1. The data are reported in Mauro F. Guillén and Emilio Ontiveros, Global Turning Points. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
1. Jim Collins, Good to Great, New York: Harper Collins, 2001, p. 94.
2. Women’s Wear Daily, April 22, 2010.
3. Building Strong Brands, November 10, 2010, http://strongbrands.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/sara-lee%E2%80%99s-disaster-in-bread/. (Accessed June 16, 2012.)
4. http://www.innovapedia.org/non-classe/bimbos-wind-farm-to-produce-near-to-100-of-mexican-bread-maker/_March 2011. (Accessed September 15, 2011.)
5. Personal interview, Pablo Elizondo Huerta, deputy chief executive officer, Bimbo, September 22, 2011.
6. EIU Global Corporate Achievement Awards 2002.
7. Advertising Age, November 9, 2010.
8. Associated Press, November 9, 2010; Winston-Salem Journal, June 22, 2010.
9. “Grupo Bimbo,” HBS 9-707-521, p. 13.
10. Latin Trade, November 1, 2009.
11. China Daily, December 1, 2009.
12. MexCham, November 16, 2010.
13. MexCham, November 16, 2010. Personal interview, September 16, 2011.
14. Flight Daily News, June 15, 2003.
15. Meeting with Horacio Aragonés Forjaz, executive vice president for corporate affairs, Embraer, January 5, 2011.
16. Aviation Week, May 7, 2001.
17. The Wall Street Journal, March 29, 2010; Seattle PI, December 9, 2009.
18. Meeting with Pedro Ferraz, managing director, Instituto Embraer, March 7, 2012.
19. The New York Times, August 30, 2011.
20. The Economist, May 15, 2008.
21. Aviation Week, May 10, 2010.
22. Seattle PI, December 9, 2009.
23. Roland Berger, Soumitra Dutta, Tobias Raffel, and Geoffrey Samuels, Innovating at the Top. How Global CEOs Drive Innovation for Growth and Profit. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p. 174.
24. Business Week, June 16, 2006.
25. Meeting with S. D. Shibulal, CEO and managing director, Infosys, March 3, 2012.
26. Louis Gerstner, Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance?, New York: Harper Collins, 2002, p. 72.
27. Seminar, 485, January 2000. http://www.india-seminar.com/2000/485/485%20interview.htm. (Accessed September 9, 2011.)
28. Meeting with Eike Batista, March 9, 2012.
29. Louis Gerstner, Who Says Elephants Can’t Dance?, New York: Harper Collins, 2002, p. 230.
1. Business Week, July 31, 2006.
2. Business Week, July 31, 2006.
3. “Haier Hefei Electronics Co. (A).” HBS 9-308-075, p. 4
4. http://haier.com.cn/news/view.asp?newsid=306. (Accessed March 10, 2012.)
5. Jeannie Jinsheng Yi and Shawn Xian Ye, The Haier Way: The Making of a Chinese Business Leader and a Global Brand, Homa & Sekey Books, 2003, p. 90.
6. Yi and Ye, p. 188.
7. Yi and Ye, p. 214.
8. Yi and Ye, p. 216.
9. McKinsey Quarterly, August 2003.
10. Euromonitor International, “Global Alcoholic Drinks: Beer—Opportunities in Niche Categories,” April 2009.
11. http://www.interbrand.com/en/best-global-brands/best-global-brands-2008/best-global-brands-2011.aspx. (Accessed March 3, 2012.)
12. Modern Brewery Age, July 10, 1995.
13. The New York Times, May 30, 1999.
14. New York Times, May 30, 1999.
15. PR Newswire, December 4, 2006.
16. Wall Street Journal, March 14, 2011.
17. Wall Street Journal, March 1, 2011.
18. Buena Salud, July 22, 2010, http://www.revistabuenasalud.cl/natura-inaugura-su-mayor-proyecto-de-sustentabilidad/. (Accessed October 29, 2011.)
19. “Natura-Ekos: From the Forest to Cajamar,” HBS-Social Enterprise Knowledge Network SKE016, p. 4.
20. Natura Report 2010, p. 53, http://scf.natura.net/relatorios/2010/_PDF/ING_PDF_NAVEGAVEL.pdf. (Accessed October 29, 2011.)
21. Prohumana, n. 27, September 2006.
22. Bloomberg, April 22, 2005.
23. “Natura: Global Beauty Made in Brazil,” HBS 9-807-029, p. 13.
24. Personal interview, October 13, 2011.
1. David M. Potter, People of Plenty: Economic Abundance and the American Character. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1954, p. 80.
2. Sea-Jing Chang, Sony vs Samsung: The Inside Story of the Electronics Giants’ Battle for Global Supremacy. New York: John Wiley, 2008, p. 54.
3. Chang, p. 25.
4. The Economist, November 1, 2011.
5. Interviews with Yun Jong Yong, CEO and president, Samsung Display Devices, March 19, 1994; and Noh Gun-Sik, president, Electronics Group, Samsung Europe, November 1, 1998.
6. Korea Times, October 26, 2009.
7. Korea Times, October 26, 2009.
8. Interview, Chang Byung-ju, president, Daewoo Chaebol, June 6, 1997.
9. Interviews with In-Ku Kang executive vice president, GoldStar Co., March 17, 1994, and Min K.S., executive vice president, Hyundai Heavy Industries, March 17, 1994.
10. Interview with Sául Ubaldini, secretary general of the CGT labor union, April 10, 1995.
11. Academy of Management Executive, August 2003, pp. 56–59.
12. Academy of Management Executive, August 2003, pp. 56–59.
13. Academy of Management Executive, August 2003, pp. 56–59.
14. Business Week, June 4, 2001.
15. “Arcor: Global Strategy and Local Turbulence.” HBS 9-704-427, p. 7.
16. Interview with Luis Alejandro Pagani, president of Arcor, Baker Library Oral Histories, November 18, 2008.
17. Business Week, June 4, 2001.
18. Interview with Luis Alejandro Pagani, president of Arcor, Baker Library Oral Histories, November 18, 2008.
19. www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories. (Accessed March 7, 2012.)
20. Academy of Management Executive, August 2003, pp. 56–59.
21. Personal interview, Agustín O’Reilly, institutional relations manager, Arcor, September 9, 2011.
22. Immelt, J. R., Govindarajan, V., and Trimble, C. “How GE is disrupting itself.” Harvard Business Review, 87(10), 2009, pp. 56–65.
23. Wall Street Journal, September 9, 2008, http://www.livemint.com/Articles/PrintArticle.aspx?artid=486D4EB8-7E8B-11DD-9644-000B5DABF613. (Accessed December 3, 2011.)
24. Ibid.
25. Times of India, December 29, 2007.
26. Forbes India, November 2, 2011, http://www.forbes.com/2011/11/21/forbes-india-reviving-suzlon-tulsi-tanti_2.html. (Accessed December 3, 2011.)
27. Wall Street Journal, September 9, 2008.
28. Ibid.
29. http://panchabuta.com/2011/06/17/wind-sector-industry-insightshe-yaozu-china-ceo-suzlon-energy/. (Accessed December 3, 2011.)
30. The Wall Street Journal, October 11, 2011, http://www.livemint.com/2007/10/11001206/GE-plans-wind-turbine-facility.html. (Accessed December 3, 2011.)
1. Academy of Management Executive, August 2003, pp. 56–59.
2. Personal interview, October 14, 2008.
3. The Chief Officers’ Network Infotech, February 6, 2007.
4. Academy of Management Perspectives, November 2010, p. 14. Meeting with Stan Shih, October 11, 1995.
5. Fortune, October 30, 1995.
6. Fortune, October 30, 1995.
7. www.MSNBC.com, August 28, 2007. (Accessed December 9, 2011.)
8. http://www.cmlab.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~chenhsiu/reading/metoo.pdf. (Accessed March 7, 2012.)
9. Academy of Management Perspectives, November 2010, p. 13.
10. Fortune, August 5, 2010.
11. http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/9157%20. (Accessed January 5, 2012.)
12. Unless otherwise noted, quotations from Mr. Sawiris are taken from the previously mentioned interview with Charlie Rose.
13. Lauder Global Business Insight Report 2009, Lauder Institute, University of Pennsylvania.
14. http://www.charlierose.com/view/interview/9157%20. (Accessed January 5, 2012.)
15. http://wikileaks.org/cable/2009/12/09CAIRO2311.html. (Accessed January 5, 2012.)
16. India Inc. Going Global. Collector’s edition vol. I, p. 63. http://www.bharatforge.com/press/mediapdf/punetopadd.pdf. (Accessed December 22, 2011.)
17. Business Standard, June 7, 2010. http://business.rediff.com/special/2010/jun/08/auto-spec-india-gives-lessons-in-management-strategy.htm. (Accessed January 5, 2012.)
18. http://www.mydigitalfc.com/companies/forging-global-leadership-hard-way-037. (Accessed January 5, 2012.)
19. Ibid.
20. Business Standard, April 15, 2003. http://www.business-standard.com/india/news/reshapingshopfloor/129060/. (Accessed January 5, 2012.)
21. Financial Chronicle, January 17, 2011. http://www.kalyanigroup.com/images/Financial%20Chronicle%20Coverage%2017th%20Jan%20 2011.pdf. (Accessed January 5, 2012.)
22. India Inc. Going Global. Collector’s edition vol. I, p. 66. http://www.bharatforge.com/press/mediapdf/punetopadd.pdf. (Accessed December 22, 2011.)
23. Bloomberg, August 28, 2010. http://mobile.bloomberg.com/news/2010-08-23/sawiris-pushes-25-billion-vimpelcom-deal-as-debt-mounts-options-dwindle.pdf. (Accessed January 5, 2012.)
24. New York Times, April 4, 1994. Personal interview, October 14, 2008.
25. Interview transcript in Bit, 128, July–Aug. 2001. Available at http://www.coit.es/publicac/publbit/bit128/perfil.htm. (Accessed March 7, 2012.)
1. China Daily, August 2, 2010.
2. http://www.aist.org/news/AISTech_2011_Award_Winners_FINAL.pdf. (Accessed March 7, 2012.) This section also draws on an interview with Javier Tizado, CEO, Siderar (part of the Techint group, March 23, 1995).
3. NYSE Magazine, 2005.
4. Personal interview, Jorge Dimopoulos, Tenaris, September 16, 2011.
5. NYSE Magazine, 2005.
6. NYSE Magazine, 2005.
7. CIO, August 15, 2001, http://www.cio.com/article/30445/Business_Process_Improvement_at_Concete_Co._Cemex. (Accessed February 4, 2012.)
8. Lindquist, Diane “From Cement to Services,” Strategy, Vol. 183, November, 2002, http://www.allbusiness.com/business-planning-structures/business-structures/330911.html. (Accessed February 4, 2012.)
9. Ibid.
10. NYSE Magazine, October/November 2006, p. 22.
11. Bloomberg, November 2, 2009. http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=axVO96o50X10&pos=7. (Accessed February 4, 2012.)
12. Ibid.
13. The Economist, November 26, 2011.
14. http://spoonfeedin.blogspot.com/2008/08/personality-narasimhan-srinathceo-tata.html. (Accessed July 27, 2011.)
15. http://submarinenetworks.com/systems/trans-pacific/tgn-pacific/vsnl-acquires-tgn. (Accessed December 11, 2011.)
16. http://submarinenetworks.com/systems/trans-pacific/tgn-pacific/vsnl-acquires-tgn. (Accessed December 11, 2011.)
17. The Economic Times, February 22, 2008.
18. Jacksonville.com, October 19, 2003.
19. SiliconIndia, January 14, 2008.
20. Stanford Business Magazine, November 2008, http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/bmag/sbsm0811/cement_dreams.html. (Accessed February 4, 2012.)
1. Fortune, April 13, 2009.
2. The Wall Street Journal, January 12, 2009.
3. Ningbo, March 5, 2011.
4. Ningbo, March 5, 2011.
5. Fortune, April 13, 2009.
6. www.forbes.com/profile/carlos-slim-helu. (Accessed June 19, 2012.)
7. New Yorker, June 1, 2009, p. 58.
8. Ibid., p. 61.
9. http://en.mercopress.com/2011/02/11/colombian-oil-and-coal-reserves-attract-latam-s-tycoons. (Accessed January 18, 2012.)
10. Amanda Knauer, “Ocimum Biosolutions: Genomics Outsourcing in India.” In Mauro F. Guillén, ed., Women Entrepreneurs: Inspiring Stories from Developing and Emerging Economies. New York: Routledge, 2013.
11. Knauer.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. VC Circle, April 10, 2009.
15. Kromosoft, July 17, 2008.
16. Ibid.
1. Edward de Bono and Robert Heller’s Thinking Managers, July 7, 2006, http://www.thinkingmanagers.com/management/takeovers.php. (Accessed April 19, 2012.)
2. Interviews with Ana Patricia Botín, president, Banesto, November 30, 2004; Gabriel Jaramillo, president, Santander Banespa, February 9, 2006; and Alfredo Sáenz, CEO, Banco Santander, October 4, 2006.
1. Financial Times, September 9, 2009.