1 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925; New York: Scribner’s, 1995), 189. All citations refer to the 1995 edition unless otherwise noted.
2 Ibid., 116.
3 Deirdre Donahue, “ ‘The Great Gatsby’ by the Numbers,” USA Today, May 7, 2013, http://www.usatoday.com/story/life/books/2013/05/07/the-great-gatsby-is-a-bestseller-this-week/2133269/.
4 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 137.
5 Ibid., 24.
6 Ibid., 5.
7 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Crack-Up, ed. Edmund Wilson (1945; New York: New Directions, 1993), 25.
8 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 27–28.
9 Ibid., 167.
10 Ibid., 153.
11 Ibid., 189.
1 Arthur Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1951), 257.
2 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978), 405.
3 Emotional bankruptcy was a phrase Fitzgerald used frequently in his letters and other writings, and it was also the title of a Josephine story written in 1930.
4 F. Scott Fitzgerald to John Biggs, 1937, Matthew J. and Arlyn Bruccoli Collection, Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Ernest F. Hollings Special Collections Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
5 Patricia Hampl, “F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Essays from the Edge,” American Scholar (Spring 2012), http://theamericanscholar.org/f-scott-fitzgeralds-essays-from-the-edge/#.Uh9y2BZGLbA.
6 Matthew J. Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), 406.
7 Bruccoli’s version doesn’t mention Zelda; Nancy Milford says Fitzgerald broke his shoulder while trying to impress a young girl at the pool. Sally Cline, who, like Milford, is a Zelda partisan, says that Scott was intending to take Zelda out to a lake to swim when he injured his shoulder the day before and disappointed her. Whether Zelda was present or not, the pool, Fitzgerald, and the wrecked shoulder are beyond dispute.
8 Nancy Milford, Zelda (1970; New York: Avon Books, 1971), 34.
9 Ibid., 159.
10 F. Scott Fitzgerald to Beatrice Dance, September 15, 1936, in F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers, 1897–1944, Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.
11 Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 264.
12 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925; New York: Scribner’s, 1995), 25. All citations refer to the 1995 edition unless otherwise noted.
13 F. Scott Fitzgerald to Dr. Robert S. Carroll, April 19, 1938, in F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers, Princeton.
14 Fitzgerald, The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald, 373.
15 Eleanor Lanahan, Scottie: The Daughter of… The Life of Frances Scott Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), 132.
16 Jay McInerney in American Masters, “F. Scott Fitzgerald: Winter Dreams,” directed by DeWitt Sage (PBS, 2001).
17 William Blazek and Laura Rattray, eds., Twenty-First-Century Readings of “Tender Is the Night” (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2007), 6.
18 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 45, 44, 96, 97–98.
19 F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Crack-Up,” Esquire, February 1936.
20 Ibid., 21.
21 Andrew Turnbull, ed., The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1963), 70.
22 Ibid., 102.
23 Ibid., 37.
24 Ibid., 102.
25 Ibid., 79.
26 F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Rich Boy,” in The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald: A New Collection, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1995), 317.
27 F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Swimmers,” in The Short Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald: A New Collection, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1995), 512.
28 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 13.
29 Ibid.
30 Ibid., 127.
31 Ibid., 9.
32 Ibid., 91.
33 Ibid., 170.
34 Ibid., 189.
35 Michel Mok, “The Other Side of Paradise: Scott Fitzgerald, 40, Engulfed in Despair,” New York Post, September 25, 1936.
36 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 9.
37 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 25.
38 Two daughters were born to the Fitzgeralds before Scott, but they died at the ages of one and three. Another daughter, born in 1900, lived only an hour.
39 Mok, “The Other Side of Paradise.”
40 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 40.
41 Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 132–33.
42 Fitzgerald, The Notebooks of F. Scott Fitzgerald, 318.
43 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 20.
44 Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 16.
45 Franklin, by the way, says in his Autobiography that he wanted to found a “swimming school” in America, and his book is studded with images of other, lesser men tumbling into rivers and succumbing to the evils of drink while he, Ben Franklin, rises up on Fortune’s tide.
46 Matthew J. Bruccoli, ed., A Life in Letters (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994), 18.
47 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 32.
48 Ibid., 34.
49 Sheilah Graham, College of One (1966; Brooklyn: Melville House, 2013), 15.
50 Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 369.
51 F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Anne Ober, March 4, 1938, in ibid., 351–52.
52 Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 26.
53 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 61.
54 James L. W. West III, The Perfect Hour: The Romance of F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ginevra King, His First Love (New York: Random House, 2006), 89.
55 F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Frances Fitzgerald Lanahan, November 4, 1937, in Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 274.
56 West, The Perfect Hour, 85.
57 Turnbull, The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald, 164.
58 F. Scott Fitzgerald, “Afternoon of an Author,” Esquire, August 1936.
59 Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 368.
60 West, The Perfect Hour.
61 Ibid., 59.
62 F. Scott Fitzgerald, F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Ledger, February 1915, in the Matthew J. and Arlyn Bruccoli Collection of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Ernest F. Hollings Special Collections Library, the University of South Carolina.
63 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 175.
64 Ibid., 182.
65 Ibid., 104.
66 Ibid., 108.
67 Ibid., 109.
68 Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 67.
69 Ibid., 73.
70 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 300.
71 Sheilah Graham and Gerold Frank, Beloved Infidel (New York: Henry Holt, 1958), 240.
72 Milford’s Zelda first shone the spotlight on Zelda’s talent and frustrations and reframed Zelda’s story as one of victimhood at the hands of her domineering artist husband; Milford drew heavily from the viewpoint of Zelda’s older sister, Rosalind, who held Scott responsible for his wife’s mental collapse. Like Milford only more so, Sally Cline, in her 2002 biography Zelda, sees Zelda as Scott’s victim. The subtitle of Cline’s book gives a taste of her extreme take on Zelda: The Tragic, Meticulously Researched Biography of the Jazz Age’s High Priestess. Even the recent biography by Sheila Schwartz, Fitzgerald, in the Modern Library of Biography series paints Fitzgerald as a bullying personality responsible for the fact that Zelda was “completely unfulfilled.”
73 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 21.
74 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 71.
75 F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Crack-Up,” in The Crack-Up, ed. Edmund Wilson (1945; New York: New Directions, 1993), 304.
1 F. Scott Fitzgerald, “My Lost City,” in The Crack-Up, ed. Edmund Wilson (1945; New York: New Directions, 1993), 25.
2 Ann Douglas, Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), 17.
3 Andrew T. Crosland, A Concordance to F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” (Detroit: Gale Research, 1975), 350–52.
4 Lauraleigh O’Meara, Lost City: Fitzgerald’s New York (New York: Routledge, 2002), 4.
5 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925; New York: Scribner’s, 1995), 188. All citations refer to the 1995 edition unless otherwise noted.
6 Douglas, Terrible Honesty, 434.
7 Alexandra Hilton, visitor center coordinator, New York City Municipal Archives, interview with the author, May 30, 2013.
8 E. B. White, Here Is New York (New York: Little Bookroom, 2000), 47.
9 E. L. Doctorow, The Book of Daniel (New York: Random House, 2007), 93.
10 Arthur Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1951), 80, and Matthew J. Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), 97.
11 Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 80.
12 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 27.
13 Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 80.
14 Photograph, New York City Municipal Archives Online Gallery, NYC Department of Records, New York City.
15 Sally Cline in Zelda, her fiercely partisan biography of Zelda Fitzgerald, claims that Fitzgerald wasn’t all that lonely during these first months in New York because he was busy having affairs with three different women. If so, I’d guess that the affairs, like his drinking, were sloppy attempts to allay his anxieties about his career and his relationship with Zelda.
16 Fitzgerald, “My Lost City,” 25.
17 Andrew Turnbull, Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1962), 93–94.
18 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 184.
19 Ibid., 125.
20 Ibid., 140.
21 White, Here Is New York, 19.
22 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 7.
23 Ibid., 64.
24 Ibid., 189.
25 Ibid., 61–62.
26 Ibid., 73.
27 Ibid., 75.
28 Ibid., 73.
29 Kenneth Jackson, ed., The Encyclopedia of New York City (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press), 583.
30 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 73.
31 On page 212 of his Explanatory Notes to the authorized text of The Great Gatsby, Matthew J. Bruccoli cites a 1924 letter Fitzgerald wrote to his Great Neck friend Robert Kerr: “The part of what you told me which I am including in my novel is the ship, yatch [sic] I mean, + the mysterious yatchsman [sic] whose mistress was Nellie Bly.”
32 Fitzgerald, “The Swimmers,” 9.
33 Bruccoli, Explanatory Notes to The Great Gatsby, 211.
34 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 183.
35 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 73–74.
36 Frances Kroll Ring, Against the Current: As I Remember F. Scott Fitzgerald (Los Angeles: Figueroa Press, 2005), 46–47.
37 Ibid., 75.
38 Vincent Canby, review of the movie The Great Gatsby, New York Times, March 28, 1974.
39 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 11.
40 Matthew J. Bruccoli, ed., A Life in Letters (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994), 86.
41 Ibid., 87.
42 Ibid., 91.
43 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 13.
44 Ibid., 17.
45 Ibid., 18.
46 Ibid., 73.
47 Ibid., 131.
48 Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 34.
49 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 144. For rates of the New York City hotels that Scott and Zelda stayed in during their early months in Manhattan, I consulted the convention pamphlet “New York Welcomes You” (circa 1920) in the Municipal Archives of the New York City Department of Records. It’s comical that that pamphlet’s list of hotels and fees ends with the assurance that “New York Hotels never raise their rates.”
50 Letter to Perkins, mid-July 1922, in F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Correspondence of F. Scott Fitzgerald, eds. Matthew J. Bruccoli and Margaret Duggan (New York: Random House, 1980), 113.
51 Jimmy Stamp, “When F. Scott Fitzgerald Judged ‘Gatsby’ by Its Cover,” Smithsonian blog, May 14, 2013, http://blogs.smithsonianmag.com/design/2013/05/when-f-scott-fitzgerald-judged-gatsby-by-its-cover/.
52 Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 79.
53 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 85.
54 Richard Maibaum, “The Question They Faced with ‘Gatsby’: Would Scott Approve?,” Daily Compass, July 8, 1949.
55 Ernest Hemingway, A Moveable Feast (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1964), 176.
56 Charles Scribner III, “Celestial Eyes: From Metamorphosis to Masterpiece,” Princeton University Library Chronicle 53, no. 2 (Winter 1992): 141–55.
57 Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 144.
58 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 175.
59 F. Scott Fitzgerald, letter to Xandra Kalman, fall 1922, cited in ibid., 176.
60 Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise, 143.
61 F. Scott Fitzgerald, “How to Live on $36,000 a Year,” Saturday Evening Post, April 5, 1924.
62 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 4.
63 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 184. Bruccoli cracks the code of some of the more cryptic references: Rumsey was Charles Cary Rumsey, a polo player and sculptor married to the heiress Mary Harriman: their estate was in Westbury, Long Island. Goddard may have been Charles William Goddard, who was a screenwriter and playwright. Allan Dwan was a movie director. Bruccoli says that Robert (Bob) Kerr was a friend of Fitzgerald’s in Great Neck who provided inspiration for young James Gatz’s meeting with Dan Cody. As a fourteen-year-old, Kerr had warned Major Edwin R. Gilman that his yacht would break up when the tide ran out in Sheepshead Bay in Brooklyn.
64 Ibid., 178.
65 Matthew J. and Arlyn Bruccoli Collection, Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Ernest F. Hollings Special Collections Library, the University of South Carolina, Columbia; https://www.sc.edu/fitzgerald/facts//html.
66 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 187.
67 Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 65.
68 Ibid., 65–67.
69 Ring Lardner Jr., The Lardners (New York: Harper and Row, 1976), 163.
70 Hilton, interview with the author.
71 Ruth Prigozy, interview by Kurt Andersen, on Studio 360: American Icons, “The Great Gatsby,” WNYC New York and Public Radio International, first broadcast July 4, 2009, https://mobile.audible.com/productDetail.htm?asin=B002VBEYQM&s=s.
72 F. Scott Fitzgerald to Maxwell Perkins, April 10, 1925, in Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 106.
1 Alfred Kazin, F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Man and His Work (New York: Collier Books, 1951), 17.
2 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925; New York: Scribner’s, 1995), 7. All citations refer to the 1995 edition unless otherwise noted.
3 Ibid., 186.
4 Fanny Butcher, “New Fitzgerald Book Proves He’s Really a Writer,” in Jackson R. Bryer, ed., F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Critical Reception (New York: Burt Franklin, 1978), 197.
5 Ibid.
6 Scribner’s, The Great Gatsby announcement, Publishers’ Weekly, April 4, 1925.
7 Linda C. Stanley, The Foreign Critical Reputation of F. Scott Fitzgerald (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004), 94.
8 Ibid., 96.
9 Ibid., 90.
10 Ibid., 96.
11 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 179.
12 Arthur Mizener, The Far Side of Paradise (London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1951), 19, and Matthew J. Bruccoli, Scottie Fitzgerald Smith, and Joan P. Kerr, eds., The Romantic Egoists: A Pictorial Autobiography from the Scrapbooks and Albums of F. Scott and Zelda Fitzgerald (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2003), 21.
13 F. Scott Fitzgerald, “The Dance,” in F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Fantasy and Mystery Stories of F. Scott Fitzgerald, ed. Peter Haining (London: Robert Hale, 1991), 140.
14 Lillian Hellman, An Unfinished Woman (Boston: Little, Brown, 1969), 71.
15 Ibid., 2.
16 Raymond Chandler to Dale Warren, November 12, 1950, in https://www.sc.edu/fitzgerald/quotes/quotes6/html.
17 Ann Douglas, Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995), 187.
18 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 208.
19 Ibid., 144.
20 Ibid.
21 Matthew J. Bruccoli, ed., A Life in Letters (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994), 94.
22 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 9.
23 Ibid., 12.
24 Ibid., 44–45.
25 Ibid., 24.
26 Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 480.
27 Ibid., 106–7.
28 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 179.
29 Ibid., 179–80.
30 Ibid.
31 Ibid., 189.
32 Morris Dickstein, ed., Critical Insights: “The Great Gatsby” by F. Scott Fitzgerald (Pasadena, CA: Salem Press, 2010), 6.
33 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 189.
34 Ibid., 186.
35 Ibid., 188.
36 Christopher Hitchens, “The Road to West Egg,” Vanity Fair, May 2000.
37 William Ernest Henley, “Invictus.”
38 Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 129.
39 Sheilah Graham and Gerold Frank, Beloved Infidel (New York: Henry Holt, 1958), 171, and F. Scott Fitzgerald to F. Scott Fitzgerald, n.d., F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers, 1897–1944, Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.
40 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 104.
41 Sheilah Graham, The Real F. Scott Fitzgerald: Thirty-Five Years Later (New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1976), 26.
42 Sheilah Graham note, 1939, in F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers, Princeton.
43 Graham and Frank, Beloved Infidel, 234.
44 Ibid., 231.
1 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925; New York: Scribner’s, 1995), 90. All citations refer to the 1995 edition unless otherwise noted.
2 Ibid., 91.
3 Ibid., 94.
4 Ibid., 101.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid., 102.
7 Ibid., 107.
8 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby: A Facsimile of the Manuscript, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli (Washington, DC: Microcard Editions, 1973), ix.
9 Andrew Turnbull, Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1962), 141.
10 F. Scott Fitzgerald, Correspondence of F. Scott Fitzgerald, eds. Matthew J. Bruccoli and Margaret M. Duggan (New York: Random House, 1980), 138.
11 Ibid.
12 Turnbull, Scott Fitzgerald, 135.
13 Ibid., 139. Fitzgerald himself tells the anecdote in “My Lost City.”
14 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 107.
15 Matthew J. Bruccoli, ed., A Life in Letters (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994), 109.
16 Ibid., 110.
17 H. L. Mencken, “As H.L.M. Sees It,” Baltimore Evening Sun, May 2, 1925; Chicago Tribune, May 24, 1925.
18 Fitzgerald, Correspondence of F. Scott Fitzgerald, 144.
19 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 125.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid., 129–30.
22 Ibid., 139–40.
23 Matthew J. Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: The Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1981), 298.
24 A. Scott Berg, Max Perkins: Editor of Genius (1978; New York: Berkeley Books, 2008), 66.
25 Andrew Turnbull, ed., The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1963), 173.
26 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 52.
27 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Crack-Up, ed. Edmund Wilson (1945; New York: New Directions, 1993), 309.
28 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 189.
29 Jonathan Yardley, “ ‘Gatsby’: The Greatest of Them All,” Washington Post, January 2, 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/01/AR2007010100958.html.
30 Burton Rascoe, “A Bookman’s Day Book,” New York Tribune, May 6, 1923.
31 Eleanor Lanahan, e-mail to the author, June 17, 2013.
32 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, vii.
33 Ibid., 188.
34 Ibid., 115.
35 Ibid., 31.
36 Ibid.
37 Ibid., 41.
38 Ibid.
39 Robert Long, The Achieving of “The Great Gatsby” (Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, 1979), 124.
40 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 170.
41 Jeffrey Meyers, Scott Fitzgerald: A Biography (New York: HarperCollins, 1994), 334.
42 Turnbull, Scott Fitzgerald, 321.
43 Scottie Fitzgerald Lanahan, conversation with Matthew J. Bruccoli, recorded in 1977 for Some Sort of Epic Grandeur. CD included in exhibition booklet from Scottie Fitzgerald: The Stewardship of Literary Memory, October–December 2007, University of South Carolina Libraries, Columbia.
44 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 6.
45 F. Scott Fitzgerald letter to Maxwell Perkins, September 10, 1924, in Correspondence of F. Scott Fitzgerald, 146.
46 Letter to Frances Turnbull, November 9, 1938, in Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 368.
47 Eleanor Lanahan, Scottie the Daughter Of…: The Life of Frances Scott Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), 141.
48 Ibid., 198.
49 Don C. Skemer, e-mail to the author, December 13, 2013.
50 F. Scott Fitzgerald, Trimalchio: An Early Version of “The Great Gatsby,” ed. James L. W. West III (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), xiii.
51 Fitzgerald letter to Maxwell Perkins, January 24, 1925, in Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 94.
52 Susan Bell, The Artful Edit (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007), 43.
53 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 219.
54 Ibid., 211.
55 Jackson R. Bryer, ed., F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Critical Reception (New York: Burt Franklin, 1978), 195–249.
56 Fitzgerald, Correspondence of F. Scott Fitzgerald, 164.
57 Fitzgerald, The Crack-Up, 310.
58 Bryer, Critical Reception, 239–40.
59 Fitzgerald, Correspondence of F. Scott Fitzgerald, 167–75.
60 Ibid., 161.
61 Ibid.
62 Bruccoli, Some Sort of Epic Grandeur, 221.
63 Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 112–13.
64 Matthew J. Bruccoli, Dictionary of Literary Biography: F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great Gatsby” (Toronto: Gale, 1999), 219.
65 Ibid., 220.
66 Ibid., 224.
67 Turnbull, The Letters of F. Scott Fitzgerald, 301.
68 Ibid.
69 F. Scott Fitzgerald list of “Possibly Valuable Books” in F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers, 1897–1944, Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.
70 Frances Kroll Ring, Against the Current: As I Remember F. Scott Fitzgerald (Los Angeles: Figueroa Press, 2005), 66.
71 Bruccoli, A Life in Letters, 445.
1 “Scott Fitzgerald, Author, Dies at 44,” New York Times, December 23, 1940.
2 Arnold Gingrich letter to Sheilah Graham, December 27, 1940, F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers, 1897–1944, Manuscripts Division, Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Princeton University Library.
3 Westbrook Pegler, “Fair Enough,” December 26, 1940; reprinted in the Los Angeles Times, March 4, 2010.
4 Alfred Kazin, F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Man and His Work (New York: World Publishing, 1951), 198.
5 Letter to F. Scott Fitzgerald, “Fan Letter Folder,” n.d., in F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers, Princeton.
6 Ruth Prigozy, The Cambridge Companion to F. Scott Fitzgerald (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 18.
7 Frances Kroll Ring, Against the Current: As I Remember F. Scott Fitzgerald (Los Angeles: Figueroa Press, 2005), 151.
8 Adventures in American Literature (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1941), 1207.
9 Charles Lee, ed., North, East, South, West: A Regional Anthology of American Writing (New York: Howell, Soskin, 1945).
10 Adventures in American Literature (New York: Harcourt Brace, 1958), 136.
11 Clarence A. Brown and John T. Flanagan, American Literature: A College Survey (Spokane, WA: Marquette, 1961), 715.
12 Andrew J. Porter, Henry L. Terrie, and Robert A. Bennett, eds., American Literature (Oxford: Ginn, 1964), 564.
13 Perry Miller, ed., Major Writers of America (n.p.: Major Writers of America, 1962), 678.
14 Adventures in American Literature (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1968), 551.
15 Jennifer Govan, e-mail message to Katie Collins, October 24, 2012.
16 Sheilah Graham and Gerold Frank, Beloved Infidel (New York: Henry Holt, 1958), 338.
17 Sheilah Graham, College of One (1966; Brooklyn: Melville House, 2013), 275–76.
18 Paul McPharlin, “Soldiers Who Read,” Publishers’ Weekly (September 11, 1943).
19 John Y. Cole, ed., Books in Action: The Armed Services Edition (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1984), viii, and James M. Dourgarian, “Armed Services Edition,” Firsts: The Book Collector’s Magazine (November 2001): 24–35.
20 Cole, Books in Action, 9.
21 Dourgarian, “Armed Services Edition,” 30.
22 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Armed Services ed. (New York: Council on Books in Wartime, 1945).
23 Council on Books in Wartime, “Ideas for Americans at War Spread by Council on Books,” Publishers’ Weekly (December 25, 1943): 2300–13. Other sources include Dourgarian, “Armed Services Editions”; Cole, Books in Action; and Daniel J. Miller, Books Go to War (Charlottesville, VA: Book Arts Press, 1996).
24 A. Scott Berg, Max Perkins: Editor of Genius (1978; New York: Berkeley Books, 2008), 427.
25 Melanie McGee Bianchi, “Living Incidentally,” Verve: Asheville’s Magazine for Women, August 30, 2012.
26 Letter from Zelda Fitzgerald to Noel Parrish, February 1, 1943, in Noel Francis Parrish Papers (1894–1987), Box 7, Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
27 Matthew J. Bruccoli, ed., F. Scott Fitzgerald: A Life in Letters (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1994), 475.
28 Stephen E. Ambrose, D-Day: June 6, 1944: The Climactic Battle of World War II (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1995), 155.
29 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, Bantam ed. (New York: Bantam Books, 1951), 1.
30 Charles Scribner’s Sons to Scottie Fitzgerald Lanahan, royalty report of February 1, 1952, in the Matthew J. and Arlyn Bruccoli Collection of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Ernest F. Hollings Special Collections Library, University of South Carolina.
31 Catherine Lewis, “Second Act,” in F. Scott Fitzgerald Centenary Exhibition, September 24, 1896–September 24, 1996, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press), 86.
32 Blake Bailey, Farther and Wilder: The Lost Weekends and Literary Dreams of Charles Jackson (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), 81.
33 Ibid., 82.
34 John K. Hutchens, “People Who Read and Write,” New York Times, September 15, 1946.
35 Leslie Fiedler, “Some Notes on F. Scott Fitzgerald,” fitzgerald.narod.ru/critics-eng/fiedler-somenotes.html.
36 Eleanor Lanahan, Scottie the Daughter Of…: The Life of Frances Scott Fitzgerald Lanahan Smith (New York: HarperCollins, 1995), 14.
37 Matthew J. Bruccoli, preface to The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald (New York: Scribner’s, 1995), vii–viii.
38 For the basic Bruccoli story, see Chris Horn, “Collecting Fitzgerald: A Passion as Big as the Ritz,” University of South Carolina, last modified July 22, 1996, http://www.sc.edu/fitzgerald/collection/horn.html.
39 “Bruccoli the Bulldog,” Columbia State, July 25, 2004.
40 F. Scott Fitzgerald, F. Scott Fitzgerald: Inscriptions, ed. Matthew J. Bruccoli (Columbia, SC: Bruccoli, Clark, Layman, 1988).
41 Francis Ford Coppola, “Gatsby and Me,” Town and Country, May 2013.
42 Ibid.
43 Lanahan, Scottie, 427–28.
44 Ibid., 364.
45 Edmund Wilson note to Howard Allen, October 22, 1971, Matthew J. and Arlyn Bruccoli Collection of F. Scott Fitzgerald, Irvin Department of Rare Books and Special Collections, Ernest F. Hollings Special Collections Library, University of South Carolina.
46 Tributes from these writers and others were collected in a limited-edition commemorative booklet printed in conjunction with the F. Scott Fitzgerald Centenary Celebration.
47 J. D. Salinger, The Catcher in the Rye (Boston: Little, Brown, 1951), 183.
1 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1925; New York: Scribner’s, 1995), 65. All citations refer to the 1995 edition unless otherwise noted.
2 Ibid., 121.
3 Azar Nafisi, Reading “Lolita” in Tehran: A Memoir in Books (New York: Random House, 2003), 142.
4 Evan Osnos, “Reading ‘Gatsby’ in Beijing,” New Yorker blog, May 2, 2013, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/comment/evan-osnos.
5 Peter Conn, e-mail to the author, August 15, 2013.
6 Sara Rimer, “Gatsby’s Green Light Beckons to a New Set of Strivers,” New York Times, February 17, 2008.
7 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 99.
8 Ibid., 104.
9 I’m indebted to Scott Shepherd for this insight; Shepherd, e-mail to the author, December 13, 2013.
10 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 189.
11 Ibid., 101.
12 Edmund Wilson, Edmund Wilson: Literary Essays and Reviews of the 1920s and 1930s (New York: Library of America, 2007), 30.
13 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 162.
14 Ibid.
15 Ruth Prigozy, interview by Kurt Andersen, “The Great Gatsby,” Studio 360: American Icons, WNYC New York and Public Radio International, July 4, 2009, https://mobile.audible.com/productDetail.htm?asin=B002VBEYQM&s=s.
16 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 117.
17 Scott Shepherd, telephone interview with the author, August 17, 2013.
18 Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby, 186.
19 Jonathan Yardley, “ ‘Gatsby’: The Greatest of Them All,” Washington Post, January 2, 2007, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/01/01/AR2007010100958.html.