Dutch Light

Index

References in bold are to illustrations.

Académie Française ref1, ref2, ref3

Accademia del Cimento ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

acceleration see gravitational acceleration

Africa, west ref1, ref2

Al-Hazen (al-Hasan ibn al-Haytham) ref1, ref2, ref3

Albertine Agnes, Countess of Nassau ref1

alchemy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Alcmaer (ship) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

algebra ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Alkmaar ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Alps ref1, ref2

Alva, Duke of ref1, ref2

Amalia of Solms-Braunfels ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Amersfoort ref1

Amsterdam ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14

canals ref1

Descartes in ref1, ref2, ref3

Goncourt in ref1

Monet in ref1

Spinoza in ref1

and the Visscher family ref1, ref2

Amsterdam city hall ref1, ref2

anatomy demonstrations ref1, ref2, ref3

ancient Greece ref1, ref2

Angers University ref1

Anglo-Dutch alliance ref1

Anglo-Dutch wars ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

First ref1, ref2

Second ref1, ref2, ref3

‘anomalous suspension’ ref1, ref2

Antwerp ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Archimedes ref1

art

Dutch ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

perspective in ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

ash, in glass-making ref1

asteroid belt ref1

astrology ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

astronomy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

see also Jupiter; Mars; Mercury; Saturn; comets; solar system

atheism ref1, ref2

atoms ref1, ref2, ref3

automata ref1

Auzout, Adrien ref1, ref2, ref3

Bacon, Sir Francis (Verulamius) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and John Locke ref1

light and sound waves analogy ref1

and music ref1, ref2, ref3

New Atlantis ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Novum Organum ref1, ref2

Baconian theory ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Baillet, Adrien ref1, ref2

Ball, Philip ref1

Baltas, Aristides ref1, ref2

Banqueting House, London ref1

barges ref1, ref2

Barlaeus, Caspar ref1, ref2

Barrow, Isaac ref1, ref2, ref3

Bartholin, Rasmus ref1, ref2, ref3

basset (card game) ref1

basso continuo ref1, ref2

Bayle, Pierre ref1, ref2, ref3

Beeckman, Isaac ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Bentinck, Hans Willem, Duke of Portland ref1

Bergerotti, Anna ref1

Bernoulli, Jacob ref1

Bernoulli, Johann ref1

Beuys, Joseph ref1, ref2

Biancolelli, Dominique ref1

Binnenhof, The Hague ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

binocular telescopes ref1

Blaeu, Joan ref1

Blaeu, Willem ref1, ref2

body, human ref1, ref2

and architecture ref1, ref2

dissection ref1, ref2

and the mind ref1, ref2, ref3

separation from the soul ref1, ref2

Vitruvian man’s ref1, ref2

Boreel, William ref1, ref2

Bosschaert, Thomas ref1

Boullée, Etienne-Louis ref1

Boulliau, Ismaël ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Boyle, Robert ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

air pump ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and Drebbel ref1

and Hooke ref1

and Huygens’s Traité de la Lumière ref1

and Oldenburg ref1

and Papin ref1

as ‘professional’ natural philosopher ref1

and sound ref1

unmarried ref1

Boyne, The, Battle of ref1

Brabant ref1, ref2, ref3

Brahe, Tycho ref1, ref2, ref3

Brandenburg (ship) ref1

Breda ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Brederode, Count of ref1

Brenta River ref1, ref2

Briel (ship) ref1

Brouncker, William ref1, ref2, ref3

Bruce, Alexander, Earl of Kincardine ref1, ref2, ref3

Bruno, Giordano ref1, ref2

Bruno, Hendrik ref1, ref2

Brunswick, House of ref1, ref2

Brussels ref1, ref2

Calandrini, Cesar ref1

calcite ref1

calculus ref1, ref2, ref3

differential ref1, ref2

integral ref1, ref2, ref3

and Leibniz ref1, ref2, ref3

and Newton ref1, ref2, ref3

Calvinism ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

Cambridge ref1, ref2, ref3

Cambridge University ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

camera obscuras ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Campani, Giuseppe ref1

Campani, Matteo ref1

canals ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Cape of Good Hope ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Cape Verde Islands ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

capillary action ref1

Carcavi, Pierre de ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

card games, and Huygens ref1

Cardano, Girolamo ref1

carillons ref1, ref2

Carleton, Sir Dudley ref1, ref2

Caron, Noël de ref1, ref2

Caron, Suzette (Susanna) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

‘Cartesian doubt’ ref1, ref2

Cartesianism ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23

Casembroot, Maria ref1, ref2

Cassini, Giovanni ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and the French Academy of Sciences ref1

and the moons of Saturn ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and the paths of comets ref1

and the rotational period of Mars ref1

Cassini orbiter ref1, ref2

catenaries ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Catholic Church ref1

Catholics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Cats, Jacob ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle ref1, ref2, ref3

Cavendish, William ref1

Celsius, Anders ref1

‘centres of percussion’ ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

centrifugal force ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

centripetal force ref1

CETI see Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence

Ceulen, Johannes van ref1

Chapelain, Jean ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

death ref1, ref2

early admirer of Huygens’s work ref1

and the French Academy of Sciences ref1

and Huygens’s pendulum clock ref1, ref2, ref3

and Huygens’s work on Saturn ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

introduces Huygens into Paris society ref1

and Louis XIV ref1, ref2, ref3

Charles I of England ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Charles II of England ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor ref1

Château du Chantilly ref1

Châtelet, Emilie du ref1

Christian doctrine ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Christina, Queen of Sweden ref1, ref2

chromatic aberration ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Civille, François de ref1, ref2

Coenen, Adriaen ref1

coin-tossing, Huygens on ref1

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

cosmopolitanism ref1, ref2

death ref1

fountains of ref1

and Huygens’s Automatic Planet Machine ref1

and Huygens’s spiral balance spring clock ref1, ref2

and Huygens’s Horologium Oscillatorium ref1

and Isaac Vossius ref1

national academies of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

provides financial support for Huygens ref1, ref2

collet (recycled glass) ref1

collisions, theory of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

colour theory ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

comets ref1, ref2, ref3

Communication with Extraterrestrial Intelligence (CETI) ref1

conic sections ref1

see also ellipses; hyperbolas; parabolas

Conrart, Valentin ref1

Copernicus ref1, ref2

Coques, Gonzales ref1, ref2

Coster, Salomon ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

crayfish, Huygens on ref1

cristallo glass (Venice crystal) ref1, ref2, ref3

Cromwell, Oliver ref1, ref2

curves, geometry of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

Cusance, Béatrix de ref1, ref2

Cuyp, Albert ref1

cycloids (curves) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

da Vinci, Leonardo ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Danzig ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

de Fermat, Pierre ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

de Gheyn, Jacques, III, Rembrandt portrait ref1, ref2, ref3

de Gheyn, Jacques (Jacob), II ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

de Keyser, Thomas ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

de’ Medici, Prince Leopoldo ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

de Montmor, Henri Louis Habert ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

see also Montmor academy; Montmor circle

de Roberval, Gilles Personne ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14

De Waert, nr Alkmaar ref1

de Witt, Cornelis ref1, ref2

de Witt, Johan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

Delft ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

demography, scientific ref1

Denmark ref1, ref2, ref3

Descartes, René ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

atheism of ref1

and Beeckman ref1, ref2

and Cartesian coordinates ref1

and Christiaan Huygens ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

cogito argument of ref1

on comets ref1

commemoration of his life ref1

and Constantijn Huygens (senior) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

controversy surrounding ref1

and de Montmor ref1, ref2

death ref1

flees to the Dutch Republic ref1, ref2

and France ref1, ref2

and gravity ref1

and Huygens’s Traité de la Lumière ref1

and hyperbolic lenses ref1, ref2

and the law of refraction ref1

and the laws of motion ref1, ref2

and lenses ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and light ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and Margaret Cavendish ref1

and mechanics ref1

and music ref1, ref2

and Newton ref1, ref2, ref3

and optics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and pendulums ref1

professionalism ref1

refraction theory of ref1

and Spinoza ref1, ref2

and Stampioen ref1

and telescope lenses ref1

unmarried ref1

and vacuums ref1, ref2

and van Schooten ref1, ref2

and the visual image ref1, ref2

and ‘vortices’ ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

works

Discourse on Method ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

La dioptrique ref1, ref2, ref3

Principia Philosophiae ref1, ref2

treatise on geometry ref1

treatise on meteorology ref1

treatise on music ref1

see also Cartesianism

diamond-point engraving ref1, ref2

dice ref1, ref2

diertgens (little animals) ref1, ref2

Digby, Kenelm ref1

Diodata, Elia ref1

dioptrics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

see also refraction, optical

Divini, Eustachio ref1

‘doctrine of signatures’ ref1

Donne, John ref1, ref2, ref3

Doublet, Philips ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Doublet (née Huygens), Susanna (Christiaan’s sister) ref1, ref2, ref3

birth ref1, ref2

childhood ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and Christiaan’s health ref1

correspondence with Christiaan ref1, ref2

death ref1

education ref1, ref2, ref3

as family lynchpin ref1

marriage ref1, ref2

musical ability ref1, ref2

Netscher portrait of ref1

provides support for Christiaan ref1

visits Christiaan in Paris ref1

Douw, Simon ref1

Drake, Frank ref1

Drebbel, Cornelis ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and the camera obscura ref1, ref2, ref3

and the microscope ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and optics ref1

and the submarine ref1

Dürer, Albrecht ref1

Dutch Council of State ref1

Dutch East Indies Company ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Dutch ‘Golden Age’ ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

painting ref1, ref2, ref3

Dutch Indies trading companies ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Dutch light ref1, ref2

Dutch maritime trade ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Dutch mathematics ref1

Dutch Reformed Church ref1, ref2, ref3

Dutch Republic ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15

achieves independent sovereignty ref1

and art ref1

and Cartesianism ref1

Huygens’s work to elevate the sciences in ref1

Descartes in ref1, ref2

and the Eighty Years War ref1

and England ref1

and France ref1, ref2

freedoms of ref1

Huygens family contributions to ref1

Jews in ref1

lack of resources ref1

liberalism ref1

and music ref1

political crises of ref1

and printing ref1

southern border fortifications ref1

and the spiral balance spring clock ref1

tolerance of ref1, ref2, ref3

Dutch Revolt ref1, ref2

Dutch Society of Sciences ref1

Dutch West Indies trading company ref1

Earth ref1, ref2

circumference ref1, ref2

ellipsoidal shape ref1

and the heliocentric theory ref1

size ref1

eclipses ref1, ref2

Edict of Nantes, revocation ref1, ref2

Eighty Years War ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Twelve Years Truce ref1, ref2

Einstein, Albert

and Huygens ref1

and Newton ref1

and relativity ref1

thought experiments of ref1

ellipses ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

elliptical lenses ref1, ref2

elliptical orbits ref1, ref2

Elzevir family ref1

Enceladus ref1

England ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15

alliance with France ref1

Commonwealth ref1

Cromwell’s ref1

and the Dutch ref1, ref2, ref3

economic expansion ref1

and the ‘Glorious Revolution’ ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and the measurement of longitude at sea ref1, ref2

and printing ref1

and the spiral balance spring clock ref1

English Civil War ref1, ref2, ref3

engraving, diamond-point ref1, ref2

Enlightenment ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

European Geosciences Union ref1

European Space Agency ref1

Evelyn, John ref1, ref2n

evolute curves ref1

extraterrestrial life ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

eyepieces ref1, ref2, ref3

eye(s) ref1, ref2

Fagel, Gaspar ref1

Fatio de Duillier, Nicolas ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Faubourg Saint-Antoine ref1

Ferrier, Jean ref1, ref2, ref3

Feynman, Richard ref1, ref2

Flamsteed, John ref1, ref2

flooding, seasonal ref1, ref2

flooding, strategic ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Florence ref1, ref2, ref3

Florence, Duke of ref1

flotation, centres of ref1

Fokker, Adriaan ref1

Fontainebleau ref1

Fontenelle, Bernard de, ‘Conversations on the Plurality of Worlds’ ref1

France ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21

art of ref1

and Huygens’s spiral balance spring clock ref1, ref2

Huygens’s work to elevate the status of science in ref1

and Descartes ref1, ref2, ref3

and the Dutch Republic ref1, ref2

and James II ref1

national academies of ref1, ref2

and Newton ref1, ref2

Protestants of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and the Second Anglo-Dutch War ref1

and Spain ref1

Franco-Dutch War ref1

Franco-Prussian War ref1

François, Père ref1, ref2

Frederik Hendrik, Prince of Orange ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18

French Academy of Sciences ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18

Fresnel, Augustin ref1

Frisius, Gemma ref1

Galileo Galilei ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

death (1642) ref1

and Descartes ref1

Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems ref1

genius of ref1

and mathematics ref1

and ‘Medicean stars’ ref1

and Mersenne ref1

and the moons of Jupiter ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and music ref1

and the pendulum clock ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and Prince Leopoldo de’ Medici ref1

and Saturn ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

trial for heresy ref1, ref2

gambling ref1, ref2

Gassendi, Pierre ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Gautier, Jacques ref1

Geneva ref1, ref2, ref3

Geneva, Lake ref1

geometry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22

and algebra ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and curves ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

Euclidean ref1

and the laws of optics ref1

and refraction ref1

and triangles ref1

Germany ref1, ref2

Glanvill, Joseph ref1

glass

diamond-point engraving ref1, ref2

forest glass ref1, ref2

lenses see lenses

mirror glass ref1, ref2

Prince Rupert’s drops ref1, ref2

quality of ref1

sweating ref1

glass-blowing ref1, ref2

glass-making ref1, ref2

‘Glorious Revolution’ ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

God ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

disproving the existence of ref1, ref2

as prime mover ref1

Golius, Jacob ref1

Gorcum (Gorinchem) ref1, ref2

Graunt, John ref1

gravitational acceleration, value of ref1, ref2

gravity ref1, ref2, ref3

centre of ref1, ref2

and Descartes ref1

and Huygens ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

and Newton ref1, ref2

on other planets ref1

Great Fire of London ref1

Greenwich Observatory ref1

Gresham College, Bishopsgate ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

see also Royal Society

Grimaldi, Francesco ref1

Haarlem ref1, ref2, ref3

Haarlemmer Meer ref1

Habsburgs ref1, ref2, ref3

Hague, The ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34, ref35, ref36, ref37, ref38, ref39, ref40, ref41, ref42, ref43, ref44, ref45

and Andrew Marvell ref1

and art ref1

Binnenhof ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and the camera obscura ref1

considers memorial to Huygens ref1

and early telescopes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and English piracy ref1

French Huguenots of ref1

Het Plein residence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Huis ten Bosch ref1, ref2, ref3

and Huygens’s pendulum clocks ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and John Donne ref1

and land creation ref1

Lange Houtstraat ref1

plague outbreaks of ref1, ref2

The Voorhout ref1

van Dyck in ref1

Halley, Edmond ref1, ref2, ref3

Halley’s comet ref1

Hals, Frans ref1

Hampton Court ref1, ref2, ref3

Hanneman, Adriaen ref1, ref2

harpsichords ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

solar-powered ref1

Harriot, Thomas ref1, ref2

Harrison, John ref1

Hartsoeker, Nicolaas ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Hatfield Chace, nr Doncaster ref1

Heinsius, Daniel ref1

heliocentric theory ref1, ref2, ref3

Hellevoetsluis ref1, ref2

Hendrik of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ref1

Henrietta Maria of France ref1, ref2, ref3

heresy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Herschel, John ref1

’s-Hertogenbosch ref1, ref2

Het Plein residence, The Hague ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Hevelius, Johannes ref1, ref2, ref3

lens-grinding ref1

and Saturn ref1

telescopes of ref1

Hobbema, Meindert ref1

Hobbes, Thomas ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Hoefnagel, Jacob ref1, ref2

Hoefnagel, Joris ref1, ref2

Hofvijver lake, The Hague ref1

Hofwijck (Huygens estate), Voorburg ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17

Holbein, Hans ref1

Holland ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26

and art ref1

and astronomy ref1

Descartes in ref1

Holmes, Robert ref1, ref2

Hondius, Hendrik ref1

Hooft, Haasje ref1

Hooft, Pieter Corneliszoon ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

Hooke, Robert ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

and the air pump ref1

comparison with Huygens ref1

conflict over Huygens’s spiral balance spring clock ref1

conical pendulum of ref1

and Horologium Oscillatorium ref1

and light ref1, ref2

and the measurement of longitude at sea ref1

Micrographia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and Newton ref1, ref2

and pendulum clocks ref1

unmarried ref1

House of Orange college, Breda ref1, ref2

Howard, Lord William ref1

Hudde, Johannes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Huguenots ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Huis ten Bosch, The Hague ref1

Oranjezaal ref1, ref2

Huizinga, Johan ref1

HUYGENS, CHRISTIAAN

and acceleration due to gravity ref1

and air pressure ref1

and air pumps ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and anemometers ref1

artwork ref1, ref2

and astronomy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

comets ref1

extraterrestrial life ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

Mars ref1, ref2

Saturn ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

De Saturni Luna Observatio Nova ref1

discovers first moon of (Titan) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

ring ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17

Systema Saturnium ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

unparalleled fame as astronomer ref1

baptism ref1

and barometers ref1

birth ref1, ref2, ref3

and the calculation of longitude at sea ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

Cartesianism ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

and cartography ref1, ref2

and ‘centres of flotation’ ref1

and ‘centres of oscillation’ ref1, ref2, ref3

and ‘centres of percussion’ ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and centrifugal force ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

and Chapelain ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

childhood ref1

coded anagram use ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

commemoration of his life ref1, ref2

and the conservation of kinetic energy ref1, ref2

and de Witt ref1

death (1695) ref1, ref2, ref3

and Descartes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

diplomatic work ref1, ref2

draughtsman ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

and the duplication of text/drawings by stencil plates ref1

education ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

in England ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

and experimentation ref1

and falsifiability ref1

family matters ref1

family support ref1

and his brother Constantijn’s marriage ref1

and his brother Philips’s death ref1

and his father’s death ref1

and his mother’s death ref1

female acquaintances

Haasje Hooft ref1

Jane Myddelton ref1

Marianne Petit ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Marie Perriquet ref1, ref2

Suzette Caron ref1, ref2, ref3

financial independence ref1, ref2, ref3

and the first accurate measurement of a physical constant ref1

and the French Academy of Sciences ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

and the ‘Glorious Revolution’ ref1

grave ref1, ref2

and gravity ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

as greatest scientist of his generation ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

gunpowder engine of ref1, ref2

and the Hofwijck residence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

honours, 1679 medal struck ref1

and Hooke ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

on human existence ref1

hydrological surveys ref1

and hypotheses ref1

ill health ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

hypochondriac melancholia ref1, ref2

madness ref1, ref2

‘tristitia’ ref1

winter fever ref1

and the ‘infinite inclusion of animals and plants’ ref1

inherits Lordship of Zeelhem ref1

internationalism ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and Leibniz ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and lenses ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17

and light ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

as a wave ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

and the magic lantern ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and mathematics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23

geometry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25

probability theory ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

mechanical brass planetarium (‘Automatic Planet Machine’) ref1, ref2, ref3

and mechanics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

and microscopes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

and motion ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and music ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

novel keyboard ref1, ref2, ref3

and Newton ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16

nicknamed ‘Dutch Archimedes’ by his father ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

notebooks ref1

and Oldenburg ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

and optics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21

over-shadowed genius of ref1

and Paris ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25

patents ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

pendulum clock of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19

and physics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

polymath ref1, ref2, ref3

portraits

by Netscher ref1, ref2, ref3

in orphan rags ref1, ref2

as ‘professional’ scientist ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

purchases law degree from Angers ref1

and refraction ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

and the relativity of motion ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

relevance of geographical location to his work ref1

and Rembrandt ref1

and reproducibility ref1

reputation annihilated by the arrival of Newton ref1

and Rømer ref1, ref2, ref3

and the Royal Society of London ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

seeks employment in William III’s council ref1

sense of isolation ref1

sketching hobby/visual nature ref1

and sound waves ref1

as specialist ref1

and spherical lenses ref1

and Spinoza ref1, ref2, ref3

spiral balance spring clock of ref1, ref2

and surveying ref1, ref2

and suspension systems ref1

as synthesist ref1

and telescopes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30

tubeless long ref1, ref2

temperament ref1, ref2

in The Hague ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16

and thermometers ref1

‘universal perpetual measure of length’ of ref1

and universal theories ref1

unmarried ref1

unorthodox views on religion ref1

and verifiability ref1

and water features ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and water-flow meters ref1

will ref1, ref2

and windmills ref1

works

Cosmotheoros (1698) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

De Motu Corporum ex Percussione ref1, ref2

De Saturni Luna Observatio Nova ref1

De vi centrifuga (‘On Centrifugal Force’) ref1

Discours de la Cause de la Pesanteur (‘Discourse on the Cause of Gravity’) ref1, ref2, ref3

Horologium (1658) ref1, ref2, ref3

Horologium Oscillatorium (1673) ref1, ref2, ref3

Le cycle harmonique ref1

Oeuvres Complètes (posthumous publication) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Systema Saturnium (1659) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Traité de la Lumière (1690) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Van Reckeningh in Spelen van Geluck (‘On Calculation in Games of Chance’) ref1, ref2

Huygens, Christiaen (Christiaan’s grandfather) ref1, ref2

diplomatic work ref1, ref2, ref3

and Susanna van Baerle ref1

Huygens, Constantijn (Christiaan’s brother) ref1, ref2, ref3

birth ref1

childhood ref1, ref2

on Christiaan’s attitude to life ref1

and Christiaan’s death ref1, ref2

Christiaan’s favours for ref1

and Christiaan’s ill health ref1

correspondence with Christiaan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

death ref1

and Descartes ref1

diary ref1, ref2, ref3

diplomatic career ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

secretary to the stadholder ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

draughtsman ref1, ref2

and Drebbel ref1

education ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and extraterrestrial life ref1, ref2

father’s doting on ref1

and the ‘Glorious Revolution’ ref1, ref2

and the Het Plein residence ref1

inherits Lordship of Zuilichem ref1

and Jupiter ref1

as kenner ref1, ref2

lens-grinding ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

marries Susanna Rijckaert ref1

and microscopes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

military expeditions to Ireland ref1, ref2, ref3

moves family out of the house on the Plein ref1

and music ref1

and Saturn ref1, ref2, ref3

self-portrait (c. 1688) ref1

sketching hobby ref1

suffers gout ref1

and Systema Saturnium ref1

and telescopes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

travels ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Huygens, Constantijn (Christiaan’s father) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

and Amalia of Solms-Braunfels ref1, ref2, ref3

architect ref1

artistic judgement ref1, ref2

assets ref1

attends anatomy demonstrations ref1

battle experience ref1

birth (1596) ref1, ref2

commemoration of his life ref1

courts Susanna van Baerle ref1, ref2

as a ‘curioso’ ref1

death ref1, ref2, ref3

and Descartes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

diplomatic career ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14

secretary to the stadholder ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

and Dorothea van Dorp ref1

and Cornelis Drebbel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

education ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and Elia Diodati ref1

and the end of the Eighty Years War ref1

in England ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

exophthalmus ref1

female companions following his wife’s death ref1, ref2, ref3

friendships ref1

as generalist ref1, ref2

and gout ref1

grave ref1, ref2

handwriting skills ref1

and the Het Plein residence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and his family ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

absent on work duties ref1

Christiaan’s correspondence with ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

on Christiaan’s love of Paris ref1

and the death of his wife ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

enables a royal stipend for Christiaan to pursue his scientific work ref1

favours Christiaan amongst his children ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

on his father ref1

marriage to Susanna van Baerle ref1, ref2, ref3

proposal to Susanna ref1

and Hofwijck (Huygens estate) ref1, ref2, ref3

and Iceland spar ref1

income reduced ref1

as kenner ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

knighthoods ref1, ref2

knowledge of Spanish ref1, ref2, ref3

and land creation schemes ref1

lands of ref1, ref2

and lens grinding ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and Lievens ref1

long life ref1

love of social status ref1

and the magic lantern ref1, ref2, ref3

and microscopes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and music ref1, ref2, ref3

lute playing ref1

musical compositions ref1, ref2

musical innovation ref1

writes Pathodia Sacra et Profana ref1, ref2

old age ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

optics ref1

portraits ref1

de Keyser’s ref1, ref2

Hanneman’s ref1

Lievens’s ref1, ref2

van Campen’s ref1

and Rembrandt ref1, ref2, ref3

titles ref1, ref2

and van Dyck ref1

will ref1

writings ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

‘Anatomy’ (poem) ref1

on comets (verse) ref1

Dagh-werck (poem) ref1, ref2

Hofwijck (poem) ref1, ref2

John Donne translations ref1

knotted, unmusical verses ref1

Koren-bloemen (‘Cornflowers’) (poetry collection) ref1, ref2, ref3

Momenta Desultoria (poetry collection) ref1

‘On My Son’s Timepiece’ (poem) ref1

Ooghentroost (poem) ref1

sneldichten (quick poems) ref1

in Spanish ref1

Trijntje Cornelis (play) ref1

Zee-straet (poem) ref1

Huygens, Constantijn (Lodewijk’s son) ref1

Huygens, Lodewijk (Christiaan’s brother) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

as bailiff of Gorcum ref1

birth ref1

brings shame on the family name ref1, ref2, ref3

childhood ref1, ref2

children ref1

Christiaan’s correspondence with ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15

and Christiaan’s death ref1

Christiaan’s favours for ref1

and Christiaan’s ill health in Paris ref1

diplomatic work ref1, ref2

education ref1

and his father’s death ref1

involved in duelling at college ref1, ref2

in Paris ref1, ref2

portraits ref1

tour of England ref1, ref2, ref3

Huygens, Maurits (Christiaan’s uncle) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Rembrandt portrait ref1

Huygens, Philips (Christiaan’s brother) ref1

birth ref1

childhood ref1

death ref1, ref2, ref3

diplomatic work ref1

and Hevelius ref1, ref2

travels ref1

Huygens (née Hoefnagel), Susanna (Christiaan’s grandmother) ref1, ref2

Huygens (née van Baerle), Susanna (Christiaan’s mother) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and the birth of her children ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Constantijn’s proposal to ref1

courted by Constantijn ref1, ref2

death ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

dowry ref1

draughtswoman ref1

and the Het Plein residence ref1, ref2

marriage to Constantijn ref1, ref2, ref3

portraits, van Campen’s ref1

runs the home ref1

Huygens (née Rijckaert), Susanna (Constantijn’s wife) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

‘Huygens eyepiece’ ref1

Huygens principle (Huygens–Fresnel Principle) ref1, ref2

Huygens spacecraft ref1, ref2

hyperbolas ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Iceland spar ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Ireland ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Isaacsz, Pieter, Amsterdam as the Centre of World Trade (1605) ref1

isochrony ref1, ref2

Italy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14

Jacobites ref1, ref2

James I of England ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

court of ref1, ref2

James II of England ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Jansen, Zacharias ref1, ref2

Jeffreys, George ref1

Jersey, HMS (ship) ref1, ref2

Jesuits ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Jews ref1

Sephardic ref1, ref2

Johan Maurits, Count of Nassau-Siegen ref1, ref2

Jones, Inigo ref1

Jordaens, Jacob ref1

Journal des Sçavans ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Jupiter ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

equatorial stripe ref1

moons of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

kenners ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Kent, William ref1

Kepler, Johannes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

kinetic energy, conservation of ref1, ref2

Kircher, Athanasius ref1

‘The Ecstatic Journey’ ref1

Kneller, Godfrey ref1

Koerbagh, Adriaan ref1

Koerbagh, Johannes ref1

La Hire, Philippe de ref1

land creation schemes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Lange Houtstraat residence, The Hague ref1, ref2

Lanier, Nicholas ref1, ref2

Lansbergen, Philippus ref1, ref2, ref3

Laplace, Pierre-Simon ref1

Le Clerc, Jean ref1

Le Tellier, François-Michel ref1

Leeuwenhoek, Anthoni ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

calculus of ref1, ref2

and Huygens’s Traité de la Lumière ref1, ref2, ref3

and the laws of motion ref1

and monadism ref1

and Newton ref1, ref2

and Papin ref1

unmarried ref1

Leiden ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17

Leiden University ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Leidse Meer ref1

Lely, Peter ref1

l’Enclos, Ninon de ref1

lens-grinding ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25

mechanized ref1

lenses ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

bead ref1, ref2, ref3

biconcave ref1

and the Campani brothers ref1

chromatic aberration ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

concave ref1, ref2, ref3

convex ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

cycloid ref1

and Descartes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

elliptical ref1, ref2

focal distance ref1

of the human eye ref1

hyperbolic ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

microscope ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

objective ref1, ref2, ref3

paraboloid ref1

planoconvex ref1, ref2

spectacles ref1, ref2, ref3

spherical ref1, ref2, ref3

spherical aberration ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

standardized ref1

Lieberghen, Diederik ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Lievens, Jan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

light ref1, ref2

Descartes on ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

diffraction ref1

and Dutch ‘Golden Age’ painting ref1, ref2

and Hooke ref1, ref2

Huygens on ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

Newton’s corpuscular theory ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Rembrandt’s use of ref1, ref2

speed of ref1, ref2

splitting into colours ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

as a wave ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

see also optics; refraction

Lipperhey, Hans ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Locke, John ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

logarithms ref1, ref2, ref3

London ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34, ref35, ref36, ref37

longitude, determination at sea ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

Louis XIV of France ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

assumes government (1661) ref1

and Cassini ref1

and Descartes ref1

and Huygens ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

finance minister of ref1

and the French Academy of Science ref1, ref2, ref3

and the magic lantern ref1, ref2

marriage ref1

and Orange ref1

and the persecution of French protestants ref1

and war against the Netherlands (1672) ref1, ref2, ref3

Louvre

chapel of ref1

fire ref1, ref2

rebuilt ref1, ref2

Low Countries ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

see also Dutch Republic; Holland; Netherlands

lutes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

magic lanterns ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

manganese ref1

Maria Elisabeth, Princess of Hohenzollern ref1

Maria Theresa of Spain ref1

Marienburg (Malbork) ref1, ref2, ref3

marine chronometers ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

maritime trade (Dutch) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Mars ref1, ref2

life on ref1

rotational period of ref1

Marvell, Andrew ref1, ref2, ref3

Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange ref1, ref2

Mary II of England ref1, ref2, ref3

mathematics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22

see also algebra; geometry; probability theory

Maurits of Nassau, Stadholder Prince ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

mean-tone temperament ref1, ref2

mechanics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Medway River, Dutch Raid on (1667) ref1, ref2

Meibomius, Marcus ref1

Mercator, Gerard ref1, ref2, ref3

mercury ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Mercury, transit across the Sun ref1, ref2, ref3

Mersenne, Marin ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and Beeckman ref1

and Christiaan’s education ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

death ref1, ref2

and Margaret Cavendish ref1

and music ref1, ref2, ref3

and the speed of sound ref1

spreads word of Christiaan’s talent ref1

and van Schooten ref1

methane ref1, ref2

Metius, Adriaan ref1, ref2, ref3

Metius, Jacob ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

microscopes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

and Christiaan Huygens ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

and Constantijn Huygens (junior) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and Constantijn Huygens (senior) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and Descartes ref1

and Drebbel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and Leeuwenhoek ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

and Swammerdam ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Middelburg ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Milky Way ref1

mind

and the body ref1, ref2, ref3

and matter ref1

Mirkinius, Abraham ref1

Moivre, Abraham de ref1

monadism ref1

Monmouth Rebellion ref1

Monteverdi, Claudio ref1, ref2

Montmor academy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Montmor circle ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Moon ref1, ref2, ref3

Moray, Sir Robert ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

motion

Descartes and ref1, ref2

Huygens and ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Newton’s laws of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

perpetual motion machines ref1, ref2

relative ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Muiden Castle ref1

Muiden Circle ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

Münster, Peace of ref1

Murano glass-makers ref1

music ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

and algebra ref1

chords ref1, ref2

and the division of musical octaves ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and fifths ref1, ref2

and intervals ref1, ref2, ref3

and pitch ref1, ref2

and temperament ref1, ref2

tuning systems ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Muziekgebouw concert hall, Amsterdam ref1

Myddelton, Jane ref1

Mylon, Claude ref1, ref2, ref3

Namur, Siege of ref1

Napier, John ref1

National Aeronautical and Space Administration (NASA) ref1, ref2

natural philosophers/philosophy ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21

nature ref1, ref2

laws of ref1, ref2

Navigation Act (1651) ref1

Neile, Sir Paul ref1

Netherlands ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18

see also Dutch Republic; Holland; Low Countries

Netscher, Caspar ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Neuchâtel ref1

Newton, Isaac ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

annus mirabilis ref1

and anomalous suspension ref1

antitrinitarian ref1

cenotaph/tomb ref1

commemoration/glorification ref1

and the corpuscular theory of light ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

cult of ref1

and Descartes ref1, ref2, ref3

desire to be provost of King’s College ref1

epitaph ref1

and fluxions/calculus ref1, ref2, ref3

and gravity ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

and Huygens ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19

laws of motion ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and Leibniz ref1

Opticks ref1, ref2

predecessor at Cambridge ref1

Principia Mathematica (1687) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

reflecting telescope of ref1

and refraction ref1

theory of colours ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

unmarried ref1

Nijenrode Castle, nr Utrecht ref1

Noordeinde, The Hague ref1

North Sea ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Ogle (later Swann), Utricia ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Oldenburg, Henry ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and air pumps ref1, ref2

and Boyle ref1, ref2

cosmopolitanism ref1

death ref1

and Huygens ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

and the Royal Society ref1

and Spinoza ref1, ref2

optics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and Descartes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and Drebbel ref1

and Huygens ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22

and Newton ref1, ref2

see also light

Orange, House of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

Orange, Provence ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Orangists ref1, ref2, ref3

organ music ref1, ref2, ref3

Osborne, Dorothy ref1

oscillation, centres of ref1, ref2, ref3

Oude Kerk, Scheveningen ref1, ref2

Ovid ref1, ref2, ref3

Oxford ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Palladio, Andrea ref1, ref2, ref3

Papin, Denis ref1, ref2

parabolas ref1, ref2, ref3

Pardies, Ignace-Gaston ref1

parhelia ref1

Paris ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30, ref31, ref32, ref33, ref34, ref35, ref36, ref37, ref38, ref39, ref40, ref41, ref42, ref43, ref44, ref45, ref46

Paris Observatory ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Parliament (English) ref1, ref2

Pascal, Blaise ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

patents ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

pendulums ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22

Pepys, Samuel ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

percussion, centres of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Pergens, Maria Magdalena ref1

perpetual motion machines ref1, ref2

Perrault, Charles ref1, ref2

Perrault, Claude ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Perrault, Pierre ref1, ref2, ref3

Perriquet, Marie ref1, ref2

perspective (artistic) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Petit, Marianne ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Petit, Pierre ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Philip II of Spain ref1, ref2, ref3

Philosophical Transactions (journal) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Phrenological Journal ref1

physics ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

see also acceleration; force; gravity; light; mechanics; motion

Placentinus, Johannes ref1

plague ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

planetary orbits, elliptical ref1, ref2

Pope, Alexander ref1

popular science ref1

Post, Pieter ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Prague ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Priestley, Joseph ref1

Prince Rupert’s drops (Batavian tears) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

printing ref1, ref2, ref3

probability theory ref1, ref2, ref3

Protestants ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

French persecution ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Irish ref1

Pythagoras ref1, ref2, ref3

quadrature (squaring) ref1

quantum mechanics ref1

rainbows, Huygens on ref1

Raphael ref1, ref2

‘ratio of sines’ ref1

Reeves, John ref1

reflection, optical ref1

refraction, optical ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15

and Al-Hazen ref1

birefringence (double refraction) ref1

cause of ref1

and Iceland spar ref1

and light as a wave ref1

and the ‘ratio of sines’ ref1

sine law of ref1

relative motion ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Rembrandt ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

The Anatomy Lesson of Dr Tulp ref1

Danaë (1636) ref1

De Brillenverkoper (1624) ref1

Repentant Judas Returning the Pieces of Silver (1629) ref1

Satire on Art Criticism (1644) ref1, ref2

surviving correspondence ref1, ref2

The Blinding of Samson (1636) ref1

The Night Watch ref1

use of light ref1, ref2

Renaissance ref1, ref2, ref3

Reserve, HMS (ship) ref1

Reynolds, Joshua ref1

Richelieu, Cardinal ref1, ref2

Rijsbrack, Jan Michiel ref1, ref2

rock crystal (silica) ref1

Rohault, Jacques ref1, ref2

Rome ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Rømer, Ole ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Romph, Christiaan ref1

Rotterdam ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Roubiliac, Louis-François ref1, ref2

Royal African Company ref1

Royal Charles, HMS (flagship) ref1

Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences ref1

Royal Society of London ref1, ref2, ref3

and the air pump ref1

and Anthoni Leeuwenhoek ref1

and the balance-spiral clock ref1, ref2

best practice of ref1

and the calculation of longitude at sea ref1

and Fatio de Duillier ref1

founding members ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and the French Academy of Sciences ref1, ref2

and the ‘Glorious Revolution’ ref1, ref2

and Hooke ref1

and Horologium Oscillatorium ref1

Huygens considers bequeathing documents to ref1, ref2

Huygens’s election to (1663) ref1, ref2, ref3

Huygens’s lectures for ref1, ref2

and the laws of motion ref1

and Leeuwenhoek ref1, ref2, ref3

and London’s dominance of science ref1

and Montmor’s academy ref1, ref2, ref3

and Newton ref1

and Oldenburg ref1, ref2, ref3

Philosophical Transactions (journal) ref1, ref2, ref3

and Prince Rupert’s drops ref1, ref2

and Pepys ref1

and telescopes ref1

template for ref1, ref2

and Thuret ref1

Rubens, Peter Paul ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor ref1

court of ref1

Ruisdael, Jacob van ref1, ref2, ref3

Rupert of the Rhine, Prince ref1

Sachariassen, Johannes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Saenredam, Pieter ref1

Sagan, Carl ref1, ref2

St Paul’s Cathedral ref1, ref2

Saint-Denis, Battle of ref1

Sainte Catherine (ship) ref1

Salomons, Flora/Floris ref1

sand ref1, ref2, ref3

Saturn ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20

axis of ref1

Cassini’s moons ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

De Saturni Luna Observatio Nova ref1

ellipsoidal hypothesis ref1

exploration of ref1

first moon discovered (Titan) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13

ring(s) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17

Systema Saturnium ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

‘torrid Zone’ hypothesis ref1

Scamozzi, Vincenzo ref1, ref2

Schama, Simon ref1, ref2

Scheveningen ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

science

Dutch as language of ref1

historiography ref1

international networks of ref1

popular ref1

transcendence of national borders ref1, ref2, ref3

Scientific Revolution ref1, ref2

Sea-Beggars ref1

Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) ref1, ref2

Seghers, Daniel ref1

sight ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

sine ref1, ref2

‘ratio of sines’ ref1

Sint-Jacobskerk, The Hague ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Sirius ref1

Six, Jan ref1

Snellius (Snel van Royen), Rudolph ref1

Snellius (Snel van Royen), Willebrord ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Eratosthenes Batavus ref1

Snell’s law ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

solar eclipses ref1

solar system ref1, ref2, ref3

Copernican ref1

heliocentric theory ref1

spherical bodies theory ref1

Somer, Jehan ref1

Sorbière, Samuel de ref1

soul ref1, ref2

separation from the body ref1, ref2

Spain ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

and the Dutch Revolt ref1

and France ref1

Habsburg ref1

Jewish exodus ref1

and the measurement of longitude at sea ref1

Spanish, the ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Spanish Armada ref1

‘Spanish Fury’ ref1

Spanish Inquisition ref1, ref2

Spanish Netherlands ref1, ref2

spectacles ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

spermatozoa ref1, ref2, ref3

spherical aberration ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Spinola, Ambrogio ref1, ref2

Spinoza, Baruch ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Ethics ref1, ref2, ref3

and the Huygens brothers ref1, ref2, ref3

and Johannes Hudde ref1

and lens-grinding ref1, ref2, ref3

and knowledge ref1

spyglasses ref1, ref2

stadholder, defined ref1n

Stadholderless Period ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Stampioen, Jan ref1, ref2

States General ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

steam digester ref1

steam engines ref1, ref2

Sterne, Laurence, Tristram Shandy ref1

Stevin, Simon ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11

Beghinselen der Weeghconst (‘Principles of Weighing’) ref1

De Thiende (‘The Tenth’) ref1, ref2

and musical theory ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

and optical projection ref1

polymath ref1

Van de Deursichtighe (‘Perspective’) ref1

submarines ref1

surveys, geographical ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Swammerdam, Johannes ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Swann, William ref1

Sweelinck, Jan ref1, ref2

Synod of Dort (Dordrecht) ref1

Syrtis major ref1

tautochrone ref1

Teatro Olimpico, Vicenza ref1, ref2

telescopes ref1, ref2, ref3

binocular ref1

Campani’s ref1

and comets ref1

contemporary ref1

and Descartes ref1

Drebbel’s ref1, ref2

early models ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

of Hevelius ref1

and Huygens ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19, ref20, ref21, ref22, ref23, ref24, ref25, ref26, ref27, ref28, ref29, ref30

Newton’s ref1

reflecting ref1

and Sir Paul Neile ref1

Temple, John ref1

Temple, Sir William ref1, ref2

Teniers, David, II ref1, ref2

The Gamblers ref1, ref2

Testelin, Henri, Colbert Presents to Louis XIV . . . ref1

Texel ref1, ref2, ref3

Thames River ref1, ref2

theorbos ref1, ref2

Thévenot, Melchisédech ref1, ref2

Thuret, Isaac ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Titan ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12

exploration of ref1

Tompion, Thomas ref1, ref2

Torricelli, Evangelista ref1, ref2, ref3

Torricellian tube ref1, ref2

tractrix curve ref1

Trinity College ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

tritone chord ref1

Tschirnhaus, Ehrenfried von ref1

tulips ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Tulp, Nicolaes ref1

2001: A Space Odyssey (film, 1968) ref1

United Provinces ref1, ref2, ref3

Utrecht ref1, ref2

Utrecht University ref1

vacuums ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

van Campen, Jacob ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

van den Hove, Martin (Hortensius) ref1

van den Vondel, Joost ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

van der Haghen, Govert ref1, ref2, ref3

van Dijk, Grietje (Christianus Constans) ref1

van Dorp, Dorothea ref1

van Dyck, Antoon ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Iconography ref1

van Gutschoven, Gérard ref1, ref2

van Honthorst, Gerard ref1

van Hoogstraeten, Samuel ref1, ref2

van Hooren, Willem Janszoon ref1

van Keppel, Arnold ref1

van Mierevelt, Michiel ref1

van Oldenbarnevelt, Johan ref1

van Oosterwijck, Maria ref1

van Schooten, Frans ref1

van Schooten, Frans (The Younger) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

and Descartes ref1

and probability ref1, ref2, ref3

van Schurman, Anna Maria ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Venice ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Venus ref1

Vermeer, Jan ref1, ref2

The Geographer ref1

View of Delft ref1, ref2

Vermuyden, Cornelis ref1

Vernon, Francis ref1, ref2

Versailles, Palace of ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

Verulamius see Bacon, Sir Francis

Vinnius, Arnold ref1

viola da gamba ref1

Visscher, Anna Roemers ref1, ref2, ref3

Visscher, Maria Tesselschade Roemers ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8

Visscher, Roemer ref1, ref2

Vitruvius ref1, ref2, ref3

Vliet canal ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Voltaire ref1, ref2, ref3

Voorburg ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

Voorhout residence, The Hague ref1, ref2, ref3

vortices, Cartesian ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

Vos, Jan ref1

Vossius, Isaac ref1, ref2, ref3

Voyager space probes ref1

Wallis, John ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9

water features ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

water-flow meters ref1

Westminster Abbey ref1

Whitehall Palace ref1, ref2

Wilhelmina of the Netherlands ref1

William I, Prince of Orange (William the Silent) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10

proclaims ‘Religious Peace’ ref1

William II, Prince of Orange ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

William III, Prince of Orange, King of England, Scotland and Ireland ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15

Constantijn senior’s work for ref1

and the ‘Glorious Revolution’ ref1, ref2, ref3

Huygens granted audience with ref1

Huygens seeks place on the council of ref1

and the Irish campaign ref1

and Newton’s election to provost of King’s College ref1

rumours of homosexuality ref1

smallpox ref1

William of Ockham ref1, ref2

Wotton, Henry ref1, ref2

Wren, Christopher ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Young, Thomas ref1

Zeeland ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

Zeelhem ref1

zeilwagen (sand-yacht) ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Zierikzee ref1

Zoetermeer ref1, ref2

Zuerius, Catharina ref1, ref2

Zuiderzee ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

Zuilichem estate, Gelderland ref1, ref2