INDEX
A
Abimelech 65
Abraham 14 , 37 , 42 –55 , 58 , 185 ; Amorite origins of 37
Acco 114
Achad Ha’am 190
Achziv 137
Ahab 14 , 30 , 102 , 110 , 113 , 115 , 118 –19 , 130 –31 , 149 , 162 –63 , 170 –71
Aharoni, Yohanan 63 , 85 , 88 , 94 , 121 , 176 , 193
Ahiram, king of Byblos 137
‘Ai 39 , 53 –54 , 61 –62 ; conquest of 191
‘Ain Dara 128
‘Ajlun 86
Albertz, Rainer 175
Albright, William F. 10 , 28 , 31 , 42 , 53 , 57 , 61 , 74 , 85 , 88 , 130 , 160
Aleppo 127
Amarna Age 105 , 138 –39 , 144 , 150
American Schools of Oriental Research 32
Amman 89
Ammon 47 , 78 –79 , 112 , 136 , 161 , 175
Ammonites 37 , 74 , 77 , 95 , 97 , 105 , 135 , 179 ; David’s wars against 136
Amorite Hypothesis 43
Amorite personal names 39 , 58
Amurru. See Amorites Anati, Emmanuel 194
Anatolia 43 , 96 . See also Turkey
Ancient Near East 1 , 13 , 23 , 28 , 32 –33 , 45 –47 , 51 , 73 , 75 , 79 , 103 , 127 , 162 , 166 , 171 , 173 , 184 , 188
Aqaba 134 ; Gulf of 10 –11 , 116 , 184
Arabah Valley 97 , 133 , 136 , 161 , 168
Arabia 46 , 48 , 60 , 134 , 153 . See also Trade, Arabian
Arabic language 23
Arad 39 , 53 , 61 , 63 , 121 , 125 , 136 , 151 , 155 , 165 , 168 , 176 , 194 ; temple at 176
Arad Valley 97
Aram-Damascus 14 , 47 , 112 , 144 –45 , 149 –52 . See also Damascus
Arameans 45 , 58 , 105 , 135 , 137 –38 , 152 , 179
Architecture 26 , 159 , 174 ; Canaanite 97 ; monumental 149 ; Omride 150 ; palace 104 , 129 ; Philistine 96 ; Phoenician 162 ; pillared house 87 , 89 , 98 ; proto-Israelite 81 ; public 87 , 166 ; royal 162 ; of rural sites 150 ; Solomonic 109 , 130 –31
Arnon River 98
Asa 163
Ashdod 18 , 96 , 110 , 135 , 153 , 171
Asher, tribe of 86
Ashtori Haparchi 23
Ashurbanipal 14
Asia Minor. See Anatolia
Assur 127
Assyria 14 –16 , 23 , 30 , 52 , 54 , 111 , 115 , 144 –45 , 154 , 166 –67 , 171 , 173 ; army of 116 , 170 , 173 ; conquest of Israel by 119 , 154 , 161 , 171 ; empire of 37 , 48 ; emporia of 153 ; inscriptions of 8 , 172 , 173 ; records of 48 , 183 ; rule of 49
Avaris 59
B
Baal 91 ; as theophoric element 175
Babylon 52
Babylonian conquest 174
Babylonian period 174
Babylonians 188
Bala‘am Ben Be‘or 98
Bamoth 91
Barkay, Gabriel 178
Baruch son of Neryah 174
Battle of Gilboa 149
Battle of Qarqar 149 –51 , 162 , 170 –71
Bedouin 42
Beer-sheba 44 , 46 , 49 , 74 , 110 , 115 , 121 , 136 , 152 –55 , 166 , 170 , 176 , 194 –95
Beer-sheba valley 16 , 51 , 77 , 97 , 133 , 151 , 153
Beeswax 25
Ben-Tor, Amnon 63
Beni Hasan 43
Benjamin 85
Benjaminite 70
Beth-shean 23 –24 , 27 , 64 , 89 , 96 , 114 , 121 , 124 , 149 , 163 , 170 –71 , 194
Beth-shean Valley 64 , 96 , 121
Beth-shearim 193
Beth-shemesh 121 , 132 , 151 –52 , 164 , 166
Beth Aven 62
Bethel 23 , 44 , 49 , 54 , 58 , 62 , 91 , 147 –49 , 154 , 176 , 185 ; temple at 155
Beth Horon 124
Biblical archaeology 5 , 7 , 12 , 21 , 25 , 28 , 31 –34 , 42 , 57 , 61 , 85 , 108 , 169 , 184 , 187 , 193 , 195
Blessings of Jacob 29
Broshi, Magen 167
Byt bamot 176
C
Caesarea 23
Calah 48
Callaway, Joseph 94
Canaan 38 –39 , 42 –45 , 51 , 57 –58 , 63 –64 , 73 –74 , 76 , 83 , 93 , 119 , 139 , 148 –51 ; conquest of 10 , 41 , 53 –54 , 57 , 73 , 187
Canaanites 40 , 51 , 69 , 90 ; cities 86 –87 , 94 , 97 , 139 ; culture 25 , 70 , 96 ; society 94 ; tribes 39
Carmel coast 96
Carmel ridge 96
Catacombs 193
Central hill country 53 , 75 –82 , 85 –89 , 91 , 93 –94 , 104 , 124 , 139
Christian church 23
Christian communities 78
Chronology; Iron Age 25 ; Judean 160 , 165 ; of Arad 176
City of David 113 , 127 , 129 , 151 –53 , 164 –65 , 172 , 174
Clines, David 52
Collared-rim jars 70 , 77 –78 , 89 , 98 ; and ethnic identity 89
Conquest narratives 8 , 10 , 13 , 16 , 21 , 30 , 38 –39 , 41 , 53 –55 , 57 , 59 , 61 –65 , 70 , 73 –74 , 184 –85 , 187 , 190
Copper mines 98 ; at Feinan 136 . See also Timna‘
Cross, Frank M. 95
D
Damascus 14 , 18 , 137 –38 , 150 . See also Aram-Damascus
David 7 –8 , 14 –15 , 18 –19 , 21 , 30 , 107 –40 , 156 –57 ; conquests of 135 , 138 –39
David and Solomon 58 , 108 , 122 . See also United Monarchy; as model of kingship 107 ; golden age of 13 , 185 , 187 ; historicity of 14 , 27 , 107 –23 , 138 –39 , 147 , 190 ; kingdom of 115 , 123 , 135 ; kingship of 28 ; narratives of 101 , 107 –16 , 135 , 156 , 186 ; period of 101 , 117 , 125
Davidic dynasty 11 , 74 , 155 –56 , 183 , 188
Deir ‘Alla 98
Deportees 154
Deuteronomistic Historian (DtrH) 15 –16 , 30 , 53 , 83
Deuteronomistic History 5 , 8 –10 , 13 –15 , 17 –18 , 29 , 41 , 115 , 118 , 144 –45
Deuteronomistic ideology 54 , 73
Dever, William G. 11 , 32 , 74 , 94 , 111 , 175
Divided monarchy 21 , 147 –57 , 159 –80
Documentary Hypothesis 9
Donkeys 43
Dothan 163
Drake, Jamieson 119
E
Early Iron Age Dating Project 122
Edom 48 , 51 , 61 , 71 , 95 , 98 , 136 , 153 , 161 , 168 , 175 –76
Edomites 37 , 51 , 74 , 95 , 97 , 105 , 135 , 168 , 179
Egypt 38 –39 , 52 –53 , 96 , 108 –9 , 111 , 116 , 143 , 161 , 171 ; Fifteenth (Hyksos) Dynasty 58 –59 ; New Kingdom 10 , 52 , 58 –60 , 105 , 124 , 139 , 148 –49 ; Nineteenth Dynasty 59 ; Saite Dynasty 52 ; slavery in 21 , 60 , 185 , 187 ; sojourn in 59 , 95 ; sources 23 ; Twenty-sixth Dynasty 116
Egyptians 60 , 71 , 94 , 124 , 133 , 139
‘Ein el Qudeirat. See Kadesh-barnea
Ekron (Tel Miqne) 16 , 96 , 135 , 153 , 161 , 168 , 171 , 174 , 179
Eliezer 44
Elijah 30
Elisha 30
Ellenblum, Ronnie 78
Elon Beth Hanan 132
Emar 58
Emeq Refaim 81
Ephraim 65 , 85 , 88 , 148 –49
Ephraimite hills 70
Esarhaddon 14
Et-Tell. See ‘Ai
Ethnicity 51 , 77 , 91 –93 ; and collared-rim jars 89
Ethnography 78
Eusebius 23
Exodus narratives 8 , 10 , 13 , 21 , 30 , 38 , 41 , 51 –55 , 57 , 59 –65 , 95 , 185 , 187 , 190
F
Faunal remains 79 , 90 ; fish bones 165
Female figurines 177
Finkelstein, Israel 94
Fortification systems 170
Four-room house 70 , 77 –78 , 87 , 89 , 97 , 133
Frankish communities 78
Franks 78
French Annales school 15 , 79 , 185
Friedman, Richard 50
G
Gad 97
Galilee 70 , 85 –87 , 89 , 91 , 93 , 96 , 114 , 138 ; conquest of 6 , 161 , 171 ; Sea of 177
Garstang, John 61
Gath (Tell es-Sáfi) 7 , 18 –19 , 96 , 121 , 135 , 152 , 161 , 170
Gemaryahu son of Shaphan 174
Gender archaeology 26
Genesis, book of 41 –42 , 45 –46 , 48 , 50 –51 , 57 –58
Geographical Information System 22
Geshur 138
Gezer 11 , 45 , 64 , 93 , 102 –3 , 105 , 108 , 110 –12 , 121 , 130 –31 , 139 , 150 , 163
Gibeon 23 , 53 , 124 , 143 –45 , 147 –49
Gibeon tunnel 170
Gihon spring 127 , 151 , 153 , 165 , 170
Ginsburg, Asher 189
Gordon, Cyrus 44
Gottwald, Norman 94
Greece 25 , 33 , 163 ; hoplite armor 19 , 116
Groningen University 121
Guy, P. L. O. 108
H
Hagar 133
Haifa 89
Halpern, Baruch 13
Hanan 132
Hasel, Michael 93
Hasmonean Judea 12
Hazael, king of Aram-Damascus 6 , 14 , 29 , 30 , 102 –3 , 112 , 115 , 119 , 139 , 144 –45 , 149 –52 , 169
Hazevah 168
Hazor 24 , 28 , 39 , 45 , 53 , 55 , 62 , 89 , 102 –3 , 108 , 111 –12 , 114 , 121 , 130 –31 , 144 –45 , 149 –51 , 163 , 171 , 194 ; conquest of 63 , 191 ; water system at 170
Hebrew Bible 1 , 7 –9 , 13 –14 , 16 , 21 –23 , 28 –30 , 33 , 39 , 42 , 53 , 55 , 61 , 97 –98 , 101 , 107 , 117 –18 , 135 , 144 , 148 –49 , 155 , 169 , 173 , 175 –76 , 187 –88 , 190
Hebrew inscriptions 105
Hebron 44 , 49 , 51 , 58 , 61 , 89 , 172
Hellenistic period 5 , 7 , 12 –13 , 172
Herr, Larry 98
Herzl, Theodor 192
Heshbon (Tell Hesban) 39 , 53 , 61 , 63 , 79 , 98
Hezekiah 14 –16 , 144 –45 , 155 , 166 –67 , 171 –73 , 176
Hezekiah’s tunnel 170
Hinnom Valley 179
Hiram of Tyre 115
Hoffman, Yair 52
Hoffmeier, James 61
Horse breeding 115
Horvat Qitmit 168
House of David (bytdwd) 6 , 14 , 51 , 101 , 114 , 139 , 161 , 164 , 170
House of Omri (bit omri) 14 , 103 , 113
Hulah valley 87
Hurwitz, Avi 14
Hyksos period 58
I
Iran 33
Islam 173
Israel; archaeology in 28 , 33 ; a people called 39 ; God of 183 , 187 , 188 ; origins of 79 –83 , 94 –98 , 191 . See also Northern Kingdom
Israel Antiquities Authority 193
Israel Stele. See Merneptah stele Issachar 86
’lzbet 
artah 88
J
Jacob 42 , 47 , 49 , 51 ; Jacob-Israel 47
Jadeite state 83
Jebusites 92
Jehoash 152
Jehochal 174
Jehoiakim 174
Jehoshaphat 163
Jeremiah 174
Jeremiah, book of 174
Jerusalem 49 –50 , 55 , 77 , 87 , 108 , 126 , 144 –45 , 147 –49 , 151 , 153 –54 , 161 , 164 , 171 , 179 , 188 . See also Temple; Jerusalem; archaeology of 112 –13 , 115 , 117 , 121 , 125 , 129 , 132 , 151 , 164 , 170 , 177 , 194 ; Armenian quarter 167 ; centrality of cult in 13 , 15 , 19 , 115 , 155 ; Christian quarter 167 ; composition of biblical text in 11 , 187 ; coup in 152 ; David’s conquest of 107 ; Davidic dynasty in 14 , 74 , 107 –8 , 112 , 156 , 188 ; demography of 16 , 153 , 160 , 167 ; destruction of 167 ; fall of 15 , 174 , 188 ; Jebusite 92 ; Jewish quarter 167 , 172 ; Judean 116 ; literacy in 17 ; Middle Bronze Age 45 , 58 ; Old City 167 , 172 ; scribal activity in 12 –13 ; Sheshonq’s invasion of 139 , 148 ; siege of 15 , 164 , 173 ; temple library in 8
Jewish Diaspora 192
Jezreel 103 , 113 –14 , 121 , 144 –45 , 148 –51 , 162 –63 ; rock-cut moat 162
Jezreel Valley 64 , 70 , 74 , 77 , 89 , 96 , 108 , 114 , 124 , 149 –50 , 161 , 171
Jibleam 64
Jordan River 94
Jordan Valley 86 , 124 , 150 , 161
Joshua, book of 38 –39 , 61 , 63 , 65 , 69
Joshua’s altar 90
Josiah 7 , 52 , 54 –55 , 115 –16 , 178 , 188 ; religious reform of 176
Judah 7 , 12 –20 , 38 , 41 , 47 , 49 –50 , 54 , 73 , 85 , 103 , 112 , 118 –19 , 132 –33 , 139 , 150 –51 , 153 , 155 , 157 , 160 –61 , 165 –66 , 168 , 171 , 177 , 179 , 185 , 186 , 188 ; conquest of 119 ; demography 154 ; destruction of 167 ; growth of 152 –57
Judahite monarchy 37
Judean hills 70 , 77 , 82 , 85 , 115 , 161 , 164 , 168 ; demography of 166
Judeo-Christian tradition 37
Judges; deeds of the 8 , 30 ; period of the 21 , 25 , 73 , 85 , 92 ; stories of the 16
Judges, book of 38 , 69 , 73 , 88 , 191
K
Kadesh-barnea 48 , 52 , 60 , 63 , 133 , 168
Kaphtor (Crete) 97
Karnak 124
Kemosh 175
Ketef Hinnom amulets 169 , 178 –79
Khirbet al-Mudayna al-‘Alyiah 98
Khirbet el-Kom 175
Khirb et el-Marj ameh 171
Khirbet Medeineh eth-Themed 110 , 150
Khirbet Sailun. See Shiloh
Kidron Valley 125
Killebrew, Ann 95
Kings, books of 14 , 30 , 119 , 152 , 162
Kitchen, Kenneth 28
Kültepe 43
L
Laban 47
Labayu 105 , 138 –39 , 144 –45 , 150
Lachish 13 , 24 , 39 , 53 , 62 , 87 , 132 , 151 , 155 , 160 , 164 , 167 , 169 , 171 , 173 –74 , 177 , 194
Lahun 98
Land of Goshen 59
Late monarchic period 63 , 191
Lebanon 96
Lemche, Niels Peter 29
Levant 52 , 59 , 95 , 116 , 123 , 149 –51
Levine, Israel 190
Levy, Thomas 98
Lot 47
Low Chronology 114 , 119 , 121 –23 , 125 , 132 , 137
M
Maeir, Aren 152
Manasseh 14 , 15 , 16 , 54 , 65 , 86 , 97 , 131 , 166 , 168 , 186
Material culture; Canaanite 115
Maximalists 10 –12 , 101 , 107 , 160
Mazar, Benjamin 28 , 45 , 57 , 58 , 63 , 95 , 105 , 193
Mazar, Eilat 92 , 104 , 125 , 151 , 164
Mediterranean Sea 24 , 46 , 161 ; ports 153
Megiddo 13 , 24 , 45 , 64 , 96 , 102 –3 , 105 , 108 –14 , 119 , 123 –24 , 130 –31 , 139 , 144 –45 , 149 –51 , 163 , 171 , 177 , 188 , 194 ; Palace 6000 110 ; stables 102 , 170 –71 ; The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago excavations at 108 –9 , 129
Mendenhall, George 94
Merneptah stele 30 , 39 , 69 , 74 , 93
Mesha of Moab 29 , 103 , 115 ; inscription 8 , 30 , 144 –45
Mesha stele 14 , 30 , 97 , 111 , 149 –51
Mesopotamia 42 , 43 , 48 , 108 , 161
Metsad 
ashavyahu 179
Metsudat Zion 127
Midian 95
Midianites 95
Milkom 175
Millard, Allan 129
Minimalists 12 –14 , 101 , 160
Mizpah (Tell en-Na
beh) 92
Moab 47 , 64 , 78 –79 , 94 , 98 , 110 –12 , 136 , 149 –51 , 161 –62 , 175
Moabites 37 , 64 , 74 , 95 , 97 , 105 , 135 , 179
Modified Conventional Chronology 103 , 121 , 123 , 131 , 164
Moses 14 , 50 , 60 , 95 , 185 , 187
Moza 166
Mt. Gilboa 149
Muslim communities 78
Myths 74 , 155 , 185 ; Canaanite 177
N
Nahor 49
Naphtali, tribe of 86
Negev 24 , 60 , 70 , 87 , 89 , 91 , 96 , 133 , 139 , 159 , 161 , 164 –65 , 168 , 176 , 194
Negev highlands 63 , 125 , 136
Nelson, Richard 54
Neo-Assyrian period 48
New Archaeology 27
New Biblical Archeology 33
New Kingdom 60
Nile Delta 60
Noah’s ark 194
Nomadization 83
Northern Kingdom 14 –16 , 19 –20 , 47 , 49 , 52 , 54 –55 , 73 , 103 , 112 –13 , 115 –16 , 118 , 135 , 144 –45 , 148 –54 , 157 , 162 –64 , 173 , 175 , 177 , 185 –87 ; Assyrian conquest of 119 , 154 , 161 , 171 ; refugees from 167
Noth, Martin 49
Numbers, book of 63
O
Ofer, Avi 166
Olive-oil production 77 , 153 , 159 , 168
Omri 14 , 102 , 113 , 118 , 120 . See also House of Omri
Omride dynasty 103 , 115 , 118 –19 , 123 , 144 –45 , 149 –52 , 162 , 164
Ophir 134
Oral tradition 17 , 30 , 59 , 62 , 148 –49
Ostraca 16 , 159 ; Lachish 169
P
Pan-Israelite ideology 15 , 61 –62 , 103 , 112 , 144 , 157
Passover 187
Pastoralism 77
Patriarchal narratives 13 , 21 , 37 –38 , 41 –55 , 57 –65 , 185 , 190
Patriarchs, period of the 10 , 44 , 46 , 57 , 185
Pentateuch 10 –11 , 14 –15 , 17 , 41 , 50 , 58 , 65
Penuel 88
Persian period 5 , 7 , 12 –13 , 41 , 154
Petrie, Sir Flinders 27
Philistia 79 , 89 , 96 –97 , 110 , 119 , 135 , 150 , 174 , 177 ; cities of 136
Philistine cities 45 –46 , 135 , 161 , 166 , 171
Philistine culture 25 , 70 , 89 , 96
Philistines 7 , 18 , 45 , 58 , 95 , 97 , 105 , 107 , 135 , 144 , 156 , 179 ; Aegean traditions of 96
Phoenicia 24 , 97 , 136 –37 , 161 , 163
Phoenician culture 96
Phoenicians 95 , 105 , 136 , 179
Pi-Ramesse 59
Pigs 96 ; consumption of 70 , 79 , 93 ; in faunal remains 79
Pithom 187
Pottery 77 –79 , 78 , 91 –93 , 135 ; Aegean 53 ; Assyrian 172 ; burnished 11 , 111 , 151 ; Canaanite 89 , 96 ; Edomite 77 ; Euboean 137 ; mass-produced 153 ; Midianite 77 ; nomadic 133 –34 ; Philistine 77 ; Phoenician 137 ; Phoenician-influenced 163 ; pithoi 89 ; production of 164 ; red-slipped 11 , 111 , 151 ; Tyrian 96
Priestly benediction 178
Promised Land 50
Proto-Israelites 74 , 77 , 79 –81
Q
Qaus 175
Qedarites 48
R
Rabbath Ammon 136
Radiocarbon dating 103 , 123 , 172
Ramat Rahel 167
Ramesses II 39 , 51 , 59 , 93 , 95 , 185
Red Sea 60 –61 , 134 , 168 , 175
Rehoboam 120 , 132 , 148 –49 , 163
Robinson, Edward 23
Rowton, Michael 76
S
Sahab 98
Saite period 38
Sam‘al 129
Samaria 13 , 82 , 85 , 102 , 113 , 144 –45 , 148 –51 , 154 , 157 , 161 –63 , 168 , 171 , 177 , 185
Samarian hills 70 , 77 , 86 , 91 , 150 , 161
Samuel, books of 7 , 11 , 18 –19 , 115 –16 , 191
Sass, Benjamin 137
Saul 8 , 21 , 30 , 107 , 124 , 143 –45 , 148 –49 , 156 , 186
Saulide chiefdom 143 –44 , 148
Saulide dynasty 148 –49 , 155 –57
Schniedewind, William 13
Scribal activity 12 –13 , 38 , 105 , 135 , 157
Seal impressions 16 , 153 , 159 , 169 , 174 , 191 ; Phoenician-style 165
Seals 16 , 153 , 191 ; royal 172 ; stone-inscribed 169
Sea Peoples 96
Second Temple Judaism 187
Second Temple period 125
Sedentarization 75 , 79 , 81 –83
Seir. See Edom
Sennacherib 14 –15 , 54 , 154 , 171 –73 , 188 ; invasion of 164 , 173
Serug 49
Seti I 60
Settlement (Israelite) 38 , 70 , 83 , 85 –92 , 187 ; Mendenhall-Gottwald social revolution theory 69 , 75 ; military conquest theory 53 , 69 , 74 ; peaceful infiltration theory 69 , 75
Shalmaneser III 14 , 102 –3 , 110 , 115 , 144 –45 , 149 –51 , 162 , 170 ; Black Obelisk of 162
Sheba; land of 134 ; queen of 116 , 138 –39
Shechem 44 –45 , 49 , 58 , 64 –65 , 86 , 88 , 90 , 105 , 127 , 139 , 144 –45 , 150 , 154 , 163
Shemer, Naomi 190
Shephelah 16 , 54 , 89 , 132 , 135 , 151 –54 , 161 , 164 , 168 , 173 , 175
Sheshonq I (Shishak) 102 , 109 , 111 –12 , 118 , 120 , 123 –24 , 133 , 139 , 143 –45 , 147 –49 ; list of 104 , 124 –25 , 139 , 143 –45 ; raid of 123 –24
Shiloh 6 –7 , 17 –18 , 23 , 81 , 90 , 92
Shiloh, Y. 92
Sihon 63 ; Amorite kingdom of 61
Silberman, Neil Asher 18
Siloam tombs 153
Sinai 24 , 48 , 52 ; routes through 60
Sinai desert 59
Sinai peninsula 60
Six-chambered gate 102 , 132 , 165
Smith, Morton 15
Solomon 8 , 10 –12 , 14 , 19 , 21 , 23 , 30 , 102 , 107 –40 , 156 –57 , 188 ; Golden Age of 52 , 109 ; kingdom of 124 ; wisdom of 138 –39
Somalia 134
Song of Miriam 29
Southern Kingdom 16 , 54 , 144 –45 , 152 . See also Judah
Speiser, Ephraim 44
Stepped Stone Structure 113 , 125 –27 , 151 , 174
Storm god 177 ; of Aleppo 137 –38
Story of Sarai and Hagar 44
Suez canal 61
Sukenik, Eleazar 192
T
Taanach 64 , 124 –25 , 150 , 163 , 177
Tadmor, Hayim 173
Tamar. See ‘Ein Hazevah
Tauta 137 –38 . See also Toi, king of Hamath
Tayma. See Tema
Tebez 88
Tel ‘Ira 110
Tel Aviv University 108
Tel Batash. See Timnah
Tel Dan 14 , 87 , 89 , 92 , 102 , 105 , 111 , 115 , 139 , 152 , 163 , 171 , 177 , 194 ; inscription 6 , 8 , 30 , 101 , 111 , 114 , 149 –52 , 162 , 164 , 166 , 170
Tel Harassim 87
Tel Haror 46
Tell Beit Mirsim 153 , 164 , 166
Tell Deir ‘Alla 168
Tell el-Far‘ah (Tirzah) 163
Tell el-Kheleifeh 10 , 133 –34 , 184
Tell el Hama 124
Tell e
-
âfi. See
Gath (Tell e
-
âfi)
Tell Tayinat 128
Tel Re
ov 24
–25
, 27
, 64
, 96
, 103
, 114
, 121
, 124
–25
, 163
, 165
, 170
–72
, 177
Tema 48
Temple; of Amun at Karnak 60 , 109 , 118 , 120 ; at Arad 176 ; in Jerusalem 13 , 15 , 19 , 29 , 50 , 54 , 91 , 128 –29 , 155 , 176 , 178 , 183 , 188 ; at Tel Dan 176 ; Yachin and Boas 128
Temple Mount 125 , 127 –28 , 155
Terah 49
Thutmosis III 58
Tiglath-pileser III 115 , 153 , 171
Timna‘ 98 , 134 . See also Copper mines
Timnah (Tel Batash) 24 , 27 , 87 , 97 , 121 , 132 , 160 , 174
Tirzah (Tell el-Far‘ah) 171
Toi, king of Hamath 137 –38 . See also Tauta
Tombs; of the Patriarchs 51 ; rock-cut 153 ; Siloam 153
Trade 78 , 136 , 159 , 168 ; Arabian 16 , 46 , 48 , 116 , 153
Transjordan 39 , 43 , 49 , 60 , 63 , 70 , 75 , 77 –79 , 87 , 91 , 93 –95 , 97 –98 , 104 , 134 , 138 –39 , 148 –49 , 161
Tufnell, Olga 160
Tyre 96 , 135 –37 , 163 ; king of 163
Tyropoeon Valley 125 , 153 , 167
U
United Monarchy 9 –13 , 19 , 42 , 101 –3 , 105 , 107 –40 , 147 –49 , 152 , 161 , 163 , 191 . See also David and Solomon
Ussishkin, David 125 , 132 , 160 , 165
Uzziah 163
V
Valley of Succoth 98
Van Seters, John 58
Velikowsky, Emmanuel 194
W
Wadi ‘Ara 86
War of Independence 31
Weizmann Institute 25 , 114 , 122
Wellhausen, Julius 5 , 45 –46 , 189
Western Hill 16 , 125 , 153 , 160 , 167
Y
Yadin, Yigael 28 , 53 , 57 , 61 , 63 , 102 , 105 , 109 –12 , 130 –31 , 193
Yahweh 21 , 49 , 71 , 95 , 175 –77
Yahwi (proper name) 71
Yarmuth 61
Yenoam 93
Yoqne‘am 114 , 123 , 163 , 171
Z
Zakovitz, Yair 190
Zebulun 86
Zedekiah 174
Zertal, Adam 86 , 88 , 90 , 94
Zevit, Ziony 175
Zinjirli. See Sam‘al
Zion 187
Zionism 192