National Domestic Violence Hotline, 311, 386, 711, 714
National Endowment for the Arts, 578
National Family Caregiver Support Program, 575
National Gay and Lesbian Health Foundation, 87
National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, Policy Institute of, 96, 558
National Herpes Resource Center, 297
National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, 572
National HPV and Cervical Cancer Prevention Resource Center, 300
National Human Genome Research Institute, 802
National Human Trafficking Resource Center, 792
National Indian Child Welfare Association, 315
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), 392
National Institute of Justice, 702
National Institute on Aging, 575
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 305, 389, 535, 543, 625, 645, 674
National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference on Vaginal Birth After Cesarean, 663
National Institutes of Health (NIH) State-of-the-Science conference (2005), 533
National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health (NLIRH), 773
National Lead Information Hotline, 733
National Lesbian Health Care Survey, 87
National Library of Medicine, 568
National Network of Abortion Funds, 320, 322
National Network to End Domestic Violence, 714, 719
National Nurses United, 769
National Organization for Women (NOW), 583
National Osteoporosis Foundation, 529
National Partnership for Women & Families, 583
National Research Center for Women and Families, 55, 606
National Resource Center on LGBT Aging, 558
National Senior Citizen’s Law Center, 558
National Sexual Violence Resource Center (NSVRC), 703, 711
National Society of Genetic Counselors, 599
National Task Force on Girls and Women in the Media, 69
National Vaccine for Children (VFC) program, 277
National Violence Against Women Survey, 701
National Vulvodynia Association, 187, 636
National Women’s Health Center, 525
National Women’s Health Information
Center, 305, 543, 557, 559, 664, 700, 710
National Women’s Health Network, 543, 644, 664
National Women’s Law Center, 583, 655, 771
Native Americans, see American Indians
Naturally Occurring Retirement Communities (NORC), 568
Natural Resources Defense Fund, 819
nausea, 24, 184, 228, 231, 245, 290, 305, 484, 622
abortion and, 331
emergency contraception and, 252, 253
pregnancy and, 309, 337, 380, 403
Navajo Nation, 733
Nebraska, abortion in, 345
needle sharing, 81, 284, 300, 302
neighborhoods, neighbors, 758, 764
safety in, 708
talking to, 752–53
Nelson, Ben, 775
Nelson, Margaret, 574
Nepal, 824–25
nerve block, 515
nerves, nervous system, 157, 732, 734, 738
Netherlands, 627
Network for Surviving Stalking, 720
Network of East-West Women, 784–85
newborns, 290, 421–24, 730, 743
breastfeeding of, 423–24, 435–46
crying of, 421
death of, 427
first hours and days and, 424
mother separated from, 380, 435
New Hampshire, 771
New Left Project, 59
Newman, Amy, 777
New Moon, 65
New Moon Girls, 818
New Our Bodies, Ourselves, The, 339
newsletters, for health information, 559
New View Campaign, 59
NewViewCampaign.org, 156
New View of Women’s Sexual Problems, A (Kaschak and Tiefer, eds.), 156, 182
New York (state): abortion in, 340
environmental problems in, 739, 742, 754, 755–56
New York Academy of Medicine, 644
New York City, 59, 69, 706, 726, 748, 754, 809
Condom Availability Program in, 273
lead poisoning in, 732–33
New York City Anti-Violence Project (AVP), 705
New York Committee for Occupational Safety and Health (NYCOSH), 749
Nguyen, Connie, 751
Niagara Falls, N.Y., 739, 754, 755–56
Nigeria, 526–27, 782, 797–98, 797
night sweats, 304, 506, 510, 513–16, 536
911 calls, 714
nipples, 13, 16, 17, 82, 154, 507, 564
breastfeeding and, 439, 440, 441–42, 443, 445
discharge from, 590
sensitivity of, 309
sore, 441–42
nitrofurantoin, 642
NOAH (New York Online Access to Health), Women’s Health, 664
Nomani, Asra, 150
“no means no” phrase, 163
nonmedical birth control, 246–51, 255
breastfeeding, 249
fertility awareness method, 27, 28, 248–49, 255
Nonoxynol-9 (N-9), 186, 221–22, 223, 268
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), 26, 331, 443, 512, 612, 645
Norberg-Bohm, Craig, 694
norepinephrine, 513n
norethindrone acetate, 542
Norris, Holly, 61
North American Menopause Society (NAMS), 534, 543
North Carolina, 748
nose reshaping (rhinoplasty), 54
notification laws, abortion and, 323, 343
Novarel, 484
NovaSure, 613
NOW, Love Your Body campaign of, 71
Nubain, 414
nucleic acid amplification DNA test (NAAT), 291, 293
nurse-practitioners, 286, 658, 673, 679
nurses, 366, 393, 412, 566, 748
breastfeeding and, 440
sexual assault, 706
Nursing Freedom, 454
nursing homes, 567, 569, 570, 572, 710
Nussbaum, Susan, 192
Obama, Barack, 122, 697, 760, 770, 774–77, 785
postmenopausal, 593
risks of, 68
objects, objectification, 57, 141, 693, 817
obsessive-compulsive disorder, 67, 455, 456
obstetrician-gynecologists, 366, 519, 658
occupational health, see environmental and occupational health
Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. (OSHA), 728, 733
ochronosis, 47
Odette, Fran, 193
“Offensive Feminism” (Filipovic), 164
Office on Women’s Health, U.S., 581
Breastfeeding Helpline of, 438
Ohio, sex education in, 765
oil-based lubricants, 177, 178, 213, 214, 268
diaphragm and, 220
female condom and, 215
Ojanen-Goldsmith, Alison, 727
old age, 547–83
advocacy and, 581–83
body image and, 549–50
caregiving and, 572–77
common chronic diseases and, 556–57
decline of poverty in, 761
elder abuse and neglect in, 575–76, 693–94, 711
end-of-life care and, 571–72
going it alone in, 554
guidelines for sexual and reproductive health care in, 557–60
health and, 554–60
health and legal decisions and, 571
health information sources for, 559
household help and long-term care and, 570–71
LGBT, 558
living fully in, 577–83
Medicare basics and, 569–70
navigating health care and, 566–68
new, 548–50
physical changes that affect sexuality in, 562–64
planning ahead in, 568–72
preventive measures and, 555–56
recommended reading for, 551, 564, 573, 577
relationships and, 550–54, 564
retirement and Social Security in, 568
sexuality and, 560–66
sexual pleasure in, 561, 565–66
Older Americans 2010 (U.S. government report), 566
Older Americans Act (1965), 579
Old Lesbians Organizing for Change, 550
oligomenorrhea, 26
oophorectomy, 169, 506, 524, 529, 599, 621, 626, 630–32
cysts and, 620
long-term risks of, 631
self-help and, 633–34
sexuality and, 631–32
OpEd Project, 811
Operation Rescue, 340
opioids (narcotics), 414–16, 418
oral herpes, 263, 294, 295, 296
oral sex, 169, 173, 185, 215, 565, 721
safer sex and, 263–64
spermicides and, 222
Oregon Environmental Council, 740
O’Reilly, Bill, 809
Orenstein, Peggy, 64–65
Organic Birth (Davis and Pascali-Bonaro), 425
Organization of Teratology Information Specialists, 392
orgasm, 112, 113, 154–62, 168, 517, 631
breastfeeding and, 450
clitoris and, 5–6, 156–59, 177
effects of medications and hormones on, 188, 189
fantasies and, 174
intercourse and, 155, 159, 172
lack of, 158–59
male, 147
missing of, 157–58
multiple, 158
pornography and, 180
power and, 147
simultaneous, 158
Orgasm Answer Guide, The (Komisaruk, Whipple, Nasserzadeh, and Beyer-Flores), 156
Orgasm Inc. (documentary), 183
orthopedic surgeons, 567
Osher Lifelong Learning Institutes, 578
osteoarthritis, 543
osteoporosis, 522, 523, 543, 556, 558–60, 596
diet and, 527–30
marketing of, 531
Osteoporosis International, 530
Ostlin, Piroska, 777
ostomy, 196
Our Bodies, Ourselves: Pregnancy and Birth, 382
Our Bodies, Ourselves, foreign adaptations of, 32, 48, 48, 492, 492, 526, 527, 718, 784–87, 784, 786, 791, 797, 797
Our Bodies Ourselves, 805, 807
Our Bodies Ourselves Global Initiative, xii
ourbodiesourselves.org, resource section of, 158
Our Stolen Future (Colborn, Dumanoski, and Meyers), 754–55
“Outing Age 2010,” 558
ovarian cancer, 225, 241, 559, 597–98, 599, 620–21, 805
diagnosis of, 620–21
medical treatment for, 621, 629, 630
risk factors for, 620
in trans men, 83
ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), 485
ovarian reserve testing, 482–83
ovaries, 11, 11, 477, 538, 619–21, 637, 640
cysts or tumors on, 187, 225, 232, 233, 619–20
midlife and late-life value of, 629–30
in perimenopause and menopause, 506, 508, 510
PID and, 621
rectovaginal exam and, 41
removal of, see oophorectomy
sex hormones produced by, 11, 15
of trans men, 82
overprotective behavior, 712
Ovidrel, 484
desire and, 189
drug stimulation of, 499
emergency contraception and, 256
FAM and, 27, 28, 29, 248, 249–50
hormones and, 17
pain during, 622
PID and, 622
suppression of, 223, 224, 231, 232, 234, 238, 450, 487
of trans men, 82
vaginal wetness and, 8
ovulation predictor kits, 27
OWL, the Voice of Midlife and Older Women, 581
oxychlorsene sodium, 645
synthetic, see Pitocin
Pacific Islanders, 301, 762, 781
pain, 193
abortion and, 325, 327–28, 331, 332, 334, 336–37
anal intercourse and, 174
birth control pills and, 228
management in labor of, 394–97
postpartum, 432
during sexual activity, 33, 34, 172, 174, 185–88, 516–17, 557, 620, 624, 635, 636, 643, 646
suffering vs., 411
see also specific parts of body
painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC), 643–45
Paltrow, Lynn M., 815
pancreatic cancer, 597
Pandagon, 119
panic, panic attacks, 134, 149, 455, 456, 514, 698
panic button, remote control, 134
pansexual, 84
Pap tests, 87, 277, 284, 288, 512, 610, 612, 615–18, 619, 628, 630, 654
disparities in, 680
HPV and, 40, 298, 299, 766, 794
in old age, 558
photos of, 10
pregnancy and, 378
results of, 41
for trans men, 82
ParaGuard IUD (Copper T), 238–42, 238, 253, 254, 255
parasitic infections, 258, 279
parenting, considering, 349–58
deciding not to have a child and, 355
decision making and, 354–55
influences on, 353
issues from childhood and, 354
paths to parenthood and, 356–58
support and, 358
thinking about, 350–52
parenting classes, 377
parenting support groups, 454
Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG), 90
parents, parenting:
early months of, 429–60
ethics of ART and, 408–9
HPV vaccine and, 616
teen abortion and, 323, 340, 343
teen use of birth control and, 207, 208
see also fathers; mothers, mothering
Parker, Pat, 91–92
Parkinson’s disease, 668
Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act (PBA), 344
partners:
elder abuse and, 575
multiple, 276, 293, 299, 304, 562
parenting considerations and, 353
safer sex and, 263, 269, 270–71
STIs and, 276, 281, 288, 289, 304, 623
unplanned pregnancy and, 312–13
anal, 173–74
desire discrepancies in, 169
erection-enhancing drugs and, 172–73
fantasies and, 174–75
oral, 173
role-playing, sadomasochism, bondage and discipline and, 175–77
self-pleasuring during, 170–71
vaginal penetration in, 171–72
Partners for Livable Communities, 570
Pascali-Bonaro, Debra, 425
patch, see contraceptive patch
Patent and Trademark Office, U.S. (USPTO), 805
patents, 805
patient advocates, 677–78, 682
patient assistance programs, 680
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA; 2010), 534, 569, 651, 653–55, 687, 759, 770–77
abortion and, 653, 655, 773–77
breastfeeding and, 446, 772–73
consumer protections in, 772
expansion of coverage in, 771–72
increase in access and, 681
quality improvements and lower costs in, 772–73
where it falls short, 773
Paycheck Fairness Act, 583
PCBs, see polychlorinated biphenyls
PCR test, 307
Peace Corps, 342
peanut allergy, 540
peanut oil, 540
pectoral muscles, 588
pelvic exams, 37–42, 82, 612, 628, 635, 640
abortion and, 329
birth control and, 218, 224, 225, 239
postpartum, 434
pregnancy and, 378
after rape, 707
sexual abuse and, 41–42
virginity and, 39
pelvic floor muscles, 9, 563, 635, 636, 646–47
pelvic floor physical therapy, 187
pelvic infections, 240, 241, 244, 630
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 187, 477, 614, 621–25, 628, 756
birth control and, 197, 225, 226, 233, 235, 237
causes of, 622
diagnosis of, 623
ectopic pregnancy and, 466
female genital cutting and, 281
medical treatments for, 623, 628
prevention of, 622
self-help for, 624
STIs and, 278, 290, 291, 304, 621–25, 766
symptoms of, 622
pelvic organ prolapse, 559
pelvic organs:
female (side view), 11
male, 206
pelvic or genital pain, 33, 34, 612, 631, 643
pelvic relaxation, 629, 646–47
pain deep in, 187
sexual response and, 154
spinal cord injuries and, 157
Pempengco, Charice, 54
penis, 73, 83, 159, 168, 174, 187, 631
bulb of, 206
clitoris compared with, 6
condom use and, 213
DES and, 628
glans of, 206
oral sex and, 173
size of, 186
vaginal infection and, 186
withdrawal method and, 246–47, 259
yeast infections and, 639
see also erections
Pennsylvania, abortion in, 344
pentosan polysulfate sodium, 645
People for Community Recovery, 754
perception, body image and, 46–47, 53, 57
Perfect Girls, Starving Daughters (Martin), 69–70
Pergonal, 484
perimenopause, 17, 21, 26, 177, 186, 505–46, 588, 595
abnormal uterine bleeding at, 611, 612
activity and movement in, 523
birth control in, 512–13
complementary/alternative treatments for, 532–33
conclusion for, 545–46
cultural and personal contexts of, 507–10
defined, 506
desire and, 189
finding the right health care provider and, 533–34
hot flashes and night sweats in, 513–15
how to tell if you’ve reached, 508–10
HT in, 534–42
insurance and access to health care in, 534
mood changes in, 509, 510, 519, 522
nonhormonal medical treatment options in, 534–35
safer sex in, 521
seeking care and treatment for discomforts of, 532–35
sexual desire and satisfaction in, 519–21
signs of, 510–12
sleep disturbances in, 515–16
taking care of ourselves during, 522–523, 527–32
urinary changes and, 518–19
vaginal changes in, 516–19
Western medicine and, 533
perineal body, 5
pain in, 432
period, see menstruation, menstrual cycle
peritoneum, 11
peritonitis, 622
persistent genital arousal disorder, 154
persistent organic pollutants (POPs), 729, 737, 738, 739, 742
persistent pulmonary hypertension, 391
personal protective equipment (PPE), 731, 750
Personhood USA, 815
Pesticide Action Network, 738
Pesticide Action Network UK, 756, 757
pesticides, 18, 625, 728, 731, 735–36, 738, 739, 752, 753
in Bhopal, 756–57
effects at home and abroad of, 745–46
reduction of community exposure to, 736
Peterson, Latoya, 701
Pethidine, 414
Pfizer, 537
pharmaceutical companies, 25, 156, 391, 534, 550, 569, 618, 768
birth control and, 210
drug testing of, 798–99
female sexual desire and, 182–83, 184
patient assistance program of, 680
research studies and, 559, 668
pharmacies, 217, 222, 233, 255, 306
checking on drug prices among, 680
compounding, 184, 185, 540, 541
safer sex and, 266
Pharmacy Compounding Accreditation Board, 541
PhD in Parenting, 454
phenobarbitol, 228
phenytoin, 228
Philippines, 329
phosphorus, 529–30
Photoshop, 46
physical abuse, 150, 158, 523, 692, 700
domestic violence and, 709, 711, 713
pregnancy and, 386
physical activity, see exercise; movement
physician assistants, 286, 658, 679
physicians, 286, 366, 378, 393, 402, 413, 566
constraints on, 557
infertility and, 481
questions for, 368
see also specific specialists
Physicians’ Desk Reference, 521
Physicians for a National Health Program, 770
Physicians for Social Responsibility, 753
Pierce, Tamora, 119
Pill, the, 189, 205, 224–29, 235, 254
condoms used with, 202, 225, 228
as emergency contraception, 229
health concerns and, 227–28
how to use, 225–27
safety of, 226
switching from, 238
vaginal ring compared with, 231
Pima, 762
pinkwashers, 820–21
Pioneer Network, 583
Pitocin, 334, 369, 406, 408–9, 417
placenta, 20, 421, 467, 469, 484, 734
Planned Parenthood, 34, 207, 208, 217, 286, 679, 682
abortion and, 318
unplanned pregnancy and, 311
Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 342, 344
plastic, 819–20
plastics, 18, 597, 739, 740, 742
plastic surgery, see cosmetic surgery
plateau stage, 154
pleasure, loss of interest in, 456, 520–21
pleasure, sexual, see sexual pleasure
pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP), 304
POI, see premature ovarian insufficiency
Polaris Project, 792
police, 95, 286, 692, 696, 705, 714
state, 709
politics of women’s health, 758–807
abortion and, 337, 340, 341–42, 773–77
aging and, 581–83
conflicts of interest and, 762
disparities and, 761–65
around the globe, 777, 779–801
of HT, 535–37
reproductive health and, 765–67
safer sex and, 271
in United States, 535–37, 581–83, 758–79
Polo Ralph Lauren, 59
polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), 729, 730, 735, 737, 742
polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), 477, 647–50
polyps:
cervical, 614
pop culture, relationships and, 64, 100, 120, 123
POPs, see persistent organic pollutants
pornography, 57–60, 116, 175, 179–80, 723
positron emission mammography (PEM), 591
post-abortion stress syndrome (PASS), 318
post-abortion syndrome (PAS), 318
postadoption depression, 455
postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), 286
postmenopausal women, 177, 186, 189, 595
birth control and, 512
breast pain in, 588
endometrial cancer in, 610
health insurance and, 534
hormone treatments in, 80
hot flashes in, 515
limits of phrase, 549
sexual desire and satisfaction in, 519–20
sleep disturbances in, 515–16
social infertility and, 475
STIs and, 280
urinary tract infections, 640
vaginal dryness in, 516–17
vulvitis in, 634
weight gain and, 597
Western medicine and, 533
see also old age
postovulatory infertile phase, 27
postpartum mood disorders, 434, 455–59
getting help for, 457
signs of, 456
treatment of, 457–59
who is at risk for, 457
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 149, 374, 392, 684, 763
abortion and, 318
violence and, 698
potassium, 530
potassium sorbate, 638
poverty, 93, 95, 272, 646, 760–61, 764, 768, 822
abortion and, 317
health care reform and, 771
sex work and, 723
teen mothers and, 314
violence and, 694
in doctor-patient relationship, 673, 676
environmental conditions and, 744–75
relationships and, 111, 124–26
social influences and, 147–48
violence and, 692–93, 693, 710
Power and Control Wheel, 693
power of attorney, durable, 571
Precautionary Action, 754
Precautionary Principle, 731
preexisting condition, 768, 772
Pre-Existing Condition Insurance Plan (POIP), 771, 775–76
pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), 303, 800
pregnancy, 20, 34, 227, 359–97
after abortion, 318
advocacy and, 815
affairs and, 130
after birth control use, 210–11, 228, 233, 235, 242
birth control use after, 227, 434, 450
bleeding in, 26
books about, 360
cervix and, 10
choosing a practitioner and birth place in, 362–67
“climate of confidence” and, 360
desire and, 189
disparities in health and, 763–64
domestic violence and, 710–11
ectopic, see ectopic pregnancy
emergency contraception and, 251, 252–53, 256
environmental toxins and, 734, 735, 736, 741, 746, 748–49, 756
estrogen and, 189
fibroids and, 608
health risks of, 210
high-risk, 383–84
incarceration and, 684
without intercourse, 310
in late thirties or forties, 385
Medicaid and, 379, 654, 680, 768
menstrual cycle and, 17, 19, 20, 21
molar, 467
multiple, 19, 468, 484–87, 489, 497, 498
patch and, 230
physical and emotional changes in, 360–62
POI and, 525
Rh factor and, 323n
rights of women during, 375–76
smoking and, 763
spermicides and, 222
sterilization and, 244
STIs and, 285, 290–94, 296, 299, 301, 302, 304, 796, 798
teenage, see teen pregnancy
as temptation, 203
of trans men, 82
urinary incontinence and, 642–43
urinary tract infections and, 640, 641
vaginal wetness and, 8
yeast infections and, 638
see also childbirth; labor; maternity care; prenatal care
pregnancy, unplanned, 204, 250, 308–46, 361n, 759, 771–72
carrying to term and, 313–15
deciding what to do about, 311–13
delayed realization of, 312
facts about, 310
finding honest information about, 311
lowering your risk of, 209
see also abortion
pregnancy loss, 461–73
coping with, 471–73
dealing with the remains in, 465, 470
disparities in, 471
multiple-gestation, 468
after prenatal diagnosis of abnormalities or impairments, 468
recommended reading for, 463
recurrent, 466
subsequent pregnancy and, 462, 466, 473, 474
types of, 462–71
see also ectopic pregnancy; miscarriage
pregnancy tests, 309–10, 311, 323, 466, 612
birth control and, 37, 225, 234, 235, 240, 256
emergency contraception and, 253
Pregnyl, 484
preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), 488, 491
preimplantation genetic screening (PGS), 491
prelabor, signs of, 400–404
Premarin, 517, 519, 535, 537, 538, 542, 545, 668
premature birth, 293, 378, 639, 728, 740, 742, 764
breastfeeding and, 441
premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), 477, 524–25
premenstrual changes, 23–24, 25
premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), 25
premenstrual syndrome (PMS), 25, 225, 457, 510–11, 522
Prempro, 536, 537, 539, 542, 668
prenatal care, 372, 374, 376–92, 424, 469
Centering Pregnancy and, 378
childbirth classes and, 377, 383
disparities in, 680
first visit in, 377–80
frequency of visits and, 376
for pregnant women without health insurance, 379
questions to consider about testing and, 382–83
refusing tests and, 381
special considerations in, 383–92
time crunch in, 658
preovulatory infertile phase, 27
prepuce (foreskin), 206
President’s Cancer Panel (POP), 728, 730
President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), 796, 798
“Preventing Falls and Broken Bones,” 529
preventive care, 772
Preventive Services Task Force, U.S. (USPSTF), 299, 557, 591, 592, 594, 762, 776
primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), 21
Prior, Jerilynn, 508, 510, 512, 544
prisons, see incarceration
Procter & Gamble, 184
Profasi, 484
Professional Compounding Centers of America, 541
progesterone, 11, 482, 536, 610, 626
abortion and, 325
bioidentical micronized, 539–40, 544
in menstrual cycle, 19, 20, 27, 29, 223, 511, 588, 649
in perimenopause, 508, 510–12, 515, 516, 518, 522, 539–40, 545
progesterone cream, 540–41
in birth control pills, 223, 224, 251
in emergency contraception, 252, 253
in HT, 531, 536, 537, 540, 541, 542
in long-acting methods, 229, 613
in osteoporosis treatment, 531, 532
perimenopause and, 511–12, 519
in vaginal ring, 231
progestin allergies, 237
progestin-only birth control, 197, 223
see also Depo-Provera; implants; minipills
progestogens, 539, 610, 611, 626
Progressive Women’s Voices Project, 812
Project Renewment (Bratter and Dennis), 577
proliferation phase, 20
pronouns, 76
prophylactics, see condoms
prostate cancer, 82
prostate fluid, 160
prostitution, prostitutes, 692, 723, 724, 790
protection orders, 711, 713, 715, 716, 720
protein, 530
Protestants, 317
proton pump inhibitors, 529
Provera, 537, 539, 540, 542, 626
Provider’s Guide for the Care of Women with Physical Disabilities and Chronic Medical Conditions, A (Smeltzer and Sharts-Hopko), 193
Prozac, 188, 392, 458, 515, 521
psychologists, 566
psychosis, postpartum, 455, 457, 458
early, 18, 593, 594, 597, 744, 754
of transsexual teens, 83
pubic arch, 420
pubic bone, 11, 39, 157, 219, 640
male, 206
body image and, 52, 57, 63, 116
removal of, 52
public breastfeeding, 445–46
public health, Precautionary Principle of, 731
Public Patent Foundation, 805
PubMed, 665
pubococcygeus (PC) muscles, 158, 563
purity balls, 143
Purity Myth, The (Valenti), 143
pushing (giving birth), 404, 407, 417–21
pyelonephritis, 640
Pyridium, 642
quadriplegia, 190
Quakerism (Society of Friends), 151
relationships and, 117, 119, 121, 139
queer communities, 76
queer discrimination, 94
queering, of black female heterosexuality, 145
race:
aging and, 542, 543, 545, 549, 566
cervical cancer and, 616–17
disparities in health status by, 761–63
violence and, 694–96
radiation therapy, 506, 524, 599, 600, 602, 603, 610, 619, 621, 627
radioactive materials, 437, 479
Raging Grannies International, 581
Rai, Aishwarya, 47
Raising Women’s Voices, 583, 655, 771
abortion and, 774, 775, 777, 786, 822
campus, 702–3
defined, 700–701
domestic violence and, 702, 710–11
doubts about, 704
fantasies of, 174–75
gray, 704
health care after, 42
incidence of, 691
legal considerations regarding, 708–9
medical considerations regarding, 705–7
of Native women, 696
pregnancy from, 342
reflections on consent and, 703
relationships and, 109, 132, 133, 135, 137
social influences and, 148, 150, 692, 693
statutory, 700n
by women, 705
of women of color, 695–96
Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network (RAINN), 311, 703, 705
rape crisis advocates, 705–6
rape crisis centers, 96, 700, 702
rape drugs, 704
rapid tests, for HIV, 306
rappers, 123
Rapunzel’s Daughters (Weitz), 71
after condom use, 214
patch and, 231
spermicides and, 222
“Real Sex Education” (Kulwicki), 164
Reclast, 532
recombinant bovine growth hormone (rBGH), 821
reconstruction, breast, 604–7
Reconstructionist Judaism, 151
recovery stage, 404
rectal exams, 707
rectovaginal exam, 41
rectum, 4, 9, 11, 11, 38, 39, 646, 647
abortion and, 334
blood in, 41
female condoms adapted for use in, 262
giving birth and, 418
male, 206
orgasm and, 154
STIs and, 290
Reform Judaism, 151
Refugee Medical Assistance, 681
refugees, 646, 681–82, 693–94, 790, 794
relationships, 99–139, 520, 636
adoption and, 358
aging and, 110, 137–38, 550–54
asexuality and, 152
asking for what we want in, 166
body image and, 114–19
children and, 113–14, 127–30, 354, 358, 449
elder abuse and, 576
eroticism and, 155
FSD and, 183
intimacy in, 109–12, 117, 138, 152, 449, 496
love and, 106, 107, 112–14, 122, 123
obstacles in, 131–32
participant bios and, 100–106
power disparities in, 124–26
preferred sexual enjoyment in, 110–12
singles and, 105
time lines of, 138–39
violence and, 132–35, 698, 702, 708
what are you looking for in, 106–9
relaxation, fertility and, 479
relaxation techniques, 497, 514
religion, 150–51, 271, 317, 694
Remifemin, 533
Replens, 517
reproductive endocrinologists (REs), 481
reproductive life cycle, stages in, 17–29
reproductive rights:
brief history of, 205
politics of, 773–77
reproductive technologies, 349, 466
see also assisted reproductive technologies
Repronex, 484
Republicans, Republican Party, 66, 771, 775
research cloning, objections to, 802–3
research studies, 665–69
do the results apply to you, 666
evidence-based medicine and, 667–69
finding, 665
recommended reading for, 665
resolution stage, 154
Resolve, 488
respiratory problems, 751
respiratory tract infections, 730, 756
restless leg syndrome, 516, 660
retinol, 529
retirement, 568, 579–80, 582–83
Return of Desire, The (Ogden), 155
rheumatic diseases, 195
rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 195, 524, 624
Rheumatrex, 197
Rh immune globulin, 466
RhoGAM, 323n
RH Reality Check, 777
ribs, 588
Ricart, Gladys, 726
Rights of Patients, The (Annas), 671
Rimso-50, 645
Rise of Viagra, The (Loe), 172
RISUG birth control method, 247
RNA, HIV in, 307
Road Scholar, 578
Robinson, Susan, 341
Rochester, University of, School of Medicine and Dentistry of, 572
Rodriguez, Taina, 192
Roeder, Scott, 808
Roe v. Wade, 340, 341, 344, 774, 823
relationships and, 105, 124, 132
Roman Catholicism, 150, 317, 336, 707, 784, 786
romance drive, 152
rooming in, 435
room sharing, 436
Rosalynn Carter Institute for Caregiving, 575
Ross, Carlin, 167
Ross, Loretta, 746, 755, 813–15, 814
Roye, Carol, 144
RU-486, see mifepristone
Running Strong for American Indian Youth, First Environment Collaborative, 745
rushed, risk-averse society, 373
Russia, 627
Russo, Ann, 724
Rutgers University, Center for Women’s Global Leadership at, 788
Rwanda, 789
Sachse, Jes, 61
sadomasochism (S/M), 175–77, 265
Safe Cosmetics Act (2010), 52
Safe Drinking Water Hotline, 733
Safe Food and Fertilizer, 754
Safe Mama, 740
safer sex, 31, 88, 257–73, 276, 282, 623, 683
activity-specific recommendations for, 262–65
basics of, 258
challenges to, 269–71
fluid bonding and, 266
HIV and, 302
myths about, 259
old age and, 565
in perimenopause and menopause, 521
reasons to practice, 258
school and community empowerment and, 271–73
talking about, 165, 166, 258, 260–61, 263, 271
Saint-John’s-wort, 228, 514, 533
saliva, as lubricant, 162, 171, 177
saliva tests, 248–49
Sambhavna Clinic, 757
same-sex couples, 349, 475, 552
same-sex marriage, 568, 573–74
views about, by generation, 118
Sanger, Margaret, 205
sanitary pads (sanitary napkins), 21, 641
Santoro, Geraldine, 339
Santoro, Nanette, 510
satisfaction, 155, 183, 184, 185
with birth experience, 411
sexual, 519–21
Saudi Arabia, 779
scabies (mites), 279
Schakowsky, Jan, 52
Scherrer, Susan, 151
Schiller’s test, 628
see also sex education
Science & Environmental Health Network, 731
Science of Orgasm, The (Komisaruk, Beyer-Flores, and Whipple), 156
scleroderma, 195
Scott, Gunner, 695
screening tests, fetal, 382
Seafood Health Alerts chart, 735
Seaman, Barbara, 536
sea sponges, 22
second opinions, 567, 599, 600, 620, 630
secretory phase, 20
seimo (sexual hair), 13
selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS), 532
body image and, 53–54, 56–57, 65, 66
Self-Help Group Sourcebook, 167–68
self-hypnosis, 413
self-image, breasts and, 11, 13
self-mutilation, 83
self-talk, 69
Sella, Shelley, 341
semen, 9, 29, 206, 213, 247, 622, 639
infertility and, 482
pregnancy and, 310
STIs and, 276
Semillas, 822
Sen, Gita, 777
Senate, U.S., 776
Senegal, 48
Senior Community Service Employment Program (SCSEP), 579
sentinel node procedure, 603
Septra, 642
Serbia, 718
Serophene, 484
sertraline, 188
Service and Advocacy for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual & Transgender Elders (SAGE), 558
Service Employees International Union, 769
sex, sexuality:
anal, see anal sex
aversion to, 185
avoiding, 35–36
body image and, 57
common understanding of, 72–73
continuum of, 560–62
effect of drugs and disease on, 521
hysterectomy, oophorectomy and, 631–32
in old age, 560–66
oral, see oral sex
partner, see partner sex
postpartum, 448–50
preferred enjoyment in, 110–12
recommended reading for, 564
recommended resources for, 167
safer, see safer sex
smart, 31
social influences on, see social influences on sexuality
surgical assignment of, 14–15, 75
twenty-first-century activism and, 817–19
unprotected, 147, 209, 213, 253, 255, 262, 283, 287, 309, 615, 767
unrealistic romance about, 203
violence and, 698
washing before, 641
“Sex, Stereotypes and Beauty,” 71
sex education, 143, 158, 167, 616, 701
disabilities and, 191–92
safer sex and, 271–73
STIs and, 282
teen pregnancy and, 765–66
see also estrogen; progesterone; testosterone
Sex Is Not a Natural Act and Other Essays (Tiefer), 564
sex reassignment surgery, 77, 157
sexting, 46
sex-toys parties, 167
“Sex Trade and Feminism, The” (interview), 724
sexual abuse, 41–42, 109, 116, 576, 684, 692
BDSM and, 176
of children and adolescents, 720–21
common reactions to, 698
disabilities and, 192
domestic violence and, 710–11
orgasm and, 158
postpartum mood disorders and, 457
relationships and, 132–37, 158
safer sex and, 263
social influences and, 148–50
sexual alarm system, 150
sexual and reproductive health, 30–43
consumer rights and, 36
getting care for, 33–34
where to get care for, 34
see also gynecological exam
sexual and reproductive organs, anatomy and physiology of, 4–16, 5, 6, 11, 16, 17
sexual arousal, 153–54, 157, 158, 169
breastfeeding and, 450
clitoris and, 5–6
vaginal wetness and, 8
sexual assault, 42, 132–35, 141, 576, 692, 721, 774
campus, 702–3
defined, 701
domestic violence and, 710–11
enthusiastic consent and, 163
fear of, 148
of immigrant women, 699
protecting ourselves and each other from, 708–9
recommended resources for coping with, 703
STIs and, 286
what to do if someone you care about experiences, 707
by women, 705
see also rape
sexual attraction, asexuality and, 151–52
sexual challenges, 181–97
aversion to sex as, 185
disability and chronic disease as, 189–97
effects of medications and hormones as, 188–89
painful intercourse/penetration as, 185–88
variations in desire as, 182–85
sexual dysfunction, definitions of, 156
sexual freedom, 205
sexual frustration, 692
sexual harassment, 148, 692, 693, 701, 722–23
sexual intercourse, 168, 250–51, 721
abortion and, 334–35
abstinence from, 143
diaphragm and, 219
FAM and, 28
female condom and, 216
frequency of, 209
pain during, 172, 185–88, 290, 516–517, 557, 620, 622, 635, 636, 643, 646
perimenopause and, 516–17
POI and, 525
positions for, 171–72, 449, 450
postpartum, 449–50
power and, 148
pregnancy without, 310
STIs and, 260, 280, 290–94, 623
sudden increase in, 639
vaginal corona and, 7
“Sexuality and Spirituality in Women’s Relationships” (Ogden), 564
Sexuality and U, 275
“Sexuality in Midlife and Beyond,” 562
“Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance” (CDC report), 280
sexually transmitted infections (STIs), 33, 41, 141, 274–307, 614, 615, 684, 759
biological factors in, 280–81
birth control as protection against, 201, 202, 207, 209, 211, 212, 214, 215, 216, 218, 250, 337, 615
birth control that fails to protect against, 223, 225, 231–34, 237, 240, 241, 242, 244, 246, 247, 248
connection between HIV and other, 279
curability of, 278–79
defined, 275–76
depression and, 392
infertility and, 278, 285, 290, 479
male responsibility and, 204
needle drug use and, 284, 300, 302
old age and, 565
PID and, 278, 290, 291, 304, 621–25
postexposure prophylaxis and, 286
preparing for health care visits and, 287–89
recommended reading for, 275
reporting requirements and, 289
research studies on, 666
safer sex and, see safer sex
social and cultural factors in, 281–84
symptoms of, 276, 278, 290–93, 296, 299, 301, 303–4
testing for, 261, 262, 271, 279–80, 284–86, 288, 290–93, 297, 299–300, 301, 304–7
toilet seats and, 276
transmission of, 276, 280, 283, 290–294, 299, 300, 302, 303
vaccination against, 271, 276, 277, 288, 298, 300, 307
where to go for care of, 285–86
see also specific infections
sexual orientation, 72, 84–96, 152
bisexuals and, 84–88
coming out and, 88–91
countering homophobia, heterosexism, and transphobia and, 94–96
gender identity confused with, 84–85
glossary for, 84
lesbian and bisexual experience and, 85
multiple identities and, 91–92
resources for LGBTQ youth and, 90
special health issues for lesbians and bisexual women and, 87–88
transgender and, 75
sexual pleasure, 153–80
brain and, 174
female ejaculation and, 159–60
masturbation and, 155, 158, 160–62, 164
models of sexual response and, 154–56
orgasm and, 154–62
power and, 147
recommended reading for, 156
recommended resources for, 167
see also enthusiastic consent
sexual response, models of, 154–56, 184
sex workers, 122
violence against, 699, 723–24, 789–90, 792
Sex Workers Project in New York, 723
Shaffer, Ellen, 776
birth control and, 202–3
orgasm and, 158
sluts and, 144–45
unplanned pregnancy and, 312
Shaping Youth, 65
Share Pregnancy & Infant Loss Support, 465, 470
Share the Care, 575
Share This! How You Will Change the World with Social Networking (Zandt), 812
Sharts-Hopko, Nancy, 193
Shelbourne Health Center, 82
Shepard, Peggy, 754
shower nozzles, masturbation and, 162
showers, 230, 244, 260, 413, 705
Sidibe, Gabourney, 47
SIECUS (Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States), 167
Silent Spring, 597
Silent Spring (Carson), 753, 820
Silent Spring Institute, 598, 599, 753–54, 820
silicone, 605
silicone implants, 55, 178, 605, 606
silicone lubricants, 178, 215, 220, 223
Silk-E, 517
Silver, Lee, 807
Silverberg, Cory, 193
Simkin, Penny, 411
Singapore, 594
single parenthood, 129, 130, 349, 459, 761
unplanned pregnancy and, 314
single women, 568, 574, 582, 768
social infertility and, 475
wants of, 105
SisterLove, 814
16 Days of Activism Against Gender Violence Campaign, 788, 822
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), 195, 624
Sjostrom, Lisa, 67
eczema and, 119, 447, 624, 637, 730
melasma and, 228
see also rashes
skin color, body image and, 47, 48, 50, 66
skin-lightening creams, 47, 48, 734
sleep, sleeping, 453
changes in, 456
disturbances of, 506, 510, 514, 515–16, 556
fertility and, 479
during labor, 420
lack of, 27, 183, 448, 457, 522
old age and, 556
Prometrium for, 540
after sex, 112
without underwear, 31
Sleeping Beauty, 64
Slippery Stuff, 517
slut shaming, 144–45
Smeltzer, Suzanne, 193
smoking, 436, 508, 516, 529, 606, 736, 780
birth control pills and, 210, 226
fertility and, 479
hot flashes and, 514
of lesbians, 87–88
pregnancy and, 763
Snow White, 64
SNRIs (serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors), 188, 197
social anxiety disorder, 660
social infertility, 475
social influences on sexuality, 140–52
celibacy and asexuality and, 151–52
growing up and, 141
power and, 147–48
religion and spirituality and, 150–51
violence and, 148–50, 692, 693
virginity and, 141–44
social media, 809–10, 816–17, 822
stalking and, 719
Social Security, 534, 568, 569, 582–83, 761
Social Security Trust Funds, 583
social service organizations, 454
social situations, safety in, 708
social workers, 679
Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART), 481, 490, 497
Society for Menstrual Cycle Research, 543
Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (SREI), 481
Sole-Smith, Virginia, 52
Solot, Dorian, 156
Somalia, 793
see also ultrasounds
sonohysterogram (saline infusion sonography), 612
soreness:
of nipples, 441–42
postpartum, 431
South Africa, 787, 788, 796–800
South Asia, 48, 646, 791–92, 794
South Korea, 804
soy milk, 447
soy products, 514, 532, 533, 613
SPARK Reproductive Justice NOW, 814
Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children, 379, 384
speculum:
provider’s use of, 38, 39, 40, 239
where to buy, 9
ART and, 486, 487, 488, 491, 493, 496, 500, 806
birth control and, 231, 232, 234, 238, 247, 253
freezing of, 486
healthy, 479
infertility and, 477, 479, 491, 493
in pre-ejaculatory fluid, 255
pregnancy and, 310
sperm banks, 82
sperm duct, 206