Contents

Preface and Acknowledgments

CHAPTER I. The Iconography of an Expectation

A PROLOGUE IN PICTURES

THE LADDER AND THE CONE: ICONOGRAPHIES OF PROGRESS

REPLAYING LIFE’S TAPE: THE CRUCIAL EXPERIMENT

Inset: The Meanings of Diversity and Disparity

CHAPTER II. A Background for the Burgess Shale

LIFE BEFORE THE BURGESS: THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION AND THE ORIGIN OF ANIMALS

LIFE AFTER THE BURGESS: SOFT-BODIED FAUNAS AS WINDOWS INTO THE PAST

THE SETTING OF THE BURGESS SHALE

WHERE

WHY: THE MEANS OF PRESERVATION

WHO, WHEN: THE HISTORY OF DISCOVERY

CHAPTER III. Reconstruction of the Burgess Shale: Toward a New View of Life

A QUIET REVOLUTION

A METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

THE CHRONOLOGY OF A TRANSFORMATION

Inset: Taxonomy and the Status of Phyla

Inset: The Classification and Anatomy of Arthropods

The Burgess Drama

Act 1. Marrella and Yohoia: The Dawning and Consolidation of Suspicion, 1971–1974

The Conceptual World That Whittington Faced

Marrella: First Doubts

Yohoia: A Suspicion Grows

Act 2. A New View Takes Hold: Homage to Opabinia, 1975

Act 3. The Revision Expands: The Success of a Research Team, 1975–1978

Setting a Strategy for a Generalization

Mentors and Students

Conway Morris’s Field Season in Walcott’s Cabinets: A Hint Becomes a Generality, and the Transformation Solidifies

Derek Briggs and Bivalved Arthropods: The Not-So-Flashy but Just-As-Necessary Final Piece

Act 4. Completion and Codification of an Argument: Naraoia and Aysheaia, 1977–1978

Act 5. The Maturation of a Research Program: Life after Aysheaia, 1979-Doomsday (There Are No Final Answers)

The Ongoing Saga of Burgess Arthropods

Orphans and Specialists

A Present from Santa Claws

Continuing the March of Weird Wonders

Wiwaxia

Anomalocaris

Coda

SUMMARY STATEMENT ON THE BESTIARY OF THE BURGESS SHALE

DISPARITY FOLLOWED BY DECIMATION: A GENERAL STATEMENT

ASSESSMENT OF GENEALOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS FOR BURGESS ORGANISMS

THE BURGESS SHALE AS A CAMBRIAN GENERALITY

PREDATORS AND PREY: THE FUNCTIONAL WORLD OF BURGESS ARTHROPODS

THE ECOLOGY OF THE BURGESS FAUNA

THE BURGESS AS AN EARLY WORLD-WIDE FAUNA

THE TWO GREAT PROBLEMS OF THE BURGESS SHALE

THE ORIGIN OF THE BURGESS FAUNA

THE DECIMATION OF THE BURGESS FAUNA

CHAPTER IV. Walcott’s Vision and the Nature of History

THE BASIS FOR WALCOTT’S ALLEGIANCE TO THE CONE OF DIVERSITY

A BIOGRAPHICAL NOTE

THE MUNDANE REASON FOR WALCOTT’S FAILURE

THE DEEPER RATIONALE FOR WALCOTT’S SHOEHORN

WALCOTT’S PERSONA

WALCOTT’S GENERAL VIEW OF LIFE’S HISTORY AND EVOLUTION

THE BURGESS SHOEHORN AND WALCOTT’S STRUGGLE WITH THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION

THE BURGESS SHALE AND THE NATURE OF HISTORY

Inset: A Plea for the High Status of Natural History

CHAPTER V. Possible Worlds: The Power of “Just. History”

A STORY OF ALTERNATIVES

GENERAL PATTERNS THAT ILLUSTRATE CONTINGENCY

THE BURGESS PATTERN OF MAXIMAL INITIAL PROLIFERATION

MASS EXTINCTION

SEVEN POSSIBLE WORLDS

EVOLUTION OF THE EUKARYOTIC CELL

THE FIRST FAUNA OF MULTICELLULAR ANIMALS

THE FIRST FAUNA OF THE CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION

THE SUBSEQUENT CAMBRIAN ORIGIN OF THE MODERN FAUNA

THE ORIGIN OF TERRESTRIAL VERTEBRATES

PASSING THE TORCH TO MAMMALS

THE ORIGIN OF Homo sapiens

AN EPILOGUE ON PIKAIA

Bibliography

Credits

Index

Other Titles By Stephen Jay Gould

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