Contents

Preface to the Second Edition

1 Background and History

Introduction

A Brief History of Substance Use and Abuse

Speaking of Drugs

Classifying Drugs

How Do Drugs Work?

A Survey of Legal and Illegal Drugs

Tobacco

Alcohol

Marijuana

Cocaine

Opioids

Amphetamines

Legal Medications

Conclusion

References

2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions

Introduction

Substance Abuse Prevention

Substance Abuse Treatment

Other Options

Drug Testing

Drug Testing in the Workplace

Drug Testing in Schools

Drug Testing in Amateur and Professional Sports

Controlling the Use of Drugs

Education about Harmful Substances

Taxation of Drugs

Outright Bans on Substances

Federal Legislation since the Controlled Substances Act

Specialized Legislation

Should Illegal Substances Be Legalized?

Arguments in Favor of Legalizing Drugs

Arguments in Opposition to Legalizing Drugs

A Special Case: Marijuana

Medical Marijuana

Recreational Marijuana

Resistance to Legalization

References

3 Perspectives

Introduction

Cannabis Use and Cannabis-Related Behaviors among Adolescents Following Legalization: Expelling the Myths by Candice Beathard

The Religious and Spiritual Use of Cannabis in History by Jeffrey Brown

Marijuana Use and Intelligence by Nicholas J. Jackson

A Young Man’s Story by Jackie Lien

A Recovery High School by Michelle Lipinski

Pins and Needles: Treating Cravings with Acupuncture by Cassandra Newell

Creating Recovery-Supportive Campuses by John Ruyak

Five Days by Ed and Marnie Semeyn

Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Abuse: Comorbidity, Correlation, and Causation by Teagan Wall

4 Profiles

Introduction

Al-Anon/Alateen

Alcoholics Anonymous

Richard Alpert (Ram Dass; 1931–)

American Society of Addiction Medicine

Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights

Americans for Safe Access

Harry J. Anslinger (1892–1975)

Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse

Bill W. (1895–1971)

Hale Boggs (1914–1972/1973)

Center for Lawful Access and Abuse Deterrence

Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America

Thomas De Quincey (1785–1859)

Drug Policy Alliance

European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction

Harm Reduction Coalition

Francis B. Harrison (1873–1957)

Albert Hofmann (1906–2008)

Hon Lik (1951–)

John W. Huffman (1932–)

Aldous Huxley (1894–1963)

International Council on Alcohol and Addictions

C. Everett Koop (1916–2013)

Timothy Leary (1920–1996)

Otto Loewi (1873–1961)

Mothers Against Drunk Driving

National Coalition Against Prescription Drug Abuse

National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc.

National Inhalant Prevention Coalition

National Institute on Drug Abuse

Albert Niemann (1834–1861)

NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws)

Office of National Drug Control Policy

Quanah Parker (ca. 1845–1911)

Partnership for Drug-Free Kids

Friedrich Sertürner (1783–1841)

Alexander “Sasha” Shulgin (1925–2014)

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists

Luther L. Terry (1911–1985)

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime

5 Data and Documents

Introduction

Data

Table 5.1. Drug-Induced Deaths, 1999–2013

Table 5.2. Schedules of Drugs, as Defined by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970

Table 5.3. Treatment Admissions for Substance Abuse (2013)

Table 5.4. Past Month Illicit Drug Use among People Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and by Drug: Percentages, 2002–2014

Table 5.5. Cigarette Consumption, in Billions, in the United States, 1900–2007

Table 5.6. Alcohol-Related Vehicular Accident Fatalities, United States, 1982–2004

Documents

Harrison Narcotic Act (1914)

Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1919)

Twenty-First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1933)

Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (1965)

Controlled Substances Act (1970)

Vernonia v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995)

Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005)

Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control and Federal Retirement Reform (2009)

Sottera, Inc. v. Food and Drug Administration (No. 10-5032; 627 F.3d 891) (2010)

Memorandum for All United States Attorneys (2013)

Coats v. Dish Network (Colorado Supreme Court Case No. 13SC394) (2015)

United States of America, Plaintiff, v. Marin Alliance for Medical Marijuana, and Lynette Shaw (2015)

State Doctor Shopping Laws (2016)

Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act of 2016

6 Resources

Books

Articles

Reports

Internet

7 Chronology

Glossary

Index

About the Author

1. Cover
2. Half Title
3. Title
4. Copyright
5. Dedication
6. Contents
7. Preface to the Second Edition
8. 1 Background and History
   1. Introduction
   2. A Brief History of Substance Use and Abuse
   3. Speaking of Drugs
   4. Classifying Drugs
   5. How Do Drugs Work?
   6. A Survey of Legal and Illegal Drugs
      1. Tobacco
      2. Alcohol
      3. Marijuana
      4. Cocaine
      5. Opioids
      6. Amphetamines
      7. Legal Medications
   7. Conclusion
   8. References
9. 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions
   1. Introduction
   2. Substance Abuse Prevention
   3. Substance Abuse Treatment
   4. Other Options
   5. Drug Testing
      1. Drug Testing in the Workplace
      2. Drug Testing in Schools
      3. Drug Testing in Amateur and Professional Sports
   6. Controlling the Use of Drugs
      1. Education about Harmful Substances
      2. Taxation of Drugs
      3. Outright Bans on Substances
      4. Federal Legislation since the Controlled Substances Act
      5. Specialized Legislation
   7. Should Illegal Substances Be Legalized?
      1. Arguments in Favor of Legalizing Drugs
      2. Arguments in Opposition to Legalizing Drugs
   8. A Special Case: Marijuana
      1. Medical Marijuana
      2. Recreational Marijuana
      3. Resistance to Legalization
   9. References
10. 3 Perspectives
    1. Introduction
    2. Cannabis Use and Cannabis-Related Behaviors among Adolescents Following Legalization: Expelling the Myths by Candice Beathard
    3. The Religious and Spiritual Use of Cannabis in History by Jeffrey Brown
    4. Marijuana Use and Intelligence by Nicholas J. Jackson
    5. A Young Man’s Story by Jackie Lien
    6. A Recovery High School by Michelle Lipinski
    7. Pins and Needles: Treating Cravings with Acupuncture by Cassandra Newell
    8. Creating Recovery-Supportive Campuses by John Ruyak
    9. Five Days by Ed and Marnie Semeyn
    10. Psychiatric Disorders and Substance Abuse: Comorbidity, Correlation, and Causation by Teagan Wall
11. 4 Profiles
    1. Introduction
    2. Al-Anon/Alateen
    3. Alcoholics Anonymous
    4. Richard Alpert (Ram Dass; 1931–)
    5. American Society of Addiction Medicine
    6. Americans for Nonsmokers’ Rights
    7. Americans for Safe Access
    8. Harry J. Anslinger (1892–1975)
    9. Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse
    10. Bill W. (1895–1971)
    11. Hale Boggs (1914–1972/1973)
    12. Center for Lawful Access and Abuse Deterrence
    13. Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America
    14. Thomas De Quincey (1785–1859)
    15. Drug Policy Alliance
    16. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
    17. Harm Reduction Coalition
    18. Francis B. Harrison (1873–1957)
    19. Albert Hofmann (1906–2008)
    20. Hon Lik (1951–)
    21. John W. Huffman (1932–)
    22. Aldous Huxley (1894–1963)
    23. International Council on Alcohol and Addictions
    24. C. Everett Koop (1916–2013)
    25. Timothy Leary (1920–1996)
    26. Otto Loewi (1873–1961)
    27. Mothers Against Drunk Driving
    28. National Coalition Against Prescription Drug Abuse
    29. National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, Inc.
    30. National Inhalant Prevention Coalition
    31. National Institute on Drug Abuse
    32. Albert Niemann (1834–1861)
    33. NORML (National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws)
    34. Office of National Drug Control Policy
    35. Quanah Parker (ca. 1845–1911)
    36. Partnership for Drug-Free Kids
    37. Friedrich Sertürner (1783–1841)
    38. Alexander “Sasha” Shulgin (1925–2014)
    39. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
    40. Substance Abuse Librarians and Information Specialists
    41. Luther L. Terry (1911–1985)
    42. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
12. 5 Data and Documents
    1. Introduction
    2. Data
       1. Table 5.1. Drug-Induced Deaths, 1999–2013
       2. Table 5.2. Schedules of Drugs, as Defined by the Controlled Substances Act of 1970
       3. Table 5.3. Treatment Admissions for Substance Abuse (2013)
       4. Table 5.4. Past Month Illicit Drug Use among People Aged 12 or Older, by Age Group and by Drug: Percentages, 2002–2014
       5. Table 5.5. Cigarette Consumption, in Billions, in the United States, 1900–2007
       6. Table 5.6. Alcohol-Related Vehicular Accident Fatalities, United States, 1982–2004
    3. Documents
       1. Harrison Narcotic Act (1914)
       2. Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1919)
       3. Twenty-First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1933)
       4. Federal Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act (1965)
       5. Controlled Substances Act (1970)
       6. Vernonia v. Acton, 515 U.S. 646 (1995)
       7. Gonzales v. Raich, 545 U.S. 1 (2005)
       8. Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control and Federal Retirement Reform (2009)
       9. Sottera, Inc. v. Food and Drug Administration (No. 10-5032; 627 F.3d 891) (2010)
       10. Memorandum for All United States Attorneys (2013)
       11. Coats v. Dish Network (Colorado Supreme Court Case No. 13SC394) (2015)
       12. United States of America, Plaintiff, v. Marin Alliance for Medical Marijuana, and Lynette Shaw (2015)
       13. State Doctor Shopping Laws (2016)
       14. Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act of 2016
13. 6 Resources
    1. Books
    2. Articles
    3. Reports
    4. Internet
14. 7 Chronology
15. Glossary
16. Index
17. About the Author