INDEX

Academy of Art, Florence, Italy, 193

aesthetics, Ellen Terry and, 262

Albany, New York, xviii–xix

Albert Hall, London, England, 226

Albert Memorial, London, England, 225–228, 225(fig.)

Alps, xix–xx, 211–212

The Ambassadors (James), xviii

ambition, James’s, xiii

American tourists

     frequenting Newport, 31–34

     Lake Como, 114

     recognizability, 163–164

Anglican Church, 249

Apollinaris (saint), 216

architecture

     Albert Memorial, 225–228

     Castello and Superga at Turin, 106

     cathedral of Lucca, 208

     cathedral of Pisa, 201–203

Darmstadt castle, 173

     Exeter Cathedral, 77–79

     Franco-Scottish castles, 255–256

     Glastonbury Abbey, 95–96

     Leghorn’s lack of, 198–199

     Lichfield Cathedral, 63–65

     massiveness of Milan’s cathedral, 109

Newport, 40–41

     Pisa, 201–203, 206–207

     Ravenna’s churches, 216–218

     Ravenna’s Mausoleum of Galla Placidia, 211(fig.)

     Salisbury Cathedral, 97

     Wells Cathedral, 88–91

     See also monuments

Arno River, 185(fig.), 186, 188–189

Arnold, Matthew, 248, 257, 263, 265

arts

     beauty and features of Niagara Falls, 52–54

     cathedral of Pisa, 202–204, 204–205

     Darmstadt castle, 173, 183–184

     Doré exhibit in London, 228–230

     effects of light in Venice, 133–134

     Florence, 191–192, 192–195

     frescoes, 96, 112–113, 205–206

     greatness of German music, 166–168

     Leghorn’s lack of, 198–199

     Milan’s Leonardo fresco, 112–113

     paintings at Darmstadt Schloss, 180–182

     Ravenna’s mosaics, 216–218

     Tintoretto in Venice, 137–141

     Turin Gallery, 107–108

     van Dyck at Warwick, 73

     Wilton House, 98–99

     See also mosaics; theatre; Théâtre Français

Athens, Greece, 190–191

Augier, Émile, 123

Augustus (emperor), 223

Austria: Germanicization of Milan, 108–109

Avon River, England, 73

Bad Homburg, Germany

     Bad Homburg Palace, 157(fig.), 168

     closing of the gaming rooms, 157–159

     Kursaals, 158–159

     largeness of the German spirit, 166–167

     people-watching, 162–163

     surrounding scenery, 159–161

     the German tone of the people, 163–167

bas-reliefs in Florence, 191

baths at Lucca, 207–208

beauty, defining by country, 165–166

Bismarck, Otto von, 172, 174

Boccaccio, Giovanni, 222

Bologna, Italy, 212–213

Bonaparte, Napoleon, xviii

Borromeo, Charles (saint), 110–111

Bosanquet, Theodora, xvii

Boswell (Croker), 62

Botticelli, Sandro, 193–194

Bressant, Jean Baptiste Prosper, 122–123

Bridge of Sighs, Venice, Italy, 131(fig.)

Buccleuch, Duke of, 252

Burlington, Vermont, xxii–xxiii, 28–29

Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 221–222

Caldwell, New York, 17

Canada: views of Niagara Falls, 49–50

casinos. See gaming houses

Caste (Robertson), 264–265

castles

     Darmstadt, 171–174, 171(fig.), 178–182

     Scottish Highlands, 255–256

     Turin, 106

     Warwick, 71–74

cathedrals. See churches

Cecil, Arthur, 262–263

cemetery: Rome, 152–155

Cestius, Pyramid of (Rome), 153

Chambéry, France, 101–104

Chatsworth, England, 70–71

Cheltenham, England: comparison with Saratoga, 10

children

     of Saratoga, 11

     on Torcello, 135–136

     van Dyck’s paintings of the royal princesses, 107–108

“Christian Martyrs” (Doré), 230

churches

     Exeter Cathedral, 76–79

Florence, 188, 191–192, 194–195

     Glastonbury Abbey, 87(fig.), 94–95

     history and relics of Milan’s, 109–112

     Lichfield Cathedral, 63–66

     Lucca, 208

     Pisa, 197(fig.), 201–203

     Pistoia, 208–209

Ravenna, 215–223

     Salisbury Cathedral, 96–97

     Torcello cathedral, 135–136

     Verona, 144–145

     Wells Cathedral, 87–90

clubs: London in the off-season, 233

Colonne Vendôme, Paris, France, xviii

Comédie Française, 117(fig.)

Corso of Ravenna, 214

court cities, 175–176

Court Theatre, London, 262–265

Croker, John Wilson, 62

Daisy Miller (James), xxii, xxiv

“La Dame aux Camélias” (Dumas), 127–128

dancing

     ballrooms in Scottish shooting lodges, 252–253

     Saratoga’s balls, 10–12

Dante (Dante Alighieri), 221–222

Darmstadt

     history and appearance of the castle, 171–174, 171(fig.), 178–180

     paintings at the castle, 180–182

     the town and inhabitants, 174–178

theatre, 182–183

De Forest, John W., xxiii

de Musset, Alfred, 119–122, 128

de Warens, Françoise-Louise, 102–103

death

     accident on the Thames, 236

     of Henry James, xvii

della Robbia, Luca, 191, 209

Derbyshire, England

     Chatsworth, England, 70–71

     Haddon Hall, 67–70

Devonshire, England

     color and beauty of, 75–76

     Exeter Cathedral, 76–79

     Ilfracombe, 79–82

     Lynton and Lynmouth, 83–86

dirt and squalor

     Darmstadt, 177–178

     Florence, 188–189

     Gravesend, 237

Rome, 150

     Ticonderoga, 26–27

Venice, 133–134

dogs: English hunters in Scotland, 243–244

Doré, Gustave, 228–230

Drury Lane Theatre, London, 257(fig.)

Dumas, Alexandre, 125–126

Dumfriesshire, Scotland, 251

Edel, Leon, xi, xiii

Edinburgh, Scotland, 241–242, 245–246

education

     James children’s studies abroad, xix

     lack of training in British theatre, 260–261

     travel as self-education, xii

England

     an Englishman’s right to comfort, 234–235

     British theatre, 257–265

     Glastonbury, 87(fig.), 94–95

     Gravesend, 236–238

     Haddon Hall, 67–70

     James’s early travels, x–xi

     Lichfield, 61(fig.), 63–66

     Salisbury Cathedral, 96–97

     Somerset, 85–86

     sporting life, 249–253

     the Anglican Church, 249

     Warwick, 71–74

     Wells, 87–90

     See also Devonshire; London

English tourists

     in Rome, 147–148

     in Scotland, 242

Europe, 4–5

     an Englishman’s right to comfort, 234–235

     James’s early travels, x–xi, xviii

     political observations, xiii–xiv

     See also specific countries and cities

Exeter, England, 76–79

family, James’s, ix–xi, xviii–xix

fashion

     English visitors in Scotland, 242–243

     in Turin, 106

     labeling the American tourists, 163–164

     women of Saratoga, 6–9

Ferrara, Italy, 177

festas, Bologna’s, 212–213

Feydeau, Ernest, 142

fiction, James’s, xxi–xxii

Florence, Italy, 185(fig.)

     art, 192–195

     “Florentine flavor,” 186–188

     flow of the seasons, 185–187

     light and atmosphere, 189–191

Fra Angelico, 191

France

     British adaptation of French comedies, 264

     Comédie Française, 117(fig.)

     Franco-Scottish castles, 255–256

     James’s deathbed reminiscences, xvii–xviii

     James’s political observations, xiii–xiv

     preserving the respectability of the theatre, 259–260

     social phenomena and theatre, 117–118

     temperament and characteristics of the French, 165

See also Théâtre Français

frescoes

     cathedral of Pisa, 205–206

     Leonardo’s “Last Supper,” 96, 112–113

frugality of the Scots, 248–249

Galla Placidia, Ravenna, Italy, 211(fig.), 214, 220–221

gaming houses

     Doré’s “Le Tapis Vert,” 230

     Homburg, 157–158, 162

     Saratoga, xxi–xxii, 3–4

gardens

     Darmstadt, 173, 182

     Germans’ fondness for, 182

     Homburg, 159–160

     Lucca, 207–208

     Tuscany, 198–199

     Wells Cathedral, 92–93

Germany

     contrast with Italy, 141–143

     grand and powerful German temperament, 165–167

     See also Bad Homburg; Darmstadt

Giotto’s Tower, Florence, Italy, 191

Glastonbury Abbey, England, 94–95

Glens Falls (Glenn’s Falls), New York, 16

Goat Island (Niagara Falls), 54–55

Gozzoli, Benozzo, 205–206

Gravesend, England, 236–238

great American novel, xxii–xxiv, 29, 38

Great Lakes, United States, 45–46

Green Mountains, Vermont, 13, 28–29

Haddon Hall, England, 67–70

Hamlet (Shakespeare), 261

health

     Homburg Kursaal, 158–159, 168–169

     James’s strokes and death, xvii–xviii

     Newport resort, 31–32

     waters at Ilfracombe, 79–82

Henry VIII, 94–95

Hesse-Darmstadt. See Darmstadt

Highland reel, 252–254

history

     historical figures in Scotland, 246–247

     Ravenna’s character, 214–215

     Ravenna’s literary history, 221–223

Holbein, Hans, 183–184

Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, Scotland, 246

Homburg, Germany. See Bad Homburg, Germany

Horseshoe (Niagara Falls), 55–57

Howard, Bronson, 265

Howells, William Dean, xxiv

Il ne Faut Jurer de Rien (de Musset), 119–122

Ilfracombe, England, 79–82

income, James’s, x–xi, xx–xxi

independence as a Scottish characteristic, 247–248

inns in Scotland and Switzerland, 244–245

insect life of Lake George, 20

Irving, Henry, 260–261

Italy

     arrival through the Mont Cenis Tunnel, 105

     autumn in Florence, 185(fig.)

     characteristics of French Savoie, 101–102

     comparing Lake Como to Lake George, 17–22

     contrast with Germany, 141–143

     Florence, 185–195, 185(fig.)

     influence on Franco-Scottish castles, 256

     James’s first travels to Rome, xx

     Lake Como, 17–22, 114–115

     Leghorn, 197–199

     Lucca, 207–208

     Milan, 108–113

     Pisa, 197(fig.), 199–205

     Pistoia, 208–209

     Turin, 105–107

     Verona, 141–145

     See also Ravenna; Rome; Venice

James, Alice (sister), xx–xxi

James, Henry, Sr. (father), ix–x, xix

James, William (brother), xix–xx

Johnson, Samuel, ix, 61(fig.), 62–63

Keats, John, 153

Kensington Gardens: Albert Memorial, 225–228

Kursaal at Bad Homburg, 158–159, 169

Lake Champlain, United States-Canada, 26–28

Lake Como, Italy, 17–22, 114–115

Lake George, New York, xii

     comparison to Lake Como, 17–22

     insects and plants, 20–21

     Lake Champlain and, 28

     soldier’s monument, 16–17

     steamer journey across, 25–26

     vision of Prussian greatness, 23

landscapes

     Devonshire’s color and beauty, 75–76

     Gustave Doré’s paintings, 230

     Warwickshire, 71–72

“Last Supper” (Leonardo da Vinci), 96, 112–113

“Last Supper” (Tintoretto), 140

Laya, Léon, 126–127

Leaning Tower of Pisa, 199–200

Leaves of Grass (Whitman), viii

Leghorn, Italy. See Livorno (Leghorn), Italy

leisured class

     American theatre, 260

     America’s lack of, 9–10

     English shooting in Scotland, 242–243

     the “London life,” 232–233

     visitors to Newport, 36

Leonardo da Vinci, 96, 112–113

Les Charmettes, Chambéry, France, 101(fig.), 102–104

library at Darmstadt Schloss, 180

Lichfield, England, 61(fig.)

     Dr. Johnson, 62–63

     the Cathedral, 63–66

light

     Newport’s contrasting tones, 42

     the visual delights of Venice, 133–134

literary career, James’s

     earliest writings, xix–xx

     literary quality of de Musset’s plays, 120–121

     serial publications 1872–1874, xxi

literary realism, xxiv–xxv, 2–3

literature, 125

     literary nudity of British theatre, 262–264

     Ravenna’s literary history, 221–223

Livorno (Leghorn), Italy, 197–198

Lombardy region of Italy, 112

London

     Albert Memorial, 225–228, 225(fig.)

     Doré exhibit, 228–230

     Dr. Johnson’s fondness for, 62–63

     Drury Lane theatre, 257(fig.)

     Thames accident, 231(fig.), 235–236, 238

     tranquility of the off-season, 231–234

Louis I (Duke), 175–176

Louvre Museum, Paris, 140–141

Lucca, Italy, 207

Lynmouth, England, 83–84

Lynton, England, 83–85

manners

     Parisian theatre, 117–118

     respectability of British dramatists, 259

     Scottish, 248–249

     the German tone of the people of Homburg, 164–166

     writing to the London Times, 233–234

Manners, John, 68

Mantegna, Andrea, 145

Michaelangelo (Michael Angelo), 205, 229

Milan, Italy, 108–113

military

     castle at Darmstadt, 178–180

     in the German temperament, 167–168

Mixed Essays (Arnold), 257

moats

     Darmstadt castle, 178

     Episcopal Palace at Wells, 93

Molière, 119–120, 128

Monaco, 3

Mont Cenis Tunnel, France, 104–105

monuments

     Albert Memorial, 225–228, 225(fig.)

     to Sir Walter Scott, 245–246

morality

     in theatre, 125–127

     role in ecclesiastical architecture, 109

Morrissey, John, 3

mosaics

     Pisa, 202–203

     Ravenna, 215–218

     Torcello, 136

mountain scenery

     English shooting in Scotland, 250–253

     Green Mountains, 13, 28–29

     Homburg, 159–161

     Lake George and Lake Como, 17–22, 25–26

     the view from Florence, 187

music, 166–167, 168

Nation weekly, vii–xiii, xxii–xxiii

national character

     French and German, 165

     Scottish, 248

nationalistic feeling, xxi–xxv, 5–6

Newport, Rhode Island, xii

     celebration of pleasure-taking and idleness, 36–38

     comparison with Saratoga, 35–38

     contrasting tones and romantic elements, 41–44

     picturesque elements, 39–41

     presence of the sea, 38–39

     scenic beauty, 31–33

     the feminine element, 34–35

Niagara, New York

     beauty and features of, 52–54

     contrast between the village and the Falls, 47–49

     diverse views of the Falls, 49–51

     first glimpse of the Falls, 46–48

     Goat Island, 54–55

     navigating the Great Lakes, 45–46

     the Horseshoe, 55–57

     the Whirlpool, 57–59

night life in Saratoga, 3–4

nobility, Gallicization of Scotland’s, 256

Norman stonework, 77–79

Orcagna (Andrea di Cione di Arcangelo), 204, 205

Oxford University, England, 61, 152, 203

palaces

     Episcopal Palace at Wells, 92–94

     Florence, 188

     Pisa, 206

Paris, France. See France; Théâtre Français

Parliament, 239

Pincio, Rome, Italy, 149

Pisa, Italy, 197(fig.), 199–205

Pistoia, Italy, 208–209

Pitti Palace, Florence, Italy, 192

Place de la Concorde, Paris, France, xviii

poetry: James’s critique of Whitman, vii–ix

politics

     James’s observations on European relations, xiii–xiv

     London in the off-season, 239

     Prussian greatness, 23

Pompeii, Italy, 69

Porlock, England, 85–86

The Portrait of a Lady (James), xxii

Prince of Wales Theatre, London, 262–265

Princes Street, Edinburgh, 245–246

prose style, James’s, xiv–xv

Prussia, xiii–xiv, 23. See also Darmstadt

Quakers, 41

Raphael, 113, 194, 195

Ravenna, Italy

     churches, 219–221, 223

     Corso, 213–214

     literary history, 221–223

     mausoleum of Galla Placidia, 220–221

     mosaics, 215–218

Religious Corporations Act, 155

religious life and institutions

     Bologna’s festas, 212–213

     Ravenna’s churches, 215–223

     Scottish Sawbath, 254–255

     the Anglican Church, 249

     See also churches

reviews, James’s, vii–ix

rights of the English individual, 234–235

river scenery and travel

     Lake Champlain, 28

     Niagara, 46–48

     Thames shipping accident, 231(fig.), 235–236, 238

Roderick Hudson (James), xxiii–xxiv

Roman Arena, Verona, Italy, 142–143

Rome, Italy, xx

     as tourist mecca, 147–148

     cemetery at St. Paul’s Gate, 152–155

     Spanish Steps, 147(fig.)

     the “smile” of, 150–151

     the villas, 150–152

     tourist exodus, 148–150

Rosherville Gardens, Gravesend, England, 237–238

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 103–105

Rubens, Peter Paul, 229

ruins: Glastonbury Abbey, 94–96

Ruskin, John, 14

Sabbath (Sawbath), Scotland’s, 254

St. Cuthbert, church of, 93–94

St. Peter’s Basilica, Rome, Italy, 155

Salisbury, England

     Stonehenge and Wilton House, 98–99

     the cathedral, 96

San Apollinare in Classe, Italy, 223

San Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, Italy, 216–218, 219

San Cassiano (San Cassano) church, Venice, Italy, 137–138

San Rocco, Italy, 140–141

San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, 219–220

San Zeno (San Zenone), church of, Verona, Italy, 145

Sand, George, 103

Santi Nazaro e Celso, Ravenna, Italy, 211(fig.), 214, 220–221

Saratoga, New York, xii, 1(fig.)

     balls, 10–12

     comparison with Cheltenham, 10

     comparison with Newport, 35–38

     fashionable elegance of the women, 6–9

     handsomeness of the average American man, 5–6

     James’s glowing prose, xxi–xxii

Savoie region of France, 101–102

Scotland

     Edinburgh, 241–242

     English passion for shooting, 250–253

     English travelers, 242–244

     Highland reel, 252–254

     history and beauty, 246–248

     Sawbath, 254–255

     typical viands, 244–245

Scott, Gilbert, 65

Scott, Sir Walter, 245–246

seasons

     in Florence, 185–186

     Rome in the spring, 148–151

Shakespeare, William, 70, 71–72

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 153, 232

shooting, English passion for, 238–239, 250–253

Il Sodoma (painter), 203

soldier’s monument, 16–17

Somerset, England, 85–86

Spanish Steps, Rome, Italy, 147(fig.)

sport, English love of, 238–239, 242–244, 249–253

stained glass

     Exeter Cathedral, 77–78

     Lichfield Cathedral, 65–66

statuto (Italian holiday), 212–213

Stirling, Scotland, 256

Stonehenge, England, 97–98

strokes, James’s, xvii–xviii

Superga, Turin, Italy, 106–107

Switzerland, 101–102, 104–105

tables d’hôte, English, 82, 244–245

“Le Tapis Vert” (Doré), 230

Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 85

Terry, Ellen, 261–262

Thames shipping accident, 231(fig.), 235–236, 238

theatre, xiv

     as social phenomenon, 124–126

     Darmstadt, 182–183

     Henry Irving and Ellen Terry, 260–262

     lack of training in British theatre, 260–261

     literary nudity of British theatre, 262–264

     London’s Drury Lane theatre, 257(fig.)

     the fashion of British theatre, 257–259

     Verona’s open-air performance, 143

Théâtre Français

     as sensual and intellectual experience, 118

     audience members, 123–124

     comedic brilliance, 128–129

     Comédie Française, 117(fig.)

     Molière and de Musset, 119–122

     moral themes, 125–127

     recurrent themes, 124–126

     respectability of, 259–260

Ticonderoga, New York, 26–27

Tintoretto (Tintoret), 137–140, 229

Titian, 138, 139–140

Tombs of the Scaligers, Verona, Italy, 144

Torcello, Italy, 134–136

Truth (Howard), 265

Turin, Italy, 105–107

Tuscany region of Italy

     Leghorn, 197–199

     Pisa, 199–201

     Tuscan art, 191

     See also Florence

Twain, Mark, xxiv

Uffizi, Florence, Italy, 192–193

Union Hotel, Saratoga, New York, 3–5

United States

     Burlington, Vermont, xxii–xxiii, 28–29

     Green Mountains, 13, 28–29

     respectability of the theatre, 260

     the individual’s expectation of comfort, 235

     See also Lake George; Newport; Niagara; Saratoga

University of Vermont, 29

van Dyck (Van Dyke), Anthony, 73–74, 98–99, 107–108

vegetation, 16

     Devonshire’s color and beauty, 76

     Lake George, 20–21

Venice, Italy

     approach to, 132–133

     atmosphere, 190–191

     Bridge of Sighs, 131(fig.)

     Tintoretto’s paintings, 137–141

     Torcello excursion, 134–136

     visual delights of, 133–134

Vernon, Dorothy, 68

Verona, Italy, 141–145

Veronese, Paolo (Paul), 107, 134, 137–139

Villa Borghese, Rome, Italy, 150–151

Villa Ludovisi, Rome, Italy, 151

Villa Medici, Rome, Italy, 151–152

vulgarity

     of Gravesend, 236–237

     of Saratoga, 2–3

Walsh, Catharine, xx–xxi

Warwick, England, 71–74

Washington Square (James), xxiv

watering-places

     Homburg, 158–159, 168–169

     Ilfracombe, 79–82

     Newport, 31–32

     See also Saratoga

Wells, England, 87–90

     Episcopal Palace, 92–94

     Glastonbury Abbey, 94–95

     selectness of the Cathedral congregants, 90–91

     Vicars’ Close, 91–92

Wharton, Edith, viii

Whitman, Walt, vii–ix

Wilton House, 97–98

women, 4

     American tourists, 163–164

     elegance of Saratoga’s women, 6–9

     English visitors in Scotland, 242–243

     Newport social hierarchy, 34–35

     social isolation, 9