Introduction: Readers
1 André Gide, Oeuvres complètes, ed. Louis Martin-Chauffier, 15 vols (Paris, 1932–9), vol. V, p. i.
2 André Gide, Si le grain ne meurt (Paris, 1955), p. 280.
3 Gustave Flaubert, Letter to M. Léon Hennique, 2–3 February 1880. Stendhal, for his part, remarks that ‘each artist ought to see nature in his own particular way’ (HPI, p. 160). ‘So it is that everyone judges the same object from his or her perspective’ (ORC, I, p. 85).
4 Francine Marill Albérès, Le Naturel chez Stendhal (Paris, 1956), p. 239.
1 Names and Identities, 1783–90
1 André Gide, Journal, ed. Éric Marty and Martine Sagaert, 2 vols (Paris, 1996–7), vol. I, p. 149.
2 John Keats, The Complete Poetical Works and Letters of John Keats (Cambridge, 1899), p. 277.
3 Friedrich Nietzsche, Basic Writings of Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York, 1966), p. 700 [Ecce Homo].
4 Carol A. Mossman, Politics and Narratives of Birth: Gynocolonization from Rousseau to Zola (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 19–39.
5 Sigmund Freud, ‘Family Romances’, in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud, ed. and trans. James Strachey et al., 24 vols (London, 1956–74), vol. IX, pp. 235–42.
6 Voltaire, Romans, ed. Roger Peyrefitte (Paris, 1961), p. 293.
1 Pascale Bolognini, ‘Stendhal et le secret des noix confites’, Revue d’histoire littéraire de la France, CVII/1 (2007), pp. 215–23. We know relatively little about Stendhal’s gastronomic tastes, although the Vie de Henry Brulard does reveal that all his life he remained peculiarly fond of spinach (OI, II, p. 851). This hasn’t stopped Gonzague de Saint-Bris from producing Le Goût de Stendhal (Paris, 2014), a biographical cookbook featuring forty original recipes from the Michelin-starred chef Guy Savoy.
2 Charles Baudelaire, Oeuvres complètes, ed. Claude Pichois, 2 vols (Paris, 1975–6), vol. II, p. 757.
3 Truth, 1795–9
1 Pieter Geyl, Napoleon: For and Against, trans. Olive Renier (London, 1965), p. 32.
4 Empire, 1799–1815
1 Victor Del Litto, La Vie intellectuelle de Stendhal (Geneva, 1959), p. 105.
2 Stendhal, Oeuvres completes, ed. Ernest Abravanel and Victor Del Litto, 50 vols (Geneva, 1967–74), vol. XXXIII, p. 474 [Journal littéraire].
3 Friedrich Nietzsche, Basic Writings of Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann (New York, 1966), p. 384 [Beyond Good and Evil].
5 Métilde: De l’Amour, 1815–21
1 Simone de Beauvoir, Le Deuxième Sexe, 2 vols (Paris, 1949), vol. I, p. 386.
6 Restoration: Armance, 1821–7
1 George Sand, Histoire de ma vie, ed. Damien Zanone, 2 vols (Paris, 2001), vol. II, pp. 412–13.
2 Ibid., p. 413.
8 Muddy Roads: Lucien Leuwen, 1831–7
1 George Sand, Histoire de ma vie, vol. II, p. 413.
2 Sigmund Freud, Civilization and its Discontents, in The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works, ed. and trans. James Strachey et al., 24 vols (London, 1956–74), vol. XXI, p. 70.
3 This fragment of Clémentine’s letter was first cited in Auguste Cordier, Stendhal raconté par ses amis and ses amies (Paris, 1893), where the blow is softened by being given as ‘content himself with the status of a best friend’ (p. 38).
9 Privileges: La Chartreuse de Parme and Lamiel, 1837–42
1 See Lucy Garnier, ‘La Femme comme construction dans la fiction stendhalienne’, unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Oxford, 2007, especially section 3.2.