absolute sovereignty 108
adillah 76
administrative structure 206
afterlife 68
aggression 62, 66, 68, 69–71, 74, 190, 220
Al-Aqsa 157
al-Banna 8, 172, 174–175, 177, 195
al-hakimiyyah 222
al-Siyar 9
Alternative Paradigms 10, 90–91, 98
Anabaptist 64
apostate 134, 137–138, 154, 203
Arab states 12, 55, 59, 156, 202
Arab uprisings 25
Arab world 39–40, 43, 45, 49, 52–53, 55, 59, 156–157, 178
armed jihad 62, 71, 73, 74–75, 78–80
Baha’i 124, 134, 137–139, 141, 143
Bernard Haykel 160
Bernard Lewis 18, 78, 153, 159, 162
borders 95, 110, 169, 173, 209–210, 212, 221, 229–230
boundaries iii, 6–8, 14, 108–109, 117, 131, 161, 174, 201–202, 212, 222–224, 225, 230
Buddhism 65
Cheryl Bernard 149
classical approach 62
coercion 63
collective identity 12, 88, 90, 98, 124, 126, 134, 136–138, 140
compassion 68
conditional sovereignty 110–111
Conduct 9
conflicts 6, 13, 16, 63, 65, 67, 90, 102, 104, 118, 175, 177, 184, 198, 225
conscientious objectors 63
constructivism i, 4, 12, 97–98, 142
contestation xi, 7, 76, 92, 101, 104–107, 131–132, 134, 136, 137, 142
context-specific 12, 129–130, 132, 137, 143
conventional constructivist 129
critical constructivist 128–129
Danger of a Single Story 13, 164, 165
dar al-ahd 7
Dar-al-Islam 7, 218–221, 224, 227, 228
Defense 19, 78, 82, 135, 145, 149, 166, 216
diplomacy vii, 11, 18, 21, 30–32, 63, 90, 180
discursive hegemony 13, 125, 133, 140
discursive struggles 106
Dukhobors 64
education 126, 191, 192, 201, 207
Edward Said 162
Eight Noble Truths 65
Emile Arnaud 63
enemy 25, 31, 43, 68, 72, 101, 106, 115–116, 146, 164–165, 187, 216
Ennahda 177–179, 181, 182, 183
ethical requirements 64
Fernand Braudel 151
fiqh 35, 41, 45, 54, 57–58, 60, 66, 75, 77–79, 80–82, 165, 222, 224
foreign policies 91, 98, 111, 175–177, 198
framing 12, 103, 124, 134–140, 161
genocidal 64
geopolitics ii, 13–14, 223–225, 230–232
Gibb 153
hadith 41, 62–63, 66, 79, 131, 154–155, 163, 165, 190–191, 213
haram 6, 12, 25, 35, 62, 73, 77
heretical 127, 134, 137, 196, 227, 229
Hezbollah 102, 112–115, 117, 202
human web viii, 13, 146, 161–162, 164, 167
ijtihad 7–8, 44, 62, 77, 135, 191–192, 220, 230
international law 63, 71, 74, 78, 110–111, 220
IR theory 2, 6, 12, 14, 16, 83, 86–88, 90, 103, 219, 229
ISIS i, 8, 13, 15, 158–163, 167–168, 184, 197–199, 204, 210, 214–217
Islamic jurisprudence 14, 63, 71, 77, 88, 93, 116, 218, 220, 230
Islamic State 160, 166, 185, 197–198, 200, 202–204, 207–208, 214–215, 217, 218, 219, 222, 223, 231
Islamism 88, 102–103, 105, 122, 151, 156–157, 169–172, 175–176, 178, 180–182
Islamists 13, 101–106, 113, 117–118, 169–171, 173, 175–178, 180–183, 194–195, 205
Israel 30, 51, 59, 74, 126, 138, 152, 156–157, 176
Jew 126
jus ad bellum 62
jus in bellum 62
jus pos bellum 62
Just War Theory 62
Khatami 9, 134–136, 139, 140–141
kingdom of God 65
law enforcement 207
Lebanon 37, 114–115, 122, 156, 213, 223
mafsadah 73
Mahatma Gandhi 65
Marshall Hodgson 154
Martin Luther King Jr. 65
Maslahah 36
maxim 77
Meaning and End of Religion, The 147, 168
mediation 65
Mennonites 64
metaphysics 64
military strategy 202–203, 205
mobile sovereignty 209
Moravian 64
Muhammad Abduh 8
multiple modernities 43, 129–130, 142, 144
multiple secularities 125, 129–130
Muslim Brotherhood 15, 88, 157, 172, 174, 182, 187, 193–199, 202
Muslims in the Western Imagination 148, 165
Muslim World Outreach 150
mutilation 68
nadb 75
Nadhlatul Ulama 161
nafir ‘am 74
narrative 87, 95, 103–104, 130, 152, 158–159, 209
Nazism 72
Ngozi Adichie 163
Nkali 163
non-state actors xii
norm contestation 130
norm research 125, 127–129, 130, 133, 142
norm violation 125–128, 134, 136–139, 141–142
North Africa ii, xi, 14, 29–30, 209, 218, 222–223, 231
#notinmyname 146
oppression 20–21, 68, 74, 115, 175, 180
Othering 11
pacifist 62–63, 64–65, 69, 74–77, 82
Paul Wolfowitz 149
peaceful 14, 63, 65, 68–69, 71, 92, 100, 111, 162, 185, 188
peacemaker 63
Peter L. Berger 146
political Islam viii, 11, 13, 102, 123, 132–133, 144, 151–152, 168–170, 172, 175, 177–178, 180–183, 202, 223
political order 130
post-secular viii, 12–13, 124, 125, 129, 132–133, 140, 142, 144, 200–201, 203, 215
post-secularism xi, 14, 131, 143, 200
Principled Pacifism 64
prisoners of war 71
Qutb vii, 8, 12, 83–84, 86, 88–91, 93–94, 97–99, 177, 187–188, 190, 193–195, 199, 222, 231
rational choice 12, 125, 127–128, 142
regulations 85, 93, 186, 206, 213
Religion and politics 4
Religion and State 126, 131–132, 166
Religion and State-Minorities 126
religious discrimination viii, 124, 125, 127, 133, 137–138, 142, 145
religious doctrine 222
religious freedom xi, 124–125, 126, 127–128, 132, 133–136, 139, 141–142, 145
religious minorities ix, 12–13, 124–127, 133–134, 136–139, 141–143, 145
religious secularity 132–135, 144
resistance 44–45, 55, 60–61, 71, 74, 93, 156, 209–210, 212, 213
resolution 63, 65, 69, 77–78, 81–82, 97, 191, 216, 231
Rifa‘a al-Tahtawi 153
Right Action 65
Robert Orsi 148
Robert Wuthnow 155
Roger Cohen 151
sacred 3, 65, 68, 135, 143, 145, 147, 157–158, 165, 173, 180, 190
Saudi Arabia 59, 60, 126, 154–155, 161, 192, 193–196, 199, 210, 222
scriptures 62, 66, 68, 135, 191
secularism 86, 101, 130–133, 144, 148, 152–153, 154, 156–158, 162–163, 166–167, 200, 203, 222
secularity 125, 132–135, 144, 201
secularization theory 130, 152, 200
self-defense 190
self-determination 51, 74, 109, 110, 116, 180
shared knowledge and practices 83–85, 93
shariah 73
shar’man qablana 70
Shia Islam 135
siyasah shar ‘iyah 73
Social Construction of Reality 143, 147–148, 165
Sophia Rose Arjana 148
spectrum 4, 63, 153, 160, 180–181, 205
Sunni 14, 35, 114, 127, 143, 202, 204–205, 209, 212, 215, 218, 220, 224–225, 228, 230–231
Syria 55, 59–60, 97, 114, 122, 156, 174, 189, 192, 197–198, 201–204, 207, 209–214, 216, 217, 221, 223–224
tatawwu 75
territorial expansion 14, 203, 208–209, 221
territoriality viii, xii, 13–14, 92, 200–202, 208, 211–212, 216, 218, 221–224, 230–231
tolerance 76, 127, 134–135, 152
Traditional Islam 62–63, 66, 77, 232
traditionalism 150
Tunisia 39, 56, 60, 118, 154–155, 157, 164, 174, 177–179, 181, 223
ummah 7, 8, 77, 114, 201, 203, 208, 218–219, 221–223
United Arab Republic 156
Universal Peace Congress 63
usul al-fiqh 41
Usul Al-Hadith 63
wajib 72
war on terror 150
watan 153
Weapons of Mass Destruction 24
Wilfred Cantwell Smith 147
Yusuf al-Qaradawi 158