Index

Aakash tablet computer, 216

Aalto, Alvar, 31, 168–9

achondroplasia, 78

Acumen Fund, 211

Adam, Robert, 34, 90–91

Adidas, 68–9, 85

aerospace design, 9, 46, 177–8, 179–80

aesthetic selection, 27, 188

Agbogbloshie dump, Ghana, 162

Ai, Weiwei, 25, 76, 119, 125

air travel, 70–71, 130, 132, 177–80, 188, 191

AK-47 assault rifle, 46–7, 57

Albers, Anni, 111–12, 114

Albers, Josef, 112, 114

alpha products, 90–1, 93, 106

amateur inventors, 33, 44, 182

Amelio, Gil, 88

American Underwood typewriter, 132

Anderson, Colin, 131

Anderson, Ray, 173–4

Ann Summers, 126, 128–9, 135

anonymous design, 9, 15–16, 25–6, 29–30, 119, 130, 223

Ant Farm (architecture group), 117

anti-nuclear symbol, 134

Antonelli, Paola, 176, 222

Aol., 143

Apple, 13, 15, 22, 38, 44, 50, 80, 83, 88–9, 98–107, 126–9, 135, 183–5, 189, 198;

see also computers

Apple iPad, 50, 89, 101, 105, 193

Apple iPhone, 44, 83, 89, 98, 101, 103, 104

Apple iPod, 80, 89, 101, 104, 165, 184, 189, 212

applications, 44, 193, 198

applied design, 222

Archigram, 117, 196

architects, 110, 112–3

architecture, 25–6, 94, 98, 110, 112–3, 116, 157–8, 196, 210, 225

Architecture for humanity (AfH), 23, 198, 203, 205, 210, 217

‘Architecture Without Architects’ (1964 exhibition), 25

Archizoom, 117

Arntz, Gerd, 149

Art and Industry (Read), 114

art nouveau, 111

‘Art of Production, The’ (Artforum magazine), 121

Artek, 168

Artforum (magazine), 121

Arts and Crafts Movement, 37, 92, 111–12

Aspen design conferences, 98, 183, 212

Assyria, 129

at symbol (@), 132–3

Atkinson, Bill, 183

‘Atmosphere Rooms’, 113

Atomium, Brussels, 181

auteur design

ers, 122, 222

Avery, Henry, 29

B-Set dinner service, 195

Babbage, Charles, 180–81

‘Baby’ see Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine

Bacardi Building, Bermuda, 196

Baghramian, Nairy, 119

ballot card design, 72–4

Bangalore, India, 170–71

Banham, Reyner, 20, 45

Barney, Matthew, 66

Barr, Alfred, 113

Barthes, Roland, 20, 41, 76, 141

Basquiat, Jean-Michel, 118

Bass, Saul, 39, 49–50, 116

battery technology, 184

Baudrillard, Jean, 20, 41, 141

Bauhaus school, 19, 38, 94, 111–14, 117, 149

Bayer, Herbert, 112–14

Bayer, Johann, 147

BBC, 159

Beauclerk, Diana, 35

‘Beauty of Life, The’ (Morris), 45

Beck, Harry, 80, 150–53, 154

Béhar, Yves, 213, 215

Behrens, Peter, 38

Bell Labs, 8

Bergé, Pierre, 82

Bertelli, Patrizio, 82

Bertie County, North Carolina, 202, 204–6

Bertie Early College High School, 202, 204–6

Bethlehem Steel, 121

biomechatronics, 66–7

Bir Kasturi, Poonam, 170–72, 198, 218–19, 222

bird flu, 61

Black Mountain College, 114

black power movement, 129

Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, 181

Blue Brain Project, 159, 223

Blunk, James Blain (J.B.), 169–70

BMW, 135

Boeing 747 aeroplane, 46, 178

Boetti, Alghiero, 117

Bonaparte, Napoleon, 148

book design, 31, 42, 49, 122–3, 149, 159–60, 188

Boom, Irma, 122–3

Booth, Charles, 145–7, 154, 208

Bouroullec, Ronan and Erwan, 196

Bourriaud, Nicholas, 119

BP, 30, 56

Brahms, Johannes, 93

Bramante, Donato, 57

brand design, 81–3, 89, 105–7, 126–44, 195

Brandt, Marianne, 112

Braun, 38, 79–80, 94–8, 106–7, 108, 125, 180

Braungart, Michael, 42

Breeding Tables, 197

Breuer, Marcel, 112–14, 117

Brin, Sergey, 48

British Airways, 142

Brody, Neville, 118

Brown, Tim, 80, 163

Brownjohn, Robert, 116

Buchanan, Patrick J., 73–4

Büchel, Christoph, 119

Buckminster Fuller, Richard (‘Bucky’), 21–3, 39, 114, 168–70, 210

Buckminster Fuller Challenge, 170

Burj Khalifa, Dubai, 57

Burne-Jones, Edward, 37

Busby, Matt, 137

Bush, George W., 72–3

Byron, Ada, 180–81

C programming language, 198

Cage, John, 114

Caborn-Waterfield, Michael, 128

calculators

Braun ET44, 98

pocket, 188

Calvert, Margaret, 130–32

Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, 134

Carlson & Co, 121

cars, 58–9, 76–9, 83, 164–7

Citroën Ds 19, 76

Ford Model T, 76, 165, 194

Ford Mustang, 194

Lamborghini Miura, 77

Toyota Prius, 58–9

Carson, Rachel, 169

Carter, Matthew, 55–6

Casino (film), 50

Cassandre, A. M. (Adolphe Jean-Marie Mouron), 83

Castiglioni brothers, 20, 116

Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia, 34–5, 90

Cattelan, Maurizio, 119

CCTV Building, Beijing, 196

cell phones see mobile phones

Center for Advanced Visual Studies, 39

ceramics, 34–5, 43, 91, 112, 195

Cézanne, Paul, 108, 125

chairs, 58–9, 85, 91–3, 106

Barcelona, 121

Costes, 40

Cow bench, 124

Crate, 169

Egg, 59

Lassù, 117

Lockheed Lounge, 120

Louis Ghost chair, 40

Model No. 8, 92

Model No. 14, 92–3

monobloc, 58–9

Red/Blue, 169

Redesign, 117

Series 7, 59–60

stool Model No. 60, 168

Wassily, 117

Chamberlain, John, 117

Chambers, Robert, 208

Chandigarh, 210–11

Chanel, 15, 118

Change by Design (Brown), 163

Charles de Gaulle Airport, Paris, 132

Charlotte, Queen of England, 34, 90

Chen, Johnny, 61

Chicago, 114, 156

Chicago Athenaeum Museum, 46

China, 13–14, 17, 62, 89, 165–7, 212–13

Chivers, C. J., 46–7

cholera map, 147

Christov-Bakargiev, Carolyn, 119

Circle service for seniors, 209–10

Citroën, 83, 137

Citroën, André, 83, 137

Citroën DS 19 car, 76–7

coat of arms, 134–5

Coca-Cola, 39, 136

Cohen, Harold, 157

Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 17–18

Collet, Clara, 145–6

Colombo, Joe, 20, 116

Colt, Samuel, 137

Commercial and Political Atlas, The (Playfair), 147

Commissioner’s Plan 1811, 153

communication design, 9, 13, 29–30, 48–9, 50, 56, 126–44, 147–62

computers, 21, 78, 156, 180–85, 212–16

Aakash tablet, 216

Apple I (1976), 98

Apple II, 98–9, 212

Apple iMac, 184

Apple iMac G3 (1998), 100–101

Apple Lisa, 183

Apple Macintosh, 99–100, 122, 127, 184

Apple Power Mac G4 Cube (2000), 101, 104

‘Baby’, 156, 181

C programming language, 198

graphic interface, 157, 182–3, 197–8

IBM 701, 181

IBM 5100, 182

invention of, 154–6, 180–84

keyboard, 182

laptops, 212–16

mouse, 182

One Laptop Per Child project, 212–17

Princeton research project, 181

Processing programming language, 158, 198

programming, 8, 158, 198

Sperry bombsight, 156

trash can, 183

‘Confusion’ (New Order), 118

Constructivism, 19, 38, 111–13, 116

Contrasts (Pugin), 36

Cook, Tim, 104

Cooper, Muriel, 20–21, 39, 118, 145, 156–8, 213

Cooper-Hewitt National Design Museum, 43, 212

Copenhagen cycling superhighway, 165

corporate identity design, 13, 30, 126–9, 135–44

Corum, Nathaniel, 23, 41, 210, 217

Cottam, Hilary, 23, 41–2, 208, 210–11, 222

Cradle to Cradle, 42

Cranby, John, 30

Cremaster 3 (artist’s film), 66

Crewe, Emma, 35

Crusades, the, 134

Crystal Palace, 36–7, 111

Csuri, Charles, 157

Cuisinart food processor, 98

Cunningham, Merce, 114

customization, 44, 190–97, 223

cutlery, 178–9

‘Cybernetic Serendipity’ (1968), 156

cycle-hire, 143, 166

Dadaism, 38

Daily Dump waste management programme, Bangalore, 170–71, 175, 198, 218, 220

Darwin, Charles, 16, 33, 44, 177–8, 188

data deluge, 10, 154–5, 222

data visualization, 52, 145–60

Datawind, 216

de Kooning, Elaine, 114

de Kooning, Willem, 114

De Stijl group, 19, 169

Deepwater Horizon oil spill, 30, 56

Defoe, Daniel, 32

Des-in, 169

Descent of Man, The (Darwin), 188

‘Descriptive Map of East End Poverty’ (Booth), 146, 208

design

art, 17, 19–20, 34–6, 38, 50–51, 108–125

bad, 22, 46–51, 56–60, 71–4, 75–87, 86–7, 185–6

challenges for, 9, 23–8, 41, 222–4

commercialization of, 9, 20–3, 37, 79–80, 109, 115, 118–20, 123–5

communication, 9, 13, 29–30, 48–9, 50, 56, 126–44, 147–62

conceptual, 32, 123–5, 201

corporate identity, 13, 30, 48–9, 56, 126–9, 135–44

counterculture and, 20, 98, 127, 129

critical, 123–5

customization, 44, 190–7, 223

definition of, 8–9, 16–17, 19, 38, 63, 223–4

environmentally responsible, 21, 42, 58–9, 86, 161–75, 201, 203, 214, 218–20, 222

ethnic diversity in, 43, 77

‘firsts’, 55

form and function, 176–9

humanitarian, 23, 41, 86, 202–20

importance of, 8–9, 61–74

information, 9, 71, 80, 130, 132, 145–60

integrity in, 56–7, 59–60

intuitive, 9, 15–16, 25–6, 29–30, 119, 130, 223

long history of, 9, 15–16

open source, 43, 198–201

perceptions of, 7, 22–3

power of, 7–9, 63–76

role in power and empowerment, 7–8, 11–5, 17–8, 29–30, 66, 135, 207

social design, 23–5, 41–2, 145–50, 154, 202–20

supernormal, 54

symbolism in, 126–44

typography, 51–2, 55, 77, 81, 85, 97, 127, 136, 193

ubiquity of, 8–9, 63–76

usability of, 176–89

women in, 42–3, 77

Design as Art (Munari), 116

Design Council, 208

Design Like You Give A Damn (Stohr and Sinclair), 211

Design for the Real World (Papanek), 169, 218

design thinking, 24–5, 218–20

Design and Truth (Grudin), 56, 57

designare, 15

design-art, 119–21

Designers’ Accord, 170

Designing Interactions (Moggridge), 183

Designing for People (Dreyfuss), 15–16

‘Designs for Fragile Personalities in Anxious Times’ (Dunne & Raby), 123

Deutsche Werkbund, 111

‘Diagram, the’ see London Underground Map

digital imagery, 21, 39, 116, 155–7

digital production technologies, 10, 41–2, 44, 50, 52–3, 121–2, 141, 157–8, 198

digital technology, 41, 50, 52–3, 121–2, 141, 198

digitization, 42, 44, 50, 52–3, 55, 121–2, 154, 177, 188, 192

disease, see medicine

disability, 78

dynamic identities, 140–2

Documenta exhibition (2012), 119

dogs, 27–8

Don’t Make a Wave committee, 161

‘doodles’ (Google), 48–9, 56, 86

Dorner, Alexander, 113–14

Dorset Orthopaedic, 65

Down House, Kent, 33

Dresser, Christopher, 37–9

Dreyfuss, Henry, 15–16, 168, 179

driving see road transport

Duchamp, Marcel, 121

Dunne, Anthony, 123, 125, 201

dynamic pricing systems, 165

Eames, Charles, 43, 115, 125, 195

Eames, Ray, 43, 115, 195

Earhart, Amelia, 113

Early Socratic Dialogues (Plato), 56

Eco-fuel Africa, 218–20

Écoles des Arts et Métiers, 36

Ecology of Commerce (Hawken), 173

economic development, 23–4, 211, 217

Economist (magazine), 89, 154, 174, 199

education, 23, 38, 171, 202–7, 212–6

Eichler, Joseph, 98

Eisenstein, Sergei, 113

elections (United States), 72–4

El Lissitzky, 149

electricity, introduction of, 190–91

electronics, 94–7, 176–7, 180

Eliasson, Olafur, 119, 121

Eliot, George, 36

Elrod, Claude, 47

Emergency Plan for Aids Relief (US), 216

entertainment media, 49, 52, 68–70, 89, 116, 140, 176–7, 187, 192

environmentally responsible design, 21, 42, 58–9, 86, 161–75, 214, 218–20, 222

equals symbol, 129, 132

Esslinger, Hartmut, 99

etymology, 15–6, 109–10

Expos, 36, 93

Exxon, 39, 126

Facebook, 88, 144, 192

Fairbanks, Douglas, 32

farming, 171–2, 211, 219

fARM:shop, 171–2, 175, 207

fashion, 18, 78, 81–2, 90

Federal Design Improvement Program, 137

FedEx, 139

Fehlbaum, Rolf, 31

Fiat symbol, 135

FIFA, 68, 86

Finnair, 31–2

‘First Things First’ (manifesto), 207

First World War, 111–12

Fiskars’ tools, 51, 54, 178

Flaxman, John, 35

Flos, 20, 57

Fynn, Errol, 32

Fontana, Lucio, 51, 117

fonts see typefaces

food, 26, 32, 187

access to, 171–3, 207, 222

footballs see soccer balls

Ford, Henry, 194

Ford Model T car, 76, 165, 194

Ford Motor Company, 194

Ford Mustang car, 194

Fordist management system, 194, 196

France, 17, 36

Franco Noero art gallery, 120

Franklin, Benjamin, 33, 36, 44

Franklin Stove, 33, 44

Fresh Kills, Staten Island, 162

Frey, Albert, 40

Frings, Torsten, 69

Fritz Hansen, 59–60

From Russia With Love (film), 116

Frutiger, Adrian, 132

Fry, Art, 55

Fry, Ben, 158, 198, 222

Fukasawa, Naoto, 54

Function of Form, The (Moussavi), 196

furniture, 31, 37, 85, 91–3, 117–20, 195, 200, 203

fuseproject design group, 213, 217–18

futurism, 84, 116

G-Wiz car, 143

Gagosian art gallery, 120

Gagosian, Larry, 120

Galileo (Galileo Galilei), 147

Galliano, John, 82

Gander, Ryan, 119

Gandini, Marcello, 77

Garland, Ken, 152, 207

Gaskell, Elizabeth, 36

gay rights symbol, 134

Genzken, Isa, 76, 119

geodesic dome, 21

Ghana, 162, 167

Gillick, Liam, 119

Gladwell, Malcolm, 103

Gleick, James, 181

Gobelins, 17–18, 34, 193

Goethe, 91

Gold, Ralph and David, 128

Goldfinger (film), 116

Gonzalez-Foerster, Dominique, 119

Good Design Awards (1950), 46

‘Good Design’ exhibitions, 45, 50

Good group, 170

Google, 48–50, 56, 86, 141–2, 166, 190

Gore, Al, 72–4

government 12, 23, 36, 46, 72–4, 89–90, 159

government initiatives, 36, 46

‘Graphic Design: Now in Production’ (exhibition), 122

graphic interfaces, 99, 183, 198

Graphics, Image Processing & Workstations Panel (National Science Foundation), 157

Grcic, Konstantin, 53

Great Exhibition (1851), 36–7, 111

Great Pacific Garbage Patch, 163

Greece, 32, 109

green (colour), 161–2

Green Frog Service, 34–5

Greenpeace, 127, 161

Greiman, April, 122, 125

Grootens, Joost, 159–60

Gropius, walter, 111–14

Gros, Jochen, 169–70

Grudin, Robert, 56–7

Guardian (newspaper), 159

Gugelot, Hans, 94–6

Guggenheim Museum, New York, 117

Guixé, Martí, 123

Gun, The (Chivers), 46–7

gun lamps, 56–7

Gwangju Design Biennale (2011), 25, 119

Haacke, Hans, 20

hacking, 25, 195, 198

Hackwood, William, 34

Hadid, Zaha, 200

Hamilton, Richard, 20, 108, 117, 125

Hammons, David, 76

Hannibal, 148

Harrison, Charles, 43, 77

hashtag (#) see octothorp

Hawken, Paul, 173–4

Hawksworth, John, 147, 154

health, 61, 63, 187, 208–10

Heller, Steven, 138

Hello World computer program, 8, 198, 223

Helvetica (film), 154

Helvetica and the New York City Subway System (Shaw), 81

Henderson, Sam, 172

Hendrix, Dan, 174

Henry, Desmond Paul, 156–7

Henry VIII, King, 90

Hermès, 136

Hermès, Thierry, 136

Herr, Hugh, 66–7, 77, 200

Heskett, John, 16–17, 63

highway signs, 131–2

Hindlip Hall, Worcestershire, 33

Hitchcock, Alfred, 39, 49–50

Holden, William, 40

Höller, Carsten, 119

Holtom, Gerald, 134

Honeycomb vase, 197, 199

hovercraft

Jean Bertin, 143

Princess Margaret, 143

human genome, 155

humanitarian design, 21, 41, 206, 211–20

‘Humans vs Chimps’, data visualization, 158

Hustwit, Hary, 154

Huyghe, Pierre, 119

hydrogen bomb project, 181

I swear I use no art at all (Grootens), 159–60

IBM, 20, 38, 99–100, 115, 127–8, 138, 181–2

IBM 701 computer, 181 iBM 5100 computer, 182

IDEO design group, 24, 42, 80, 163, 172, 217–18

IKEA, 22, 193

Illinois Institute of Technology, 114

i-MiEV car, 143

INDEX: Design to improve life award, 170

India, 170–71, 210–12, 216, 218, 220

Indian institute of Technology, 216, 218

individualism, 192–3

Industrial Design (Loewy), 41

Industrial Revolution, 18, 90, 92, 106, 110, 168, 174, 193

industrialization, 17–18, 33–8, 90, 174

Information, The (Gleick), 181

information design, 7, 9, 81, 130–4, 145–60, 150–4

Instagram application, 193

Instapaper application, 193

Institute of Contemporary Art, London, 156, 207

Intel, 154

‘intelligent designer’, 16

interface, 173–4

international trade 17, 61–2, 137, 142, 194

International Space Station, 222–3

Internet, the, 141, 155, 190, 192

‘Mobility Internet’, 166

intuitive design see anonymous design

Isaacson, Walter, 99–100

Ishtar, 129, 147

isotype, 148–9, 169, 208, 210

Italy, 20, 117

Itten, Johannes, 112

Ive, Jonathan, 38, 97–8, 100–101, 104, 106

Izenour, Steven, 20, 118

Jacobsen, Arne, 59–60, 179

Janoff, Rob, 127

Japan, 20, 43, 54

Jeanneret, Charles-Édouard see Le Corbusier

Jeanneret, Pierre, 43, 93, 210–11

Jefferson, Thomas, 33

Jingdezhen, 17

Jobs, Steve, 80, 83, 88–9, 98–104, 106, 126–7, 139, 182–3, 198

Johnson, Charles, 29

Johnson, Philip, 113

Johnston, Edward, 80

jolie laide quality, 53

‘Jolly Roger’ see skull and crossbones symbol

Jongerius, Hella, 54, 195

Joy Division, 24, 118

Joyn office system, 196–7

Judd, Donald, 48, 56, 109, 121, 124

Jugendstijl, 111

Kahn, Louis, 210

Kalashnikov, Mikhail, 46

Kandinsky, Wassily, 112

Kansas, University of, 211

Kedar, Ruth, 48

Kelley, David, 24

Kellogg company, 136

Kellogg, Will Keith, 136

Kennedy, John F., 39

Kepes, György, 38–9, 49, 114, 116, 125, 155–7, 161

Kermit the Frog, 162

Keywords: A Vocabulary of Culture and Society (Williams), 118

Khe Sanh battle (1967), 47

Kidd, William ‘Captain’, 29

Kindle e-reader (Amazon), 165

Kinect games system (Microsoft), 187

Kinneir, Jock, 130–32

Klee, Paul, 112

Koolhaas, Rem, 53, 196

Kraftwerk, 188

Kram, Reed, 197

Kruk, Vinca, 123

Kubrick, Stanley, 39, 179

Kutamba AIDS orphans school, 203–4, 210

La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt, Fransçois, Duke de, 36

Lagerfeld, Karl, 82, 118

Lambert, J. H., 147

Lamborghini Miura car, 77

Landesmuseum, Hanover, 113

Lane, Allen, 75

Lang, Helmut, 82

Language of Vision (Kepes), 156

Lanier, Jaron, 191

laptop computers, 212–16

Large Hadron Collider, 10, 84, 223

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, 10, 155

Lausanne, École Polytechnique Fédérale de, 159

Laws of Simplicity, The (Maeda), 189

Le Brun, Charles, 17, 34

Le Corbusier, Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, 43, 59, 77, 93, 120, 176, 210–11

Learning from Las Vegas (Venturi, Brown & Izenour), 20, 118

Learning Landscape education project, 204

Leckey, Mark, 119

Lehanneur, Mathieu, 124, 221–2

Leonardo da Vinci, 17, 110

Leopold, Aldo, 169

LePore, Theresa, 72

LeWitt, Sol, 121

Libertíny, Tomáš Gabzdil, 197, 199

Light Space Modulator, 38, 155

Lives of the Artists (Vasari), 17

Local Motors, Arizona, 199

Loewy, Raymond, 39–41, 94, 114–15, 126, 168

logos, 13, 30, 126–9, 135–44

Lohmann, Julia, 124–5

London Eye, 154

London Gallery, 113

London Underground, 80, 150–52

London Underground Map, 150–54

Longo, Robert, 118

Louis XIV, King, 17–18, 193

Lovell, Sophie, 97

Lubs, Dieter, 97–8

Lunar Society, 34

Lyon’s Corner House, 84

M-16 rifle, 46–7, 56

Macaulay, Mary, 145

McDonald, Richard, 139

McDonald’s, 59–60, 139

McDonough, William, 42

‘Machine Art’ (1934), 113

Mcknight Kauffer, Edward, 80

Macneil, Ron, 21

McQueen, Alexander, 66, 82

MacRobertson, 136

Madox Brown, Ford, 37

Maeda, John, 21, 156, 158, 189

Maharam, 195

Maker Faires, 44, 198

Man with the Golden Arm, The (film), 49

Manchester, 24, 156, 181

Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (‘Baby’), 156, 181

Manchester United, 136–7

Manchester, University of, 156, 181

Manzini, Ezio, 170

Mari, Enzo, 20, 116

Martha and the Vandellas, 194

Martin, Tony, 40

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 20–21, 39, 66, 157, 212

Mau, Bruce, 61, 142, 170

medicine, 63–5, 221

Meindertsma, Christien, 125

Meissen porcelain, 34

Memphis design group, 117

Mendini, Alessandro, 116–17, 125

Merritt, Andy, 171–2

Messina, Chris, 133–4

Metahaven, 123

Meyer, Hannes, 112

Michelangelo, 57

Michelin, Édouard and André, 139

Michelin Man, 139–41

microchip technology, 6, 154–5

Microsoft, 55, 183, 187

Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig, 43, 59, 112, 114, 121, 176, 178, 196

Mike Smith studio, 121

Milan Furniture Fair, 85

Miller, Matthew, 202–7, 210, 222

Minard, Charles Joseph, 148, 154

mingei design movement, 54

Minor, Halsey, 120

Minority Report (film), 186

Mr Beck’s Underground Map (Garland), 152

MIT Media lab, 158, 212

Mitchell, William J., 166

mobile phones, 6–7, 82–3, 184, 187–8

MobileMe data sharing system, 104

Modarelli, James, 137

Modernism, 19, 50, 59, 115–7, 120, 168, 176, 178, 193, 223

Moggridge, Bill, 183

Moholy-Nagy, László, 38–9, 80, 94, 112–14, 116, 125, 155–6

Mollino, Carlo, 20, 116

Molna, Vera, 157

‘Monsieur Bibendum’ see Michelin Man

Monticello, Charlottesville, 33

Moore, Gordon E., 154

Moore’s law, 154–5, 189, 191

Morris & Co, 37

Morris, Marshall, Faulkner & Co (Morris & Co), 37

Morris, William, 37, 45–6, 111

Morrison, Jasper, 54

Motherwell, Robert, 114

Mott, Tim, 182–3

Moussavi, Farshid, 53, 196, 200

MTV, 140–42

Muji, 195–6

Mullins, Aimee, 63–7, 77, 200

Munari, Bruno, 20, 108, 116, 125

Muppets, The (television series), 162

Museum of Modern Art, New York, 25, 45–6, 50, 113, 134

My Private Sky porcelain, 197

NASA (National Aeronautics & Space Administration), 137

Nash, Paul, 80

National identity 13, 20, 24, 67

National Institute of Design (Ahmedabad), 218

National Science Foundation (NSF), 157

Negroponte, Nicholas, 21, 156, 212–16

Nelson, George, 85

Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, 196

Neurath, Otto, 148–50, 154, 208, 210

New Bauhaus school, 114

New Order, 24, 118

New York subway, 52, 81, 153–4, 158

New York Times, The (newspaper), 88, 159

New York World’s Fair, 115

New Yorker (magazine), 21, 103

Newman, Barnett, 121

Newson, Marc, 120

Newton, Isaac, 127–28

NeXT, 100, 102, 139

Nigeria, 210, 212

Nike, 13, 15, 139, 198

1984 (Orwell), 184

No More Rules: Graphic Design and Postmodernism (Poynor), 122

North and South (Gaskell), 36

North Face, 52

Novalis, 91

‘Nowhere to Run’ (Martha and the Vandellas), 194

Noyes, Eliot, 38, 115

Nussbaum, Bruce, 217

Nymphenburg (porcelain maker), 197

Obama, Barack, 13, 15

Objectified (film), 106

Occupy movement, 89, 129, 143–4

octothorp (octothorpe), 133–4, 144

O’Galop see Rossillon, Marius

Ogiwamba, 138

Olinsky, Frank, 140

olive branch symbol, 129

Olivetti, 20, 115

OMA, 196, 200

‘On Computable Numbers’ (Turing), 181

One Laptop per Child (OLPC), 212–17

open source design, 43, 198, 201

Open Structures design group, 201

Origin of Species, The (Darwin), 177

Olympic Games, London 2012 logo, 51, 142

Orwell, George, 184

Osborne, Adam, 182

Our Private Lives (Neurath), 149

Owen, Nicholas (‘Little John’), 32–3, 44

Oxford English Dictionary, 16, 22, 223

P&O-Orient Lines, 131

packaging 57–8, 86–7, 164, 221

Page, Larry, 48

Palm Beach County, 72–4

Panton, Verner, 31–2, 40, 117

Papanek, Victor, 169–70, 218

Papert, Seymour, 212

Paralympic games, 63, 65

Paris Métro map, 153

Participle (social design group), 23–5, 41–2, 208–10, 220, 222

Paul v, Pope, 57

Payne, Alexander, 119

Peace corps, 211, 217

peace symbols, 129, 134

Peel, Robert, 36

Pemberton, John, 136

Penguin Books, 31, 38, 142

‘Penguin Composition Rules’, 31

Perriand, Charlotte, 43, 77, 120

personal monitoring devices, 187

Phillips auction house, 119–20

Pick, Frank, 80

Pickhan, 121

Pig 05049 (Meindertsma), 124

Pilloton, Emily, 41, 202–7, 210, 222

piracy (maritime), 29–30

Pistoletto, Michelangelo, 117

Plato, 46, 56, 110, 113

Playboy (magazine), 99

Playfair, William, 147

PlayPumps, 216–17

Plug-In City, 196

‘Pocket Calculator’ (kraftwerk), 188

pocket calculators, 98, 188

Polak, Paul, 202, 207, 211–12

political activism, 129, 175

political symbols, 129, 134, 143–4

Polke, sigmar, 20

Poole, HMS, 30

Post-it Notes, 50–51, 54–5, 86

postmodernism, 20, 40, 117–8, 122

poverty, 23–4, 145–6, 202, 211–20

Powers of Ten (film), 115

Poynor, Rick, 122

Prada, 30, 82, 91

Preminger, Otto, 49

Priestley, Joseph, 34

Princeton, University of, 181

Principles of Scientific Management, The (Taylor), 194

Processing programming language, 158, 198

product design, 52, 94–107, 157, 200

Project H, 41, 203–5, 217

prosthetics, 63–7, 78, 200

Prouvé, Jean, 120

Pugin, A. N. W., 36

Qin Shihuangdi, 11–12, 13–15, 18, 24, 32, 44, 193, 223

Queen’s Ware dinner service, 34–5, 90, 92

Raby, Fiona, 123, 125, 201

Rackham, Bernard, 91, 93

rainbow flag, 127

raised fist symbol, 129, 144, 147

Rams, Dieter, 38, 79–80, 94–8, 100, 106, 108, 125, 180

Rand, Paul, 83, 100, 115, 127, 138–9

rapid prototyping process, 199

Raum der Gegenwart (Room of Today), 113

Rauschenberg, Robert, 114

Ray, Man, 80

Read, Herbert, 91, 93, 113–14

Reas, Casey, 158, 198, 222

record players, SK4 (‘Snow White’s Coffin’), 95–6

Recorde, Robert, 129, 132

recycling, 87, 164, 170–71, 174

Red Cross, 50

‘Red Vienna’, 149, 169

Reich, Lilly, 43

Reidemeister, Marie, 149, 208, 210

Reinventing the Automobile (Mitchell), 166

Relational Aesthetics movement, 119

Repeat fabric (Maharam), 195

Richard I, King, 134

Richmond station, 151

Richter, Gerhard, 76

Rietveld, Thomas Gerrit, 168–9

Ritchie, Dennis, 8, 43, 198

Ritter, Nate, 134

road signs, 130–32, 130

road transport, 25, 130–32, 164–7

Roberts, Bartholomew ‘Black Bart’, 29–32, 130

Robertson, Macpherson, 136

Robinson, Frank, 136

Rossillon, Marius, 139

Rothenberg, David, 188

Royal College of Art, 37, 123

Rubinstein, Jon, 102

Rudofsky, Bernard, 25

Rüegg, Ruedi, 71, 130, 132

Ruscha, Ed, 20

Saint Laurent, Yves, 82–3, 117

St Matthew Island, Alaska, 173

Salle, David, 118

Samsung, 13

San Diego county, California, 133–4

SANAA, 53, 200

Sand County Almanac, A (Leopold), 169

Sanga Moses, 218–20, 222

Santa Maria novella, 135

SARs (severe acute respiratory syndrome), 61–2, 86

SAS Royal Hotel, Copenhagen, 179

Saville, Peter, 24–5, 118

Sayers, Dorothy L., 31

Schiphol Airport, Amsterdam, 132

Schlemmer, Oskar, 112

Schnabel, Julian, 118

Scorsese, Martin, 39, 49

Scott, Ridley, 184

Scott Brown, Denise, 20, 118

Seagram Building, New York, 196

Sears Roebuck, 43, 77

Senegal, 212

sensor technology, 187

Serra, Richard, 121

Shakespeare, Tom, 78–9

Shaw, Paul, 81

Shell, 39

Sherman, Cindy, 118

shoes, 7, 78, 198

signage, 71–2, 130–32

Silent Spring (Carson), 169

Silicon Valley, 98

Silver, Spencer, 54–5

Simonson, Mark, 52

Sinclair, Cameron, 203, 211

Sinclair, Clive, 182

skull and crossbones symbol, 29–30, 130

Slimane, Hedi, 83

Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 155

Smeed, R. J., 166–7

‘Smeed’s law’, 166–7

Smith, Zadie, 191

Smyth, Paul, 171–2

Snow, John, 147, 154

soccer balls 68–70, 85–6

Jabulani, 69–70, 85–6

Questra, 69–70

Tango España, 69

+Teamgeist, 69–70

Telstar, 68–9

social design, 23–5, 41–2, 145–50, 154, 202–220

software 7, 9, 52, 83, 155, 183, 197, 214

Smething & Son, 171–2, 207

Sottsass, 20, 117–18

South Africa, 69–70, 85, 216

Southwark Council, 209–10

Spain, 129, 165

speculative design, 123

Spencer, Herbert, 130–31

Spencerian script, 136

Sperry bombsight computer, 156

sports, 64–5, 67–70, 136–7, 142

Spielberg, Steven, 186

Spore (video game), 192 standardization 13, 91–2, 193–5, 199, 223

Starbucks, 84

Starck, Philippe, 40–41, 57

Starling, Simon, 119

Starry Messenger, The (Galileo), 147

Steffen, Alex, 211

Stohr, Kate, 203, 211

Stölzl, Gunta, 112

Strausfeld, Lisa, 156, 213

Strauss, Johann, 93

Strite, Charles, 84

Stubbs, George, 35

Studio 804, 211

Studio H (design course), 41, 202, 204–7, 220

style, 9, 19

Sullivan, Louis, 176–7

‘Sullivan’s Law’, 176–8, 187, 189

Summers, Annice, 128

Sumptuary Laws, 90

Superstudio, 117

surrealism, 116

sustainability, 21, 23, 42, 58–9, 86, 161–75, 201, 203, 214, 218–20, 222

Sutherland, Graham, 80

Swingjugend movement, 95, 98

synthesizing, 191–2

Taliesin West, Arizona, 169

‘Tall Buildings Artistically Considered’ (Sullivan), 176

Tawaraya (conversation pit), 117

Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 193–4

Teach, Edward (‘Blackbeard’), 29–30, 32, 44, 130

techn, 109

Templetown, Lady Elizabeth, 35, 91

‘Ten Principles of Good Design’ (Rams), 180

Terracotta Army, 14–15

Tesler, Larry, 183

textiles, 43, 195, 112

Thackara, John, 170, 211

Thatcher, Margaret, 142

Th!nk, the, 143

Thonet, Michael, 91–3, 95, 105–7, 177

3D printing, 10, 44, 53, 199–201

3M, 54–5

Tianjin, China, 165–6

Tillmans, Wolfgang, 118

Time (magazine), 39, 114

Tiravanija, Rirkrit, 119

Tokyo subway map, 152–3

Tomlinson, Raymond, 133

toothbrushes, 86–7, 163–4

Toyota Prius, 58–9

Toys ’R’ Us, 143

traffic lights, 165–6

transport design, 24, 80–1, 150–4, 164–6, 174

transistor technology, 6, 154, 189, 199

Trash Vortex, 163

Treitel-Gratz Co, 121

Trockel, Rosemarie, 76

Truffaut, Fransçois, 122

Tschichold, Jan, 31, 38, 40, 44, 149

Tufte, Edward, 147–8

Tugendhat, Villa, Brno, 196

Turing, Alan, 127, 181

TWA airline, 180

Twitter, 58, 133–4, 141, 144, 191–2

2001: A Space Odyssey (film), 179

Twombly, Cy, 51

typefaces, 51–2, 55, 81, 128

Adobe Myriad, 127

Akzidenz grotesk, 97

Arial, 51–2, 77

Futura, 193

Garamond, 127

Georgia, 55, 85

Helvetica, 51–2, 77, 81, 97

sans serif, 51–2, 55, 127

Standard Medium, 81

Verdana, 55, 193

Typographica (magazine), 130

Uganda, 203–4, 210, 218–19

Ulm Hochschule für Gestaltung, 94–5

Umeda, Masanori, 118

Unfold design group, 201

Unimark design group, 81

United Airlines, 179

‘Un-Named Design’ (2011 exhibition), 25–6, 119

UPS, 83

Urbani, Carlo, 61

urban cycle-hire systems, 166

urban planning 25, 130–1, 165

US presidential elections, 13, 15, 72–4

user interface design (UI), 70–4, 82–3, 107, 182–7, 193

Vapors project, 157

Vasari, Gorgio, 17, 110

Velden, Daniel van der, 123

Vélib’, 143, 166

Venturi, Robert, 20, 118

Verostko, Roman, 157

Verrocchio, Andrea del, 110

Vertigo (film), 49–50

Vertov, Dziga, 113

Victoria & Albert Museum, 37

Vienna Secession, 111

Vietnam war, 46–7

Vignelli, Massimo, 153–4, 158–9

Virgin Atlantic, 142

Visual Language Workshop (VLW), 20–21

‘Visualization in Scientific Computing’ (graphics Panel), 157

Vitra, 195–6

Vogue (magazine), 39, 91

volunteering, 23, 203–5, 211, 217–18

von Neumann, John, 181

wabi-sabi, 53

Wagenfeld, Wilhelm, 94–5, 112

Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, 122

war 11–3, 46–7, 95

Warhol, Andy, 117

Warner Amex, 140

waste management, 170–71, 174

Water Aid, 217

Water for People (charity), 217

water purification units, 86

Watson Jnr, Thomas J., 20, 115, 119

Watt, James, 34

Watts, Bob, 65

Wayne, Ron, 127

weapons, 11–12, 15–16, 46–7

Webb, Beatrice, 145

website design, 79, 85

Wedgwood, Josiah, 18–19, 24, 34–5, 80, 90–91, 105–7, 110, 174, 193, 199

‘Weekender, The’, interactive subway map, 158

Weisshaar, Clemens, 197

Whetstone of Witte, The (Recorde), 129

Whieldon, Thomas, 34

Wikipedia, 73, 191–2

Williams, Raymond, 118–19

Windsor Super Market, 205

Wissig, Benno, 132

Wood, William, 34

World Bank, 23, 208, 211

World Cup soccer tournament, 67–70, 85

World Design Science Decade, 21

World Economic Forum, 167, 212

World Health Organization, 61

World Wide Web, 141, 166

World’s Fairs, 36

Wozniak, Steve ‘Woz’, 98–9, 126–7, 182

Wright, Frank Lloyd, 169

Wright, Joseph, 35

Xerox PARC, 107, 183

Xianyang, 13

XO-1 computer, 213–15

XO-3 computer, 216

Yanagi, Soetsu, 54

Yanagi, Sori, 54

Ying Zheng, 11–12, 16;

see also Qin Shihuangdi

You Are Not a Gadget (Lanier), 191

Zullinger, Sdney W., 204–5

Zurich Airport signage system, 70–71, 130, 132