List of Figures

Figure 1.1    A basic land use location set-up

Figure 1.2    Commuting trips

Figure 1.3    Freight trips to intermediate producers

Figure 1.4    Freight trips to intermediate producers on other regions

Figure 2.1    MATLAB® plot of y versus x

Figure 2.2    MATLAB plot of the feasible space

Figure 2.3    Initial set for metal sheet

Figure 2.4    Assuming squares for top and bottom

Figure 2.5    Constraints on metal sheet

Figure 2.6    Gradient example: graphical representation

Figure 2.7    Excel spreadsheet for gradient search

Figure 2.8    Metal sheet for Exercise 3

Figure 2.9    Metal sheet for Exercise 4

Figure 2.10  Solution of Exercise 3

Figure 2.11  Solution Exercise 5

Figure 3.1    Feasible space

Figure 3.2    Moving the objective

Figure 3.3    Finding the optimal point

Figure 3.4    Graphical solution of the global objective

Figure 3.5    Inferiority with ranges

Figure 4.1    Sample histogram

Figure 4.2    Normality test plot

Figure 4.3    Boxplot of C1 and C2

Figure 4.4    Histogram

Figure 4.5    Steps 1–4

Figure 4.6    Steps 5–8

Figure 4.7    Steps 9–11

Figure 4.8    Final boxplots

Figure 4.9    Conditional probabilities

Figure 4.10  Marginal probabilities

Figure 4.11  Conditional probabilities

Figure 4.12  Exercise 4.5

Figure 4.13  Solution Exercise 4.6

Figure 4.14  Solution Exercise 4.2 part (a) standard deviation

Figure 4.15  Solution Exercise 4.2 part (b) boxplots

Figure 4.16  Solution Exercise 4.3 marginal and conditional probabilities

Figure 4.17  Solution Exercise 4.4 regression: year of construction on rim elevation

Figure 4.18  Solution Exercise 4.4 regression: year of construction on bottom elevation

Figure 4.19  Solution Exercise 4.6

Figure 4.20  Solution Exercise 4.7 part (a)

Figure 4.21  Solution Exercise 4.7 part (b)

Figure 5.1    Excel set-up

Figure 5.2    Excel’s add-in solver set-up

Figure 5.3    STATA® linear regression

Figure 5.4    Standardized betas

Figure 5.5    Calibrated scores for roadway lighting

Figure 5.6    Making predictions

Figure 5.7    Exercise 5.2 making estimations

Figure 5.8    Exercise 5.3 making estimations

Figure 5.9    Data for Exercise 4

Figure 5.10  Solution for Exercise 5.1 making predictions

Figure 5.11  Solution for Exercise 5.1: IRI (m/Km) versus time (years)

Figure 5.12  Solution for Exercise 5.2 estimation of coefficient predictions

Figure 5.13  Solution for Exercise 5.2 Excel interface for the estimation

Figure 5.14  Solution for Exercise 5.3 estimating contribution power

Figure 5.15  Solution for Exercise 5.4 estimating α and β

Figure 5.16  Solution for Exercise 5.5 simple regression

Figure 6.1    Elements of land use transport models

Figure 6.2    Production constrained gravitational example

Figure 6.3    Prediction of trips for production constrained

Figure 6.4    Prediction of trips for attraction constrained

Figure 6.5    Doubly constrained

Figure 6.6    Solution to the doubly constrained gravitational problem

Figure 6.7    Selecting bus to commute to work

Figure 6.8    Multinomial logit, base = bus trip

Figure 6.9    Our metropolitan area

Figure 6.10  Calibrating α and β

Figure 6.11  Set-up for steps 3 and 4

Figure 6.12  TRANUS inputs/outputs

Figure 6.13  TRANUS mechanisms

Figure 6.14  Exercise 6.1

Figure 6.15  Solution to Exercise 6.1

Figure 6.16  Solution Exercise 6.2

Figure 6.17  Solution Exercise 6.3

Figure 6.18  Solution Exercise 6.4

Figure 7.1    Handmade node structure

Figure 7.2    One-scale flight network

Figure 7.3    One-scale flight network with costs

Figure 7.4    An expanded flight network

Figure 7.5    Problem definition

Figure 7.6    Constraint set-up

Figure 7.7    Objective set-up for one variable

Figure 7.8    Objective set-up across variables

Figure 7.9    Limiting values on the constraints

Figure 7.10  Solver: definition of the left-hand side

Figure 7.11  Final problem set-up in Excel

Figure 7.12  Optimal values for the decision variables

Figure 7.13  Canadian network

Figure 7.14  Objective and constraints for Canadian network

Figure 7.15  Solution for Canadian network

Figure 7.16  Allocation of works to contractors

Figure 7.17  Excel set-up for contractor allocation

Figure 7.18  Solver set-up for contractor allocation

Figure 7.19  Final solution for a contractor allocation

Figure 7.20  Coordination of works

Figure 7.21  Coordination: Time and space openings

Figure 7.22  Coordination set-up

Figure 7.23  Example of a vehicle flow

Figure 7.24  Vehicle flow in a road network

Figure 7.25  Pedestrians at underground tunnels

Figure 7.26  Excel set-up for underground tunnels

Figure 7.27  Solver set-up for underground tunnels

Figure 7.28  Exercise 7.1

Figure 7.29  Exercise 7.2

Figure 7.30  Exercise 7.5

Figure 7.31  Solution to Exercise 7.5

Figure 8.1    Roads’ deterioration and cost

Figure 8.2    Linear deterioration

Figure 8.3    Total enumeration example

Figure 8.4    Overall method

Figure 8.5    Excel set-up for infrastructure management

Figure 8.6    Extended Excel set-up with objective and constraints

Figure 8.7    Travel time reduction strategy

Figure 8.8    Gravel: left, coast; right, mountain

Figure 8.9    Deterioration: (a) mountain; (b) coast

Figure 8.10  Scenario 1: (a) condition; (b) cost

Figure 8.11  Scenario 1: (a) condition; (b) cost

Figure 8.12  Gravel: (a) condition; (b) cost

Figure 8.13  Asphalt: (a) condition; (b) cost

Figure 8.14  Gravel: Costs and condition

Figure 8.15  Pavement condition across time

Figure 8.16  Exercise 1

Figure 8.17  Performance numbers

Figure 8.18  Performance curves

Figure 8.19  Exercise 2

Figure 9.1    Decision tree

Figure 9.2    Conditional probabilities

Figure 9.3    Experiment decision tree

Figure 9.4    Marginal probabilities for the state of nature

Figure 9.5    Final decision tree

Figure 9.6    Final decision tree

Figure 9.7    OPENBUGS interface

Figure 9.8    Final decision tree

Figure 9.9    Before and after removal of convergence

Figure 9.10  Coefficients

Figure 9.11  Model specification: Non-informative

Figure 9.12  Model specification: Non-informative

Figure 9.13  Estimation of coefficients: Non-informative

Figure 9.14  Comparison tool

Figure 9.15  Model fit: Predicted IRI versus ESALs

Figure 9.16  Model specification

Figure 9.17  Model fit: Mean versus ESALs

Figure 9.18  Model fit: Predicted IRI versus ESALs

Figure 9.19  Box plot for mean (μ) IRI