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Contents

List of figures

List of tables

Acknowledgements

Permissions

List of contributors

Introduction

PART I
Conceptualising and positioning ELF

  1    Conceptualising ELF

Anna Mauranen

  2    English as a lingua franca and intercultural communication

Will Baker

  3    Communities of practice and English as a lingua franca

Susanne Ehrenreich

  4    Complexity and ELF

Diane Larsen-Freeman

  5    English language teaching: pedagogic reconnection with the social dimension

Constant Leung and Jo Lewkowicz

  6    Cognitive perspectives on English as a lingua franca

Christopher J. Hall

  7    Standard English and the dynamics of ELF variation

Barbara Seidlhofer

  8    Historical perspectives on ELF

H.G. Widdowson

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PART II
The regional spread of ELF

  9    ELF and the EU/wider Europe

Tamah Sherman

10    English as a lingua franca in the Gulf Cooperation Council states

Nuha Alharbi

11    The development of English as a lingua franca in ASEAN

Andy Kirkpatrick

12    Chinese English as a lingua franca: an ideological inquiry

Ying Wang

13    The status of ELF in Japan

James F. D’Angelo

14    ELF in Brazil: recent developments and further directions

Telma Gimenez, Michele Salles El Kadri and Luciana Cabrini Simões Calvo

15    Is English the lingua franca of South Africa?

Christa van der Walt and Rinelle Evans

PART III
ELF characteristics and processes

16    Analysing ELF variability

Ruth Osimk-Teasdale

17    The pragmatics of ELF

Alessia Cogo and Juliane House

18    Pronunciation and miscommunication in ELF interactions: an analysis of initial clusters

Ishamina Athirah Gardiner and David Deterding

19    Creativity, idioms and metaphorical language in ELF

Marie-Luise Pitzl

20    Grammar in ELF

Elina Ranta

21    Morphosyntactic variation in spoken English as a lingua franca interactions: revisiting linguistic variety

Beyza Björkman

22    Language norms in ELF

Niina Hynninen and Anna Solin

23    Uncooperative lingua franca encounters

Christopher Jenks

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PART IV
Contemporary domains and functions

24    Translingual practice and ELF

Daisuke Kimura and Suresh Canagarajah

25    ELF in the domain of business—BELF: what does the B stand for?

Anne Kankaanranta and Leena Louhiala-Salminen

26    ELF in social contexts

Kaisa S. Pietikäinen

27    Humour in ELF interaction: a powerful, multifunctional resource in relational practice

Patricia Pullin

28    ELF in electronically mediated intercultural communication

Chittima Sangiamchit

29    ELF and multilingualism

Alessia Cogo

30    ELF and translation/interpreting

Michaela Albl-Mikasa

PART V
ELF in academia

31    Beyond monolingualism in higher education: a language policy account

Ute Smit

32    EMI in higher education: an ELF perspective

Kumiko Murata and Masakazu Iino

33    Written academic English as a lingua franca

Bruce Horner

34    Transforming higher education language and literacy policies: the contribution of ELF

Ursula Wingate

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PART VI
ELF, policy and pedagogy

35    ELF and teacher education

Martin Dewey and Laura Patsko

36    ELF-aware teaching, learning and teacher development

Nicos Sifakis and Yasemin Bayyurt

37    ELF and ELT teaching materials

Nicola Galloway

38    ELF and Content and Language Integrated Learning

Julia Hüttner

39    ELT and ELF in the East Asian contexts

Ayako Suzuki, Haibo Liu and Melissa H. Yu

40    Language as system and language as dialogic creativity: the difficulties of teaching English as a lingua franca in the classroom

Sue Wright and Lin Zheng

41    English language teachers and ELF

Enric Llurda

PART VII
ELF into the future: trends, debates, predictions

42    English as a lingua franca: changing ‘attitudes’

Robert Baird and Mariko Baird

43    ELF in migration

Maria Grazia Guido

44    Global languages and lingua franca communication

Sonia Morán Panero

45    Language assessment: the challenge of ELF

Luke Harding and Tim McNamara

46    ELF and critical language testing

Elana Shohamy

47    The future of English as a lingua franca?

Jennifer Jenkins

Index