Index

A

abiogenesis (spontaneous generation) 176–77

Agassiz, Louis 29, 163, 164, 176

Alabama Course of Study—Science (the “Alabama Insert”) ix, 3, 5–22

Al-Jahiz (Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Fuqaimi al-Basri al-Jahiz) 41

Book of Animals 41

Angell, Frank 129, 130

anti-evolution 218, 225

apes 22, 94, 108–09, 147, 228–29

Archaeopteryx 225

Ardipithecus ramidus 96, 96 (fig), 229

Argentina 33, 34, 47

Bahia Banca 26

Rio Negro 26, 46

Aristotle 41, 42, 146, 231

artificial selection 8–9, 9 (fig), 10, 116, 125

assortative mating 100, 102

atheism 109, 229, 231

Australopithecus 22, 96, 96 (fig)

B

Baldwin, James 206

Darwin and the Humanities 206

Baronius, Cardinal 237

Barry, Martin 163–64

behavior xii, 79, 83, 84, 86, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 143, 144–47, 195, 206, 210, 213, 225, 232, 237, 245. See also Instinct. See also On the Expression of Emotions in Man and Other Animals.

and learning 132, 133

display behavior 83

mating behavior 84, 85, 87, 129, 225.

Bell, Charles 125

Bernal, John Desmond 178, 186

Biston betularia (peppered moth) 8

black smoker site 192–93

bluebird (eastern) 85

Boldt, Joachim 235

bowerbird 85

Brassica olearacea (cabbage) 9, 10 (fig)

Broca, Paul 125

Bronowski, Jacob 112, 117

Knowledge or Certainty 117

Burke, James 106

C

Cairns-Smith, Graham 186, 187, 190, 191, 192

Cambrian Explosion 4, 15–16

Cambridge 24–25, 28, 44, 108

Christ’s College 24, 25, 44, 46

Canary Islands 146

Cape Verde Islands 25–26

Carnegie, Andrew 113–14, 115

Cattell, James McKeen 129

Chaisson, Eric 197–98

Chambers, Robert 161

Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation 161

Chardin, Pierre Teilhard de 132

chase-away model 88

Chile 27, 29

Andes 27, 47

Chonos Archipelago 27

Valdivia 27

China 66, 70, 71, 72, 146, 225

Chyba, Christopher 179

Christianity 7, 210, 217, 218, 230, 231, 237

Christina of Tuscany 237

Cleland, Carol 179

closed system 226, 227

Cochran, Gregory 99

Collins, Francis 230

The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief 230

Collodi, Carlo xiii, 205–06, 207, 208–09, 213, 214. See also Pinocchio.

Copernican Revolution xi, 105

Copernicus, Nicolaus xi, 105, 108

creation myths 7, 126

creation science 22, 236

creationism (creationist) ix, 8, 11, 19, 20, 218, 231, 235

D

Darwin, Charles Robert

and collections 41–56

and origin of life 175–204

and Social Darwinism 105–122

and Wallace and Malthus 57–76

legacy in psychology 123–140

as geologist 23–40

post-Beagle voyage 28–35

post-Beagle papers 36

significance of his great idea 217–240

Darwin, Emma Wedgwood (wife) 50

Darwin, Erasmus (grandfather) 42, 58, 80, 107, 160, 205

The Temple of Nature: Or, The Origin of Society: A Poem, with Philosophical Notes 205

Darwin, Robert (father) 42

Darwin, Susannah Wedgwood (mother) 42

Darwin, William Erasmus (son) 36

Darwinian revolution 105, 106

Darwin’s Bulldog 61, 109, 167. See also Thomas Henry Huxley.

David 227–28

David, Patrice 180

Dawkins, Richard xi, 5, 168

The God Delusion 168, 242

de Vries, Hugo 177

De Waal, Frans 64

deDuve, Christian 188

Dennett, Dan 135, 136

Darwin’s Dangerous Idea 135

Descartes, Rene 113, 124

Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex xi, xii, 36, 78, 94, 99, 110, 126, 127, 128, 129, 142, 206

Dewsbury, Donald A. 126

differential reproduction 77

dinosaurs 6–7, 10, 29, 224–25, 236

Dismal Theorum 60, 62. See also Thomas Malthus.

DNA 20, 21, 49, 93, 97, 159, 169, 177–78, 180, 181, 183, 185, 189, 190, 191, 221, 222, 224, 229, 232, 234

Dobzhansky, Theodosius 232

dogs, domestic 8, 9 (fig)

Donald, Merlin 134–35

A Mind So Rare 134

Down House 36–37

E

East India College 57, 60

Edinburgh, Scotland 205

Edmonstone, John 43

Eldredge, Niles 20

embryology 111, 157–174

embryogenesis 157, 171

Essay on the Principles of Population (Malthus) x, 59, 60, 62, 65. See also Thomas Malthus, Dismal Theorum.

eugenics 116–17

evo-devo (evolution of developmental mechanisms ) vii, xii, xiii, 170, 172

F

Falkland Islands 26, 33

finches viii, x, 8, 28, 48, 147, 221, 225. See also Galapagos.

Fisher, R. A. (1890–1962) 88, 168

Fitzroy, Captain Robert M. 33, 41, 46, 48

fluctuating asymmetry 89

fossil record x, 4, 15, 18, 19, 20, 219, 223, 224, 229

Fox, Sidney 184

Freemasonry. See Masonry (Masonic).

Freud, Sigmund 105–06, 135, 208

fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) 169, 221, 223

futurists 94, 100, 102. See also J. Storrs Hall, Ray Kurzweil.

G

Galapagos viii, x, 8, 17, 27–28, 47, 48, 49, 51

Galileo (Galilei) xi, 237

Gall, Franz 124

Galton, Francis 123, 125

Hereditary Genius 125

Garrod, Archibald 178

genes 9, 14, 22, 78, 81, 89, 96–97, 99–101, 125, 127, 145, 169, 171–72, 177, 181 (fig), 219, 221, 223, 225, 228, 234, 236

genetic drift 95, 222

genetic engineering 100, 101, 102, 234–35

germ cell theory 177

Gilbert, Walter 190

Goldschmidt, Richard Benedict 169–70. See also “hopeful monsters.”

good genes model 89

Gould, John 48, 50

Gould, Stephen J. 20, 112, 170

Ontogeny and Phylogeny 170

Grant, Robert Edmund 43–44, 52, 160, 161

Gray, Asa 161, 162, 164

Griffith, Frederick 178

Guroian, Vigen 209, 210

Tending the Heart of Virtue 209

H

Haeckel, Earnst Heinrich Philipp August xiii, 115–17, 164–68, 170

Anthropogenie; oder, Entwickelungsgeschichte des Menschen 168

stem trees 168

Haldane, John Burdon Sanderson 179–80, 181, 182, 183

Hall, G. Stanley 129

Hall, J. Storrs 102. See also Futurists.

handicap hypothesis 88–89

Harpending, Henry 95

Harvey, William 176

Hauser, Mark 64

Hawks, John 95, 97

Hazen, Robert 187, 189

Henslow, John Stevens 24, 25, 26, 28, 44, 46, 50

Herder, Johann 107

heritable 88, 101–02, 158, 160

heterochrony 170, 171

heterotopy 171. See also Stephen J. Gould.

Hitler, Adolph 116–17

HMS Beagle x, xiv, 2, 25–28, 29, 31, 37, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 57, 58, 110, 117, 160, 161

Narrative of the Surveying Voyages of His Majesty’s Ships Adventure 49

The Zoology of the Voyage of the H.M.S. Beagle 36, 49, 50

Hominidae (hominid) 96 (fig), 229

Homo erectus 20, 22, 96, 96 (fig)

Homo sapiens xi, 20, 22, 94, 96, 96 (fig), 229

Hooke, Robert 176

Hooker, John D. 51–52

Hooker, Joseph Dalton 161–62, 164

“hopeful monsters” 169–70

Hoyle, Fred 14

Huia 83

Hume, David 107

Huxley, Julian 82

Huxley, Thomas Henry 51, 61, 62, 109, 111, 161, 164, 167, 170, 179. See also Darwin’s Bulldog.

I

iguanas 47

India 66, 72, 73–74

Kerala 72, 73–74

instinct 61, 63, 114, 123, 126, 127, 128, 130

instinctive behavior 126–27

intelligent design 231, 235–36

intersexual selection 80

intrasexual selection 80

J

James, William 125, 129, 130–31, 133, 137

Principles of Psychology 130

Jameson, Robert 23–24

Jenyns, Leonard 46, 50

Jones, Steve 98

Joyce, Gerald 178–79, 195, 196

Joyce, Richard 64

Judson, Horace Freeland 178

K

Kitzmiller et al. v. Dover 235

Kohler, Wolfgang 146

Kurzweil, Ray 102. See also Futurists.

Kuznets, Lois Rostow 209

When Toys Come Alive 209

L

Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste 42, 107, 132, 160, 162, 163, 166, 206

Lane, Edward 110

“law of effect” 133, 145. See also Edward Lee Thorndike.

Leibniz, Gottfried von 124

Lepadidae (cretaceous barnacles) 34

Letters on Geology (Henslow) 28

Lincoln, Tracey 195–96

Linnean classification 42

Linneaus, Carolus (Carl Linne) 42

Linnean Society in London 162

Systema Naturae 42

Littleton-Franklin Lectures 5

Locke, John 124

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding 124

Lost City 192, 193, 194 (fig), 197

Lyell, Charles x, 25–26, 27, 28, 29, 37, 161–62

Principles of Geology x, 25, 26, 27, 28

M

macroevolution 3, 7–8, 9, 169, 222–23, 224

Magendie, Francois 125

Malthus, Thomas Robert x, 4, 57, 58–63, 65–66, 67, 68–69, 72, 74, 161

Mansy, Sheref 185

Martens, Conrad 50

Masons, Masonry xiii, 205, 206, 211, 213, 214

Mayr, Ernst 78, 135–36

One Long Argument 135

Mazzini, Giuseppe 205

McDougall, William 132

McLean v. Arkansas Board of Education 235

Mendel, Gregor Johann 168, 169, 177, 178

Michelangelo 227–28

microevolution 3, 7, 8, 9, 198, 222, 223,

Miller, Geoffrey 134

The Mating Mind 134

Miller, Kenneth 230

Finding Darwin’s God: A Scientist’s Search for Common Ground Between God and Evolution 230

Miller, Stanley 183, 187, 191

Milne-Edwards, Henri 163

missing link 229

mitochondrial DNA 97

mockingbirds 48, 49. See also Galapagos.

modern synthesis 135, 159, 168, 177

Mohler, R. Albert Jr. 218

monogamy 82

Morange, Michael 179, 180

Morgan, C. Lloyd 131, 132, 136, 144

Emergent Evolution 132

Introduction to Comparative Psychology 131

“Morgan’s Canon” 132, 144

Moyzis, Robert 95, 97. See also Eric Wang.

Muller, Johannes 125

Muller, Oliver 235

mutation (transmutation, variation) 14, 20, 29, 36–37, 96–97, 99, 107, 132, 159, 161, 166, 169, 186, 195, 221

N

natural selection vii, ix, x, xi, xii, xiii, 8–9, 10, 13–15, 17, 21, 41, 57–59, 61, 63, 64, 77–81, 84, 86, 88, 95, 98, 101, 106–08, 109, 111, 115, 118, 125, 126, 129–30, 133, 135, 145, 158–59, 162, 164, 169, 180, 186, 195, 198, 205, 206, 207, 219–22, 223, 225, 228, 234, 235, 243

nature versus nurture 125

nematode worm (Caenorhabditis elegans) 169

neo-Malthusianism 66–67

Nilsson, Dan 11, 12, 12 (fig), 13, 16

O

Olson, Debora 148

On the Expression of Emotions in Man and Other Animals xii, 126, 127, 129

On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection vii, viii, xi, xii, xiii, xiv, 36, 37, 52, 57–58, 59, 78, 94, 106, 109, 110, 123, 125, 126, 127, 129, 142, 157–163, 165, 167–68, 170, 206, 217

“ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny” 165, 170. See also Ernst Haeckel.

Oparin, Antonin 180, 181–82, 183, 192

open systems 179, 227

origin of life xii, xiii, xiv, 4, 6, 15, 175, 177, 182, 195, 198, 239

Owen, Richard 29, 37, 50, 161, 164, 170

Oxford Evolution Debate 51

P

Pace, Norman 186, 190

“parallel roads” (Scotland) 29, 30 (fig), 34, 35

Pasteur, Louis 177

Patagonia 26, 31, 47

Pavlov, I. P. 133

Perie, Norman Wingate 178

Perrett, John 179

phylogenetic tree 230 (fig)

Pinocchio 206, 207

Adventures of Pinocchio xiii, 205, 207. See also Carlo Collodi.

Plato xiv, 238–39

Allegory of the Cave (Plato’s Cave) xiv, 238–39

The Republic 238

polyandry 82

polygamy 82

polygyny 82, 83

Pokorny, Adolf R. 116

Polkinghorne, John 231

Belief in God in an Age of Science 231

Port Louis, Falkland Islands 26

Presbyterian Church (USA) 231

Principles of Geology (Charles Lyell) x, 25, 27, 28, 37

psychology 123–140, 141–156

punctuated equilibrium 20, 158. See also Niles Eldredge and Stephen J. Gould.

R

Radiolarians 165, 167. See also Ernst Haeckel.

Raff, Rudy 170

Redi, Francisco 176

religion (faith) 7, 106, 167–68, 207, 210, 213, 218, 230, 231, 232, 235–36

reproductive isolation 17, 51, 84, 98, 159, 220

Rhea darwinii (Darwin’s or lesser rhea, later Rhea pennata) 50

Richards, Robert J. 166, 167

Rio de Janiero, Brazil 26, 47

RNA 180, 181 (fig), 182–83, 183, 185–86, 189, 190–192, 195–96

Rockefeller, John D. 113–14, 115

Roman Catholic Church 209, 210, 231, 237

Romanes, George 113, 131, 132, 143–44, 151

Animal Intelligence 131

Mental Evolution in Animals 131

Ruiz-Pesini, Eduardo 97

runaway selection 88.See also R. A. Fisher.

S

Sagan, Carl 112

Samadi, Sarah 180

Scala naturae 142

Schleiden, Matthias Jakob 176

Schwann, Theodor 176

2nd law of thermodynamics 225–26, 227, 228

Sedgwick, Adam x, 24–25, 26, 36, 46, 108

selfish genes 127

Sen, Amartya 65, 73, 74

sexual dimorphism 83–86

sexual reproduction 21, 61, 63, 69, 81, 82–83, 84, 100, 103, 127, 177, 221

sexual selection x, xi, 77–78, 79, 80–81, 85, 86, 86–87, 87–89, 126, 127, 129, 134, 221

sexy son hypothesis 88

Shapiro, Robert 190

Shaw, George Bernard 108, 112, 118

Shettleworth, Sara 147

Skinner, B. F. 133, 145–46

social Darwinism xi, 105, 107, 109, 111–15, 118

Spallanzani, Lazzaro 177

speciation 51, 101, 219–20, 220 (fig), 221

Spencer, Herbert 112–13

Stebbins, Ledyard 10–11, 13, 16

Stock, Gregory 98

Sumner, William Graham 113, 115

survival of the fittest 77, 112, 114, 115, 206

Sutherland, John 196

synthetic biology (synbio) 190, 234–35

Szostak, Jack 185

T

telomere 93, 190

theory of evolution ix, x, xi, 5, 6, 14, 109, 205, 206, 217, 222, 223, 231, 236

theory of transformation 160. See also Jean-Baptiste Lamarck.

Thorndike, Edward Lee 133, 144–45, 146, 149

Tierra del Fuego (Uruguay) 26, 27

Woolya Cove 26

Tiktaalik 225, 236

Titchener, Edward 129

tortoises 28, 221

transitional forms 4, 19–20, 224–25

tree of life 223, 233

U

United Methodist Church 231

University of Edinburgh x, 23–24, 25, 43–44, 52

Plinian Society 142

Urey, Harold 183. See also Stanley Miller.

Uruguay 27, 47

V

variation xi, 44, 48, 58, 94, 97, 106, 107, 126, 131, 132, 157, 158, 159, 160, 165, 168, 180, 195–96, 206, 219, 221, 222, 223, 226, 228

van Helmont, Jan Baptiste 176

Virchow, Rudolf 176–77

von Baer, Karl Ernst xii, 162, 163–64, 166, 167

W

Wachterhauser, Gunter 187, 190, 192

Wallace, Alfred Russel x, xiv, 52, 54, 57, 58–59, 60, 61, 63–64, 77, 80, 84–85, 161–62

Wang, Eric 95, 97

Washburn, Margaret 131–32

The Animal Mind: A Textbook of Comparative Psychology 131–32

water bug, giant (Belostomatidae) 82

Watson, Hewett 106

Waterton, Charles 43

Wedgwood, Emma. See Darwin, Emma Wedgwood.

Wedgwood, Susannah. See Darwin, Susannah Wedgwood.

Weismann, August 177

Werner, Abraham Gottlob 24

Wernicke, Carl 125

Wilberforce, Bishop Samuel 109

Wills, Christopher 99–100

Woese, Carl 190

Wundt, Wilhelm 125, 129–30

Ethics: An Investigation of the Facts and Laws of the Moral Life 130

Z

Zipes, Jack 208–09

When Dreams Come True 208

Zoology of the Beagle 36

Zoonomia 42, 205. See also Erasmus Darwin.