A
Adler, Alfred, 106
Alcoholics Anonymous, 32
Asch, Solomon, 105
B
belonging, crisis of, xiii–xv, 46–47
belonging, principles for, 31–111
boundary principle, 33–42
initiation principle, 43–47
inner rings principle, 87–111
overview of, 31–32
rituals principle, 49–65
stories principle, 75–80
symbols principle, 81–85
temple principle, 67–73
See also specific principles
belongingness hypothesis, 105
Berrigan, Daniel, 61
birthdays, 50–51, 52, 56, 60, 139–40
boundary principle, 33–42
diaconate’s role, 100
enforcement of boundaries, 37–40
gatekeepers’ role, 40–42
insider safety, 33–34
online communities and, 130
open (unrestricted) communities, 23–24, 34–36
outer vs. inner rings of participation, 24, 36–37
Boy Scouts, 109
Boyce, Mark, 107
Brown, Brené, 77–78
Buddhism, xiii, 39, 75, 81, 87–88, 115
Burning Man festival, 44
Byron Fellowship, 107–8
C
Ceasefire Oakland, 35
Christianity, xiii, 25, 34, 43, 75, 81, 162
communities, features of, 9–28
cult avoidance and, 119–21
groups vs. communities, 17
insider understandings, 26–27, 109–11, 149, 168
membership identity, 16–25, 148, 165–66
moral proscriptions, 25–26, 148–49, 166–67
Ostrom’s work on, 134–35
shared values, 10–16
community building
by acknowledging people who matter, 139–41
benefits of, listed, 3
in new vs. mature communities, 3–4
outsider perspective and, xi
Twitch’s unsure efforts at, 1–2
community management, 123–35
of online communities, 127–34
Ostrom’s work on, 134–35
success, types of, 123–27
contributing, health effects of, 106
corporate values, 14–15, 77, 78, 79
cosmology, 116
CrossFit, 10–12, 14, 32, 71–72, 132
cults, avoidance of, 115–21
D
Day, Dorothy, 143
diaconate, 99–103, 155, 180–81
dinner series community, 157–82
inner ring progression, requirements of, 95
inner rings, characterized, 90, 91–92
origin and evolution of, xiv–xv, 98, 157–63
worksheets for, 164–82
documentary film community, 13, 19–20, 88, 104
E
elders
in diaconate, 99
growth opportunities and, 104
inner ring progression and, 90–95, 125, 154, 179–80
in online communities, 130, 133–34
tokens bestowed by, 84
endings of communities, 137–38
epistemology, 117
F
firefighter community, 17–18, 27
friendship
acknowledgment of, 139–40
community building and, xvii, 97
initiations into, 45–46
inner rings principle, 158
inner rings principle and, xiii, 58, 97–98
online communities and, 21, 73
rituals and, 51
G
gatekeepers, 35, 40–42, 99, 129
Glassman, Greg, 10
Godin, Seth, xvii
Golderer, Bill, 61
Grant, Gabriel, 107–8
growth opportunities, 103–11, 155–56, 181–82
Gutierrez, Ryan, 132
H
Harbaugh, William, 106
Hash House Harriers, 54
Hinduism, 43
I
identity. See membership identity
Indiana University, 107
initiation principle, 43–47
crisis of belonging, 46–47
friendship, initiation into, 45–46
online communities and, 130
purposes and types of initiations, 43–45
rituals, initiations as, 44, 53, 83, 150, 173
inner rings principle, 87–111
diaconate, 99–103, 155, 180–81
dinner series as response to, xiv–xv, 98, 157–63
growth opportunities, 103–11
Lewis’s ideas on, xii–xiii, 58, 96–97, 158
maturation of advancing members, 90–95, 125
ring structure, characterized, 87–90
insider understandings, 26–27, 109–11, 149, 168
invitations, power of, xv, 1, 46–47
J
Jackson, Lolita, 157–58
Jainism, xiii
Jenai, Lauren, 10
Jews and Judaism, xiii, 39, 43, 75
Karate Kid, The, films, 92–94, 110
L
leadership
in cults vs. healthy communities, 118–21
of diaconate, 99–103
ego-based behavior and, 5–6
growth opportunities and, 108
membership boundaries and, 23–24, 35–36, 39–40
rituals change and, 65
temples and, 71
tribal leaders, characterized, 3
worksheet for community leader, 147–49
See also community management; elders
Leary, Mark, 105
Lewis, C. S., xii–xiii, 58, 96–97, 158 See also inner rings principle
loneliness, health effects of, xvi–xvii
M
management of communities. See community management
Mandela, Nelson, 57
Marine Corps, 82
Maslow, Abraham, 105
membership identity, 16–25, 148, 165–66
Merton, Thomas, 61
millennial generation, xvi–xvii
Minium, Mike, 11–12
moral proscriptions, 25–26, 148–49, 166–67
Mormonism, 75
mothers’ communities, 33–34, 76, 102–3
Mounk, Yascha, 39
N
Native American tradition, 68
O
online communities
core values of, 20–22
management of, using seven principles, 130–34
schisms in, 102–3
strengths and weaknesses of, 128–29
Twitch’s unsure outreach, 1–2
origin stories, 76, 116, 153, 169–70
P
Patientslikeme.com, 131
Putnam, Robert, 9
Q
Quaker tradition, 49
Quitnet.com, 131
Qur’an, 75
R
religious or spiritual communities
common features of, 115–17
gays, attitudes toward, 162
initiation into, 43
inner ring organization of, 87
internal growth in, 108–9
membership boundaries in, 23–24, 34, 36, 39
moral proscriptions or truths in, 25, 116–17
new members, connecting with, 4, 15–16, 41–42, 104
outsider perspective and, xi–xii
Pew Research report on participation in, xv–xvi
rituals in, 49
sacred space in, 67–68
stories in, 75
symbols in, 81
rituals principle, 49–65
community display rituals, 54, 151, 175
diaconate’s role, 100
foundational ritual form, 55–64
online communities and, 131
purposes and types of rituals, 49–51
rites of passage, 53, 83 (see also initiation principle)
strengthening of rituals, 51–52
S
sacred space. See temple principle
schisms, 102–3
Schwartz, Carolyn, 106
search and rescue community, 84, 110, 111
silence, power of, 52
sporting events, 54, 56–59, 68, 71, 151, 175–76
stories principle, 75–80
online communities and, 132
origin stories, 76, 116, 153, 169–70
personal stories, 78–80, 153–54, 172
purposes and types of stories, 75
vulnerable stories, 77–78, 153, 171
success, types of, 123–27
Sufism, 49
Surya Das, Lama, 87
symbols principle, 81–85
online communities and, 132–33
purposes and types of symbols, 81–83
tokens as symbols, 83–85
T
Taoism, 81
temple principle, 67–73
creating sacred spaces, 69–71
minor temples, 71–72
online communities and, 72–73, 131
purposes and types of temples, 67–68
Thanksgiving, 50, 51, 54, 57, 59–60, 63–65, 84–85
tokens, 83–85, 150, 152, 174, 176–77
Twitch, 1–2, 72, 78, 129, 132–34
U
Unitarian Universalism, 81
University of Oregon, 106
values, corporate, 14–15, 77, 78, 79
values, shared
of CrossFitters, 10–12, 14, 132
diaconate as embodying, 99–103
explicit vs. implicit, 12, 14–16, 38
inner ring progression and, 94–95
membership boundaries and, 23–24, 38–40
membership identity and, 16–25
stories and, 76, 77, 132, 153, 171
tribes as defined by, 3
vulnerability, 77–78, 153, 171
W
wisdom, ritual sharing of, 61
worksheets
defining my community, 147–49, 164–68
leading growth, 155–56, 181–82
Y