Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
Like most indexes, this one is nowhere near as thorough as it might have been; the tremendous number of items that might have been included would have made the index completely unwieldy.
Certain words and concepts are not separately listed in the index, because they appear far too many times in the book. Examples include Cincinnatian, Ordovician, and Ohio River. Although places in the states of Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio are included in the index, every appearance of the name of the whole state is not.
This volume is not intended as a comprehensive taxonomic work. Hence, we have not endeavored to put every genus, species, and so on, in its complete Linnaean Hierarchy in the index. Rather, we have used the names of upper-level taxa that appear in the text. However, we have departed from this policy in some cases, with the hope of greater clarity and usefulness for the reader.
Although so-called “common names”—things like “brittlestar” and “spiny oyster”—probably should be sandwiched between quotation marks, we chose not to do this so as not to clutter the index more than absolutely necessary.
abalones. See Mollusca: Gastropoda: Archaeogastropoda
absolute age, absolute dating. See time
Acadian Orogeny, Mountains, 8, 62
Acanthochaetetes. See Porifera: sclerosponges, coralline sponges
acetate peels. See techniques
acid dissolution, acid etching. See techniques
Acidaspis. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Odontopleurida
acme zone. See biostratigraphic units: zone: epibole
acritarchs, 52, 67, 68–69, 239, 247, 279, 309
Multiplicisphaeridium: M. micraulaxum, 66, 67
Ordovicium: O. gracile, 66, 67
Veryhachium: V. edenense, 66, 67
Actinoceratoidea. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
acutilirata, Platystrophia. See Brachiopoda
Adams County, Ohio, 75, 158, 162, 163, 216, 229, Pl. 7 aegism. See ecologic associations
age, dating. See time
Ager, Derek V., 7
Aglaspida. See Arthropoda
Agnew, John. 71, 72, 171, 180, Pl. 14
alata, Ctenobolbina. See Arthropoda: Crustacea: Ostracoda
alata, Nereigenys. See Annelida: scolecodonts
Albers, H. E., 259
Aldrich, T. H., 259
Algae, 49, 52, 67–69, 123, 139, 212, 219, 234, 239, 241, 242, 279, 292. See also acritarchs; chitinozoans
Chlorophyta (“green algae”), 67, 68
Anomaloides: A. reticulatus, 68
Cyclocrinites: C. darwini, 66, 67–68
Ischadites: I. circularis, 68
Lepidolites: L. dickhauti, 66, 67, 68
Cyanophyta (called “blue-green algae,” but not actually algae). See Cyanobacteria
Cylindrocoelia: C. covingtonensis, 68
Faberia: F. anomala, 68
Girvanella. See Cyanobacteria
oncolites, 67
Phaeophyta (“brown algae”), 67
Pyrrophyta: dinoflagellates, 69, 239, 248, 283
Rhodophyta (“red algae”), 67, 68
Solenopora: S. richmondensis, 68
stromatolites. See Cyanobacteria
alignment of fossils. See taphonomy
Allocotichnus: A. dyeri. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Allolichas. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Lichida
Alps, 3
alternata, Rafinesquina. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
alveolatus, Megalograptus. See Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Eurypterida
Ambonychia. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
American Midland Naturalist, 172
American Midcontinent Province. See faunal provinces
American Upper Ordovician Standard, 51
amoenum, Beloitoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
Amorphognathus. See conodonts
Amphilichas. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Lichida
Amsden, Thomas W., 54
anacanthus, Arnheimograptus. See Hemichordata: Graptoloidea
Anderson, D. R., 259
andersoni, Pontiometra. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea
anemones. See Cnidaria: Anthozoa
Angseesing, J. P. A., 212, 297
angularis, Glyptocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Camerata
Annelida, 24, 31, 117, 142–145, 147, 182, 265, 306, 309, 316, 319. See also worms
Cornulites, 93, 123, 142, 144, 145, 182, 243, 244, 245, 246, 247, 314, 316
myzostomid annelid worms, 182
Polychaeta, 143, 144, 204, 205, 212, 221, 224, 238, 247, 248
serpulids, 144
spirorbids, 144
Protoscolex, 144
P. ornatus, 142
Nereigenys: N. alata, Pl. 5
Annual Reviews, 4
anomala, Faberia. See Algae
Anomalocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
Anomalodonta. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Anomaloides. See Algae: Chlorophyta: Dasycladaceae
Anthony, John Gould, 259–260, 261, 269, 276
Anthozoa, anthozoans. See Cnidaria
Anticosti Island, Canada, 72–73
Aphelognathus. See conodonts
Aplacophora. See Mollusca
Appalachian Mountains, basin, 3, 5, 8, 10, 53, 61, 216, 220, 231, 233, Pl. 12
approximata, Palaeasterina. See Echinodermata: Asteroidea
Arachnida. See Arthropoda: Chelicerata
aragonite, aragonitic. See calcium carbonate
arca, Archinacella. See Mollusca: Monoplacophora
Archaeogastropoda. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
Archinacella. See Mollusca: Monoplacophora
Arnheim Formation, 44, 48, 53, 68, 105, 107, 108, 123, 151, 153, 164, 176, 180, 196, Pl. 8
Oregonia Member, 44, 53, 56, 63, 223. See also Oregonia Formarion
Sunset Member, 44, 53, 56, 63, 164, 224. See also Sunset Formation
Arnheimograptus. See Hemichordata: Graptoloidea
Arthropoda, 6, 92, 117, 129, 146–164, 204, 205, 221, 222, 224, 245, 253, 280, 282. See also Chelicerata: Arachnida
Aglaspida, aglaspids, 158, 163, 280, 300
Neostrabops, 158, 163; N. martini, 158, 163
mites, 161
ticks, 161
Eurypterida, 147, 154, 158, 159, 161–163, 235, 238, 241, 247, 253, 280, 300, 305
Eocarcinosoma: E. batrachophthalmus, 162
Megalograptus, 154, 158, 159, 161, 162, 253, 305, 312
M. alveolatus, 162
M. shideleri, 162
M. welchi, 162
M. williamsae, 162
Xiphosurida: horseshoe crabs, Limulus, 147, 151, 161, 163, 280, Pl. 3
Chilopoda: centipedes, 147
Crustacea, 26, 30, 147, 148, 151, 163, 210, 237, 238, 241
Isopoda, 148
pillbug, 148
Malacostraca, 248
shrimps, 163
Ostracoda, 30, 31, 35, 129, 147, 160, 163–164, 221, 235, 241, 247, 248, 297, 320
Ceratopsis: C. chambersi, 160, 161
Ctenobolbina: C. alata, 160, 161
Eoleperditia, 163
Leperditicopida, 164
Palaeocopida, 163
Podocopida, 163
Quadrijugator: Q. regularis, 160, 161
Diplopoda: millipedes, 147
Insecta, 105, 119, 147, 162, 282
scorpions. See Chelicerata: Arachnida
spiders. See Chelicerata
ticks. See Chelicerata: Arachnida
Trilobita, 6, 7, 27, 31, 40, 56, 60, 92, 93, 117, 137, 144, 145, 147–157, 160–161, 162, 163, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 210, 212, 219, 220, 223, 224, 225, 226, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 235, 238, 240, 241, 244, 245, 247, 251, 252, 253, 260, 268, 275, 286
Acidaspis. See Odontopleurida
C. meeki. See Flexicalymene meeki
C. meeki-retrorsa. See Flexicalymene retrorsa
C. senaria. See Flexicalymene senaria
Calymenida, calymenids, 149, 151, 226, 241
Flexicalymene, 40, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 160, 207, 210, 224, 225, 226, 229, 232, 251, 253, 264, 298, 317
F. granulosa, 149, 150, 151, 309
F. meeki, 148, 149, 150, 151, 207, 228, 229, 264, 298, 317
F. retrorsa, 149, 150, 151, Pl. 8
Cryptolithus, 113, 155, 203, 204, 210, 225, 226, 232, 240, 241, 253
C. tessellatus, 148, 149, 154, 155
Decoroproetus: D. parviusculus, 154, 155
Flexicalymene. See Calymenida
Gravicalymene. See Calymenida
Isotelus, 27, 60, 137, 148, 153, 154, 155, 203, 204, 207, 210, 224, 225, 226, 232, 235, 240, 241, 252, 299, 305, 316, 317
I. brachycephalus, 153
I. gigas, 153
I. latus, 149
I. maximus, 148, 149, 152, 153, Pl. 7
Allolichas: A. halli, Pl. 6
Amphilichas: A. halli. See Allolichas halli
Odontopleurida, odontopleurids, 156, 160, 251
A. onealli, 271
Triarthrus, 146, 147, 160, 226, 253
T. spinosus, 160
Ceraurinus, 220
C. icarus, 157
Ceraurus: C. milleranus, 157, 269
Platycoryphe: P. christyi, 157
Tricopelta: T. breviceps, 157
Platycoryphe. See Phacopida
Primaspis. See Odontopleurida
Proetus parviusculus. See Decoroproetus parviusculus
trace fossils, 151–153. See also taphonomy: trace fossils
Rusophycus. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Triarthrus. See Olenida
Articulata. See Brachiopoda
Asaphoidichnus. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Ascocerida. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Nautiloidea
Ashermann, George (?), 273, 275
Ashgillian Stage, Pl. 2
associations. See chapters on individual groups of animals; ecologic associations
Asteriacites. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Asteroidea. See Echinodermata
Astraspis. See Chordata: Vertebrata: Agnatha
auburnensis, Platystrophia ponderosa. See Brachiopoda: Platystrophia ponderosa
Aulacera. See Porifera: Stromatoporoidea
Ausich, William I., 186
Austin, George M., 260
Austinella. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
Australia, 199, 215, 241, 251. See also Great Barrier Reef
autecology. See ecology
Babcock, Loren E. 153
bacteria, 123, 239. See also Cyanobacteria
baeri, Charactoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
baeri, Xenocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Camerata
balanoides, Enoploura. See Echinodermata: Stylophora
Baldwin-Wallace College, 29, 30
ball-and-pillow structures, 60, 280
Baltica. See paleogeography
Bambach, Richard K., 237, 238, 239, 300, 315
Bardstown Formation, 214
barnacles. See Arthropoda: Crustacea
Bassler, Ray S., 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 30, 33, 34–36, 48
Bassler, Simon Stein, 34
“Bassleroscope,” 35
batrachophthalmus, Eocarcinosoma. See Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Eurypterida
Baumiller, Tomasz K., 124, 125, 183, 186
Bean, W. H., 260
beani, Ceramopora. See Ectoprocta: Cystoporata
Bear Creek K-bentonite “zone.” See K-bentonite, K-bentonite beds, K-bentonite “zones”
Bear Creek Quarry. See Ohio: Clermont County
bedding index, 49
Bedford, Indiana, 10
behavior (of animals). See chapters on individual groups of animals; taphonomy: trace fossils
Bell, C. M., 212
bellerophontids. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
Bellevue Hill Park, Cincinnati, Ohio, 21
Bellevue House, Cincinnati, Ohio, 21
Bellevue Limestone, 11, 12, 53, 55, 56, 63, 68, 85, 89, 95, 99, 125, 174, 214, 223, 232, 251. See also McMillan Formation
Beloitoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
benthic, benthonic, benthos, 3, 4, 7, 50, 102, 145, 163, 195, 204, 205, 218, 230, 234, 237, 239, 280, 288, 290
bentonite. See K-bentonite
Bergström, Stig M., 2, 51, 62, 196, 306, 308, 319, 321, 331
bibliographies, compilation of, 15, 33, 35
biclavata, Diplocraterion. See taphonomy: trace fossils
bilix lata, Cyclonema. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
bilix, Cyclonema. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
binomen. See taxonomy: nomenclature: species name
Binomial System of Nomenclature. See taxonomy: nomenclature
bioclaustration, 156, 210, 243, 281. See also taphonomy: bioimmuration
biocoenose, biocoenosis. See life assemblage
biofacies. See facies
bioherm, 71, 72, 78–81, 85, 91, 131, 242, 281
“bryoherm,” 91
Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 91, 241
bioimmuration. See taphonomy: bioimmuration
biostratigraphic units, 46, 281
zone, 46
epibole, acme zone, 60, 281, 284
biostratigraphy, 52
biotal succession, 47–49, 61, 281, 292
biozone. See biostratigraphic units: zone
Bischoff, G. C. O., 182
bivalved animals, 281, 290. See also Arthropoda: Crustacea: Ostracoda; Brachiopoda; Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Bivalvia. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Blackwell Publishing, 185, 199, 229,
Blanchester Member. See Waynesville Formation
Blastophycus, 212
Blue Limestone, 47
Blue Miami Limestone, 47
BMHN. See Natural History Museum, London
Boardman, Richard S., 185
body fossils, 6, 143, 203, 204, 212, 281, 293. See also taphonomy, preservation
Bolivia, 200
bony fish. See Chordata: Vertebrata: Osteichthyes
Boone County, Kentucky, 87, 110, 111, 142, 180
boring, borings, 74, 75, 77, 90, 93, 119, 123–125, 130, 182, 203, 206, 210, 211, 236, 242, 243, 244, 293. See also taphonomy: trace fossils
Bouchard, Timothy D., 206, 304
bowdeni, Loxoplocus. See Mollusca: Gastropoda: Paupospira
bowdeni, Paupospira. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
Bowsher, Arthur L., 121
Brachiopoda, 6, 7, 31, 32, 40, 41, 52, 60, 75, 77, 79, 87, 88, 89, 92, 93, 98–115, 119, 123, 124, 125, 127, 128, 129, 130, 137, 144, 162, 172, 178, 179, 182, 188, 189, 206, 219, 220, 221, 223, 224, 225, 231, 232, 233, 235, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 260, 261, 272, 274, 280, 281, 283, 285, 287, 291, 293
Articulata, 40, 93, 100, 101, 102, 103, 105, 112, 130, 261, 283, 291, 293
Austinella, 112
A. scovillei, 273
Catazyga, 112
C. schuchertana, 111
Dalmanella, 57, 113, 114, 225, 232, 233, 240, 253
D. emacerata, 106
Glyptorthis, 112, 220, 224, 233
G. insculpta, 107
Hebertella, 100, 104, 105, 113, 223, 233, 240, 251
H. occidentalis, 107
Hiscobeccus, 112, 220, 224, 240
H. capax, 111
Leptaena, 40, 112, 220, 224, 233, 240
L. richmondensis, 40
O. meeki, 60
Orthis: O. scovillei (See Austinella scovillei)
Orthorhynchula, 112
Plaesiomys, 108, 112, 220, 224, 233
P. subquadrata, 108
Platystrophia, 109, 112, 113, 223, 224, 232, 233, 240, 250, 251, 252
P. acutilirata, 109
P. laticosta, 109
P. ponderosa, 39, 59, 98. 99, 109, 240, 250
P. ponderosa auburnensis, 39
P. ponderosa ponderosa, 39
P. neglecta, 106
Rafinesquina, 40, 59, 75, 87, 88, 89, 99, 104, 105, 110, 112, 113, 114, 189, 223, 224, 232, 233, 235, 240, 251, 252, 272
R. alternata, 110
“shingled Rafinesquina beds,” 59, 99, 110, 114, 251
R. dentatum, 111
Sowerbyella, 112, 113, 225, 232, 240, 253
S. rugosa, 106
Strophomena, 112, 113, 114, 224, 232, 233, 240, 247, 252, 261
Tetraphalerella, 112
Thaerodonta, 112
T. rugosa, 40
Thecidellina, Pl. 3
Zygospira, 41, 112, 232, 233, 245, 251, 252
Inarticulata, 40, 93, 101, 102, 103, 108, 115, 128, 225
Leptobolus, 225
Lingula, 5, 103. See also Pseudolingula
lingulate brachiopods, lingulides, 103, 105, 247, 248
Petrocrania: P. scabiosa, 40, 104, 105
Philhedra: P. laelia, 104, 105, 108
Pseudolingula, 104, 105, 225. See also Lingula
Schizocrania: S. filosa, 104, 105
Trematis, 128
T. millepunctata, 40, 104, 105
Brachiospongia. See Porifera
brachycephalus, Isotelus. See Arthropoda: Trilobita
Bracken County, Kentucky, 178, 209
Branson, C. C., 196
Branstrator, Jon W., 182, 184, 189
Braun, E. Lucy, 260
Braun, Frederick, 260–261, 270
Bretsky, Peter, 231
Brett, Carlton E., 60, 61, 236, 295, 297, 310, 311, 318
breviceps, Tricopelta. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Phacopida
Bridge, Josiah, 261
British Museum (Natural History). See Natural History Museum, London
brittle stars. See Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea
Broaddus, Billie, 29
Brongniart, Alexandre, 61
Brookville Formation, 44
Excello Member, 44
Liberty Member. See Liberty Formation, Member
Station Hollow Member, 44
Waynesville Member. See Waynesville Formation
Brookville, Franklin County, Indiana, 184, 196
Brown County, Ohio, 123, 128, 151
Brown, Roland Wilbur, 40
“bryoherm.” See bioherm; Ectoprocta
bryozoan. See Ectoprocta
Bucher, Walter H., 24, 48, 123
burrows, burrowing. See taphonomy: trace fossils, ichnofossils, Lebensspuren
Butcher, William, 320
Butler County, Ohio, 68, 75, 80, 87, 89, 107, 108, 126, 127, 134, 137, 153, 156, 160, 176, 195, 229
Byrnes, Richard M., 261
Byronia. See Byroniida, byroniids
Byroniida, byroniids, 182, 246. See also Phosphannulus
Byronia, 182
byssus, byssal threads. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 sequence, 55–56, 63, 214, 231, 232–233, 240. See also sequence stratigraphy
Calapoecia. See Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Tabulata
calcareous. See calcium carbonate
calcite, calcitic. See calcium carbonate
calcium carbonate, 6, 50, 67, 71, 101, 102, 117, 119, 134, 144, 147, 167, 281
aragonite, aragonitic, 6, 101, 117, 120, 129, 134, 280, 281, 283, 290
calcareous, calcareous shell, calcareous skeleton, 3, 56, 60, 67, 71, 72, 79, 133, 144, 145, 169, 188, 206, 239, 280, 281, 289, 292
calcite, calcitic, 6, 7, 74, 89, 101, 117, 120, 124, 130, 137, 139, 163, 167, 168, 188, 280, 281, 283, 290
calcium phosphate, 6, 81, 102, 182, 196, 198, 219, 223
Calloway Creek Formation, 214
Calymene meeki. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Flexicalymene meeki
Calymenida, calymenids. See Arthropoda: Trilobita
Calyptomatida. See hyolithids; Mollusca
Cambrian, xix, 2, 4, 6, 30, 82, 99, 139, 147, 152, 160, 163, 167, 168, 182, 186, 191, 195, 199, 237, 249, 280, 282, 289
“Cambrian Explosion,” 2
Camerata. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea
Cameroceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Endoceratoidea
campanulaeformis, Cyathochitina. See chitinozoans
Campbell County, Kentucky, 59, 109, 203, 209
Campbell, Kenton S. W., 155, 160
Canada, 3, 215, 220, 233, 249, 253
Anticosti Island, 72–73
British Columbia, 6
Manitoba, 153
canadensis, Grewingkia. See Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Rugosa
cancellatus, Sinuites. See Mollusca: Monoplacophora
capax, Hiscobeccus. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
Carboniferous, xix, 4, 23, 191, 198, 261, 270
Caritodens. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Carley, S. T., 261
carleyi, Retrorsirostra. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
carleyi, Rusophycus. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Carlson, Sandra J., 192, 321, 322
Carneyella. See Echinodermata: Edrioasteroidea
carpoids. See Echinodermata
Carr, Tim, 54
Carriker, Melbourne R., 124
casei, Opisthoptera. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
casei, Plicodendrocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Cladida
Caster, Kenneth E., 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 35, 48, 93, 138, 151, 158, 159, 162, 163, 186, 191, 209, 212, 215, 259, 275, 276, 299, 320, Pl. 13
Catazyga. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
Catellocaula, 93, 156, 209, 210, 243, 281. See also bioclaustration; bioimmuration; Chordata: Urochordata: tunicates
C. vallata, 156, 209, 210, 281
Cenozoic Era, xix, 25, 237, 238, 248, 284
centipedes. See Arthropoda: Chilopoda
Cephalopoda. See Mollusca
Ceramopora. See Ectoprocta: Cystoporata
Ceratopsis. See Arthropoda: Crustacea: Ostracoda
Ceraurinus. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Phacopida
Ceraurus. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Phacopida
chambersi, Ceratopsis. See Arthropoda: Crustacea: Ostracoda
Chappars, Michael S., 25
Charactoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
Cheilostomata. See Ectoprocta
Cheirocystis. See Echinodermata: Rhombifera
Chelicerata. See Arthropoda
Chicago, University of. See University of Chicago
Chilopoda. See Arthropoda
chitin, chitinous, 6, 69, 82, 119, 147, 148, 161, 181, 282. See also conchiolin; pseudochitin
chitinozoans, 52, 68, 69, 247, 282. See also Algae
Conochitina: C. hirsuta, 66, 67
Cyathochitina, 66, 67; C. campanulaeformis, 66, 67
Hercochitina: H. turnbulli, 66, 67
chitons. See Mollusca: Polyplacophora
Chlorophyta. See Algae
Chondrites. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Chordata, 38, 169, 196, 198, 282. See also conodonts
Urochordata: tunicates, 210, 281. See also Catellocaula
Vertebrata
Agnatha (“jawless fish”), 199, 200
Astraspis: A. desiderata, 199
gnathostome fish (“jawed fish”), 200
Osteichthyes (“bony fish”), 198
Reptilia: Virginia, 41
Christy, David, 262
christyi, Platycoryphe. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Phacopida
chronostratigraphic units. See time-stratigraphic units
Cincinnati Arch, 8, 9, 10, 12, 59, 79, 216, 220–226, 268, 282. See also Findlay Arch; Kankakee Arch
Cincinnati Group, 28, 47, 143, 266, 269, 277
Cincinnati Quarterly Journal of Science, x, 17, 24, 267, 270
Cincinnati School of Paleontology, 15–36
Boudinot Avenue and Westwood Northern Boulevard, 151
Cincinnati Astronomical Society, 21
Cincinnati College of Pharmacy, 22
Cincinnati Historical Society, 21, 215
Cincinnati Law College, 24
Cincinnati Museum Center (CMC), ix, xv, 21, 72, 75, 85, 87, 89, 90, 95, 105, 110, 111, 120, 123, 126, 134, 137, 142, 144, 151, 153, 155, 157, 158, 159, 160, 170, 172, 173, 174, 178, 180, 186, 203, 207, 208, 209, 229, 256, 263, Pl. 8 Cincinnati Museum of Natural History. See Cincinnati Society of Natural History
Cincinnati Normal School, 27, 262
Cincinnati Observatory, 21
Cincinnati Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge, 259, 261, 276
Cincinnati Society of Natural History, 15, 16, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 259, 260, 261, 262–263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 270, 272, 275, 276, Pl. 13
Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History, x, 17, 259, 276
Eden Park Reservoir, 29
Medical College of Ohio, 29
Ohio Mechanics Institute, 31, 262
Spring Grove Cemetery, 22, 23, 24, 25
Woodward High School, 18, 26, 32, 33, 34
Cincinnati, University of. See University of Cincinnati
Cincinnaticrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
Cincinnatidiscus. See Echinodermata: Edrioasteroidea
cincinnatiensis, Acidaspis. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Odontopleurida
cincinnatiensis, Diplocraterion. See taphonomy: trace fossils
cincinnatiensis, Isorophus. See Echinodermata: Edrioasteroidea
circularis, Ischadites. See Algae: Chlorophyta: Dasycladaceae
Cladida. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea
clams. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Clark, Thomas H., 3
Clarkson, Euan N. K., 160, 299
Clarksville Member. See Waynesville Formation
class. See taxonomy: Linnaean Hierarchy
classification. See taxonomy
clastic ratio, 49. See also shale-to-limestone ratio
clavacoidea: Leptotrypa. See Ectoprocta: Trepostomata
Clays Ferry Formation, 163, 214
Clermont County, Ohio, 111, 126, 128, 153, 158, 163, 170, 186, 203, 207, 208, 209, 261
Climacograptus. See Hemichordata: Graptoloidea
Clinton County, Ohio, 60, 72, 75, 128, 136, 142
cluster analysis. See techniques
CMC. See Cincinnati, Ohio: Cincinnati Museum Center
CMC IP. See Cincinnati, Ohio: Cincinnati Museum Center
Cnidaria, 22, 32, 38, 41, 71, 72, 73–82, 85, 91, 93, 122, 123, 131, 182, 196, 206, 219, 220, 221, 224, 233, 235, 240, 241, 242, 243, 247, 248, 281, 285. See also Byroniida
anemones. See Anthozoa
anemones, sea anemones, 73, 96, 188
Rugosa, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 206, 220, 221, 235, 241, 247
C. stellata, 78
Grewingkia, 41, 77, 206, 220, 224, 235, 242
Streptelasma, 77, 220, 224, 235, 240
Scleractinia
Tubastraea: T. coccinea, Pl. 3
Tabulata, 77, 79, 80, 123, 220, 221, 224, 247
F. vacuum, 78
Protaraea: P. richmondensis, 76, 77, 79, 122, 123, 224, 240
Tetradium, 76, 77, 79, 220, 233, 240
hydroids. See Hydrozoa
fire coral, 74
Siphonophorida
Portuguese Man-of-War, 74
Porpitidae: Palaeoscia: P. floweri, 209, 212. See also taphonomy: trace fossils
jellyfish. See medusa
medusa, jellyfish, 71, 74, 182, 209, 212, 251
polyps, 74, 77, 79, 182, 206, 235
reefs. See bioherms
Scyphozoa, 74, 82, 182. See also Byroniida
Conulariida, 74, 81–82, 241, 247; but may not be Cnidarians, 74, 81–82, 241, 247
Conularia
C. miseneri, 270
sea anemones. See Anthozoa
sea fans, 74
sea whips, 74
coarsening-upward cycle. See cycles, cyclicity
coccinea, Tubastraea. See Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia
cockles. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Code of Stratigraphic Nomenclature. See stratigraphy
Coelenterata. See Cnidaria
coiling of shell, 117, 119, 120, 132, 134, 139
planispiral coiling, 119, 120, 139, 289
Cold Spring, Kentucky, 174
Coleolus. See hyolithids
colonial organisms, colonies, 189, 281, 290. See Cnidaria, Ectoprocta, graptolites
color patterns, 96, 134, 135, 137, 252, Pl. 6
Columbia University Press, 112
Columbian University. See George Washington University
Comactinia. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea
Comasterida. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea
commensalism. See ecologic associations
communities. See ecology, ecologic needs: ecosystems
competition, competitive interactions. See ecologic associations
composite molds. See taphonomy: molds
conchiolin, 119, 282. See also chitin
cones (the snails). See Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences, 149
Conochitin. See chitinozoans
conodonts, 6, 28, 31, 35, 52, 63, 143, 183, 195, 196–199, 247. See also Chordata
Amorphognathus: A. ordovicicus, 196, 197
Aphelognathus: A. grandis, 196, 197
Drepanoistodus: D. suberectus, 196, 197
Oulodus: O. oregonia, 196, 197
Phragmodus: P. undatus, 196, 197, Pl. 5
Plectodina: P. tenuis, 196, 197
Prioniodus: P. dychei, 28, 277
Rhodesognathus: R. elegans, 196, 197
Conrad, Timothy A., 109, 110, 111, 120, 123, 126, 127, 149
Constellaria. See Ectoprocta: Cystoporata
constellata, Constellaria. See Ectoprocta: Cystoporata
constrictus, Dystactocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
consumers. See ecology: ecosystems
Conularia. See Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Conulariida
Conulariida, conulariids. See Cnidaria: Scyphozoa
convergent evolution. See organic evolution
Conway Morris, Simon, 249
Cook, W. E., 263
Cooper, Dan L., 153, 309, Pl. 6
Cooper, Edward M., 263
coprolites. See feces
coprophagy. See food
copulation, 162
coquina, 99, 283. See also shell pavements; shingled beds; Waynesville Formation: Marble Hill bed
coral. See Cnidaria
coral reef. See bioherm
Corallidomus. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
coralline sponges. See Porifera: sclerosponges
Cornulites, See: Annelida
correlation, 52. See also time
Corryville Formation, Member, 12, 21, 53, 55, 60, 63, 68, 80, 90, 105, 110, 111, 114, 120, 126, 128, 142, 144, 151, 153, 158, 163, 170, 174, 175, 178, 180, 186, 203, 207, 208, 209, 211, 214, 224, 251. See also: Grant Lake Limestone; also: McMillan Formation
cotypes. See taxonomy: type specimens
Covington Group, 48
Covington, Kentucky, 19, 28, 127, 142, 256, 263, 266, 274
covingtonensis, Cylindrocoelia. See Algae
Cowen, Richard, 199
crabs. See Arthropoda: Crustacea: Malacostraca
crateriformis, Lichenocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
Crawfordsville, Indiana, 23, 261, 270
Hovey Museum, Wabash College, 23
Cretaceous, xix, 2, 3, 4, 72, 239, 292
Cricoconarida. See also Mollusca; Tentaculitoidea
Crinoidea. See Echinodermata
crosotus, Primaspis. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Odontopleurida
Crustacea. See Arthropoda
Cruziana. See taphonomy: trace fossils
cryptolithi, Rusophycus. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Cryptolithus. See Arthropoda: Trilobita
Cryptostomata. See Ectoprocta
Ctenobolbina. See Arthropoda: Crustacea: Ostracoda
Ctenodonta. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Ctenostomata. See Ectoprocta
cubichnia. See taphonomy: trace fossils: behavior categories
Cucumaria. See Echinodermata: Holothuroidea
Cuffey, Roger J., 91, 95, 296, 302
cultrata, Ambonychia. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Cupulocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Cladida
Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, Pl. 3
curtus, Merocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Cladida
curvatum, Gorbyoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
cuttlefish. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
Cuvier, Georges, 61
(“blue-green ‘algae’”), 67
Girvanella, 67
Cyanophyta. See Algae
Cyathochitina, See: chitinozoans
Cyathophylloides. See Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Rugosa
cycles, cyclicity, 52–53, 55–57, 58–59
coarsening-upward cycle, 59
decameter-scale cycles, 59
eustatic sea-level change, 55, 285
fining-upward cycle, fining-upward packet, 59
meter-scale cycles, 55, 59, 61
shoaling-upward cycles, 53
Cycloconcha. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Cyclocrinites, See: Algae: Chlorophyta: Dasycladaceae
Cyclocystoidea. See Echinodermata
Cyclonema. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
Cyclora. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
Cyclostomata. See Ectoprocta
Cylindrocoelia. See Algae
Cymatonota. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Cynthiana Formation, 123
Cyrtoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
Cyrtodontula. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Cyrtolites. See Mollusca: Monoplacophora
Cystaster. See Echinodermata: Edrioasteroidea
Cystoidea. See Echinodermata
cystoids. See Echinodermata
Dalmanella. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
Dalvé, Elizabeth A., 48, 230, 238, 263
damage (in life). See injuries
Dana, James Dwight, 275
Darwin, Charles, 61
darwini, Cyclocrinites. See Algae: Chlorophyta: Dasycladaceae
darwini, Pasceolus. See Algae: Chlorophyta: Dasycladaceae: Cyclocrinites
Dasycladaceae. See Algae: Chlorophyta
dating. See time
Dattilo, Benjamin F., 59, 60, 61, 113, 231, 232, 308, 312
Davis, Richard Arnold, ix, 14, 89, 212, 229, 249, 255, 298, 304, 320
DCA. See techniques: detrended correspondence analysis (DCA)
Dearborn County, Indiana, Pl. 3, Pl. 5
death assemblage, 7, 8, 230, 283, 287. See also life assemblage; taphonomy
decadactylus, Glyptocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Camerata
decameter-scale cycles. See cycles, cyclicity
Deceptrix. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Decoroproetus. See Arthropoda: Trilobita
decorus, Neocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea
deformation (in life), deformities. See pathology
deformation (post-mortem). See taphonomy
Deiss, Charles Frederick, 263
delicatum, Oncoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
demissa, Caritodens. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
demissa, Pterinea. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda: Caritodens demissa
Dendroidea. See Hemichordata
Dent, Ohio. See Ohio: Hamilton County
dentatum, Rhynchotrema. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
dentition. See Brachiopoda
deposit feeding. See food
depositional sequences, 52–53, 55–57, 58–59
desiderata, Astraspis. See Chordata: Vertebrata: Agnatha
detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). See techniques
Devonian, xix, 4, 9, 62, 72, 79, 144, 151, 186, 191, 239, 251
diagnosis. See taxonomy: Linnaean Hierarchy
Dickhaut, H. E., 263
dickhauti, Lepidolites. See Algae: Chlorophyta: Dasycladaceae
Diekmeyer, Sharon C. St. Louis, 232, 307
Diestoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
Dill Robert F., 54
dimorphism, sexual, 153, 283, 290
dinoflagellates. See Algae: Pyrrophyta
“dioramas,” Pl. 13
diplobathrid camerates. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Camerata
Diplocraterion. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Diplopoda. See Arthropoda
disarticulation of hard parts. See taphonomy
Disparida. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea
divaricans, Streptelasma. See Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Rugosa
diversity, species diversity, taxonomic diversity, 2, 3, 4, 57, 61, 69, 103, 113, 115, 118, 120, 130, 131, 137, 147, 161, 163, 167, 204, 232, 234, 239, 241, 283
d’Orbigny, Alcide, 85, 90, 95, 271
dolomite, 3, 53, 217, 221, 222, 283
domichnia. See taphonomy: trace fossils: behavior categories
Donovan, Stephen K., 186
Dorfeuille, Joseph, 263, 272, 274, 276
“doughnuts.” See “Weichold doughnuts”
Drake, Daniel, 16, 263–264, 268, 273, 276
Preachersville Member, 214
Drepanoistodus. See conodonts
drilling. See borings
Dry Dredgers, 255, 263, 275, 300, 302, 317
dubius, Lichenocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
dumbells. See taphonomy: trace fossils: Diplocraterion
duncanae, Gorbyoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
dunni, Narthecoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
durophagy. See ecologic associations: predation:
Durrell, Richard H., ix
Dury, Charles, 105
Dury, Ralph, 105
duseri, Treptoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Actinoceratoidea
dychei, Prioniodus. See conodonts
Dyer, C. B., 14, 23–24, 29, 31, 37, 40, 80, 82, 184, 185, 208, 210, 260, 261, 265, 266, 272, 274
dyeri, Allocotichnus. See taphonomy, preservation: trace fossils
dyeri, Glyptocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Camerata: Pycnocrinus
dyeri, Promopalaeaster. See Echinodermata: Asteroidea
dyeri, Pycnocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Camerata
Dystactocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
Dystactophycus. See incertae sedis
earthquakes, 7, 61, 291. See also seismites
earwigs. See Arthropoda: Insecta
eatoni, Triarthrus. See Arthropoda: Trilobita
eccentricity (in Earth’s orbit). See cycles: Milankovitch Cycles
ecdysis, 6, 92, 93, 117, 147, 148
Echinodermata, 24, 26, 144, 145, 166–192, 219, 223, 233, 237, 241, 245, 246, 260, 269
Asteroidea, 24, 167, 168, 169, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 188, 189–190, 208, 210, 235, 241, 247, 248, 259, 260, 265, 266, 274
Asteriacites (See taphonomy: trace fossils)
Fromia: F. nodosa, Pl. 9
Goniasteridae, 189
Hudsonaster, 189; H. simplex, 185, 274
Lanthanaster, 189; L. intermedius, 184
Ophidiasteridae, 189
Palaeaster: P. simplex (See Hudsonaster simplex)
Palaeasterina: P. approximata, 259, 265; P. speciosa, 260, 266
Petraster: P. speciosus, 184, 189
P. dyeri, 184
Salteraster, 189; S. grandis, 184
carpoids, 145, 168, 186, 275. See Stylophora
Crinoidea, 7, 23, 24, 28, 43, 56, 57, 93, 120, 121, 123, 137, 144, 162, 166, 167, 168, 169–178, 180, 181–183, 186, 188, 212, 223, 224, 225, 226, 231, 232, 236, 237, 241, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253, 261, 270, 271, 285
diplobathrid camerates, 176, 177, 180
Gaurocrinus: G. nealli, 176, 177, 180
monobathrid camerates, 175, 176, 180
Glyptocrinus, 42, 43, 120, 178, 224, 232, 240, 241, 252
G. angularis, 272
G. decadactylus, 42, 171, 172, 175, 180
G. dyeri. See Pycnocrinus dyeri
G. pattersoni, 272
Pycnocrinus, 24, 43, 120, 123, 178, 180, 224
P. dyeri, 24, 37, 40, 42, 43, 175, 176
Cladida, 178
Cupulocrinus, 178
C. polydactylus, Pl. 11
Merocrinus, 178
Plicodendrocrinus, 178
P. casei, Pl. 11
Comactinia, 166
Comasterida, 166
Cincinnaticrinus, 113, 178, 182, 186, 226, 232, 240, 241, 253
C. pentagonus, 173
Dystactocrinus: D. constrictus, 173, 183
Ectenocrinus, 113, 178, 226, 232, 240, 241, 253
E. geniculatus, 173
I. oehanus, 271
I. subcrassus, 110, 142, 170, 172, 174, Pl. 10
Lichenocrinus, 178
L. crateriformis, 172
L. dubius, 186
L. milleri, 172
Metacrinus, 182
Neocrinus: N. decorus, Pl. 9
Pontiometra: P. andersoni, Pl. 9
Cyclocystoidea, 169, 190–191, 247
Zygocycloides: Z. magnus, 185
cystoids, 237. See Rhombifera
sand dollars, 167
sea urchins, 167, 168, 169, 237
Strongylocentrotus: S. franciscanus, Pl. 9
Edrioasteroidea, 56, 60, 114, 169, 182, 186, 188–189, 190, 241, 243, 247, 250, 251
Cystaster: C. stellatus, 180, 181
I. cincinnatiensis, 40, 128, 180, 181, 189
Streptaster, 110, 188, 224, 250
S. vorticellatus, 110, 180, 181
Eocrinoidea, 168
Cucumaria: C. miniata, Pl. 9
Ophiuroidea, 6, 167, 168, 169, 189, 190, 228, 229, 247, 248
Ophiothrix, Pl. 9
Protasterina: P. flexuosa, 190
Taeniaster, 190
T. spinosus, 185, 190, 228, 229
Rhombifera, rhombiferan “cystoids,” 169, 186, 247
Cheirocystis: C. fultonensis, 178, 179, 186
Lepadocystis: L. moorei, 178, 179, 186
Stylophora, 169, 186, 191–192, 247. See also “carpoids”
Enoploura, 26, 145, 191, 192, 270, 275 (See also machaeridians)
E. balanoides, 191
Echinoidea. See Echinodermata
ecologic associations. See chapters on individual groups of animals
aegism, 243, 244, 245, 280, 282, 288, 289, 290
commensalism, 95, 123, 144, 189, 229, 234, 236, 243, 244, 245, 246, 280, 282, 286, 288, 289, 290, 292
competition, competitive interactions, 182, 234, 236, 237, 282
epizoa, epizoism, 93, 94, 96, 103, 130, 182, 236, 242, 243, 244, 245, 284. See also encrustation
inquiline, inquilinism, 286. See also incolent
mutualism, 234, 236, 288, 290, 292
parasite, parasitism, 86, 94, 123, 182, 223, 229, 234, 236, 243, 246, 280, 281, 282, 285, 286, 288, 289, 290, 292
predation, 7, 92, 93, 95, 123, 124, 125, 131, 132, 137, 143, 147, 151, 153, 154, 155, 161, 162, 182, 183, 186, 189, 190, 205, 210, 229, 234, 235–236, 241, 282, 283, 284, 285, 289, 290, 291, 293. See also boring
symbiosis, 210, 235, 282, 284, 288, 289, 290, 292
ecologic succession, 56, 57, 115, 281, 292
ecology, ecologic needs. See also chapters on individual groups of animals; ecologic associations; environment
autecology, 229, 280, 284, 292
ecosystems, x, 1, 67, 143, 222, 233–248, 284
communities, 4, 5, 56, 57, 169, 182, 218, 230, 231, 237, 241
food chain, food web, 67, 68, 234, 282, 285, 290
guilds, 237–239, 247, 248, 286
primary producers, 67, 234, 247, 248, 285, 290
tiering, 182
paleoecology, 61, 136, 188, 189, 230, 231
Economy Member. See Latonia Formation
ecosystems. See ecology
Ectenocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
Ectoprocta, 21, 24, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 52, 57, 72, 75, 77, 79, 85–97, 99, 107, 110, 111, 113, 114, 115, 120, 125, 127, 128, 130, 131, 137, 139, 144, 156, 162, 178, 180, 182, 188, 196, 206, 209, 210, 219, 221, 223, 224, 225, 231, 232, 233, 237, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 260, 265, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 281, 285, 287, 290, 293
“bryoherms,” 91
“Weichold doughnut,” 88, 89, 93–94, 275
Cheilostomata, 237, Pl. 3 Cryptostomata: Escharopora, 87, 88
Ctenostomata: Ropalonaria: R. venosa, 87, 88
Ceramopora; C. (?) beani, 260; C. nicholsoni, 271
C. constellata, 275
Fistulipora: F. oweni, 272
Heteropora: H. pacifica, Pl. 3
Trepostomata, 79, 87, 88, 89, 90, 237, 250
Heterotrypa, 91
Leptotrypa: L. clavacoidea, 120, 121
Monticulipora
M. falesi, 264
Parvohallopora, 111, 252, 265, 270
P. onealli, 271
P. rugosa (now included in P. ramosa), 265, 270
Eden Park, Cincinnati, Ohio, 29, 263
Eden Park Reservoir, 29
Eden Shale, Eden Formation, Eden Group, 47, 48, 51, 52, 296, 301. See also Kope Formation; Middle (Eden) Shales
edenense, Veryhachium. See acritarchs
Edenian Age, Edenian Stage, 11, 44, 46, 47, 51, 55, 63, 67, 81, 130, 138, 139, 143, 144, 151, 155, 203, 208, 209, 220, 233, 284, 291, 302, 311, 320
Edrioasteroidea. See Echinodermata
elegans, Rhodesognathus. See conodonts
Elias, Robert J., 81, 206, 235, 316, 321
Elkhorn Formation, 44, 56, 63, 68, 73, 75, 79, 158, 162, 172, 178, 186, 214
emacerata, Dalmanella. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
Embree, Jesse, 264
encrustation, 56, 60, 64, 72, 74, 77, 79, 87, 88, 89, 90, 93, 94, 105, 107, 110, 114, 115, 120, 122, 123, 128, 137, 139, 144, 178, 182, 196, 219, 223, 224, 231, 232, 236, 237, 240, 242, 243, 244, 245, 251, 286. See also epicoles
endobyssate animals. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
Endoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Endoceratoidea
Endoceratoidea, endocerids, endoceroids. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
endosymbiont. See ecologic associations: symbiosis
Enoploura. See Echinodermata: Stylophora
environment, 3–4, 5, 45, 52, 67, 69, 71, 81, 189, 204, 210–211, 215–226, 228–248, 284, 292. See also chapters on individual groups of animals; ecology, ecologic needs; facies; taphonomy: trace fossils: ichnofacies
oxygen content, 160, 229, 250, 254
synecology, 229, 230, 280, 284, 292
temperature, 216, 217, 221, 229, 230
water movement, 50, 81, 113, 114, 145, 169, 211, 229, 293
Eocarcinosoma. See Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Eurypterida
Eocene, xix, 4
Eocrinoidea. See Echinodermata
Eoleperditia. See Arthropoda: Crustacea: Ostracoda
eos, Diestoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
epeiric sea. See epicontinental sea
epibole. See biostratigraphic units: zone
epibyssate animals. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
epicoles, 93, 284. See also encrustation; epizoa
epicontinental sea, 3, 9, 231, 284
epifauna, epifaunal, 7, 56, 237, 247, 248, 284, 286
epireliefs. See taphonomy: trace fossils
epizoa, epizoism. See ecologic associations
Erickson, J. Mark, 91, 206, 320
Escharopora. See Ectoprocta: Cryptostomata
Eurypterida. See Arthropoda: Chelicerata
eustatic sea-level change. See cycles, cyclicity
event beds, event horizons, 59–61, 224, 225, 285
evolution. See organic evolution
evolutionary faunas, sensu Sepkoski, 2, 237; “Modern Fauna,” 2. See also Cambrian, “Cambrian Fauna”; Paleozoic, “Paleozoic Fauna”
Excello Member. See Brookville Formation
excrement. See feces
exoskeleton, 6, 92, 93, 117, 119, 147, 148, 151, 155, 161, 230, 285
extinction: mass extinction, 2, 240, 287
Faber, Charles, 14, 24, 27–28, 32, 144, 172, 264, 273, 274, 275, 276
faberi, Technophorus. See Mollusca: Rostroconchia
Faberia. See Algae
facies. See also environment
biofacies, 59–61, 281, 285, 287
lithofacies, 59, 281, 285, 287
factor analysis. See techniques
facultative association. See ecologic associations
fair-weather wave-base. See wave base: normal wave-base
Fairmount Member. See Fairview Formation
Fairview Formation, 12, 21, 48, 51, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 63, 68, 87, 106, 110, 120, 123, 127, 173, 175, 180, 196, 214, 224, 225, 232, 251, 252, Pl. 5, Pl. 10. See also Hill Quarry Beds
Fairmount Member, 44
Mount Hope Member, Mt. Hope Member, 44
North Bend Tongue, 44
Fales, J. C., 264
falesi, Monticulipora. See Ectoprocta: Trepostomata
family. See taxonomy: Linnaean Hierarchy
Fascifodina. See taphonomy: trace fossils
faunal provinces: American Midcontinent Province, 199; North Atlantic Province, 199
feather stars. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea
feces, fecal, 121, 123, 162, 188, 219; coprolites, 203, 283
feeding. See food
Felton, Steven M., 68, 120, 123, 127, 137, 140, 275, 314
Fenton, Carroll Lane, 28, 123, 264
Fenton, Mildred Adams, 28, 123, 304
Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH), xv, 172, 184
filosa, Schizocrania. See Brachiopoda: Inarticulata
filter feeder, filter feeding. See food
Findlay Arch, Findlay Branch of Cincinnati Arch, 9. See also Cincinnati Arch
Findlay, James, 264
Fine, Ronny L., 89, 90, 91, 302
fining-upward cycle, fining-upward packet. See cycles, cyclicity
fire coral. See Cnidaria: Hydrozoa
fish. See Chordata: Vertebrata
Fistulipora. See Ectoprocta: Cystoporata
flabellum, Licrophycus. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Fleming County, Kentucky, 72
Flexicalymene. See Arthropoda: Trilobita
flexuosa, Protasterina. See Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea
Florida, Pl. 9
florida, Constellaria. See Ectoprocta: Cystoporata
Flower, Rousseau H., 43, 133, 134, 138, 295
floweri, Fascifodina. See taphonomy: trace fossils
floweri, Palaeoscia. See Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Siphonophorida: Porpitidae; taphonomy: trace fossils
FMNH. See Field Museum of Natural History
fodinichnia. See taphonomy: trace fossils: behavior categories
Foerste, August F., 18, 29, 48, 77, 78, 109, 149, 150, 151, 153, 162, 207, 229, 264, 270, 271
Foerstephyllum. See Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Tabulata
food supply. See food
food chain, food web. See ecology: ecosystems
food, 4, 67, 68, 71, 74, 85, 87, 92, 101, 123, 151, 155, 160, 168, 170, 172, 180, 188, 191–192, 198, 211, 229, 234, 235, 237–238, 239, 253, 280, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 290. See also chapters on individual groups of animals; ecologic associations: commensalism; ecologic associations: predation; ecology: ecosystems
deposit feeding, 123, 131, 140, 163, 190, 204, 205, 211, 224, 283, 285, 292
filter feeder, filter feeding, 71, 72, 87, 101, 127, 131, 144, 155, 168, 172, 188, 283, 285, 292
scavenging, 7, 151, 205, 223, 224, 225
suspension feeding, 21, 74, 123, 139, 163, 170, 182, 186, 190, 196, 205, 206, 211, 224, 237, 239, 283, 285, 292
formation. See lithostratigraphic units
formosa, Conularia. See Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Conulariida
fornshelli, Glyptocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Camerata
Fort Ancient Member See Waynesville Formation
Fortey, Richard A., 1, 151, 155, 161, 303, 316
fossil succession. See biotal succession
Fox, William T., 231
franciscanus, Strongylocentrotus. See Echinodermata: Echinoidea
Franklin County, Indiana, 105, 107, 157, 184, 196, Pl. 6, Pl. 10
Franks’ Museum, 265
Frey, Robert C., 60, 130, 131, 136, 137, 138, 297, 307
Fromia. See Echinodermata: Asteroidea
frondosa, Heterotrypa. See Ectoprocta: Trepostomata
fucoids. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Fulton Beds, Fulton Shale, 144, 186. See also Kope Formation
Fulton, Robert, 265
fultonensis, Cheirocystis. See Echinodermata: Rhombifera
fungi, 242
Fusispira. See Mollusca: Gastropoda: Neogastropoda: Subulites
Garrard Formation, 214
Gastropoda. See Mollusca
Gault, William, 265
Gaurocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Camerata
Gee, Henry, 191
generic name. See taxonomy: nomenclature: Binomial System of Nomenclature
geniculatus, Ectenocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
Geniculograptus. See Hemichordata: Graptoloidea
genus, genera. See taxonomy: Linnaean Hierarchy
geologic time-units, 45–46
Geological Society of America, 5, 11, 30, 32, 36, 54, 59, 133, 257, 271, 274
geopetal structures, 124
George Washington University (formerly Columbian University), 22, 35
gigantea, Anomalodonta. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
gigas, Isotelus. See Arthropoda: Trilobita
Gilbert Formation, 214
Girvanella. See Cyanobacteria
Glyptocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Camerata
Glyptorthis. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
Goldman, Daniel, 195
Gondwana. See paleogeography
Goniasteridae. See Echinodermata: Asteroidea
Gorbyoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
Grabau, Amadeus W., 18
gracile striatulum, Cyclonema. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
gracile, Cyclonema. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
gracile, Ordovicium. See acritarchs
graded beds, 60
Graham, George, 265
grainstone, 50, 55, 59, 114, 286, 289
Grand Avenue Member. See Kope Formation
grandis, Aphelognathus. See conodonts
grandis, Salteraster. See Echinodermata: Asteroidea
Grant Lake Formation, Limestone, 44, 79, 90, 114, 123, 250
Corryville Member. See Corryville Formation, Member
granulosa, Flexicalymene. See Arthropoda: Trilobita
Graptoloidea, graptolites. See Hemichordata
Gravicalymene. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Calymenida
Great Bahama Bank. See Bahama Platform
Great Barrier Reef, Australia, 91, 241, Pl. 3. See also bioherm
Great Limestone Deposite, 47
Grewingk, C. C. A., 41
Grewingkia. See Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Rugosa
Grinnell, George Bird, 265
group. See lithostratigraphic units
growth lines, 75, 77, 117, 120, 286
guilds. See ecology: ecosystems
Gurley, W. F. E., 25, 157, 313
gutter casts, 60
Haines, M. P., Mrs., 265
Hall, James (of Cincinnati), 265
Hall, James (of New York), 32, 35, 42, 78, 105, 106, 107, 108, 111, 120, 123, 134, 137, 142, 145, 155, 157, 172, 173, 175, 176, 180, 183, 195, 207, 210, 229, 262, 265–266, 272, 276, 277
Hall, John W., Jr., 259, 265, 266
halli, Allolichas. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Lichida
halli, Amphilichas. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Lichida: Allolichas halli
Hallopora. See Ectoprocta: Trepostomata: Parvohallopora
Hamilton County, Ohio, 10, 89, 90, 106, 142, 151, 155, 156, 173, 180, 186, 277, Pl. 10
Trammel Fossil Park, Sharonville, 12, 124, 257
Hammond, W. E., 266
Hand, Greg, 306
hardgrounds, 60, 64, 105, 124, 125, 178, 188, 203, 206, 211, 219, 250, 251, 286
Harding Sandstone, 199
Harper, George W., 17, 18, 26, 27, 32, 33–34
Harris, Frank W., 56, 57, 114, 115, 231
Harris, G. D., 25
Harvard University, xv, 18, 23, 32, 260, 273, 274
Museum of Comparative Zoology (MCZ), xv, 18, 23, 32, 260, 273, 274, Pl. 13
Hauer, Kendall, 311
Hay, Helen B., 44, 53, 55, 56, 57
Hebertella, See: Brachiopoda: Articulata
Hedeen, Stanley, ix
Heimbrock, William, 67
Helcionopsis. See Mollusca: Monoplacophora
Dendroidea, 195
Mastigograptus, 196
graptolites, Graptoloidea, 52, 63, 161, 194, 195–196, 240, 241, 247, 251
Arnheimograptus: A. anacanthus, 196
Climacograptus. See Geniculograptus
Geniculograptus, 196; G. typicalis, 194, 195
Orthograptus: O. quadrimucronatus, 196
Pterobranchia, 196; Rhabdopleura, 196
Hendy, Austin, xiv
Heran, Maggie, xiv
Hercochitina. See chitinozoans
Herrlinger, Andrew, 267
Heteropora. See Ectoprocta
Heterotrypa. See Ectoprocta: Trepostomata
High Bridge Group (middle Ordovician), 67, 139, 164
Tyrone Limestone, 139
Highland County, Ohio, 151, 153
Hill Quarry Beds, 47, 225. See also Fairview Formation
Hill, H. H., 267
Himalayas, 3
Hints, Olle, 145
hirsuta, Conochitina. See chitinozoans
Hiscobeccus. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
Hitz bed, 214
Högström, Anette E. S., 145, 307
Holbrook, R. H., 267
holes (in shells). See taphonomy: trace fossils: borings
Holland, Steven M., 53, 55, 59, 63, 113, 120, 130, 204, 215–226, 229, 231, 232, 233, 241, 255, 312, Pl. 12
Holothuroidea. See Echinodermata
holotype. See taxonomy: type specimens
Holtedahlina. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
homeomorphy. See organic evolution: convergent evolution
horseshoe crabs. See Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Xiphosurida
host, 77, 86, 87, 88, 93, 94, 103, 123, 144, 182, 189, 210, 234, 235, 236, 242, 243, 244, 245, 246, 282, 285, 286, 288, 289
Hovey Museum, Wabash College. See Crawfordsville, Indiana
Howe, A. J., 267
Hudson River Group, 266, 269, 277
Hudsonaster. See Echinodermata: Asteroidea
Huffman Dam, near Dayton, Ohio, 153
humerosum. See Mollusca: Gastropoda: Cyclonema
humerosum, Cyclonema. See Mollusca: Gastropoda
Hunda, Brenda, 151
Hunter, W. H. H., 267
huronensis, Labechia. See Porifera
hurricanes. See storms
Hutchinson, G. Evelyn, 229
Huxley, T. H., 267
hydroids. See Cnidaria: Hydrozoa
Hydrozoa, hydrozoans. See Cnidaria
Hyman, L. H., 167
Hyolithes. See hyolithids
hyolithids, 145, 247. See also Mollusca: Calyptomatida
Coleolus, 145
Hyolithes, 145
hyporeliefs. See taphonomy: trace fossils
Iapetus Ocean, Sea. See paleogeography
icarus, Ceraurinus. See Arthropoda: Trilobita: Phacopida
Ice Age, ice cap, ice sheet, ix, 10, 53, 216, 217, 240, 269
ichnofossils. See taphonomy, preservation: trace fossils
ichnogenus, ichnogenera. See taphonomy: trace fossils
ichnospecies. See taphonomy: trace fossils
ICZN. See International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
Illinois Geological Survey, 31
impedichnia. See taphonomy: trace fossils: behavior categories
inaequabile, Cameroceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda: Endoceratoidea
Inarticulata. See Brachiopoda
incertae sedis, 211–212, 286. See also Palaeoscia
Blastophycus, 212
Dystactophycus, 212
incolent, 286. See also ecologic associations
incurvus, Anomalocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
Indiana
Bedford, 10
Hovey Museum, Wabash College, 23
Dearborn County, Pl. 3, Pl. 5 Franklin County, 105, 107, 157, 184, 196, Pl. 6, Pl. 10 Brookville, 184, 196
Indiana Geological Survey, 51, 214, 255, 263
Jefferson County, 111
Madison, 77, 79, 221, 266, 269
Richmond, 47, 120, 265, 270, 272
infauna, infaunal, 7, 131, 139, 153, 204, 205, 237, 238, 239, 247, 248, 284, 286
injuries, damage (in life), 137, 183, 186, 235, 236. See also ecologic associations: predation
inquiline, inquilinism. See ecologic associations
insculpta, Glyptorthis. See Brachiopoda: Articulata
Insecta. See Arthropoda
intermedius, Lanthanaster. See Echinodermata: Asteroidea
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN), xi
International Geological Correlation Programme, 63, 255
International Stratigraphic Code. See stratigraphy
interspecific interactions. See ecologic associations
Iocrinus. See Echinodermata: Crinoidea: Disparida
Ischadites. See Algae: Chlorophyta: Dasycladaceae
Ischyrodonta. See Mollusca: Pelecypoda
isochronous surfaces. See time
Isopoda. See Arthropoda: Crustacea
Isorophus. See Echinodermata: Edrioasteroidea
Isorthoceras. See Mollusca: Cephalopoda
isotopes, 62, 290. See also time: absolute age: radiometric dating
Jacobson, Stephen R., 69
James Book Store, 14, 17, 22, 31
James, Joseph A., 17
James, Joseph F., 22–23, 29, 203, 207, 210
James, U. P., 14, 17–22, 23, 28, 29, 31, 209, 210, 260, 261, 264, 271, 277
jamesi, Lepidocoleus. See Machaeridia
Jefferson County, Indiana, 111
jellyfish. See Cnidaria: medusa
Jennette, David C., 55, 59, 60
Johnson, Thomas T., 229, Pl. 7
Journal of Geology, 55
Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. See Cincinnati Society of Natural History
junior synonym. See taxonomy: nomenclature: synonym; taxonomy: nomenclature: synonymy