Name Index

Bateson, G., xv, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 96, 98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 106, 107, 108, 150

Berndt, R. M., 41, 72, 146, 149, 150

Berndt, R. M. & C. Berndt, 42, 150

Berndt, R. M. & T. Vogelsang, 149, 150

Boudon, R., 1, 17, 18, 20, 35, 150

Brough-Smyth, R., 150

Brüggemann, W., 82n

Bush, R., 17, 18, 124, 126, 132, 133, 135, 151

Cornblit, O., xiii

Courrège, Ph., 124, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 151

Craig, B., 40n

Darwin, Charles, 49

Douglas, M., 7, 151

Ducrot, O. et al., 151, 158

Dumont, L., 69n, 107, 111, 122, 123, 151

Durkheim, E., 2-3, 9, 26, 32, 33, 34, 49, 71, 76, 111, 151

Elkin, A, P., 40, 41, 43n, 44, 45, 55–9, 61, 65, 66, 67, 71, 72, 75, 81n, 146, 151

Ellis, Havelock, 9

Fison, L., 5, 51, 52, 134, 151

Fison, L. & A. W. Howitt, 54, 152

Flierl, 72, 148

Forge, A., 81n, 152

Fox, R., 18, 19, 152

Frazer, J. G., 9, 41, 44, 54, 152

Fry, H. K., 30, 78–9n, 152

Gason, S., 27, 40, 41, 42, 44, 50, 59, 72, 146, 147, 152

Gatti, G., 42, 70n, 152

Grant, P., xiii

Greenway, J., 40n, 78n, 152

Guilbaud, G. Th., 124

Hayes, E. N. & T. Hayes, 152, 156, 158

Helms, 43

Hocart, A. M., 3, 7, 108, 153

Hodson, T. C., 5, 133n, 153

Howitt, A. W., 5, 27, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 59, 70, 72, 146, 147, 148, 153

Howitt, A. W. & O. Siebert, 43, 153

Josselin de Jong, J. P. B. de, 5, 153

Kemeny, J. G., J. L. Snell & G. L. Thompson, 17, 18, 124, 126n, 127, 128, 129, 131, 132, 133, 135, 153

Kohler, J., 3

Korn, A., xiii

Korn, F., 107n, 143, 153–4

Korn, F. & R. Needham, In, 107n, 124n, 154

Kroeber, A. L., 3, 5, 7, 108, 154, 155

Kruyt, A. C., 48, 154

Lane, B. & R. Lane, 61–3, 77, 154

Lang, A., 3, 41, 44, 49, 50, 52, 154

Lawaetz, G., xiii

Layard, J., 97n, 154

Leach, E. R., xiii, 7, 26, 69, 97n, 109, 131, 140, 142, 151, 154–5

Leonhardi, M. von, 155

Lévi-Strauss, C., xiii, xv, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22–39 24–5, 26, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 59–61, 63–6, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 106–7, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 117, 118, 119, 124, 126n, 130, 133, 134n, 135, 136, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 155, 159

Lienhardt, R. G., 156, 157

Löffler, L. G., 82n, 156

Lowie, R. H., 5, 7

Lucich, P., 81n, 156

Mant, G., 40n, 41, 156

Mathews, R. H., 27, 28, 156

Mauss, M., 4, 7, 156

Maybury-Lewis, D., 145, 156

Meissel, G., 146, 156

Meyer, 148

Morgan, L. H., 9, 44, 48, 49

Murdock, G. P., 81n, 156

Nadel, S., 81n, 156

Needham, R., viii, xv, 3, 5, 16, 19n, 20, 36, 39n, 43n, 49, 51, 60n, 69, 75, 79, 81n, 82n, 100, 101, 103n, 104, 108, 109, 141, 142, 152, 155, 156–7, 158

Nutini, H. G. & I. Buchler, 152

Palmer, E., 157

Piaget, J., 1, 124, 157

Pink, O., 25, 28–9, 157

Planert, W., 149, 157

Powdermaker, H., 81n, 157

Radcliffe-Brown, A. R., 26, 32, 39, 41, 42, 52–5, 58, 59, 61, 62, 112, 122, 158

Reuther, J. G., 40

Revel, J. F., 142, 158

Riedel, W., 40n

Rivers, W. H. R., 47, 158

Rivière, P. G., xiii, 16, 158

Schmidt, 54

Schneider, D. M., 81–2n, 158

Scholte, B., 144, 158

Sharp, B., 113, 119, 158

Siebert, O., 40, 42, 49, 158

Simonis, Y., 143, 158

Simpson, T., xiii

Spencer, B., 113, 158

Spencer, B., & F. J. Gillen, 26, 27, 30, 32, 114, 115, 116, 117, 158

Sperber, D., 111, 123, 135, 136, 138, 158

Strehlow, C., 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 158

Strehlow, T. G. H., 30, 32, 33n, 40n, 159

Taplin, G., 146, 156, 159

Thomas, N. W., 41, 49, 50–1, 54, 159

Tindale, N. B., 159

Trefry, D., 40n

Tylor, E. B., 13

Vogelsang, H., 40, 41, 146, 147, 149

Warner, L.W., 112, 116, 117, 118, 159

Weil, A., 124, 125, 126, 127, 133, 135, 159

Westermarck, E., 9

Wettenfel, 146, 149

White, H. C., 124, 126n, 127, 128, 129, 131, 133, 134, 135, 151, 159

White, L., 13, 159

Woods, J. D., 146, 159

 

Subject Index

adoption, Iatmül, 87

Aimol, 109

alliance, 4, 80, 121

asymmetric, 48, 97, 107

Iatmül, 80, 81, 96, 112, 141; see also Iatmül, alliance

Kachin, 97n

prescriptive, 100; see also prescriptive systems

see also marriage

alternate generations, 111, 112, 141; see also Mara

Arabana, descent among, 27

Aranda, 126, 127, 130, 131, 141, 143

descent among, 25–6, 27, 28, 30, 33, 109, 112

Dieri system and, 39, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 66, 74, 109

exchange among, 25

of sisters, 25

Mara and, 112–13, 119

marriage among, 28, 112–13

moieties among, 26, 27, 28, 30–1, 32, 33n 34, 109, 122, 134

Northern, 25, 28

residence among, 25, 26, 34

Southern, 25, 27, 28

subsections among, 25, 26, 28, 111

terminology, kinship, 29, 30, 32, 64, 66, 74, 97, 111, 112, 116, 119, 121, 122, 123

totemic system of, 27, 31, 32, 33

Aranta, 113

Arunta, 113, 129

descent among, 27

Asia, South East, classification in, 100

Australian systems, 22, 52, 56, 97n

see also Arabana, Aranda, Aranta, Arunta, Dieri, Jantruwanta, Jauraworlra, Kamilaroi, Kariera, Laierdila, Mara, Murngin, Ngameni, Warrai, Warramunga, Wikmunkan

betrothal

among Dieri, 56–7, 73

among Iatmül, 108

among Mara, 116

bride-price / -wealth; see marriage, payments

categories, social, 3

Chin, 109

choice, 37

classification, social, 5, 48, 68, 98, 100, 108, 122

consanguinity, 3–4

cousin(s); see cross-cousins and parallel-cousins

cross-cousins, 15

marriage of bilateral, 35

matrilateral, 22–3, 35

patrilateral, 23, 35

Crow Indians, 19

‘Crow–Omaha’ systems, 19, 20;

see also terminology, kinship

descent, 111

Arabana, 27

Aranda, 25, 26, 27, 28, 30, 33, 109

Arunta, 27

Dieri, 42, 44, 48, 61–3, 71, 78–9n

‘double’, 55, 61–3, 122

Iatmül, 83, 91, 92

in Lévi-Strauss, 23–4, 26, 33

Mara, 115

Dieri, 112

Aranda system and, 39, 54, 55, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 66, 74, 109

betrothal among, 56–7, 73

descent among, 42, 44, 48, 61–3, 71, 78–9n

disintegration of, 41

early accounts of, 27, 40–1

genealogical levels among, 47–8, 68, 72–3, 96

inheritance among, 42, 44, 70

initiation among, 59

interpretations of, Elkin, 55–8, 66–7, 71–2, 146

Howitt, 48–52, 146, 147

Lane and Lane, 61–3

Law, 49, 50

Lévi-Strauss, 39, 40, 59–61, 63–6, 74–5, 77–8, 141, 143

Radcliffe-Brown, 39, 52–5, 58

Thomas, 49, 50–1

location of, 41–2

marriage among, 39, 44, 47, 50–1, 54, 58, 63, 70, 73, 76, 118

moiety system, 39, 42–5, 48, 58–9, 62–3, 77–8, 109, 111, 134

myths among, 42, 43, 59

procreation concepts among, 58–9

residence among, 40, 42, 122

sister-exchange among, 45, 47

terminology, kinship, 45–8, 48–52, 53, 54–5, 56–7, 59–61, 62, 63–9, 70–5, 78, 97, 109, 111, 116, 121, 122, 123, 138, 146–9

totemic system, 42, 43, 44–5, 49, 55, 59, 76–7

divorce, 89, 100, 104, 108

dual organization, 22

Dutch anthropology; see Leiden, School of

endogamy, 90

evolutionary theories, 49, 111

Morgan and, 44, 48

exchange, 4–5, 21–4

continuous, 22–3

discontinuous, 23

generalized, 21–4, 39, 76, 78, 109, 141

marriage as, 4, 13; see also marriage and alliance

of prestations, 100–3, 108

restricted, 21–2, 24, 25, 34, 35, 39, 76, 78, 109, 141

sister, 25, 45, 47, 87–8, 105, 106

symmetrical, 34

women and, 10, 13–14, 22, 108

exogamy

early ideas on, 49

rules of, 4, 13

filiation, 26

Garo, 75n

genealogical levels among Dieri, 46–7, 68, 72–3, 96

among Iatmül, 88, 93, 98, 104, 105

among Laierdila, 119

generations, alternating; see alternating generations

Gurage, kinship terminology, 20

Iatmül

adoption among, 87

alliance(s), 80, 81, 96, 112, 141

iai, 86, 87, 89, 94, 96, 98, 104, 105, 106, 108

na, 86–7, 104, 106

preferential, 80, 104–5, 108

prescriptive, 80, 95–6, 97, 98, 105–6, 110

sister exchange, 87–8, 105, 106

wau’s daughter/lau’s son, 88–9, 94, 95, 101, 105, 106

betrothal, 108

ceremonial life among, 82, 83, 84, 89, 98, 101, 102, 108

clans, patrilineal, 81n, 83, 84, 86, 89, 91, 93, 98, 99–100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 108, 111

descent, 83, 91

divisions of, 82

genealogical levels among, 88, 93, 98, 104, 105

inheritance among, 83, 99

language group, 82

marriage among, 84, 86, 89–90, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104–5, 107

moieties among, 81n, 88, 134

initiation, 98–100, 111, 122

totemic, 83, 98, 108, 111, 122

names among, 84, 99–100

naven among, 81, 101, 102;

see also under ceremonial life

population size, 83

prestations among, 100–3, 108

residence, 84

social change among, 83–4, 108

subsistence and trade, 82

symbols, 102–3

terminology, kinship, 80, 81, 84–5, 86, 90–5, 96, 97, 98, 104, 105–6, 109, 110, 111, 118, 121, 122, 123

totemic system, 83, 84, 88, 108

villages among, 82, 83, 84, 88n, 108

war and feud among, 82, 90, 102

incest

early theories of, 49

Lévi-Strauss on, 8–16, 140

defects in, 12–13

nature/culture and, 9, 10–15

problems of, 11–12

marriage and, 16

taboos, 9, 18

theories of, 9, 16

inheritance,

Dieri, 42, 44, 70

Iatmül, 83, 99

widow, 100

Jantruwanta, 42

Juaraworka, 42

Kachin, 97n, 109, 142

divorce among, 104

Kamilaroi, 54

Kariera, 17, 25, 32, 59, 75, 113, 120, 122–3, 126, 128, 129, 130, 135–6, 138, 143

terminology, kinship, 59, 75, 123

kinship terminology see terminology, kinship

Laierdila, 113, 119

Leiden, School of, 5

Lévi-Strauss, C.

analysis of

Aranda system, 25–33, 141, 143

Dieri system, 39–40, 59–61, 63–6, 74–5, 77–8, 109, 141, 145

Mara system, 112–13, 117–118, 119, 141, 143

exchange theory of, 4–5, 13–14, 21–4, 141

incest and, 8–16, 140

models of, 1, 6, 107, 143–4

mechanical, 37–8

statistical, 37–8

nature/culture dichotomy of, 8, 9, 16, 140

on regimes, 23–4, 34–5, 76, 111, 141–2

and rules, 9, 10, 11, 17, 37, 144

structure in, 17, 21, 106, 111

locality; see residence

Manggarai, 75n

Mapuche, 75n

Mara

Aranda and, 112–13, 119

betrothal among, 116–19

descent, 115

Lévi-Strauss on, 112–13, 117–119, 141, 143

marriage among, 113–14, 116, 118, 120–1

moieties, 112, 113, 117–18, 122, 134

terminology, kinship, 112, 114–116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123

Mara–Anula, 78

marriage

Aranda, 28, 112–13, 118

‘classes’, 55, 135, 136

concept of, 16

cross-cousin, 22

bilateral, 35

matrilateral, 22–3, 35, 112

patrilateral, 23, 35, 112

Dieri, 39, 44, 47, 50–1, 54, 58, 63, 70, 73, 76, 118

as exchange, 4, 13

‘group’, 51

Iatmül, 84, 86, 89–90, 94, 96, 98, 100, 104–5, 107

incest and, 16

Laierdila, 119

Mara, 113–14, 116, 118, 120–1

mathematics and; see mathematics

payments, 100

rules of, 15, 17, 19, 37, 88, 144; see also mathematics

mathematics and marriage rules, 125, 141

aims of, 125, 131–2

benefits of, 139

Bush and, 124, 126–7, 132

categories of, 132–3

Courrège and, 124, 129–31, 132

Kemeny, Snell, & Thompson and, 124, 127–8, 132

limits of, 133–4, 139

Sperber and, 135–6

Weil and, 124, 125–6

White and, 124, 128–9, 132

matrilineal descent, 24

model(s)

in Lévi-Strauss, 1, 6, 107, 143–4

mechanical, 37–8

statistical, 37–8

permutation, 136–8, 141; see also mathematics

moiety systems, 22, 69, 75, 126, 132

Aranda, 26, 27, 28, 30–1, 32, 33n, 34, 109, 122, 134

Dieri, 39, 42–5, 48, 58–9, 62–3, 77–8, 109, 111, 134

Iatmül, 81n, 88, 134

initiation, 98–100, 111, 122

totemic, 83, 98, 108, 111, 122

Mara, 112, 113, 117–18, 122, 134

Mota, 69

‘Sinhalese’, 69

Mota, moieties, 69

Murngin, 122, 124, 129, 130, 131

nature/culture dichotomy in Lévi-Strauss, 8, 9–15, 140

Needham, R. on prescriptive systems, 5, 19n, 36, 51, 100

Ngameni, 42

parallel-cousins, 15, 22

Pentecost, 47

permutation matrix, 129

polygyny

Iatmül, 89

sororal, 100

preference, 38

preferential systems, 5–6, 36–8, 80, 81, 106–7

difference from prescriptive, 38, 106–7

Iatmül, 80, 104–5, 108

prescriptive systems, 5–6, 14, 15, 80, 81, 106–7, 111

difference from preferential, 38, 106–7

elementary structures and, 36–8

features of, 100, 104, 133–4

Iatmül, 80, 95, 97, 98, 105–6

Kachin, 104

models and, 37–8

Needham on, 5, 19n, 36, 51, 100

prescriptive terminologies, 5, 18, 35, 45, 64, 66–79 68–9, 75, 77, 79, 95, 109, 110, 134–135, 136–7

procreation, Dieri concepts of, 58–9

prohibitions, 3, 4, 20

incest, 8, 9, 10–12, 13

Purum, 129

Queensland, Northwestern, 122; see also Laierdila

reciprocity, principle of, 15, 21; see also exchange

regime, Lévi-Strauss on, 23–4, 34–5, 76, 111, 141–3

disharmonic, 24, 34, 35, 40, 111, 112

harmonic, 24, 40

residence rules, 23–4, 111, 112

Aranda, 25, 26, 34

Dieri, 40, 42, 122

Iatmül, 84

rules

importance of in Lévi-Strauss, 9, 10, 11, 17, 37, 144

marriage, 15, 17, 19, 20, 88, 144

mathematics and; see mathematics

section systems, 75, 77, 134

Aranda, 25–34, 39, 111

eight, 22, 25, 39

four, 22, 54, 120

Sepik river, 81n, 82

Sinhalese society, 69

sister exchange; see exchange, sister

sororal polygyny, 100

structure(s)

complex, 5, 18–20, 36–8, 80, 81

elementary, 5, 8, 14, 1.5, 17, 18–20, 36–8, 80, 81, 108

Lévi-Strauss’s notions of, 17–18, 21, 36, 80, 106, 111

Structures élémentaires de la parenté, Les

as a general theory, 17–18

importance of, 1–7, 141–2

problems of, 140–3

symbol(s)

Iatmül, 102–3

Southeast Asian, 100

Tarau, 126, 127, 128

terminology, kinship, 2–3, 15, 19, 75–6, 108

Aranda, 29, 30 32, 64, 66, 97, 111, 112, 116, 119, 121, 122, 123

‘classificatory’, 2, 3

‘Crow’, 19, 20

‘descriptive’, 2, 3

Dieri, 45–8, 48–52, 53, 54–5, 56–7, 59–61, 62–3, 63–9, 70–5, 78, 97, 111, 116, 121, 122, 123, 138, 146–9

Gurage, 20

Hocart on, 3, 108

Iatmül, 80, 81, 84–5, 86, 90–95, 96, 97, 98, 104, 105–6, 109, 110, 111, 118, 121, 122, 123

Kariera, 59, 75, 123

Laierdila, 1 19

Mara, 112, 114–16, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122

‘Omaha’, 19, 20, 81n

prescriptive, 5, 18, 35, 45, 64, 66–7, 68–9, 75, 77, 79, 95, 109, 110, 134–5, 136–7

totemic systems

Aranda, 27, 31, 32, 33

Dieri, 42, 43, 44–5, 49, 55, 59, 76–7

Iatmül, 83, 84, 98, 108

Warrai, 113

Warramunga, 113

widow inheritance, 100

Wikmunkan, 39, 109, 141

women, exchange of, 10, 13–14, 108