CHAPTER 1: IN THE THICK OF IT
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CHAPTER 2: WHEN YOU SMILE, THE WORLD SMILES WITH YOU
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8. Cited in Hatfield, “Emotional Contagion,” 97.
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31. S. Lyubormirsky and others, “Pursuing Happiness: The Architecture of Sustainable Change,” Review of General Psychology 9 (2005): 111–31.
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33. J. T. Cacioppo, J. H. Fowler, and N. A. Christakis, “Alone in the Crowd: The Structure and Spread of Loneliness in a Large Social Network,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (forthcoming).
34. H. Fisher, Why We Love: The Nature and Chemistry of Romantic Love (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2004).
CHAPTER 3: LOVE THE ONE YOU’RE WITH
1. http://www.city-data.com/forum/relationships/331411-how-i-met-my-spouse-3.html (accessed March 3, 2009). Reprinted by permission of the author.
2. E. O. Laumann and others, The Social Organization of Sexuality: Sexual Practices in the United States (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).
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4. Laumann, Social Organization of Sexuality.
5. Bozon, “Finding a Spouse.”
6. M. Madden and A. Lenhart, “Online Dating,” Pew Internet and American Life Project, http://www.pewinternet.org/pdfs/PIP_Online_Dating.pdf, ii (accessed February 28, 2009).
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid., iii.
9. X. Xiaohe and M. K. Whyte, “Love Matches and Arranged Marriage: A Chinese Replication,” Journal of Marriage and Family 52 (1990): 709–22; see also N. P. Medora, “Mate Selection in Contemporary India: Love Marriages Versus Arranged Marriages,” in Mate Selection Across Cultures, ed. H. R. Hamon and B. B. Ingoldsby (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2003): 209–30.
10. Laumann, Social Organization of Sexuality, 255.
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28. Laumann, Social Organization of Sexuality.
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31. W. Farr, “Influence of Marriage on the Mortality of the French People,” in Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, ed. G. W. Hastings (London: John W. Park & Son, 1858), 504–13.
32. D. Lubach, quoted in F. Van Poppel and I. Joung, “Long Term Trends in Marital Status Differences in the Netherlands 1850–1970,” Journal of Biosocial Science 33 (2001): 279–303.
33. B. Turksma, quoted in Van Poppel and I. Joung, “Long Term Trends in Marital Status Differences in the Netherlands 1850–1970,” Journal of Biosocial Science 33 (2001): 279–303.
34. M. Young, B. Benjamin, and C. Wallis, “The Mortality of Widowers,” Lancet 2, no. 7305 (1963): 454–56.
35. F. Elwert and N. A. Christakis, “Variation in the Effect of Widowhood on Mortality by the Causes of Death of Both Spouses,” American Journal of Public Health 98 (2008): 2092–98.
36. L. J. Waite, “Does Marriage Matter?” Demography 32 (1995): 483–508.
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38. See, for example: K. Allen, J. Blascovich, W. B. Mendes, “Cardiovascular Reactivity and the Presence of Pets, Friends, and Spouses: The Truth about Cats and Dogs,” Psychosomatic Medicine 64 (2002): 727–39; J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser and others, “Marital Quality, Marital Disruption, and Immune Function,” Psychosomatic Medicine 49 (1987): 13–34.
39. T. J. Iwashyna and N. A. Christakis, “Marriage, Widowhood, and Health Care Use,” Social Science and Medicine 57 (2003): 2137–47; L. Jin and N. A. Christakis, “Investigating the Mechanism of Marital Mortality Reduction: The Transition to Widowhood and Quality of Health Care,” Demography (forthcoming).
40. D. Umberson, “Family Status and Health Behaviors: Social Control as a Dimension of Social Integration,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 28 (1987): 306–19; D. Umberson, “Gender, Marital Status and the Social Control of Health Behavior,” Social Science and Medicine 34 (1992): 907–17.
41. F. Elwert and N. A. Christakis, “Widowhood and Race,” American Sociological Review 71 (2006): 16–41.
42. See, for example, ibid.
43. Y. Hu and N. Goldman, “Mortality Differentials by Marital Status: An International Comparison,” Demography 27 (1990): 233–50.
44. Elwert, “Widowhood and Race.”
45. D. Umberson and others, “You Make Me Sick: Marital Quality and Health Over the Life Course,” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 47 (2006): 1–16; see also D. Carr, “Gender, Pre-loss Marital Dependence, and Older Adults’ Adjustment to Widowhood,” Journal of Marriage and Family 66 (2004): 220–35.
46. G. Clark, Too Brief a Treat—Letters of Truman Capote (New York: Random House, 2004).
CHAPTER 4: THIS HURTS ME AS MUCH AS IT HURTS YOU
1. http://www.rockdalecounty.org/main.cfm?id=2130 (accessed March 1, 2009).
2. M. A. J. McKenna, “Teen Sex Tales Turn National Focus to Rockdale,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 19, 1999; see also R. B. Rothenberg and others, “Using Social Network and Ethnographic Tools to Evaluate Syphilis Transmission,” Sexually Transmitted Diseases 25 (1998): 154–60.
3. McKenna, “Teen Sex Tales.”
4. C. Russell, “Venereal Disease Rampant Among America’s Teenagers; Health Officials Call for Prevention and Study,” Washington Post, November 26, 1996.
5. McKenna, “Teen Sex Tales.”
6. Rothenberg, “Using Social Network and Ethnographic Tools.”
7. P. S. Bearman, J. Moody, and K. Stovel, “Chains of Affection,” American Journal of Sociology 110 (2004): 44–91.
8. J. J. Potterat and others, “Sexual Network Structure as an Indicator of Epidemic Phase,” Sexually Transmitted Infections 78 (2002): 152–58.
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12. H Epstein, The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West, and the Fight Against AIDS (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2007).
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34. See, for example: UPI, “Japanese Internet Suicide Clubs Targeted by Police,” October 7, 2005; BBC News, “Nine Die in Japan Suicide Pacts,” October 12, 2004; and S. Rajagopal, “Suicide Pacts and the Internet,” British Medical Journal 329 (2004): 1298–99.
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36. P. Hedstrom, K. Y. Liu, and M. K. Nordvik, “Interaction Domains and Suicides: A Population-Based Panel Study of Suicides in Stockholm, 1991–1999,” Social Forces 87 (2008): 713–40.
37. M. D. Resnick and others, “Protecting Adolescents from Harm: Findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health,” Journal of the American Medical Association 278 (1997): 823–32.
38. Centers for Disease Control, “Suicide Contagion.”
39. M. Gould, P. Jamieson, and D. Romer, “Media Contagion and Suicide Among the Young,” American Behavioral Scientist 46 (2003): 1269–84.
40. R. R. Wing and R. W. Jeffery, “Benefits of Recruiting Participants with Friends and Increasing Social Support for Weight Loss and Maintenance,” Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 67 (1999): 132–38.
41. A. A. Gorin and others, “Weight Loss Treatment Influences Untreated Spouses and the Home Environment: Evidence of a Ripple Effect,” International Journal of Obesity 32 (2008): 1678–84; see also A. L. Shattuck, E. White, A. R. Kristal, “How Women’s Adopted Low-Fat Diets Affect Their Husbands,” American Journal of Public Health 82 (1992): 1244–50; R. S. Zimmerman and others, “The Effects of a Worksite Health Promotion Program on the Wives of Firefighters,” Social Science and Medicine 26 (1988): 537–43.
42. T. W. Valente and P. Pumpuang, “Identifying Opinion Leaders to Promote Behavior Change,” Health Education and Behavior 34 (2007): 881–96.
43. D. B. Buller and others, “Randomized Trial Testing the Effect of Peer Education in Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 91 (1999):1491–1500; K. J. Sikkema and others, “Outcomes of a Randomized Community-Level HIV Prevention Intervention for Women Living in 18 Low-Income Housing Developments,” American Journal of Public Health 90 (2000): 57–63.
44. D. J. Watts and P. S. Dodds, “Influentials, Networks, and Public Opinion Formation,” Journal of Consumer Research 34 (2007): 441–58.
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46. R. Cohen, S. Havlin, and D. Aen-Avraham, “Efficient Immunization Strategies for Computer Networks and Populations,” Physical Review Letters 91 (2003): 247901.
47. J. Leskovec and others, “Cost-Effective Outbreak Detection in Networks,” in Proceedings of the 13th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (New York: Association for Computing Machinery, 2007), 420–29.
CHAPTER 5: THE BUCK STARTS HERE
1. P. Trowbridge and S. Thompson, “Northern Rock Experiences Second Day of Withdrawals,” Bloomberg, September 15, 2007.
2. Ibid.
3. “Panic Grips Northern Rock Savers for Second Straight Day,” AFP, September 13, 2007.
4. B. Livesey and J. Menon, “Northern Rock Stock Tumbles Further Amid Run on Bank,” Bloomberg, September 17, 2007.
5. “The Great Northern Run,” Economist, September 20, 2007.
6. M. Oliver, “Customers Rush to Withdraw Money,” Guardian, September 14, 2007.
7. J. Werdigier, “A Rush to Cash out of Northern Rock,” International Herald Tribune, September 17, 2007.
8. D. Segal, “In Letter, Buffet Accepts Blame and Faults Others,” New York Times, March 1, 2009.
9. M. Kelly and C. O’Grada, ”Market Contagion: Evidence from the Panics of 1854 and 1857,” American Economic Review 90 (2000): 1110–24.
10. M. Grabell, “Dallas: Venue Closing for 5 Months After Prostitution Arrests,” Dallas Morning News, February 6, 2007.
11. S. Scott and C. Duncan, Biology of Plagues: Evidence from Historical Populations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).
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14. R. Shiller, Irrational Exuberance (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005).
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16. J. H. Fowler, “Elections and Markets: The Effect of Partisan Orientation, Policy Risk, and Mandates on the Economy,” Journal of Politics 68 (2006): 89–103; J. H. Fowler and O. Smirnov, Mandates, Parties, and Voters: How Elections Shape the Future (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2007).
17. K. J. Arrow and others, “The Promise of Prediction Markets,” Science 320 (2008): 877–78.
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CHAPTER 6: POLITICALLY CONNECTED
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CHAPTER 7: IT’S IN OUR NATURE
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17. Ibid., 49.
18. C. S. Fischer, America Calling: A Social History of the Telephone to 1940 (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1992): 26.
19. C. H. Cooley, quoted in R. McKenzie, “The Neighborhood,” reprinted in Rodrick D. McKenzie on Human Ecology, ed. A. Hawley (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1921 [1968]): 51–93.
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23. Hampton, “Netville,” 260.
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41. Ibid., 7.
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43. S. Kershaw, “Sharing Their Demons on the Web,” New York Times, November 12, 2008; see also V. Bell, A. Munoz-Solomando, and V. Reddy, “ ‘Mind Control’ Experiences on the Internet: Implications for Psychiatric Diagnosis or Delusions,” Psychopathology 39 (2006): 87–91.
44. “Woman Arrested for Killing Virtual Reality Husband,” CNN, October 23, 2008.
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CHAPTER 9: THE WHOLE IS GREAT
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