Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
Abernathy, Ralph D., 141
Abrogation, 19, 131, 174, 183, 188, 200
Adams, Hank, 149
Adoptive Couple v. Baby Girl, 203–4, 239–41
African Americans, 21–23, 97, 99, 111, 112, 139–42
AIRFA. See American Indian Religious Freedom Act
Akaka, Daniel, 216
Akwesasne Notes, 261 (n. 2), 262 (n. 25)
Alabama, 20, 139–42, 252 (n. 19)
Alabama-Coushatta, 97
Alaska Federation of Natives, 204
Alaska Native Brotherhood, 78
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, 154–55
Alaska Native Sisterhood, 78
Alcatraz Island, 153, 155, 157–59
Aleuts, 56
Alito, Samuel, 240
Allegheny, 6
Allen, Susan, 234–36
All-Pueblo Council, 50–53
American Aborigine (newsletter), 98, 261 (n. 2)
American Indian Chicago Conference, 115–19, 120–23
American Indian Intellectual Tradition, The (Martinez), 4
American Indian Movement (AIM), 3, 153; inception of, 154; Longest Walk and, 180, 184–88, 262 (n. 25); Trail of Broken Treaties and, 160; in Trudell, 163–66. See also International Indian Treaty Council (IITC)
American Indian Religious Freedom Act (AIRFA), 154, 192–94
American Indian Trust Fund Management Reform Act, 203
American Legion, 80
Americans before Columbus (newsletter), 98
Anderson, Mad Bear, 143
Anthropology: reflexivity in, 1; research on Kennewick Man, 203, 207–9
Anti-Discrimination Act (Alaska), 78
Apology Resolution, 203, 216, 218–19, 220
Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), 208
Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 230, 231–32
ARPA. See Archaeological Resources Protection Act
Aspinall, Wayne, 108–10, 258 (n. 14)
Assimilation: Bureau of Indian Affairs and, 112–13, 258 (n. 18); imperialism and, 9–10; reactions to, 36; resistance to, 95, 158, 212–13; self-determination and, 57; termination and, 56, 97
Assiniboine, 149
Association on American Indian Affairs, 113, 259 (n. 20)
Atomic weapons, 83–88
Badlands Bombing Range, 89–92, 257 (n. 46)
Baez, Joan, 141
Baker, John L., 136–37, 260 (n. 39)
Baldwin, James, 141
“Bayonet Constitution,” 13, 14
Belafonte, Harry, 141
Beyond the Melting Pot (Glazer & Moynihan), 137
BIA. See Bureau of Indian Affairs
Black Hills, 65–66, 165, 168, 256 (n. 14)
Black Panthers, 165, 261 (n. 15)
Blanca Peak, 265 (n. 37)
Blood quantum, 24, 75, 217, 219, 226–29, 239–41
Bosque Redondo, 265 (n. 37)
Brando, Marlon, 143
Brewer, Bryan, 257 (n. 43)
Brown v. Board of Education, 112, 117
Bruyneel, Kevin, 128
Bunche, Ralph J., 141
Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA): assimilation and, 112–13, 258 (n. 18); in Civil War, 255 (n. 5); colonialism and, 253 (n. 29); in Mankiller, 199–201; misappropriation of funds by, 221–25; in Montezuma, 32, 33–34; occupation of, 154, 160; in Parker, 27–28, 30, 31; sovereignty and, 253 (n. 29); voluntary relocation program of, 112, 258 (n. 18)
Burke, Edmund, 194
Cabazon Band, 189
Cadman, Frank, 70–74
“Campaign of Awareness,” 143
Canada, 45–49, 187, 255 (n. 53)
Carcieri v. Salazar, 203–4
Carlisle Indian Industrial School, 41, 254 (n. 46)
Carlyle, Frank Ertel, 107, 110, 258 (n. 13)
Carter, Charles D., 43–44
Case, Ralph H., 67, 256 (n. 15)
Cattaraugus, 6
Central America, 185
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 185, 193, 262 (n. 33)
Chad Mitchell Trio, 141
Charlo, Victor, 149
Cherokee, 6, 108, 169, 226, 253 (n. 25)
Cherokee Nation, 199–201
Chicago, 56
Chickasaw, 6, 239, 252 (n. 21)
Children, 239–41
Chinook language, 256 (n. 18)
Chitto, Joe, 75–77
Choctaw, 6, 75, 99, 111–14, 252 (n. 21)
CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency
Citizenship: by blood, 226–29; blood quantum and, 226–29, 239–40; Canadian, 45–49; civil rights and, 117; Dawes Act and, 9; discrimination and, 78–79; integration and, 117–18; military service and, 10, 22, 39, 45–49; resistance to, 39, 43, 45, 188; sovereignty and, 10; as weapon, 188
Citizenship Act of 1924, 170, 186, 188
Civilian Conservation Corps, 256 (n. 24)
Civil rights: African American, 97, 99, 111, 112, 139–42; American Indian Chicago Conference and, 115–19, 120–23; citizenship and, 117; “color” and, 111; Committee of 100 and, 149–51; Declaration of Indian Purpose and, 120–23; education and, 150–51; National Congress of American Indians and, 99, 101–2; National Indian Youth Council and, 128–32; Poor People’s Campaign and, 99, 139, 146–47, 149–51; poverty and, 98–99; racism and, 111–14; termination and, 97–98, 101–2, 153; treaty rights and, 103–6, 121–22; Workshop on American Indian Affairs and, 124–27; youth movement and, 98. See also Self-determination
Civil Rights Act of 1964, 142, 260 (n. 37)
Civil War (U.S.), 21–22, 24, 252 (n. 29), 255 (n. 5)
Climate change, 204. See also Environmental protection
Cobell, Elouise, 221–25
Cobell v. Norton, 221–25
Cochití, 6
Cogewea (Mourning Dove), 68
COINTELPRO, 182
Cold War, 83–88
College campuses, 98. See also Education
Collier, John, 55–56, 59, 61–62, 66–67, 69–70, 72–73
Collins, LeRoy, 134, 260 (n. 37)
Colonialism, 124, 129–30, 150, 157, 164, 167, 239, 253 (n. 29)
Colorado College, 98, 259 (n. 26). See also Workshop on American Indian Affairs
“Colored,” American Indians as, 111
Columbia River, 213
Columbus, Christopher, 19–20
Comaroff, Jean, 3
Comaroff, John, 3
Commerce clause, 103
Committee of One Hundred, 57, 149–51
Community Action Program, 2–3, 98, 259 (n. 29)
Community Relations Service, 260 (n. 37)
Confederated Salish-Kootenai, 93
Confederate States of America, 252 (n. 29)
Constitution (U.S.), 103, 133, 169, 218
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, 170, 172
Coolidge, Calvin, 57
Council of Energy Resource Tribes, 204
Covenant Chain, 49, 255 (n. 54)
Creech, William A., 260 (n. 38), 304
Creeks, 10, 19, 20, 252 (n. 19–21)
Criminal law, 97, 101, 134, 155, 237–38
Croatan, 108
Cross, Jeri, 124–25, 125, 259 (n. 28)
Cross, Martin, 80–82, 205, 257 (n. 37)
Cross, Raymond, 205, 257 (n. 37)
Curtis Act, 24–26, 252(n. 21), 253 (n. 25)
Custer Died for Your Sins (Deloria), 97
Dahmer, Jeffrey, 262 (n. 25)
Dance, 36–38, 51–52, 254 (n. 39)
Dancing Rabbit Creek Treaty, 75–76
Dann, Carrie, 204
Dann, Mary, 204
Dawes, Henry, 64
Dawes Rolls, 253 (n. 25)
“Declaration of Continuing Independence” (International Indian Treaty Council), 167–71
Declaration of Indian Purpose, 120–23
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples, 172
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, 154, 203
Deloria, Vine, Jr., 3–4, 64, 97, 99, 133–38
DeMallie, Raymond, 249
Democratic-Farm-Labor (DFL) party, 234
Denver, 56
Deskaheh, 45–49
Dibé Ntsáá, 265 (n. 37)
Diné, 6, 70–74, 180–83, 210, 245, 265 (n. 37). See also Navajo
Discrimination, 78–79, 111. See also Civil rights
Doo’o’k’osliid, 265 (n. 37)
Dozier, Edward, 115–19
Du Bois, W. E. B., 27
Economic development, 56, 130, 149, 155–56, 204, 210. See also Gambling
Economic justice, 128, 139, 234–36
Economic Opportunity Act, 98–99
ECW. See Emergency Conservation Work (ECW) Act
Emergency Conservation Work (ECW) Act, 71–72, 256 (n. 24)
Energy sovereignty, 205, 245, 265 (n. 39)
Environmental protection, 175, 204. See also Hanford Nuclear Site; Keystone XL Pipeline
Ethnography, 1
Evans, Dale, 143
Fast Horse, Fred, 35
Financial misappropriation, by BIA, 221–25
Fish, Mary, 225
Fish-In, 142
Fort Berthold, 6
Fort Defiance, 70
Fort McDowell, 6
Fort Peck, 37
Foucault, Michel, 252 (n. 1)
Fourteen Points, 10–11
Fowler, Loretta, 3
Freedom, 32–34, 39, 50–53, 165. See also Religious freedom; Self-determination
Galler, Christine, 68–69
Garrison Dam, 80–82, 257 (n. 37)
Garry, Joseph, 101
Gay marriage, 236
Gender, 234–36
General Allotment Act, 9, 10, 55, 135, 170
Geneva Declaration, 172–75, 182
Genocide, 158, 170, 176–79, 180, 183
Georgia, 169
Goldman, Emma, 69, 256 (n. 20)
Goshute, 10
Gover, Kevin, 203
Grass Dance, 37, 254 (n. 39). See also Dance
Great Depression, 55
Great Sioux Reservation, 254 (n. 37)
Gregory, Dick, 262 (n. 25)
Gruening, Earnest, 78
Hague Regulations, 220
Haley, James, 108, 258 (n. 15)
Hanford Nuclear Site, 210–15
Harjo, Chitto, 19–23, 252 (n. 19), 252 (n. 21)–22
Hatteras, 108
Haudenosaunee, 180–83
Hawai‘i, 9, 13–18, 216–20, 252 (n. 10–16), 264 (n. 17)
Hayden, Carl, 41
Head Start, 259 (n. 29)
Heleluhe, Joseph, 16
Hena, James, 189–91
Herman, Jake, 89–92
Hernandez, Benigno, 41–42
Hethu’shka (dance), 254 (n. 39). See also Dance
Hiroshima, 83–88
Historiography, 2
Homosexuals, 234–36
Hoover Commission, 85
Hopi Traditionalist Movement, 83–88
House Concurrent Resolution 108, 97, 101, 107
House Resolution 5562, 195–98
Human rights, 115–19, 154, 172–75, 180, 183, 194, 231–33. See also Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Hu-mi-shu-ma. See Galler, Christine
Idle No More, 204
IGRA. See Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA)
IITC. See International Indian Treaty Council
Independent Oglala Nation, 163, 170
Indian Affairs Department, 29, 30, 93, 94. See also Bureau of Indian Affairs
Indian Child Welfare Act, 154, 204, 239–41
Indian Claims Commission Act, 170, 186
Indian clubs, 98
Indian Country Renewable Energy Consortium, 204
Indian Disbursements Department, 31
Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA), 154, 189
Indian Health Service, 176–79
Indian New Deal, 56, 59. See also Indian Reorganization Act
Indian Office, 27
Indian Office (Canada), 45–49
Indian Reorganization Act (IRA), 55–56, 59, 170, 186; Catawba and, 195; Cloud on, 59–63; Galler on, 68–69; land and, 59–63; Longest Walk and, 182
Indian Rights Association, 34
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, 154, 199
Indians of All Tribes, 157–59
Indian Territory, 19
Indigenization, 57
Integration, 4, 111–14, 115, 117–18, 178–79
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 232
International Indian Treaty Council (IITC), 153–54, 167–71
International Non-Governmental Organizations Conference on Discrimination against Indigenous Populations in the Americas, 172–75, 182
Intertribal Council on Utility Policy, 204
IRA. See Indian Reorganization Act
Iran-Contra scandal, 193, 262 (n. 34)
Iron Elk, Armando, 242–44
Iroquois Confederacy, 45–49, 153–54, 160–62, 255 (n. 54)
Isleta, 6
James, Sarah Agnes, 230–33
Jemison, Alice, 103–6
Johnson, Lyndon, 143, 149, 157
Johnson, Mary, 225
Johnson, Sandra, 125, 125–26, 259 (n. 29)
Johnson, William, 49
Johnston, Lyla June, 245–48
Jurisdiction. See Tribal jurisdiction
Kalakaua, 13–14
Kanaka Maoli, 6, 13–18, 216–20, 252 (n. 13). See also Hawai‘i
Katzenbach, Nicholas, 143
Kauanui, J. Kēhaulani, 216–20
Kennedy, John F., 115
Keystone XL Pipeline, 242–44, 249
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 141, 146
Kiowa, 19
Kitch, James B., 36
Lakota, 10, 36–38, 64, 89–92, 103, 180–83, 249, 256 (n. 14)
Lamberth, Royce C., 222–23
Land: claims, 10, 55, 56, 84, 86, 195, 230; exploitation of, 181, 185; General Allotment Act and, 9, 10, 55, 135, 170; homesteaders and, 19, 23; Hopi and, 85–86; Indian Reorganization Act and, 59–63, 70–74; life and, 73–74, 185–86; Navajo and, 70–74; power of, 180–81
Land Claims Commission, 86
Langer, William, 82, 257 (n. 36)
Language, 256 (n. 18)
Latin America, 153
League of Nations, 11, 45, 154
Like a Hurricane: The Indian Movement from Alcatraz to Wounded Knee (Smith and Warrior), 3
Lili‘uokalani, 13–18, 15, 218, 252 (n. 10), 252 (n. 16)
Lone Wolf, 19
Lone Wolf v. Hitchcock, 19
Longest Walk, 180–83, 184–88, 262 (n. 25)
Los Angeles, 56
Lowry, D. F., 107–10
Lumbee Act, 107
Madigan, LaVerne, 113, 114, 259 (n. 20)
Maine, 155
Major Crimes Act, 170
Makah, 6, 259 (n. 29), 260 (n. 30)
Mancall, Peter, 3
Manhattan Project, 210, 211, 214
Mankiller, Wilma, 199–201, 200
March on Washington (1963), 99
Marias Massacre, 221, 264 (n. 20)
Marriage equality, 236
Marshall, John, 121
Martin, Phillip, 99, 111–14, 200
Martinez, David, 4
Martinez, Lorenzo, 39–44, 254 (n. 42)
Materialism, 28–29
McKinley, William, 16, 218, 252 (n. 12–13)
McLaughlin, James, 37
McMullen, Ann, 1
McNickle, D’Arcy, 93–96, 99, 120, 125
McRae, John J., 75
Menominee, 97
Meriam Report, 55
Merrell, James, 3
Mescalero Apache, 210
Mexico, 187
Military facilities, 89–92, 257 (n. 46)
Military service: in Canada, 45–49; in World War I, 10, 22, 31, 35, 39; in World War II, 56, 79, 211–12
Minneapolis Urban American Indian Committee, 142
Minnehaha County Courthouse riot, 165, 261 (n. 14)
Minnesota, 236
Minthorn, Armand, 207–9
Misappropriation, of funds by BIA, 221–25
Mission Indians, 189
Missouri River, 80–82
Mohonk Conference, 34
Monroe, James, 252 (n. 15)
Monroe Doctrine, 17
Montana, 37
Montezuma, Carlos, 32–35, 254 (n. 33)
Moore, Edward H., 82, 257 (n. 35)
Morality, 48
Mount Taylor, 265 (n. 37)
Mourning Dove. See Galler, Christine
Muckleshoot, 143
Muscogee, 6
Naboth, 252 (n. 16)
Nagasaki, 83–88
NAGPRA. See Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act
National Congress of American Indians (NCAI): civil rights and, 99, 101–2; declaration of rights by, 101–2; McNickle’s address at, 93–96; mission of, 93; self-determination and, 4; termination and, 93–96, 97–98
National Indian Youth Council (NIYC), 98, 99, 128–32, 143
Native American Church, 192–94
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA), 154, 203, 207, 208
Native American Housing Assistance and Self-Determination Act, 203
NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Natural gas, 26
Natural resources, 185, 204, 210, 231–32, 242–44. See also Oil
Navajo, 53, 70–74. See also Diné
NCAI. See National Congress of American Indians
Neighborhood Youth Corps, 259 (n. 29)
Nelson, Fred, 70–74
Nevada v. Hicks, 203
New Deal. See Emergency Conservation Work (ECW) Act; Indian New Deal
“New Indian History,” 2
New Mexico Association on American Indian Affairs, 98
Nez Perce, 68
NIYC. See National Indian Youth Council
No Heart, 36–38
Non-Intercourse and Trade Act, 195–96
Noriega, Manuel, 262 (n. 33)
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 85, 87
Northern Cheyenne, 176
Nuclear age, 83–88
Nuclear Waste Policy Act, 215
Obama, Barack, 203, 230, 259 (n. 28)
Office of Economic Opportunity, 99
Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 217
Oglala Lakota, 103
Oglala Sioux, 257 (nn. 43, 46)
Ojibwe, 10
Okanoga, 68
Oklahoma, War on Poverty in, 2–3
Oklahoma City, 56
Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 155
Omaha Dance, 254 (n. 39). See also Dance
O’Mahoney, Joseph, 81–82, 257 (n. 34)
Omak Colville District Association, 68
Osage Mineral Estate, 226–29
Pamlico, 108
Paris Peace Conference, 34–35, 254 (n. 34)
Parker, Arthur C., 27–31
Parker, Deborah, 237–38
Parks, Rosa, 141
Passamaquodies, 155
Patriotism, 78–79
Pawnee, 203
Pearl, Alex, 239–41
Penobscot, 155
Peoples Climate March, 204
Peratrovich, Elizabeth, 78–79
Peratrovich, Roy, 78–79
Peterson, Helen, 103–6
Peyote, 192–94
Phoenix, 56
Pick-Sloan Plan, 80–82
Picunis, 6
Pine Ridge, 6, 89–92, 154, 235, 242
Pine Tree Hill, 196
Pity, 34
Plenary power, 19
Plutonium, 214
Poafpybitty, Fran, 125
Poor People’s Campaign, 99, 139, 146–47, 149–51, 157
Positionality, 1
Postcolonial refusal, 128
Poverty: civil rights and, 98–99; Poor People’s Campaign and, 99, 139, 146–47, 149–51
Power, 165
Prairie Island Indian Community, 210
Progressivism, 27
Prue, Oliver, 64–67
Public Law 280, 97, 101, 107, 133–38, 170
Pueblo, 39, 50–53, 115, 189–91, 254 (n. 49)
Queen Lili‘uokalani, 13–18, 15, 218, 252 (n. 10), 252 (n. 16)
Racism: civil rights and, 111–14; class and, 146–48; education and, 150. See also Discrimination
Rape, 237–38
Reagan, Ronald, 199, 222, 262 (n. 34)
“Reign of Terror,” 163–66
Religion. See Dance; Spiritual freedom
Religious freedom. See Spiritual freedom
Relocation, 112–13, 258 (n. 18)
Remains, human, 203, 207–9. See also Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)
Renewable energy, 204
Republic of Hawai‘i, 16, 17. See also Hawai‘i
Research, anthropological, 203, 207–9
Resurrection City, 149
Revisionism, 2
Rice, Harold F., 217
Rice v. Cayetano, 217
“Right of Conquest,” 17
Roberts, W. O., 90
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 55, 256 (n. 24)
Roosevelt, Theodore, 9, 252 (n. 1)
Rosebud Delegation, 67
Rosier, Paul, 4
Russell, Angela, 139–42
St. Regis, 6
Sanchez, Marie, 176–79
Sandia, 6
Sandoval, Albert, 70–74
Sandoval case, 255 (n. 49)
“Sandwich Islands,” 252 (n. 10). See also Hawai‘i
San Francisco Peak, 265 (n. 37)
Santa Ana, 6
Santa Clara Pueblo, 6, 39, 115
Santee Sioux, 6
Santo Domingo, 6
Schenck, Alberta, 257 (n. 29)
SCLC. See Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Scott, James C., 3
Seaton, Fred, 111–14
Seattle, 56
Segregation, 78–79
Self-determination: in 1990s, 199–201; assimilation and, 57; Cherokee Nation and, 199–201; by Choctaw, 75–77; commerce clause and, 103–6; National Congress of American Indians and, 4; National Indian Youth Council and, 128–29; Senate Joint Resolution 4 and, 103–6; sovereignty and, 216–20; termination and, 154–55; treaty rights and, 121–22; War on Poverty and, 99. See also Civil rights
Seminoles, 189
Seminole Tribe v. Florida, 203
Senate Bill 344, 216–20
Senate Joint Resolution 4, 103–6
Serving Their Country (Rosier), 4
Shirley, Jim, 70–74
Shoshone, 204
Sioux, 6, 35, 36, 168, 234–36, 257 (nn. 43, 46)
Six Nation Council, 48
Slavery, 21–22
Snake, Reuben, 192–94
Snyder, Homer, 40
Society of American Indians (SAI), 27
South America, 185
South Carolina, 195–98
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), 139
Southern Paiute, 97
Southwest Regional Indian Youth Council (SWRIYC), 98
Sovereignty: American Indian Movement and, 154, 168–71, 180, 184; Bayonet Constitution and, 13; Bureau of Indian Affairs and, 253 (n. 29); casinos and, 189–91, 203; citizenship and, 10; Declaration of Indian Purpose and, 120–23; energy and, 205, 245, 265 (n. 39); fishing rights and, 143–45; in Hawai‘i, 13–18; Hopi, 83–88; Idle No More movement and, 204; Iroquois, 45–49; jurisdiction and, 237; Kennewick Man and, 207–9; language and, 256 (n. 18); Longest Walk and, 180; Public Law 280 and, 97; self-determination and, 216–20; sterilization and, 176–79; termination and, 101; women’s rights and, 176–79
Spain, 50–53
Spiritual freedom, 28, 50–53, 192–94
Spokane, 68
Spotted Eagle, Faith, 242–44, 244, 249
Standing Rock Sioux, 6, 36, 168
Sterilization, of women, 176–79, 182
Stevens, John L., 17, 252 (n. 14)
Students, 98. See also Education
Students for a Democratic Society, 165, 261 (n. 15)
Subjection, 252 (n. 1)
Sun dances, 37
SWRIYC. See Southwest Regional Indian Youth Council
Symbionese Liberation Army, 165, 261 (n. 15)
Taholah, 68
“Talented Tenth,” 27
Taos, 6, 39, 41–43, 52, 154, 245
Taxes, 43
Termination: civil rights and, 97–98, 153; National Congress of American Indians and, 93–96, 101–2; relocation and, 112–13, 258 (n. 18); self-determination and, 154–55
Termination Act, 170
Texas, 97
Thom, Mel, 149
Three Affiliated Tribes, 80–82, 257 (n. 37)
Tonawanda, 6
Trail of Broken Treaties, 154, 160
Trail of Tears, 169
Treaty abrogation, 19, 131, 174, 183, 188, 200
Treaty of Cusseta, 252 (n. 19)
Treaty of Fort Laramie, 37, 80, 168, 243, 254 (n. 37)
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 39, 254 (n. 43)
Treaty of Ruby Valley, 204, 263 (n. 5)
Treaty of Washington (1855), 207, 210
Treaty rights, 55, 57, 103–6, 121–22, 144, 154, 168, 169, 210, 253 (n. 29)
Tribal jurisdiction, 97, 101, 107, 138, 144, 155, 174, 237, 239
Tribal Law and Order Act, 203
Trudell, John, 163–66
Truman, Harry S., 83–88
Trust Fund Reform Act, 223
Trust relationship, 39, 93, 97, 115, 195, 216, 255 (n. 49)
Tsoodził, 265 (n. 37)
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 1, 2
Twenty Points, 154, 160, 261 (n. 5)
Twiss, Hattie, 89–92
Udall, Stewart, 146
Uintah-Ouray Ute, 97
Unimak Island, 56
United Kingdom, 45–49
United Nations (UN), 142, 154, 170, 172, 179, 203, 204, 218
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 172
University campuses, 98. See also Education
University of Chicago, 115–19
University of Colorado, 98, 259 (n. 26). See also Workshop on American Indian Affairs
Uranium, 210
Utah, 97
Ute, 97
Violence Against Women Act, 203, 237–38
Walker, Tillie, 146–48, 148, 149
Warm Springs, 68
WARN. See Women of All Red Nations
War on Poverty, 2–3, 98–99, 259 (n. 29)
Warrior, Clyde, 125, 128–32, 142
Warrior, Robert, 3
Washington, D.C., 184
Watkins, Arthur V., 101
Weathermen, 261 (n. 15)
Western Shoshone, 204
“Which One Are You?” (Warrior), 128
White Bull, George, 64–67, 256 (n. 13)
White House Tribal Nations Conference, 203
Whites, 164–65
Wilkie, Bruce, 125, 126–27, 260 (n. 30)
Wilkinson, Charles, 256 (n. 18)
Wilson, Dickie, 163
Wilson, Woodrow, 10–11
Wisconsin, 97
Women: sterilization of, 176–79, 182; violence against, 237–38
Women of All Red Nations (WARN), 153, 176
Working Group on Indigenous Populations (United Nations), 154
Workshop on American Indian Affairs, 98, 124–27, 125
World War I, 10–11, 27, 32–33, 37; citizenship and, 39; military service in, 10, 22, 31, 35, 39; Paris Peace Conference and, 254 (n. 34)
World War II, 56, 78, 83, 211–12
Wounded Knee, 160
Wounded Knee Massacre, 257 (n. 45)
Yavapai, 32
Youth movement, 98
Zia, 6