ABC News, 228
Abelson, Robert P., 237
Aberdeen American News: in ad study, 53; lowest advertising rate, 54; most trusted by sources, 91
Accuracy study: and credibility, 91; methodology of, 85; questionnaire, 101–5
Advertising: additional sales per dollar spent, 61; agency payment method, 60; and bar code scanners, 61; CPM, 51; direct marketing, 61; duplication of, 51; and gross rating points, 50; and involvement index, 61; linked to editorial content, 64; and newspaper market share, 42; testing for effects of, 61
Advertising Research Foundation, 120
Akron Beacon Journal: best edited, 140; decline in spelling, 145; editorial vigor of, 132; and Fire-stone investigation, 69; and kids' page, 69; Meyer's work with, 165; supportive of community, 70
Allen, Dale, 140
American Association for Public Opinion Research (AAPOR), 225–26
American Journalism Review, 25, 64
American Meteorological Society, 229
American Press Institute, 202, 206
American Society of Newspaper Editors: code enforcement, 223; credibility study, 57; and ethical sanctions, 228; newsroom census, 21, 145, 152; Statement of Principles, 201
American University, 209
Anderson, Jack, 225
Angelo, Frank, 207
Anger, Paul, 187
Annapolis Capital, 140
Arant, Morgan David, 139
Association for Education in Journalism, 77
Audit Bureau of Circulations, 28– 29, 50, 79, 95, 148
Bad competitors, 232
Bakersfield Californian, 202
Barnes & Noble, 63 Batten, James K.: concern for children, 68; and contingency budgets, 173; death of, 175; and Meyer's MBO, 200; and readership decline, 122; watching the bad guys, 175
Bellows, Jim, 124
Bezanson, Randall, 200
Biloxi, Miss., 114
Black, Cathleen, 45
Blair, Jayson, 82
Boca Raton News, 116
Bogart, Leo: advice to editors, 137; evaluating editors, 77–78; and Newspaper Readership Project, 205; and read yesterday measure, 120–24
Borders, 62
Boulder, Colo., 114
Boulder Daily Camera: and “general consensus,” 147; spelling errors in, 141
Bower, Joseph L., 203
Boyle, David, 5
Broward County (Fla.), 71
Business model and revenue categories, 41
Business Office Must (BOM), 208
Business Week, 209
Capacity measures, 99
Cappo, Joe, 60
Carpentier, Francesca, 22
Carter, Hodding, 228
Catalog function, 62
Center for Public Integrity, 209
Certification: defined, 220; and mid-career training, 220; and needed programs, 219
Challenger, 52
Chapman, Alvah: admiration for Neuharth, 172; and command-and-control structure, 167; history, 164–66; on profit and quality, 173; walking around with his clipboard, 193
Charlotte Observer, 140, 147; accuracy studies, 84–85; and editorial vigor, 132; high on civic journalism, 73
Charnley, Mitchell, 84
Chiquita Banana Company, 228
Chi-Town Daily News, 134
Christensen, Clayton, 202, 203, 212
Christian Science Monitor, 187
Circulation robustness. See Penetration robustness
Civic journalism: defined, 73; early sources, 75; effects, 74. See also Public journalism
Clark, Ruth, 123
Classified advertising on the Internet, 62
Clay Center Dispatch, 79
Clay County Community High School, 106
Cleveland Plain Dealer, 132
Columbia Journalism Review, 64, 157
Columbus Dispatch, 132
Columbus Ledger, 131
Common Cause, 72
Community affiliation, 67–68, 70
Community dictionary (DICTION), 76
Community Media Workshop, 219
Competitive Advantage (Porter), 212
Confidence in the press, 18
Congressional Quarterly, 72
Consumer Price Index, 172
Copy editors: and quality control, 138; and respect, 149
Cost per thousand (CPM), 51, 58–59
Costs, fixed versus variable, 63–64, 193
Couch, Arthur, 219
Cowles family, 15
Credibility: and advertising rates, 52– 56; causes of, 33–34; components of, 71; counties ranked by, 31; Gaziano-McGrath scale, 67; like blood pressure, 71; as lovability, 70; measurement of, 72; stability of, 70–72, 206
Cronbach's Alpha, 68n4, 86n9, 149n17
Crossword puzzles, 211
C-Span, 223
Curtis, Richard, 217
Data-Text, 219
DataTimes, 139
Detroit Free Press: 1967 Detroit riot, 207; excluded from ad study, 53; high staff-written story rate, 128; home delivery curtailed, 187; paired for credibility study, 92
Detroit News, 92, 140, 168, 187, 225
Detroit newspaper strike, 96
Detroit Times, 168
Detroit Urban League, 207
DICTION, 75
Dirks, Lee, 47
Disruptive technology, 6, 10, 11
Dole, Sen. Bob, 225
Dougherty, Geoff, 134
Douglass, Frederick, 224
Durham Herald, 140
Editing, importance of, 216
Edmonds, Rick: best-staffed newspaper, 188; on Knight Ridder staff cuts, 179– 80; and measuring capacity, 124, 152; and NPR donor policy, 208; on staff size and quality, 157–59; on vegetables in media stew, 207
Edwards, Charles, 16
El Nuevo Herald, 30
Error types: as predictors of robustness, 97; classified, 86; relative importance of, 97
Errors: causes of, 98; frequency of, 86– 87; newspaper rankings, 88–90
Faulkner, William, 110
Fico, Frederic, 124–28, 135–36
Fielder, Virginia Dodge, 57n12
Fighting Sioux, 71
Fine, Lauren Rich, 182–84, 195, 197
Firestone 500, 69
Flesch, Rudolf, 107
Flesch-Kincaid test, 110
Flesch reading ease formula, 107
Florida Health Insurance Study, 98
Florida Today, 168
Food production versus processing, 216
Ford Foundation, 209
Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 158
FORTRAN, 219
Frederick-Collins, Jana, 59
Friedman, Milton, 14
Fuller, Jack, 35
Gallup Organization, 25
Gannett Company, 1, 15; and Real Life, Real News, 205; and Chiquita Banana case, 228; earnings management, 41; going public, 168–70
Gans, Herbert, 46
Gardner, John, 72
Gary Post-Tribune, 53
Gaziano, Cecilie, 58, 79, 80, 90
Golden Age (for newspapers), 24
Goodstein, Jerry, 180
Graham, Katharine (Kay), 171, 190, 191
Grammatical accuracy, 146
Grand Forks County (N.D.), 71
Grand Forks Herald, 71, 113, 115, 119
Grand Rapids Press, 73
Greensboro News & Record, 108
Gross, Daniel, 196
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) Deflator, 172
Gunning, Robert, 109
Gutenberg, Johannes, 211
Guttman Scale, 160n12
Hampton University, 228
Harvard Business Review, 10
Harvard Data-Text, 123
Harvard University, 212
Harvesting strategy, 13–14, 37, 44, 46, 195
Hawkins, Frank, 11
Hearst, William Randolph, 137
Heinlein, Robert A., 151
Henry, Patrick, 110
Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, 207
Hess, David, 69
Hills, Lee: “There is no excuse for a newspaper to be dull,” 215; farewell address, 184–85
Household penetration, 9
Houston Chronicle, 113
Hunter-gatherer model, 213
Hussman, Walter, 188
Hutchins commission, 127
Industrial revolution, 211
Influence model: applies to niches, 231; as cycle, 26, 27; inevitability of, 49; introduced, 2, 11–12, 17; testing of, 25, 27; and Web contribution, 204
Information age, 213
Information economy, 13
Internet: accelerating specialization, 231; and direct marketing, 62; fixed cost of, 194; and market hopping, 63; and specialized information, 6
Interpublic Group of Companies, 60
Investigative Reporters and Editors (IRE), 220
Investigative Reporting Workshop, 209
IRE Award, 209
Jacobs, Mike, 71
Jinks, Larry, 198
Jobs, Steve, 3
John S. and James L. Knight Foundation. See Knight Foundation
Johnson, Timothy, 228
Journalism education, 221, 217
Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, 203
Kennedy, John F., 110
Khurana, Rakesh, 17
Kids, newspaper content for, 68–69
Kincaid, Peter, 109
King, Martin Luther, 207
Kish, Leslie, 147
Knight, James L. (Jim): and cost analysis, 191–92; at Miami Herald, 166
Knight, John S. (Jack): on appearance of Miami Herald, 196; “Get the truth and print it,” 215; death of, 185; as editor emeritus, 190, 191; opposition to Inquirer acquisition, 169; speech to analysts, 164; and spelling accuracy, 140
Knight Foundation: community program, 27; community survey, 92; history of, 52n6; training for journalists, 206 Knight Newspapers, going public, 164–
Knight Ridder, 1, 11, 111, 196; and breakup value, 46; centralized management of, 178; and electronic delivery, 44; forced breakup of, 46; and growth under Chapman, 173; and Meyer's MBO, 200; price/credibility effect, absence of, 58; readership studies, 121; stock options, 201; Viewtron trial, 203
Kohut, Andrew, 25
Lacy, Stephen, 124–28, 135, 136, 197– 98
Lawrence, David, 25
Lazarsfeld, Paul, 94, 96, 137, 213
Lee Enterprises, 1
Levine, Robert A., 208
Levitt, Theodore, 10
Lewis, Charles, 209
Licensing: defined, 220
Lipset, Seymour Martin, 71
Little Rock Democrat-Gazette, 188–89
Localism, 130
London Observer, 161
Long Beach Press-Telegram, 53, 116
Louisville Courier Journal, 161
Lowenstein, Ralph, 10
Lownes, Tom, 143
Luntz, Frank, 226
Macon Telegraph, 128
Madison, James, 10
Management by Objective (MBO), 200
Manhattan Mercury-Chronicle, 192
Mass audience, 214
McCarthy, Sen. Joseph, 98
McClatchy, C. K., 167; on Thomson newspapers, 197; and two classes of stock, 170; wide-open mind, 167
McClatchy Newspapers, 1; centralized management of, 178; going public, 169; Knight Ridder purchase, 47; relative concern for community, 76
McCorkindale, Douglas H., 177, 180
McGrath, Kristin, 25, 80; credibility scale, 90; and measurement, 58, 79
Media Management Center (Northwestern), 81
Meow Mix, 61
Merrill, John, 10
Merritt, W. Davis (Buzz): on Batten, 175; and centralized decision making, 178; on nonconsequentialism, 221; and profit in Wichita, 16
Mesa Verde, 120
Meyer, Jacob, 196
Miami Herald, 1; bayfront land for sale, 182; as big stick in community, 66; and Business Monday, 214; classified ad records, 166; excluded from ad study, 53; federal grant to, 208; inconsistent editing, 147; Meyer's first day, 215; Meyer's work with, 165; Neuharth's arrival, 168; paired for credibility study, 92; weekly news summary, 160
Micro Power & Light, 108
Microsoft Word, 108
Minnesota, University of, 84
Minnesota Daily, 84
Minnesota News Council, 225, 228
MinnPost.com, 219
Minorities, 23
Missouri, University of, 217
Mitchell, Lawrence E., 200
MORI Research, 25
Morton, Charles, 9
Morton, John: on earnings smoothing, 171; and good will, 47; on incentives for analysts, 176–77
Morton Thiokol, 52
Moyers, Bill, 228
Multimedia, 181
Multiple regression, 55
Nabisco Fruit Newtons, 61
National Association of Computer-Assisted Journalists, 220
National Inquirer, 50
National Institute for Computer-Assisted Reporting, 206
National Public Radio, 208, 209
National Right to Life Committee, 226
National Science Foundation, 61
National Weather Association, 229
Neuharth, Al: and bad spelling, 143; and earnings management, 41–42, 171; educating Wall Street, 170; founding Florida Today, 48; and Little Rock Gazette, 188; at Miami Herald, 191– 92; move to Detroit, 168; recognizing profit potential, 15; and risk taking, 184
Neuharth, Dan, 164
New England Journal of Medicine, 110
New York Times: and Howell Raines departure, 64; and Jayson Blair, 82; and ombudsman, 162; relative concern for community, 76; and Rupert Murdoch, 197
News credibility, 25
Newspaper Advertising Bureau, 120
Newspaper Association of America, 61
Newspaper Next, 202
Newspaper Survival Book (Meyer), 124
Newspapers: and content for kids, 68– 69; influence of, 63; as manufacturing enterprises, 63; portability of, 63; readability rankings, 115; reading ease rankings, 112–13; Web sites, 62
Nieman Foundation, 9, 203, 207
North Carolina State University, 217
Nowak, Glen J., 59n17
O'Donnell, Patrick, 39, 48–49, 49n9
Office of Economic Opportunity, 208
Omnicon Group, 60
Operationalization, 151
Opinion Research Corporation, 226
Oregon Survey Research Laboratory, 85
Organization of Newspaper Ombudsmen (ONO), 161
Overholser, Geneva, 228
Packard, Reynolds, 106n1
Paddock, Polly, 147
Palm Beach Post, 29
Paynter, Marion, 140
Pearson, Karl, 233
Penetration robustness: and accuracy studies, 95; defined, 27–28
Pérez Peña, Richard, 209
Perkins, Blanche, 106
Pew Center for Civic Journalism, 76
Pew Charitable Trusts, 207
Philadelphia County (Pa.), 71
Philadelphia Daily News, 53, 91, 92
Philadelphia Inquirer: 9/11 coverage, 159; and editorial vigor, 131–32; excluded from ad study, 53; paired for credibility study, 92
Picard, Robert, 41, 42, 200, 212
Planned Parenthood of Minnesota, 226
Porter, Michael E., 14, 36, 43, 44, 198, 212, 225
Potter, Deborah, 72
Potts, Erwin: and Charlotte Observer, 166; and community-profit score, 167; and financial community, 174; and happy work place, 175; at Miami Herald, 166; to McClatchy, 167, 173, 193
Powell's, 62
Poynter Institute for Media Studies: 1996 election study, 72; and computer-assisted reporting, 220; as training provider, 206; and Web site, 64
PoynterOnline, 64
Precision journalism, 160
Preserving the Press (Bogart), 122
Press and Public (Bogart), 124
Press Gallery, U.S. House and Senate, 224
Printing technology, 171
Pritchard, Stephen, 161
Profit: and effect of inflation, 40; and market share, 40; margin defined, 39; in monopoly market, 39; and product turnover, 39; and return on investment, 39; and vanity circulation, 40
Profit dictionary (DICTION), 75–76
ProPublica, 209
Pruitt, Gary: avoiding layoffs, 174, 181– 82; criticism of analysts, 177; publisher in Fresno, 178
Public journalism, 46. See also Civic journalism
Public Opinion Quarterly, 208
Publicis Groupe, 60
Pulitzer Prize, 11
Putnam, Robert, 111
Raines, Howell, 64 Raleigh News & Observer, 46
Readability: and advertising rates, 117– 18; and calculations, 108; and editing capacity, 117; and robustness, 118; and stretch, 114–15
Reader Behavior Score (RBS), 79
Readership: decline in, 20, 42, 122; and generational replacement, 20; independent of content, 122; by minorities, 23; weekly measure, 21; read-yesterday measure, 2
Readership Institute, 81
Residuals (regression), 235
Return on investment (ROI), 43
Reuters, 225
Revenue, 40
Ridder, P. Anthony (Tony): biggest problem, 176; criticism of analysts, 177; and electronic classifieds, 175; and outside investors, 165; sale to McClatchy, 47; and staff cuts, 179
Roberts, Gene, 228
Robinson, Michael, 25
Robustness, circulation, defined, 78. See also Penetration robustness
Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, 168
Rochester Times-Union, 168
Rocky Mountain News, 30
Romenesko, Jim, 64
Rossi, Steve, 57
Sacramento Bee, 174
Saguaro Seminar, 111
St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 1, 196
St. Paul Pioneer Press, 56
St. Petersburg Times, 64, 72, 192
San Diego Union-Tribune, 209
San Jose Mercury, 24
San Jose Mercury News: 9/11 coverage, 159; in ad study, 53; as corporate headquarters, 147; and Jay Harris resignation, 179; spelling errors in, 142, 144
Sandler, Herbert, 209
Sandler, Marion, 209
Schaffer, Jan, 76
Schneider, William, 71
Scholastic Inc., 69
Schuster, Gary F., 225
Schwilling, Lyle, 83
Seattle Post-Intelligencer, 187
Seattle Times, 187
Sedgwick County (Kan.), 71
Simmons Market Research Bureau, 121
Simon, Herbert A., 12
Smith, Ken, 59
Social responsibility function, 65
Society of Professional Journalists, 83, 219, 227
SoDak Sports, 168
Soloski, John, 200
Source credibility, 92
South Florida Sun-Sentinel: dominant in Broward County, 29; highest advertising rate, 54, 56; as outlier, 57; paired for credibility study, 92
Spelling errors, table of rates, 141
SPSS, 123
Staff per 1,000 circulation, 153, 154–56
Stamm, Keith, 32
Standard Advertising Unit (SAU), 54
Standard Rate and Data Service, 54, 55
Standardized scores, 76n13
Standing Committee of Correspondents, 223
Star, Steve, 188
Star-Tribune, 182
Steiger, Paul, 209
Style book, 139
Sulzberger, Arthur O. Sr., 76
Surge capacity, 159
Sweet spot, 35
Thrift, Ralph Jr., 130
Times Mirror newspaper, 25
Times v. Sullivan, 223
Toffler, Alvin, 106
Tolley, B. Stuart, 61
Toronto Globe and Mail, 197
Traxler, Rep. Bob, 225
Trumbull, Steve, 143
Trust, economic value of, 213
Tukey, John, 155
Turner, Wes, 158
United Press International, 37, 106, 123
U.S. Census, 79
University of Florida, 98
University of North Dakota, 71
Upstream strategy, 45
Urban, Christine: credibility study, 83–84; sources of trust, 25, 138; vindicated, 95
Urban & Associates, 70 USA TODAY, 1, 13, 51; as investment, 172; as editor-driven paper, 217; and Jayson Blair case, 82; and ProPublica, 209; and struggle for national advertisers, 59–60
Viewtron, 203
VU/TEXT, 139
Wall Street Journal, 51, 200; effect on readership studies, 121; misspelling Meyer's name, 83; Murdoch purchase of, 197
Wallace, Mike, 228
Walters, Basil (Stuffy), 169
Wearden, Stanley, 16
Weaver, David, 57
Welles, Orson, 137
West, Mark, 67n3
Whited, Charles, 169
Wooley, D. E., 110
WPP Group, 60