List of Figures

0.1 Intergenerational Mobility in the 1958 Birth Cohort


0.2 Intergenerational Mobility in the 1970 Birth Cohort


0.3 90–10 Wage Differentials, 1980 to 2017


1.1 International Differences in Intergenerational Elasticity


1.2 Probability of Moving from Bottom to Top Quintile


1.3 The Great Gatsby Curve


1.4 Percentage of Owner-Occupiers at Age 42 in Two Generations


2.1 Real Wages in the 1980s


2.2 Real Wages in the 1990s and 2000s


2.3UK Productivity, 1980–2017


2.4 Real Wage Changes, 2008–2017


3.1 The Geography of Upward Mobility in America


3.2Social Mobility in England by Local Authority


3.3 Leave Voters in the EU Referendum in England


3.4 Brexit and Social Mobility in England’s 320 Local Authorities


4.1 Private Tutoring of Secondary School Children, 2005–2016


4.2 Cognitive Development of Young Children and Their Parents’ Socio-Economic Status


4.3 Highest Educational Qualification: Percentage of 26–30-year-olds


4.4 Educational Inequality, 1981 to 2013


4.5 Wage Differentials by Highest Education Qualification, 26–30-year-olds


5.1 Sample Question in OECD Basic Numeracy Test, 2012


5.2 Numeracy Levels by Age: England


5.3 Numeracy Levels, 16–29-year-olds, by Country


5.4 Numeracy Level 1 or Lower in England, by Age and Parental Education


6.1 Percentage in Selected Professions Who Were Privately Educated (2012)


6.2 Private/State School Wage Differentials for 33–34-year-olds


7.1 Percentage of Dual-University-Graduate Families by Region


7.2 Average Family Income by Region