The following abbreviations have been used:
AC |
– |
Alpine Club |
AJ |
– |
Alpine Journal |
BL |
– |
British Library |
IC |
– |
Imperial College, London |
MC |
– |
Magdalen College, Oxford |
RI |
– |
Royal Institution of Great Britain |
SPRI |
– |
Scott Polar Research Institute |
1 Coolidge, W. – Josias Simler et les Origines de l’Alpinisme. Imprimerie Allier Freres, Grenoble, 1904. p. iii.
2 Bernard, P. – Rush to the Alps. East European Quarterly, Columbia Press, New York, 1978. p. 2.
3 Lunn, A. – The Alps. Williams & Norgate, London, 1914. p. 22–23.
4 Coolidge, W. – Swiss Travel and Swiss Guide Books. Longman, Green & Co., London, 1899. p. 9.
5 Gribble, F. – The Early Mountaineers. Fisher Unwin, London, 1899. p. 24.
6 Coolidge – Josias Simler… op cit. p. iii-iv.
7 Gesner, C. (trans. Dock, W.) – On the Admiration of Mountains. The Grabhorn Press, San Francisco, 1937. p. 31.
8 De Beer, G. – Early Travellers in the Alps. Sidgwick & Jackson, London, 1930. p. 83.
11 Mathews, C. – The Annals of Mont Blanc. Fisher Unwin, London, 1898. p. 6.
13 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
19 Ibid.
20 Engel, C. A History of Mountaineering in the Alps. Allen and Unwin, London, 1950. p. 39.
21 Stephen, L. – Playground of Europe. Longmans, London, 1871. p. 2.
1 Freshfield, D. – The Life of Horace Benedict De Saussure. Edward Arnold, London, 1920.
2 Saussure, H. – Voyages Dans Les Alpes. Barde, Manget, Geneva, 1786. Vol I, p. x.
3 Ibid.
5 Saussure, op cit. p. 429.
6 Ibid.
9 Engel, C. – A History of Mountaineering in the Alps. Allen and Unwin, London, 1950. p. 34.
10 Bourrit, M. (trans. Davy C. & F.) – A Relation of a Journey to the Glaciers in the Dutchy of Savoy. Richard Beatniffe, Norwich, 1776. Editor’s Preface.
12 Freshfield, op cit. p. 185.
15 Freshfield, op cit. p. 182.
17 De Beer – Travellers in Switzerland. Oxford University Press, London, 1949. p. 79.
18 Freshfield, op cit. p. 178.
20 Gribble, F. – The Early Mountaineers. Fisher Unwin, London, 1899. p. 130.
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
6 Bourrit, M. – Description des Cols ou Passages des Alpes. Manget, Geneva, 1803. Vol I, p. 266.
7 Saussure, H. – Voyages … op cit. Vol IV, p. 219.
8 Saussure, op cit. Vol II, p. 554.
9 Bourrit M. (trans. Davy C. & F.) – A Relation of a Journey to the Glaciers in the Dutchy of Savoy. Richard Beatniffe, Norwich, 1776. p. 64.
12 Freshfield, op cit. p. 182.
14 Mathews, C. – The Annals of Mont Blanc. Fisher Unwin, London, 1898. p. 35.
15 AC – Paccard’s Journal.
16 Ibid.
17 Bourrit, M. – Nouvelle Description des Glacieres et Glaciers de Savoy. Paul Barde, Geneva, 1785. p. 305.
18 AC – Paccard’s Journal.
19 Ibid.
20 Engel, C.-A History of Mountaineering in the Alps. Allen and Unwin, London, 1950. p. 49.
21 Saussure, op cit. Vol. II, p. 554.
22 Ibid. p. 562.
23 Freshfield, op cit. p. 206.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 AC – Paccard’s Journal.
29 Freshfield, op cit. p. 208.
1 AC – Paccard’s Journal.
2 Mathews, C. – The Annals of Mont Blanc. Fisher Unwin, London, 1898. This quote and the following can be found between pages 54 and 71.
6 Ibid.
7 Engel, C. – A History of Mountaineering in the Alps. Allen and Unwin, London, 1950. p. 53.
9 Payot, P. – Au Royaume du Mont Blanc. La Fontaine de Siloé, Montmélian, 1996. p. 228.
3 Ibid.
4 Saussure, H. – Voyages … Vol. IV, p. 144.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
14 Freshfield, op cit. p. 231.
16 Ibid.
18 Freshfield, op cit. p. 231.
20 Ibid.
22 Freshfield, op cit. p. 233.
23 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
30 Bourrit, M. – Description des Cols ou Passages des Alpes. Manget Geneva, 1803. Vol.1, p. 101.
4 Engel C. – A History … op cit. p. 62.
7 Saussure, H. – Voyages … op cit. Vol IV, p. 224.
8 Freshfield, op cit. p. 257–8.
12 Freshfield, op cit. p. 257.
16 Freshfield, op cit. p. 254.
17 Bourrit, M. – Nouvelle Description des Alpes. Paul Barde, Geneva, 1783. Vol II, p. 263.
18 Freshfield, op cit. p. 371.
1 De Beer, G. – Travellers in Switzerland. Oxford University Press, London, 1949. p. 94.
4 Saussure, H. – Voyages … op cit. Vol IV, p. 154.
6 Engel, C. – Mont Blanc. Allen and Unwin, London, 1965. p. 55.
7 Bourrit, M. – Description des Cols ou Passages des Alpes. Manget, eva, 1803. Vol I, p. 105.
12 Mathews, C. – The Annals of Mont Blanc, op cit. p. 118.
13 Ibid.
14 Payot, P. – Au Royaume du Mont-Blanc. La Fontaine de Siloé, Montmélian, 1996. p. 241.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 De Beer, G. – Alps and Men. Edward Arnold, London, 1932. p. 28.
20 Ibid.
21 Clark, R. – The Early Alpine Guides. Phoenix House, London, 1949. p. 25.
1 Bourrit, M. – Description des Cols ou Passages des Alpes. Manget, Geneva, 1803. Vol I, p. 43.
3 Coolidge, W. – Swiss Travel and Swiss Guide Books. Longman, Green & Co., London, 1889. p. 60.
5 De Beer, G. – Travellers in Switzerland. Oxford University Press, London, 1949. p. 139.
6 Lutvens M. (ed.) – Effie in Venice. Murray, London, 1965. p. 47.
13 Blackwood’s Magazine, Nov. 1818, No. XX.
14 Ibid.
15 Mathews, C. – The Annals of Mont Blanc. Fisher Unwin, London, 1898. p. 123.
16 Ibid.
17 Bourrit, op cit. Vol I, p. 112.
18 Brockedon, W. – Journals of Excursions in the Alps. James Duncan, London, 1833. p. 153.
20 Stephen, L. – Playground of Europe. Longmans, London, 1871. p. 85.
23 Auldjo, J. – Narrative of an ascent to the Summit of Mont Blanc. Longman, London, 1828. pp. 63–4.
24 D’Arve, S. – Histoire du Mont Blanc. La Fontaine de Siloé, Montmélian, 1993. p. 69.
30 Payot, P. – Au Royaume du Mont-Blanc. La Fontaine de Siloé, Montmélian, 1996. p. 270.
37 De Beer, G. – Alps and Men. Edward Arnold, London, 1932. p. 192.
39 Fellows, C. – Narrative of the Ascent to the Summit of Mont Blanc of the 25 July 1827. Privately printed, London, 1827. p. 4.
40 Ibid.
47 Hawes, W. – A Narrative of an ascent to the summit of Mont Blanc. Privately printed, 1828. p. 21.
54 Ibid.
1 Auldjo, J. – Narrative of an ascent to the Summit of Mont Blanc. Longman, London, 1828. p. 25.
2 Auldjo, J. – Narrative… (2nd edition, 1856) p. vii.
3 AC – Paccard’s Journal.
5 Coolidge, W. – Swiss Travel and Swiss Guide Books. Lonqman, Green & Co., London, 1889. p. 76.
6 Forbes, John – A Physician’s Holiday. Murray, London, 1850. p. 2.
8 Ibid.
10 De Beer, G. – Alps and Men. Edward Arnold, London, 1932. p. 109.
11 Ibid.
12 Topffer, R. – Nouveaux Voyages en Zigzag. Victor Lecon, Paris, 1854. p. 139.
13 Agassiz, E. (ed.) – Louis Agassiz; his Life and Correspondence. Macmillan, London, 1885. Vol. I, p. 380.
14 Clark, J. and Hughes, T. (eds) – The Life and Letters of Adam Sedgwick. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1890. Vol. I, p. 432.
17 Clark and Hughes, op cit. Vol. I, p. 447.
18 Agassiz, op cit. Vol. I, p. 340.
21 Forbes, James – Norway and its Glaciers. Black, Edinburgh, 1853. p. 297.
22 Ibid.
23 Shairp, J., Tait, P. and Adams-Reilly, A. – The Life and Letters of James David Forbes. Macmillan, London, 1873. p. 266.
24 Ibid.
25 Forbes, James op cit. p. 304.
26 Ibid, p 307.
28 Ibid.
30 Engel, C.-A History of Mountaineering in the Alps. Allen and Unwin, London, 1950. p. 94.
31 Forbes, James op cit. p. 324.
32 Ibid.
34 Agassiz, op cit. Vol I, p. 338.
1 Shairp, J., Tait, P. and Adams-Reilly, A. – The Life and Letters of James David Forbes. Macmillan, London, 1873. p. 147.
2 Ibid. p. 453.
3 Forbes, James – Travels through the Alps of Savoy. Black, Edinburgh, 1843. p. 16.
4 Forbes, James – Norway and its Glaciers. Black, E£dinburgh, 1853. p. 256.
5 Forbes – Travels … op cit. p. 5.
10 Shairp etc. op cit. p. 557.
11 Forbes – Travels … op cit. p. 103.
13 Ibid.
15 Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. Vol 14. Murray, London, 1844. p. 322.
16 Shairp etc. op cit. p. 533.
17 Bailey, R. (ed.) – Glacier. Time-Life Books, Alexandria, Virginia, 1982. p. 24.
18 Forbes – Travels … op cit. p. 265.
25 Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. Vol. 14. Murray, London, 1844. p. 322.
26 Journal of the Royal Geographical Society. Vol. 13. Murray, London, 1843. p. 134.
1 Kemp, W. (trans. Van Heurk, J.) – The Desire of my Eyes. HarperCollins, London. 1991. p. 231.
2 Clark, R. – Victorian Mountaineers. Batsford, London, 1953. p. 35.
3 Engel, C.-A History of Mountaineering in the Alps. Allen and Unwin, London, 1950. p. 111.
4 Ruskin, J. – Deucalion and other studies in Rocks and Snow. (Library Edition Vol. XXVI). George Allen, London, 1909. p. 220.
6 Ibid.
10 Hayman, J. (ed.) – John Ruskin: Letters from the Continent. University of Toronto Press. Toronto, 1982. p. 192.
12 Ruskin, J. – Letters 1870-1889. (Library Edition Vol. XXXVII). George Allen, London, 1909. p. 142.
15 Quarterly Review CXCVI, Art. IV.
16 De Beer, G. – Alps and Men. Edward Arnold, London, 1932. p. 233.
18 Forbes, John – A Physician’s Holiday. Murray, London, 1850. p. 158.
1 Smith, A. – Mont Blanc. Ward and Lock, London, 1862. p. 2.
7 Fitzsimons, R. – The Baron of Piccadilly: the travels and entertainments of Albert Smith 1816-1860. Geoffrey Bles, London, 1967. p. 31.
8 Thorington, J. – Mont Blanc Sideshow. The Life and Times of Albert Smith. The John C. Winston Company, Philadelphia, 1934. p. 30.
11 Smith, A. – A Month at Constantinople. David Bogue, London, 1850. p. 80.
13 Fitzsimons, op cit. p. 152.
14 Smith – Mont Blanc. op cit. p. xxiv.
15 Mathews, C. – The Annals of Mont Blanc. Fisher Unwin, London, 1898. p. 181.
19 Ibid.
21 Smith – Mont Blanc. op cit. p. 202.
23 Fitzsimons, op cit. p. 117.
25 Smith – Mont Blanc. op cit. p. 240.
27 Fraser’s Magazine. Vol. LII. John Parker, London, 1855. p. 10.
28 Smith – Mont Blanc. op cit. p. 252.
30 Fraser’s Magazine. op cit. p. 13.
31 Smith – Mont Blanc. op cit. p. 262.
33 Daily News, 21 Aug. 1851.
34 Smith – Mont Blanc. op cit. p. 47.
35 Daily News, 21 Aug. 1851.
36 Daily News, 30 Aug. 1851.
37 Smith – Mont Blanc. op cit. p. 47.
38 Fitzsimons, op cit. p. 141.
40 Fitzsimons, op cit. p. 140.
41 Clark, R. – Victorian Mountaineers. Batsford, London, 1953. p. 54.
42 Thorington, op cit. p. 153.
43 MacGregor, J. and Baxter, G. – The Ascent of Mont Blanc. Privately printed. 1855. p. 2.
44 Smith – Mont Blanc. op cit. p. xvii.
1 Fleming, F. (ed.) – The Pulse of Enterprise. Time-Life Books, Amsterdam, 1990. p. 73.
2 Kennedy, E. (ed.) – Peaks, Passes and Glaciers. (Second Series.) Longman, London, 1862. Vol. II, p. 58.
3 Ibid.
4 Wills, A. – Wanderings Among The High Alps. Richard Bentley, London, 1858. p. 262.
9 Ibid.
13 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
24 Hort, A. – Life and Letters of Fenton John Anthony Hort. Macmillan, London, 1896. Vol I, p. 391.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Clark, R. – Victorian Mountaineers. Batsford, London, 1953. p. 81.
29 Mumm, A. – The Alpine Club Register. 1857-1863. Edward Arnold, London, 1923. p. 5.
30 Blackwood’s Magazine. Vol. LXXXVI, July-December 1859. Blackwood, Edinburgh, 1859. p. 456.
31 Peaks, Passes, and Glaciers. Vol. I. p. 366.
33 Blackwood’s Magazine. op cit. p. 456.
34 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Ibid. p. 457.
37 Ibid. p. 470.
38 Ibid. p. 469.
1 Eve, A. and Creasey, C. – Life and Work of John Tyndall. Macmillan, London, 1945. p. 53.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 RI – Tyndall’s Journal. p. 1161.
6 RI – W. Hopkins to J. Tyndall, 3 Nov. 1860.
7 RI-Ibid.
8 Eve & Creasey, op cit. p. 71.
11 Tyndall, J. – Glaciers of the Alps. Murray, London, 1860. p. 86.
12 RI – J. Tyndall to M. Faraday, 27 Aug. 1856.
13 RI – Tyndall’s Journal. p. 1197.
14 RI-Ibid. p. 1222.
15 RI-Ibid.
17 Tyndall, J. – Hours of Exercise in the Alps. Longman, Green & Co., London, 1871. p. 56.
19 Enqel, C. – They Came To The Hills. Allen & Unwin, London, 1952. p. 54.
21 Tyndall – Hours of Exercise. op cit. p. 20.
23 Ibid
24 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 The Times. 8 Sept. 1860.
29 The Times. 12 Sept. 1860
30 Tyndall – Hours of Exercise. op cit. p. viii.
31 Hinchliff, T. – Summer Months Among the Alps. Longman, London, 1857. p. x.
32 Hudson, C. and Kennedy, E. – Where there’s a Will there’s a Way. Longman, London, 1856. p. xi.
33 Smith, A. – Mont Blanc. Ward and Lock, London, 1862. p. 210.
34 D’Arve, S. – Histoire de Mont-Blanc. Delagrave, Paris, 1878. p. 78.
1 Hudson, C. and Kennedy, E. – Where there’s a Will there’s a Way. Longman, London, 1856. p. xii.
2 Ibid. p. xiii.
3 Tyndall, J. – Glaciers of the Alps. Murray, London, 1860. p. 146.
4 RI – Tyndall’s Journal 11 Aug. 1857.
5 RI – Tyndall’s Journal 12 & 19 Aug. 1857.
6 RI – Tyndall’s Journal 21 Aug. 1857.
7 Rl – Tyndall’s Journal 10 Aug. 1858.
8 RI – Tyndall’s Journal 2 Aug. 1858.
9 Tyndall, J. – Hours of Exercise in the Alps. Longman, Green & Co., London, 1871. pp. 31–33
11 Ibid.
17 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
25 Ibid.
28 Ibid.
30 Ibid. p.134.
31 Ibid.
33 Ibid.
34 Ibid. p.138.
35 RI – J. Tyndall to M. Faraday, 21 Aug. 1861.
42 RI – J. Tyndall to M. Faraday, 21 Aug. 1861.
46 RI-J. Tyndall to M. Faraday, 21 Aug. 1861.
49 Ibid.
6 Engel, C. – They Came to the Hills. Allen and Unwin, London, 1952. p. 65.
7 Ibid.
8 Ibid.
9 Stephen, L. – Some Early Impressions. Hogarth Press, London, 1924. p. 47.
10 Stephen, L. – Playground of Europe. Longman, London, 1871. p. 82.
11 Bicknell, J. (ed.) – Selected Letters of Leslie Stephen. Macmillan, London, 1996. Vol. I, p. 105.
13 Stephen – Playground … op cit. p. 285.
16 Stephen – Some Early Impressions. op cit. p. 189.
17 Ibid.
18 Eve, A. and Creasey, C. – Life and Work of John Tyndall. Macmillan, London, 1945. p. 387.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
21 RI – Tyndall’s Journal 1 Jan. 1861.
22 Eve & Creasey, op cit. pp. 387–8
23 Stephen, L. – Playground of Europe. Longman, London, 1871. pp. 107–8.
24 Eve & Creasey, op cit. p. 389.
25 RI – Tyndall’s Journal 24 Nov. 1859.
26 RI – Tyndall’s Journal 17 Nov. 1860.
27 Smythe, F. – Edward Whymper. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1948.
28 This and above, Ibid. pp. 86–103.
37 Whymper, E. – Scrambles Amongst the Alps. Murray, London, 1871. p. 82.
1 Smythe, F. – Edward Whymper. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1940. p. 114.
2 Ibid.
3 Whymper, E. – Scrambles Amongst the Alps. Murray, London, 1871. p. 103.
4 Ibid.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
13 Ibid. p.121.
15 Ibid. p.121.
16 Ibid.
19 Ibid.vp.125.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid. p.126.
22 Ibid.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
25 IC – J. Tyndall to T. Huxley 29 Aug. 1862.
26 Tyndall, J. – Hours of Exercise in the Alps. Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1871. pp. 166–7.
27 Whymper, op cit. pp. 126–7.
35 IC – J. Tyndall to T. Huxley 29 Aug. 1862.
37 Ibid.
38 Ibid.
41 Ibid.
42 IC – J. Tyndall to T. Huxley 29 Aug. 1862.
43 Tyndall, op cit. pp. 163–4.
46 Ibid.
50 BL Add. MS 63092 – J. Tyndall to Mrs. Pollock 1 Aug. 1862.
56 IC – J. Tyndall to T. Huxley 29 Aug. 1862.
2 Browne, G. – Recollections of a Bishop. Smith Elder, London, 1915. p. 105.
3 Whymper, E. – Scrambles Amongst the Alps. Murray, London, 1871. p. 132.
4 Ibid.
5 SPRI – MS 822/2 Whymper’s Journal 1863-1865.
9 Ibid.
10 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
33 Ibid.
35 Ibid.
36 Moore, A. – The Alps in 1864. David Douglas, Edinburgh, 1902. p. 73.
42 AJ Vol. II, p. 97.
1 Whymper, E. – Scrambles Amongst the Alps. Murray, London, 1871. p. 253.
2 Ibid.
6 Moore, A. – The Alps in 1864. David Douglas, Edinburgh, 1902. p. 29.
10 Whymper, op cit. pp. 261–2.
12 Tyndall, J. – Hours of Exercise in the Alps. Longman, Green & Co., London, 1871. p. 199.
25 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
29 BL Add. MS 63092 – J. Tyndall to Mrs. Pollock 18 Aug. 1864.
30 De Beer, G. – Travellers in Switzerland. Oxford University Press, London, 1949. p. 301.
2 SPRI – MS 822/2 Whymper’s Journal 1863-1865.
3 Whymper, E. – Scrambles Amongst the Alps. Murray, London, 1871. p. 293.
4 Ibid.
5 SPRI – MS 822/2 Whymper’s Journal 1863-1865.
6 Illustrated London News 25 Dec. 1858.
8 SPRI – MS 822/2 Whymper’s Journal 1863-1865.
11 Smythe, F. – Edward Whymper. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1940. p. 170.
13 SPRI – MS 822/2 Whymper’s Journal 1863-1865.
17 Whymper, op cit. (6th ed. 1936) p. 339.
19 Ibid.
20 Whymper, op cit. (6th ed. 1936) p. 340.
22 The Times, 17 Aug. 1861.
29 Ibid.
34 Rébuffat, G. (trans. Brockett, E.) – Men and the Matterhorn. Nicholas Vane, London, 1967. p. 136.
37 Ibid.
38 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
1 Whymper, E. – Scrambles Amongst the Alps. Murray, London, 1871. pp. 397–8.
3 Ibid. p. 399.
4 Ibid. p. 400.
5 Ibid. p. 399.
6 BL – Add. MS 63112 E. Whymper to Mr. Brock 5 Aug. 1865.
7 Whymper, op cit. p. 401.
8 Ibid.
9 Smythe, F. – Edward Whymper. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1940. p. 195.
10 Whymper, op cit. p. 401.
12 Whymper, op cit. p. 402.
15 AJ Vol. LXI, p. 498.
18 Eve, A. and Creasey, C. – Life and Work of John Tyndall. Macmillan, London, 1945. p. 381.
19 Browne, G. – Recollections of a Bishop. Smith Elder, London, 1915. p. 105.
20 Tyndall, J. – New Fragments. Longman, London, 1892. p. 458.
21 Bennett, G. – Beyond Endurance. Secker & Warburg, London, 1983. p.50.
22 BL – Add. MS 63112 E. Whymper to W. Wigram 9 Aug. 1865.
23 BL-Add. MS 63112 W. Wigram to E. Whymper 10 Aug. 1865
24 Whymper, op cit. pp. 403-4.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid.
28 AJ Vol. LXI, p. 489.
29 Ibid.
30 AJ Vol. LXX(l), p. 22.
33 BL – Add. MS 63162 E. Hudson to J. McCormick Aug. 1865.
34 Rébuffat, G. (trans. Brockett, E.) – Men and the Matterhorn. Nicholas Vane, London, 1967. p. 136.
36 Ibid.
37 Whymper – Scrambles (4th ed.) p. 379.
39 Ibid.
40 BL – Add. MS 63112 J. Davidson to E. Whymper 21 July 1897.
41 BL – Add. MS 63092 J. Tyndall to T. Hirst 1868.
42 IC – J. Tyndall to T. Huxley 29 July 1868.
43 Tyndall, J. – Hours of Exercise in the Alps. Longman, Green & Co., London, 1871. pp. 292–3.
46 BL – Add. MS 63090 E. Whymper to J. McCormick 25 July 1865.
47 Whymper, op cit. (6th ed. 1936) p. 381.
48 Hort, A. – Life and Letters of Fenton John Hort, Macmillan, London, 1896. Vol. II, p. 39.
49 BL – Add. MS 63112 Memories of Annette Whymper transmitted to F. Smythe.
50 Ibid.
51 Whymper, op cit. (6th ed. 1936) p. 382.
52 Hort, op cit. Vol II, pp. 39–40.
53 Whymper, op cit. p. 406.
54 Ibid. p. 408.
1 The Times 27 July 1865.
2 London Illustrated News July 29, 1865.
3 Engel C.- A History of Mountaineering in the Alps. Allen & Unwin, London; 1950. p. 144.
5 Ruskin, J. – Sesame and Lilies. George Allen, London, 1893. p. 58.
7 Clark, R. – Victorian Mountaineers. Batsford, London, 1953. p. 137.
8 Stephen, L. – Playground of Europe. Longman, London, 1871. p. 272.
10 Bicknell, J. (ed.) – Selected Letters of Leslie Stephen. Macmillan, London, 1996. Vol. I, p. 87.
11 The Times 24 Aug. 1871.
14 Blackwood’s Magazine No. DCLXXII Oct. 1871.
17 Engel, C. – They Came to the Hills. Allen and Unwin, London, 1952. p. 145.
18 Ruskin, J. – Deucalion and other studies in Rocks and Stones. (Library Edition Vol. XXVI). George Allen, London, 1909. pp. 103–4.
19 RI – T. Huxley to J. Tyndall 13 May 1874.
21 Stephen L. – Playground of Europe. Longman, London, 1871. p. 304.
22 Ibid.
25 Stephen, op cit. pp. 150–151.
27 Ibid.
29 Bicknell, op cit. Vol. I, p. 252.
31 AJ Vol. XIII, p. 419.
33 Ibid.
34 Bonney, T. – The High Alps of Dauphiné. Longman, London, 1865. p. xv.
1 Clark, R. – An Eccentric in the Alps. Museum Press, London, 1959. p. 21.
7 Ibid.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid.
18 Ibid.
22 Ibid.
25 Coolidge, W. – A Run Through the Dolomites in 1876. Ben Johnson, York, 1902. p. 3.
2 Engel, C. – They Came to the Hills. Allen & Unwin, London, 1952. p. 182.
7 Ibid.
15 Conway, M. – Episodes In a Varied Life. Country Life, London, 1932. p. 60.
1 Mummery, A. —My Climbs in the Alps and Caucasus. Fisher Unwin, London, 1895. p. 68.
2 Engel, C. – The Came to the Hills. Allen & Unwin, London, 1952. p. 225.
3 Conway, W. – Episodes in a Varied Life. Country Life, London, 1932. p. 34.
4 Conway, W. – The Alps from End to End. Constable, Lkondon, 1895. p. 3.
5 Engel, C. – A History of Mountaineering in the Alps. Allen and Unwin, London, 1950. p. 177.
6 De Beer, G. – Travellers in Switzerland. Oxford University Press, London, 1949. p. 414.
7 Stephen, L. – Playground of Europe. Longman, London, 1871. p. 1.
8 Ibid.
9 Whymper, E. – Scrambles Amongst the Alps. Murray, London, 1871. p. 304.
10 De Beer, G. – Travellers in Switzerland. Oxford
11 Dormandy, T. – The White Death. Hambledon Press, London, 1999. p. 1.
13 Seth-Smith, M. – The Cresta Run. Foulsham, London, 1976. p. 14.
1 Conway, M. – Episodes in a Varied Life. Country Life, London, 1932.
2 BL – Add. MS 63090 E. Whymper to father 17 March 1894.
4 Clark, R. – An Eccentric in the Alps. Museum Press, London, 1959. p. 135.
8 Ibid.
9 AC – Whymper, E. – ‘A Letter Addressed to the Members of the Alpine Club.’ p. 4.
14 Ibid.
15 Ibid.
16 MC – MS 593 W. Coolidge to Wilson 30 July 1900.
17 Ibid.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid.
21 BL – Add. MS 63112 J. Davidson to E. Whymper 14 May 1900.
25 MC – MS 593 W. Coolidge to Wilson Feb. 11.
26 BL – Add. MS 63112 J. Davidson to E. Whymper 9 Jan. 1905.
27 BL – Add. MS 63112 E. Whymper to J. Davidson 24 Oct. 1905.
28 Ibid.
29 SPRI – MS 822/29 Whymper’s Journal 1905.
30 Smythe, F. – Edward Whymper. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1940. p. 298.
31 BL – Add. MS 63112 Memorandum from Robert Whymper.
32 BL-Add. MS 63112 E. Whymper to H. Montagnier 9 Dec. 1910.
33 BL-Add. MS 63112 E. Whymper to H. Montagnier 16 April 1911.
34 BL – Add. MS 63112 E. Whymper to A. Whymper 28 July 1911.
35 BL – Add. MS 63112 E. Whymper to H Montagnier 22 Nov. 1908.
36 Ibid.
37 BL – Add. MS 63112 E. Whymper to H. Montagnier 16 June 1911.
39 Smythe, F. – Edward Whymper. Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1940. p. 318.
42 MC – MS 593 W. Coolidge to H. Wilson 3 July 1919.
43 MC – MS 593 W. Coolidge to H. Wilson 31 Dec. 1916.
44 MC – MS 593 W. Coolidge to H. Wilson 25 Dec. 1918.
45 MC – MS 593 W. Coolidge to H. Wilson 11 June 1919.
47 Conway, M. – Episodes in a Varied Life. Country Life, London. 1932. p. 28.
49 MC – MS 593 W. Coolidge to H. Wilson 6 Oct. 1918.
1 Engel, C. – A History of Mountaineering in the Alps. Allen and Unwin, London, 1950. p. 212.
3 Stephen, L. – Playground of Europe. Longman, London, 1871. p. 109.
10 Harrer, H. (trans. Merrick, H.) – The White Spider. Flamingo, London, 1995. p. 32.
30 Heckmair, A. (trans. Sutton, G.) – My Life as a Mountaineer. Victor Gollancz, London, 1975.