Index
‘Abb
ā
s I
here
Abbasid Caliphate and Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Aceh
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Islam
here
Ottomans
here
trade
here
,
here
war
here
,
here
Afghanistan
here
,
here
Africa
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Akbar
culture
here
expands Mughal Empire
here
,
here
governance
here
,
here
,
here
lineage
here
religion
here
,
here
,
here
Altan
here
Amu Darya River
here
Amur River
here
,
here
,
here
Anatolia
here
,
here
,
here
Angkor
here
,
here
,
here
decline
here
empire
here
,
here
kingdom
here
,
here
,
here
mandala
here
Annam
here
,
here
Aq Qoyunlu
here
,
here
,
here
Arabia
here
,
here
,
here
Arctic Ocean
here
art
here
Asia
definition
here
,
here
,
here
imperial governance
here
,
here
,
here
Atlantic Ocean
here
Aurangzeb
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Ayudhya
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
B
ā
bur,
Ẓ
ah
ī
r al-D
ī
n Mu
ḥ
ammad
here
,
here
,
here
Baghdad
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Bashkirs
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Bayazid I
here
,
here
Beijing
here
,
here
defences
here
imperial capital
here
,
here
,
here
Bengal
here
,
here
governance
here
,
here
East India Company
here
,
here
Black Sea
here
,
here
,
here
Bukhara
here
,
here
Bolan Pass
here
Borneo
here
Brazil
here
British Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Buddhism
here
Ilkhanids
here
,
here
Ming
here
,
here
Mongols
here
,
here
Mongol debates
here
Qing
here
Russian Empire
here
Southeast Asia
here
,
here
Tibetan
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Burma
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Byzantine Empire
here
,
here
,
here
Ottoman Empire
here
,
here
,
here
Russian Empire
here
Turkmen empires
here
caliphate
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Cambodia (
see
Angkor
)
Carreira da Índia
here
,
here
,
here
Carrera de Filipinas
here
,
here
,
here
Caspian Sea
here
,
here
Castile (
see
Spanish Empire
)
Catherine II
here
,
here
Caucasus
here
,
here
Central Asia
Chinggisids
here
empires
here
Mongols
here
Mughals
here
,
here
Russians
here
nomads
here
Cha‘adai
here
,
here
,
here
Chaghatai Khanate (also
see
T
ī
m
ū
r Lang
)
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Champa
Ming
here
Mongols
here
empire
here
,
here
,
here
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
here
chartered companies
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
agents of empire
here
,
here
Asian networks
here
,
here
dissolution
here
,
here
foundation
here
,
here
,
here
legacies
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
structure
here
,
here
,
here
China
here
All-under-Heaven (
tianxia
)
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
classical knowledge
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
empire in
here
,
here
examination system
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
historiography
here
Mongols
here
,
here
,
here
Chinggis Khan
ascent
here
,
here
,
here
emperor
here
,
here
,
here
governance
here
,
here
,
here
inheritance
here
lineage
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
wars
here
,
here
Chinggisid Era
crucible of empires
here
,
here
,
here
decline
here
,
here
foreign relations
here
legacies
here
,
here
succession politics
here
trade networks
here
Chos
ŏ
n (
see
Korea
)
Christianity
Byzantine Empire
here
,
here
Ilkhanate
here
,
here
Mongols
here
,
here
Ottoman Empire
here
,
here
Portuguese Empire
here
,
here
,
here
Roman Empire
here
Russian Empire
here
,
here
,
here
Spanish Empire
here
,
here
,
here
Confucianism
governance
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
ideology
here
imperial lineage
here
Korea
here
Ming Dynasty
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
religion
here
Vietnam
here
,
here
Yuan Dynasty
here
,
here
Constantinople (
see
Istanbul
)
Cossacks
here
,
here
Crimea
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
da Gama, Vasco
here
,
here
,
here
Đ
ạ
i Vi
ệ
t (
see
Vietnam
)
Daoism
here
,
here
,
here
dawlat/daulat/devlet
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Delhi
here
,
here
,
here
Sultanate
here
,
here
dhammar
ā
ja/dharmar
ā
ja
here
,
here
D
ī
n-i Il
ā
h
ī
(
see also
Akbar
)
here
Dutch East India Company/Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC)
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Asian networks
here
empire
here
,
here
foreign relations
here
,
here
foundation
here
maritime trade
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
structure
here
,
here
,
here
termination
here
Dutch Empire
here
,
here
English East India Company (EIC)
here
,
here
,
here
Asian networks
here
dissolution
here
1857 “Mutiny”
here
empire
here
,
here
foreign relations
here
foundation
here
Mughal Empire
here
,
here
structure
here
,
here
,
here
trade
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Egypt
here
,
here
,
here
enfeoffdom
here
,
here
Esen
here
empire
expansion
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
historiography general
here
,
here
,
here
historiography mainland Southeast Asia
here
historiography Malay world
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
legitimacy
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
lineages
state structures
here
,
here
,
here
states systems
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
theories general
here
,
here
theories Malay world
here
theories maritime
here
theories Sinic
here
theories Southeast Asia
here
emperor, title of (referent non-English terms)
here
,
here
,
here
Aceh
here
Greek
here
Mongols
here
Mughals
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Ottoman
here
,
here
Persian
here
,
here
Portuguese
here
Roman
here
Russian
here
,
here
Safavid
here
Sinic
here
,
here
Estado da Índia
(
see
Portuguese Empire
)
Eurasia
Chinggisids
here
,
here
empire in
here
,
here
,
here
geopolitical concept
here
,
here
Mongols
here
,
here
Russians
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Europe
here
,
here
,
here
empire in
here
,
here
,
here
maritime expansion general
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
maritime expansion Iberian
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Ottoman Empire
here
,
here
political theorists
here
,
here
France
here
,
here
,
here
French Empire
here
,
here
Funan
here
German Empire
here
gaza/gazis
here
,
here
,
here
Gibraltar
here
globalization
here
,
here
,
here
Goa
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Gobi Desert
here
,
here
Golden Horde
foreign relations
here
territory
here
,
here
Russia
here
,
here
,
here
wars
here
,
here
Great Wall
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Greece
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Grotius, Hugo
here
,
here
Gujarat
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Habsburg Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Han Chinese
here
,
here
,
here
Han Dynasty
here
,
here
Herat
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Himalayas
here
,
here
Hinduism
here
,
here
concept of rule
here
,
here
,
here
literature
here
Mughals
here
,
here
states
here
Hindu Kush
here
,
here
Hongwu
civil service
here
establishes Ming Dynasty
here
foreign relations
here
frontiers
here
,
here
,
here
governance
here
,
here
,
here
Hua-Yi discourse
here
legitimacy
here
,
here
,
here
religion
here
tax collection
here
Hormuz
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Hua-Yi discourse
concept
here
,
here
Ming
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Hülegü
here
,
here
governance
here
religion
here
wars
here
,
here
Hum
ā
y
ū
n
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Hungary
here
,
here
Ibn Khald
ū
n
here
Ilkhanate
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
India
here
,
here
,
here
Indian Ocean
here
,
here
European penetration
here
,
here
,
here
Ming voyages
here
,
here
trade
here
,
here
,
here
wars
here
,
here
,
here
indirect rule
here
Indonesia
here
Indus River
here
Inner Asia
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Isfahan
here
Islam
here
caliphate
here
,
here
,
here
empires
here
,
here
,
here
expansion
here
,
here
,
here
law codes
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Malay world
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Mongols
here
Mughal Empire
here
,
here
Ottoman Empire
here
,
here
Safavids
here
ulema/ulama
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
world order
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Ism
ā
’
ī
l I
here
,
here
Istanbul
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Jah
ā
ng
ī
r
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Japan
here
,
here
empire
here
Ming
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Mongols
here
Portuguese
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Spanish
here
,
here
Qing
here
Java
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Jesuits
here
agents of empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Ming court
here
,
here
Mughal court
here
Nerchinsk, Treaty of
here
,
here
Qing court
here
,
here
Jiajing Emperor
here
,
here
,
here
Jin Dynasty
here
,
here
Judaism
here
Jungars/Jungaria
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Jurchens
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Johor
empire
here
foreign relations
here
,
here
orang laut
here
,
here
state
here
,
here
sultanate
here
Kabul
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Kalmyks
here
,
here
Kandahar
here
,
here
Kangxi Emperor
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Kazakhs (Kazakshtan)
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Kazan
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Khiva
here
Khokand
here
Khyber Pass
here
Khwarazmian Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Kiakhta, Treaty of
here
Kipling, Rudyard
here
Korea
here
Ming
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Mongols
here
,
here
Lahore
here
,
here
Legazpi, Miguel López de
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Liaodong
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Macau
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Machiavelli, Niccolo
here
Magellan, Ferdinand
here
Marathas
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Majapahit
here
,
here
,
here
Malay world
empires
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
institutions
here
,
here
Islam
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
polities
here
,
here
trade
here
wars
here
,
here
Maluku
here
,
here
mam
ā
lik/memalik
here
,
here
,
here
Mamluks
here
,
here
,
here
Manchuria
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Manchus (
see
Jurchens
)
Manila
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
maritime trade
Aceh
here
,
here
Eurasia
here
,
here
,
here
global
here
,
here
Melaka
here
Southeast Asia
here
,
here
,
here
Srivijaya
here
Marx, Karl
here
Mecca
here
Mekong River
here
,
here
Mediterranean
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Mehmed II
here
,
here
,
here
Melaka
battles
here
,
here
empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Straits of
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
trade
here
,
here
Mencius
here
,
here
Mesopotamia
here
Mexico
here
Middle East
here
,
here
,
here
migrations
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Ming Dynasty
here
,
here
decline
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
eunuchs
here
,
here
,
here
foreign relations
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
frontier defences, strategy
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
frontier management
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
governance
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Han-centric
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
ideology
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
institutions
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
laws
here
,
here
legitimacy
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
maritime affairs
here
,
here
tax systems
here
,
here
,
here
tributary system
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
worldview
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Möngke
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Mongol Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
breakup
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
concepts
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
conquered peoples
here
,
here
,
here
diversity
here
,
here
expansion
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
formation
here
governance
here
,
here
legacies
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
legal systems
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
legitimacy
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
lineages
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
postal systems
here
,
here
Secret History
here
,
here
vengeance code
here
world order
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Moscow
here
,
here
,
here
Mughal Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
decline
here
,
here
establishment
here
expansion
here
,
here
foreign relations
here
,
here
,
here
governance
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
ideology
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
law codes
here
,
here
legitimacy
here
,
here
lineages
here
,
here
military power
here
,
here
tax systems
here
,
here
Muscovy
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Myanmar (
see
Burma
)
Nanjing
here
,
here
Neo-Confucianism
here
,
here
,
here
Nerchinsk, Treaty of
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Nogays
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
nomads
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
empires
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
military power
here
,
here
,
here
Nurhaci
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Ögödei
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Opium Wars
here
Orhan
here
Orenberg
here
,
here
Osman
here
,
here
,
here
Ottoman Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
establishment
here
expansion
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
frontiers
here
governance
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Indian Ocean wars
here
,
here
law codes
here
,
here
,
here
legitimacy
here
,
here
,
here
rebellions
here
world view
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Pacific Ocean
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Pagan
here
,
here
,
here
Panipat
here
,
here
Persia
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
ancient
here
,
here
,
here
culture
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
governance
here
,
here
language
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Persian Gulf
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Peter the Great
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Philippines
here
,
here
,
here
Spanish Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
trade
here
,
here
,
here
piracy
here
,
here
,
here
Poland
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Pontic Steppe
here
,
here
,
here
Portuguese Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
culture
here
,
here
establishment
here
defence
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
foreign relations
here
,
here
,
here
ideology
here
maritime empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
maritime trade
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
peoples
here
,
here
,
here
religion
here
,
here
,
here
territorial empire
here
trade network
here
,
here
,
here
prebendal grants
iq
ṭ
ā
’
111, 145
j
ā
g
ī
r/mansab
here
,
here
pronoia
here
tımar/tiy
ū
l
here
,
here
,
here
Punjab
here
,
here
Q
ā
j
ā
r Dynasty
here
Qara-Khitai
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Qaraqoram
here
,
here
Qar
ā
Qoyunlu
here
Qianlong Emperor
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Qing Dynasty
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Banner system
here
,
here
decline
here
,
here
establishment
here
,
here
foreign relations
here
,
here
,
here
frontier management
here
governance
here
,
here
,
here
institutions
here
,
here
,
here
legitimacy
here
,
here
,
here
Manchu language, identity
here
Russia
here
territorial expansion
here
,
here
Qubilai Khan
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
quriltai
here
,
here
Ranjit Singh
here
Red Sea
here
,
here
,
here
religion
empire, general
here
,
here
,
here
Eurasia
here
Ming
here
Mongols
here
,
here
,
here
Mughal Empire
here
Ottoman Empire
here
,
here
Russian Empire
here
Safavids
here
wars with Christian states
here
,
here
Roman Empire
here
,
here
Romanov Dynasty
here
,
here
,
here
Rurikid Dynasty
here
,
here
Russia
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Russian Empire
here
,
here
,
here
expansion
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
European influences
here
,
here
,
here
frontiers, defences
here
,
here
,
here
governance
here
historians
here
religion
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
trade
here
Safavid Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
establishment
here
expansion
here
,
here
governance
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
legitimacy
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
rebellions
here
religion
here
St. Petersburg
here
,
here
Samarqand
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Sanskrit
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Sassanid Empire (
see
Persia
)
here
Selim I
here
,
here
,
here
Seljuk Empire
here
,
here
Sh
ā
h Jah
ā
n
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Shaybanids (
see
Uzbeks
)
Siam
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Siberia
Chinggisid
here
Muscovy
here
Russian Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Silk Road
here
silver
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Sinai Desert
here
Sinic World Order
empires
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Eurasia
here
tributary system
here
,
here
,
here
Śivaji Bhonsle
here
,
here
slaves
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Song Dynasty
here
decline
here
,
here
legitimacy
here
,
here
,
here
worldview
here
,
here
,
here
South Asia
here
South China Sea
here
Southeast Asia
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Indic kingdoms
here
states
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Sinic world order
here
,
here
,
here
Southwest Asia
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Spanish Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
defence
here
,
here
establishment
here
,
here
,
here
foreign relations
here
governance
here
ideology
here
,
here
maritime trade
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
religion
here
,
here
,
here
territorial empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
unified monarchy, Portugal
here
,
here
Srivijaya
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
steppe
empires
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
peoples
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Sufis/Sufism
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Süleyman I
here
,
here
,
here
Sumatra
here
Sun Yat-sen
here
Syr Darya River
here
Taiwan
here
,
here
,
here
Tajik
here
,
here
Ṭ
ahm
ā
sp
here
,
here
Tang Dynasty
here
,
here
Tangut Empire (
see also
Western Xia
)
here
,
here
,
here
Tashkent
here
Tatars
here
,
here
tax collection, farming
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Temüjin (
see
Chinggis Khan
)
Thailand (
see
Siam
)
tianxia (
see
China
)
Tibet
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
T
ī
m
ū
r Lang
here
lineage
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
title
here
wars
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Timurid Empire
decline
here
establishment
here
expansion
here
Europeans
here
ideology
here
,
here
,
here
Islam
here
Toungoo (
see
Burma
)
trade
Eurasia
here
,
here
global
here
Malay world
here
Ming
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Mongols
here
,
here
Tordesillas, Treaty of
here
,
here
Tumu Incident
here
,
here
Turco-Persian region
here
,
here
,
here
structures of empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Turkestan
here
Türkmen
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Turkmenistan
here
Urals
here
Uyghur
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Uzbeks
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Uzbekistan
here
,
here
Vietnam
here
China influence
here
Empire
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Ming
here
,
here
Mongols
here
Qing
here
,
here
,
here
Volga River
here
,
here
Wanli Emperor
here
,
here
,
here
Weber, Max
here
Western dominance
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Western Xia (
see also
Tangut Empire
)
here
women
here
,
here
,
here
World history
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Xinjiang
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Xuande Emperor
here
Yingzong Emperor
here
,
here
Yongle Emperor
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Yongzheng Emperor
here
Yuan Dynasty
here
decline
here
,
here
,
here
governance
here
,
here
ideology
here
legacies
here
,
here
Yunnan
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
,
here
Zaragoza, Treaty of
Zhengde Emperor
here
Zheng He, Admiral
here
,
here
Zhu Yuanzhang (
see
Hongwu
)