NOTES
CHAPTER 1
1. Hume, “Eagle Theater,” 169.
2. Erdoes, Saloons, 11.
3. Morse, First History, 31.
4. Erdoes, Saloons, 9.
5. “Swimming Bath,” Daily Democratic State Journal, June 15, 1854.
6. “Public Meeting,” Placer Times, September 22, 1849.
7. Morse, First History, 32.
8. Ibid., 33.
9. Decker, Diaries, 155.
10. Eifler, Gold Rush Capitalists, 159.
11. Erdoes, Saloons, 159.
12. Ibid.
13. Morse, First History, 32.
14. West, “The Saloon,” 14.
15. Ibid, 15.
16. Culver, Sacramento City Directory, 79.
17. “A New Species of Drunkenness,” Sacramento Transcript, December 17, 1850.
18. “Temperance Meeting,” Sacramento Transcript, June 6, 1850.
19. “Temperance Test in California,” Placer Times, March 2, 1850.
20. “Siamese Watermelon,” Daily Democratic State Journal, September 5, 1854.
21. Ibid.
22. “English Ale and Malt Whiskey,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 29, 1858.
23. “Gold! Gold! Gold!” Placer Times, August 11, 1849.
24. Childress, “From Wet to Dry.”
25. Census Office, 7th Census, 1850 (Washington, D.C.: Robert Armstrong, Public Printer, 1853), 968–69, 972.
CHAPTER 2
26. Hume, “Eagle Theater,” 171.
27. Morse, First History, 32.
28. Ibid., 31.
29. Johnston, Experiences, 248.
30. Grimshaw, Grimshaw’s Narrative, 16.
31. Wright, History of Sacramento County, 46.
32. Ibid.
33. Collins, Sutter’s Fort, 36.
34. Lienhard, A Pioneer, 198.
35. Sacramento Probate Court, “Estate of Peter Slater.”
36. de Rutte, Adventures of a Young Swiss, 16.
37. Lienhard, A Pioneer, 75.
38. Olson, Archeological Investigations, 14.
39. Schoonover, Life and Times, 37.
40. “Brewery,” Placer Times, February 16, 1850.
41. It is entirely unclear where the title “Galena” comes from.
42. Sacramento Bee, Sacramento Guide Book, 51.
43. “A Glass of Lager,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 20, 1858.
44. Census Office, 7th Census, 1850, 202–03; Census Office, 8th Census, 1860, 10–13.
45. “Liquid Manufacturers,” Sacramento Daily Union, January 2, 1859.
46. Hayes, Lower American River, 89–90.
47. “The Plague of Locusts at Smith’s Gardens,” Daily Democratic State Journal, August 5, 1855.
48. Census Office, 7th Census, 1850.
49. Culver, Sacramento City Directory, 226.
50. “United States Brewery,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 11, 1851.
51. “Grape Cuttings!! Grape Cuttings!!” Sacramento Daily Union, March 19, 1851.
52. “Grapes,” Sacramento Transcript, October 3, 1851.
53. “Foreign vs. Home Wines,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 16, 1853.
54. Canfield, Diary, 31.
55. Taylor, Eldorado, 205–06.
56. Ibid.
57. Morse, First History, 31.
58. DeArment, Knights, 282.
59. Johnston, Experiences, 250.
60. Morse, First History, 32.
61. Johnston, Experiences, 250.
62. Ibid.
63. Ibid, 251.
64. Holladay, World Rushed In, 321.
65. “Concerts,” Placer Times, October 27, 1849.
66. Ryan, Personal Adventures, 164–65.
67. Kirker, “El Dorado Gothic,” 39.
68. Ibid., 193.
69. Ibid.
70. Hume, “Eagle Theater,” 338.
71. Ibid.
72. “Eagle Theater,” Placer Times, November 7, 1849.
73. Sacramento Court of First Magistrate, Jones, Brown et all v. Z. Hubbard, Brown and Company.
74. Ibid.
75. Ibid., J. Brown v. Hubbard, Brown and Company.
76. Ibid., Jones and Brown v. Z. Hubbard, Brown and Company.
77. “Old Round Tent,” Sacramento Transcript, August 13, 1850.
78. Hume, “Eagle Theater,” 189.
79. Johnston, Experiences, 249.
80. Wells and Peterson, The ’49ers, 152.
81. “The Citizens of Our City,” Sacramento Transcript, February 12, 1851.
82. “Re-Opening of Hubbard’s Exchange,” Sacramento Transcript, July 6, 1850.
83. Wells and Peterson, The ’49ers, 195.
84. Wyman, “Sacramento Booms,” 165.
85. Bancroft, History, 449.
86. Taylor, Eldorado, 167.
87. “Our City,” Placer Times, July 20, 1849.
CHAPTER 3
88. “Early Gaming of California,” San Francisco Morning Call, May 28, 1893.
89. Brannan, Scoundrel’s Tale, 307.
90. Ibid., 364.
91. “Mad Dog,” Sacramento Transcript, June 21, 1850.
92. “Case of Shooting,” Sacramento Transcript, August 5, 1850.
93. “Proceedings Before the Committee of Investigation,” Sacramento Transcript, February 26, 1851; “Immense Excitement! Lynch Law at Last,” Sacramento Transcript, February 26, 1851.
94. Ibid.
95. Ibid.
96. “Funeral of Mr. Myers,” Sacramento Transcript, February 28, 1851.
97. “Proceedings Before the Committee of Investigation,” Sacramento Transcript, February 26, 1851; “Immense Excitement! Lynch Law at Last,” Sacramento Transcript, February 26, 1851.
98. “Immense Excitement! Lynch Law at Last,” Sacramento Transcript, February 26, 1851.
99. Ibid.
100. Ibid.
101. Ibid.
102. Massey, “A Frenchman in the Gold Rush,” 51.
103. “Crime,” Sacramento Transcript, January 14, 1851.
104. Ibid.
105. Sacramento Transcript, March 1, March 3, March 7 and March 10, 1851.
106. Johnson, “Vigilance and the Law,” 561.
107. Ibid.
108. Lord, At the Extremity of Civilization, 297.
109. Bell, Reminiscences, 452.
110. “Empire Saloon,” Sacramento Transcript, June 26, 1850.
111. Census Office, 7th Census, 1850.
112. “The Tyrolese Singers,” Sacramento Transcript, December 6, 1850.
113. “Our Saloons,” Sacramento Transcript, February 15, 1851.
114. “Music for the Crowd,” Sacramento Transcript, September 21, 1850.
115. Lord, At the Extremity of Civilization, 297.
116.“The Musicians of the City,” Sacramento Transcript, August 29, 1850.
117. Gerstäcker, California Gold Mines, 42.
118. “Music,” Sacramento Transcript, September 24, 1850.
119. “A New Feature,” Sacramento Transcript, October 11, 1850.
120. Howe, Argonauts, 156.
121. “The Orleans and the El Dorado,” Sacramento Transcript, October 28, 1850.
122. “The Orleans House,” Sacramento Transcript, December 3, 1850.
123. Lord, At the Extremity of Civilization, 306.
124. Simpson, “Sacramento’s Historic Buildings,” 5.
125. “Still Another Shooting Affray,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 4, 1852.
126. “Early Gaming of California,” San Francisco Morning Call, May 28, 1893.
127. “Lee’s Exchange,” Sacramento Transcript, June 26, 1850.
128. “Empire Saloon,” Sacramento Transcript, June 26, 1850.
129. Lord, At the Extremity of Civilization, 284.
130. Ibid.
131. “Early Gaming of California,” San Francisco Morning Call, May 28, 1893.
132. Davis, “Research Use of County Court Records,” 244.
133. Ibid.
134. “An Affray,” Sacramento Transcript, February 24, 1851.
135. Secrest, Blood and Honor, 6.
136. “Dueling,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 10, 1852.
137. “Sparring To-night,” Sacramento Transcript, June 15, 1850.
138. “American Saloons,” Sacramento Daily Union, February 18, 1852.
139. “The Orleans and the El Dorado,” Sacramento Transcript, October 28, 1851.
140. Lord, At the Extremity of Civilization, 306.
141. “The ‘El Dorado’ in Sacramento,” Illustrated London News, June 5, 1852.
142. “Early Gaming of California,” San Francisco Morning Call, May 28, 1893.
143. Ibid.
144. “Daring Outrage,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 7, 1851.
145. Sacramento Daily Union, Crime Reports for 1853 and 1859.
146. “Police—Health,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 3, 1854.
147. “Our Police,” Daily Democratic State Journal, October 8, 1853.
148. “A Man Shot,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 18, 1851.
149. “Fatal Affray,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 3, 1852.
150. Ibid.
151. “Shooting Affray,” Sacramento Daily Union, October 27, 1852.
152. “Musical Row,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 18, 1851.
153. “Renovating,” Sacramento Transcript, March 10, 1851.
154. Bell, Reminiscences, 451.
155. “City Affairs,” Sacramento Transcript, September 8, 1850.
156. “An Assault,” Sacramento Transcript, October 15, 1850.
157. Bell, Reminiscences, 373.
158. “Humboldt Furniture for Sale,” Sacramento Transcript, May 1851.
159. “The Oriental Saloon,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 28, 1851.
160. “Oriental Saloon,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 17, 1851.
161. “The Bloomer of Fashion,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 15, 1851.
162. Tinling, “Bloomerism Comes to California,” 21.
163. Bosker, Bowled Over, 16.
164. “The Oriental” Sacramento Daily Union, July 4, 1851.
165. Lord, At the Extremity of Civilization, 297.
166. “Opening of the Oregon,” Sacramento Transcript, August 23, 1850.
167. “A New Feature,” Sacramento Transcript, October 11, 1850.
168. “Opening of the Oregon,” Sacramento Transcript, August 23, 1850.
169. de Rutte, Adventures of a Young Swiss, 74.
170. Lapp, “Negro in Gold Rush California,” 88.
171. Borthwick, Gold Hunters, 135.
172. Johnston, Experiences, 563.
173. “Influx of Frenchmen,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 1852; “Another Murderous Assault,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 10, 1851.
174. “Man Shot,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 7, 1852.
175. “Fatal Affray,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 5, 1852.
176. “William Green,” Daily Democratic State Journal, October 18, 1853.
177. “A Failure,” Daily Democratic State Journal, December 19, 1853.
178. “The Magnolia,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 21, 1851.
179. “The Magnolia,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 20, 1851.
180. “Death of a Pioneer Citizen,” Sacramento Bee, April 23, 1877.
181. “The Magnolia,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 3, 1851.
182. Wright, History of Sacramento County, 152.
183. Ibid.
184. “Indian Queen,” Sacramento Daily Union, January 1, 1853.
185. “Joaquin’s Head,” Sacramento Daily Union, September 6, 1853.
186. “Radford’s Saloon,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 30, 1851.
187. Ibid.
188. Ibid.
189. “Oysters,” Sacramento Daily Union, March 1, 1852.
190. “Gonorrhea Mixture” and “Syphilis Cured,” California Statesman, November 22, 1854.
191. “Fanny Seymour, alias Smith,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 23, 1852.
192. Ibid.
193. “A Man Shot! Great Excitement in Consequence!” Sacramento Daily Union, December 21, 1852.
194. “Great Sale Today at the Bull’s Head,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 25, 1851.
195. “The Horse Market,” Sacramento Daily Union, March 20, 1851.
196. “What’s a Free and Easy?” Sacramento Transcript, August 1, 1850.
197. “A ‘Slice’ from the Horse Market,” Sacramento Daily Union, March 15, 1851.
198. “Melancholy Accident,” Sacramento Transcript, April 1, 1850.
199. “Died,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 20, 1854.
200. “Sudden Death,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 14, 1851.
201. “A New Restaurant,” Sacramento Daily Union, October 30, 1851.
202. “Re-Opening of the Woodcock,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 7, 1851.
203. “Burglary,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 11, 1851.
204. “Robbery,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 20, 1851.
205. Leach, Recollections, 4.
206. Ibid.
207. Ibid.
208. “Awful Conflagration,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 4, 1852.
209. Ibid.
210. “Incidents of the Fire,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 4, 1852.
211. “Another Victim,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 7, 1852.
212. “Incidents of the Fire,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 4, 1852.
CHAPTER 4
213. Holden, Sacramento, 178.
214. “The Bricklayers,” Sacramento Daily Union, September 27, 1853.
215. “New Brick Building,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 20, 1852.
216. “Floods in Sacramento,” New York Daily Times, January 29, 1853.
217. “Orleans Hotel,” Sacramento Daily Union, January 1, 1853.
218. “The Arrangements,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 3, 1853.
219. “The Orleans,” Sacramento Daily Union, January 1853.
220. “The Arrangements,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 3, 1853.
221. “Miska Hauser’s Concert,” Sacramento Daily Union, March 11, 1853.
222. “The Serenaders,” Sacramento Daily Union, March 12, 1853.
223. “Lola Montez and Her Concert,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 7, 1853; “All Was Not Sweetness and Gold Dust—They Once Threw Eggs at Lola,” Sacramento Bee, August 5, 1957.
224. “All Was Not Sweetness and Gold Dust—They Once Threw Eggs at Lola,” Sacramento Bee, August 5, 1957.
225. “Evening Pastimes,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 3, 1853.
226. “Soiree Pugilistique,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 13, 1852.
227. “Ratification Meeting at the Orleans,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 3, 1853.
228. “New Englanders Attention!” Sacramento Daily Union, December 16, 1853.
229. “Beaver Lunch,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 1, 1855.
230. “Orleans Hotel,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 29, 1853.
231. “Turtle Soup,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 7, 1853.
232. “Billiard Saloon, K Street,” Placer Times, September 29, 1849.
233. “Sacramento Billiard Factory,” Daily Democratic State Journal, November 5, 1855.
234. “Fountain,” Daily Democratic State Journal, July 18, 1854
235. “Worse Than Winning an Elephant,” Daily Democratic State Journal, July 20, 1856.
236. “Orleans Hotel,” Daily Democratic State Journal, September 9, 1854; “The Orleans Renovated,” Daily Democratic State Journal, September 22, 1854.
237. “The Political Hive,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 8, 1856.
238. “Shooting Affray,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 28, 1853.
239. “Early Gaming of California,” San Francisco Morning Call, May 28, 1893.
240. “Mizzled,” Sacramento Daily Union, May 24, 1853.
241. “Robbery at the El Dorado,” Sacramento Daily Union, May 11, 1853.
242. “The Magnolia,” Daily Democratic State Journal, September 21, 1853.
243. “Conviviality,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 6, 1853.
244. “Another Fine Building,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 8, 1853; “The Magnolia,” Daily Democratic State Journal, September 21, 1853.
245. “The Magnolia,” Daily Democratic State Journal, September 21, 1853.
246. Ibid.
247. “Free Blow,” Daily Democratic State Journal, April 20, 1854.
248. “Merchants’ Exchange Saloon,” Daily Democratic State Journal, March 10, 1854.
249. “Foot Racing,” Daily Democratic State Journal, June 16, 1854.
250. “A Blow Out,” Daily Democratic State Journal, September 3, 1854.
251. “Know Nothings and Freedom’s Phalanx Attend!” Daily Democratic State Journal, October 27, 1854.
252. “Mark the Changes of the Fashion,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 7, 1853.
253. “Sudden Death of Mr. John C. Keenan,” California Alta, May 26, 1869.
254. Hall, Old Sacramento, 66.
255. “The Fashion Saloon, 39 J Street,” Daily Democratic State Journal, April 17, 1854.
256. “Sutter Race Course,” Daily Democratic State Journal, May 10, 1854.
257. “The Turf,” Daily Democratic State Journal, October 20, 1855.
258. Ibid.
259. “Brighton Race Course,” Sacramento Daily Union, February 7, 1852.
260. “California Barley,” Sacramento Daily Union, May 11, 1852
261. “Alhambra Saloon,” Daily Democratic State Journal, December 26, 1852.
262. Ibid.
263. “The Alhambra,” Daily Democratic State Journal, June 21, 1853.
264. “For Sale,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 13, 1853.
265. “The Capital Saloon,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 1, 1854,
266. “Oysters! Oysters!” California Statesman, November 21, 1854.
267. Sacramento Genealogical Society, Women Proprietors.
268. “The Eagle Exchange,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 3, 1851.
269. Wright, “Making of Cosmopolitan California, Part II,” 73.
270. “Orleans Hotel,” Sacramento Daily Union, January 21, 1854.
271. “Extra-Ordinary,” Sacramento Daily Union, September 10, 1852.
272. “Shooting Affair,” Sacramento Daily Union, September 15, 1861.
273. Boessenecker, Gold Dust, 134–35.
274. “Turnbull’s Saloon, Daily Democratic State Journal, June 1, 1853.
275. “Marion,” Sacramento Daily Union, March 17, 1853.
276. “Shooting Affair,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 13, 1854.
277. “Serious Affray,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 16, 1852.
278. “The Wonder of the World,” Daily Democratic State Journal, April 13, 1855.
279. “Arcadian Row,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 13, 1855.
280. “Row in the Arcade,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 18, 1855.
281. “Another Arcadian Row,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 25, 1855.
282. “Rows,” Daily Democratic State Journal, February 14, 1855.
283. “Got the Worst of a Bad Bargain,” California Statesman, January 20, 1855.
284. “Horrible,” Daily Democratic State Journal, November 6, 1854.
285. “Lager Beer,” Daily Democratic State Journal, July 28, 1854.
286. Thrapp, Encyclopedia of Frontier Biography, 775–76.
287. Lienhard, A Pioneer, 170.
288. Ibid.
289. Ibid., 775.
290. “A Glass of Lager,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 20, 1858.
291. “Brown’s Lager Beer and Chop Saloon,” Daily Democratic State Journal, May 1, 1855.
292. “Sacramento Beer Cellar,” Daily Democratic State Journal, July 28, 1854.
293. “Lager Beer,” Daily Democratic State Journal, August 15, 1854.
294. “Lager Beer,” Daily Democratic State Journal, December 7, 1854.
295. Colville, Sacramento City Directory, xix.
296. “Lager Beer on Ice,” Sacramento Bee, June 3, 1859.
297. “Sitka Ice House,” Daily Democratic State Journal, November 16, 1853.
298. Colville, Colville’s Sacramento Directory, xix.
299. “A Glass of Lager Beer,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 20, 1858.
300. “Statistics,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 6, 1853; “Bar Licenses,” Sacramento Transcript, February 16, 1851.
301. “McWilliams & Co.,” Daily Democratic State Journal, November 23, 1853; “McWilliams & Co.,” Daily Democratic State Journal, December 2, 1852.
302. “Drinking Saloons,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 13, 1852.
303. “Temperance Festival,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 29, 1853; “The Temperance Festival,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 30, 1853.
304. “Old Joe,” California Statesman, February 7, 1855.
305. California State Legislature, “An Act to Take the Sense of the People of This State…,” 240.
306. “Prohibitory Liquor Law,” Daily Democratic State Journal, September 13, 1855.
307. “Beauties of the Maine Liquor Law,” Sacramento Daily Union, October 3, 1853.
308. “Torch Light Procession,” Daily Democratic State Journal, October 1855.
309. California State Legislature, “An Act to Prohibit the Collection…,” 193.
310. “Liquor Laws,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 15, 1858.
311. California State Legislature, “An Act to License Gaming,” 165–66; “An Act to License Gaming,” Sacramento Transcript, March 13, 1851.
312. “Gambling on Sunday,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 7, 1852.
313. California State Legislature, “An Act to Suppress Gaming,” 124–25.
314. Ibid.
315. “Melancholy Suicide,” Daily Democratic State Journal, May 6, 1855.
316. “California Immigration,” Sacramento Transcript, November 25, 1850.
317. Loosely, “Foreign Born Population of California,” 5.
318. Ibid.
319. Hamilton, “Adventurism and the California Gold Rush,” 1,469.
320. Wright, “Making of Cosmopolitan California, Part I,” 341.
321. Findlay, People of Chance, 95.
322. Ibid., 99.
323. “The Issue,” Daily Democratic State Journal, May 21, 1856.
324. “Law—Order—The Action of the People in San Francisco,” Sacramento Daily Union, May 21, 1856.
325. Findlay, People of Chance, 99.
326. Jones, California, 38–39.
327. Ibid.
328. “Dice and Marbles,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 20, 1860.
329. “Gambling,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 13, 1854.
330. Colville, City Directory of Sacramento, 11.
331. “Fight at a Fancy Ball,” Daily Democratic State Journal, July 12, 1855.
332. “Sacramento Lyceum,” California Statesman, December 8, 1854.
333. “Lyceum,” Daily Democratic State Journal, November 3, 1854.
334. “Lyceum,” Daily Democratic State Journal, December 29, 1855.
335. “The Lyceum,” Daily Democratic State Journal, February 11, 1855.
336. “Suwanee House,” Daily Democratic State Journal, October 1, 1853; “A Literary Society,” Sacramento Daily Union, January 5, 1854.
337. “National Amphitheater,” Daily Democratic State Journal, August 16, 1856.
338. “Bull Fight,” Daily Democratic State Journal, December 21, 1854
339. “Dog Fights,” Daily Democratic State Journal, August 15, 1856.
340. “Badger Baiting,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 15, 1858.
341. “The Engine Race,” Daily Democratic State Journal, May 27, 1857.
342. “Hydrant Saloon,” Daily Democratic State Journal, August 5, 1854.
343. “Disgusting,” Daily Democratic State Journal, September 6, 1855.
344. Hall, Old Sacramento, 66.
345. “Jimmy,” Daily Democratic State Journal, July 21, 1856.
CHAPTER 5
346. “Jocko,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 24, 1857.
347. “Cold Water Army,” Daily Democratic State Journal, December 8, 1856.
348. “Anti-Swearing Society,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 10, 1857; “Anti-Swearing Society,” Daily Democratic State Journal, February 3, 1857.
349. California State Legislature, “An Act to Provide for the Better Observance of the Sabbath,” 124–25.
350. “Sunday Cases,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 21, 1858.
351. “Sunday Law,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 8, 1858.
352. Blakely, American State Papers, 166.
353. “Liquid Manufacturers,” Sacramento Daily Union, January 2, 1859.
354. “Ohio Brewery,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 27, 1860.
355. “Rablin’s Tiger Ale,” Daily Democratic State Journal, March 31, 1857.
356. “Rablin’s Tiger Ale,” Daily Democratic State Journal, March 15, 1857.
357. “Sacramento Ale and Porter,” Sacramento Daily Union, May 24, 1859.
358. “Green’s Exchange,” Daily Democratic State Journal, August 19, 1853.
359. “Phoenix Brewery,” Sacramento Daily Union, January 4, 1858.
360. “A Glass of Lager,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 20, 1858.
361. “Accidental Shooting,” Sacramento Daily Union, April 17, 1858.
362. “Died,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 9, 1859.
363. “Inquest on the Body of Maria Rupp,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 20, 1857.
364. Ibid.
365. Ibid.
366. “The Dead,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 21, 1857.
367. “Metz, the Murderer,” Sacramento Daily Union, October 3, 1858.
368. “Violation of City Ordinance,” Daily Democratic State Journal, November 27, 1856.
369. Ibid.
370. Ibid.
371. “Charivari No. 2,” Sacramento Daily Union, November 26, 1860.
372. “Body Found,” Sacramento Daily Union, March 28, 1861.
373. “Accident from Burning Fluid,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 28, 1857.
374. “For Frazier River,” Sacramento Daily Union, May 25, 1858.
375. Kennedy, Agriculture of the United States, 12; “Foreign vs. Home Wines,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 16, 1853.
376. “Two Hours at Smith’s,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 6, 1860.
377. Ibid.
378. “Grape Arbor,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 18, 1860.
379. “Muscat Grapes,” Sacramento Daily Union, September 7, 1858.
380. “Choice Grapes,” Sacramento Daily Union, September 10, 1861.
381. “Native Wine,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 13, 1859.
382. Ibid.
383. “Anaconda at Large,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 27, 1859; “The Anaconda,” Sacramento Daily Union, June 28, 1859.
384. “Native Born,” Daily Democratic State Journal, July 15, 1855.
385. “Grand Oyster Supper,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 2, 1857.
386. “New Sazerac Building,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 21, 1858.
387. “Assault and Battery,” Sacramento Daily Union, October 13, 1858.
388. “Sazerac Saloon,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 11, 1860.
389. Erdoes, Saloons, 118.
390. “The Pearl,” Daily Democratic State Journal, January 7, 1855.
CHAPTER 6
391. “The Flag,” Sacramento Daily Union, August 11, 1861.
392. This was likely the First Battle of Bull Run, taking place on July 21, 1861, when Union troops under the command of General Irvin McDowell attacked Confederate regulars at Manassas Junction. Despite initial successes for the Union side, the Rebels recovered and sent the Union attackers retreating back toward Washington, D.C.
393. William Carr, “Civil War Welded California into Solid, Mature State,” Sacramento Bee, April 23, 1961.
394. Wright, History of Sacramento County, 332.
395. “The Green Ribbon,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 21, 1861.
396. “Secession Flag,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 6, 1861.
397. “Fireworks in the Event,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 6, 1861.
398. “Sacramento Had Her Johnny Rebs, Too,” Sacramento Daily Union, July 1, 1956.
399. “Not Quite a Duel,” Sacramento Daily Union, May 2, 1861.
400. Lehr, Sutterville, 89.
401. “Row at Sutterville,” Sacramento Daily Union, December 14, 1861.