ENDNOTES

Part 1

1	Second Lieutenant Stewart Ridley and Air Mechanic 1st Class J.A. Garside of the 17th Squadron, Royal Flying Corps, died in mid-June 1916 and are commemorated at the Cairo War Memorial Cemetery. The original newspaper cutting was found in Ivan Young’s photo album. This tragic incident provides some indication of the dangers posed by the desert.
2	In fact Bisset was not awarded the DCM, but Mentioned in Despatches.
3	Letter from Gunner L.R. Cohn, 20 July 1918.
4	Transcript of original operation orders from Captain James’ papers at the Army Tank Museum.
5	In fact, the rescue of the sailors occurred in 1915 and the members of the Armoured Car Section did not participate. The original text has not been amended.
6	The unit title is variously referred to in official documents as the Armoured Car Section, 1st Armoured Car Section and 1st Armoured Car Battery. For clarity, the name ‘1st Armoured Car Section’ will be used throughout.
7	The Citizen Military Force has been variously referred to over time as Citizens Forces, Citizen Military Forces, Militia and, more recently, the Army Reserve. For consistency, reserve forces of volunteers for service within the Commonwealth and territories will be called Citizen Military Force throughout, abbreviated to CMF.
8	NAA: B2455, James E.H., item barcode 7365498.
9	The Argus, 13 August 1919, p. 10.
10	The Coburg Leader, 14 December 1895, p. 4.
11	The Coburg Leader, 29 October 1904, p. 1.
12	The Coburg Leader, 20 March 1909, p. 4.
13	NAA: B2455, Cornwell, P.R.V., item barcode 3424461.
14	The Argus, 24 November 1913, p. 12.
15	The Sydney Morning Herald, 26 January 1914, p. 12.
16	The Leader, 7 February 1914, p. 23.
17	The Leader, 21 August 1915, ‘Motors and Motoring’, p. 21.
18	The Brunswick and Coburg Leader, 16 June 1916, p. 2.
19	The Heidelberg Conservation Study declared the home a historically important building in 1985. See the Victorian Heritage Database place details, Banyule City Council.
20	The Cyclopedia of Victoria, Vol. III, p. 225.
21	The Nhill Free Press, 22 January 1907, p. 2.
22	The Nhill Free Press, 28 August 1914, p. 2.
23	The Horsham Times, 7 December 1915, p. 3.
24	The Nhill Free Press, 21 September 1917, p. 3.
25	The Horsham Times, 6 July 1917, p. 5.
26	The Horsham Times, 2 October 1917, p. 3.
27	NAA: B2455, Young, I.S., item barcode 1911675.
28	K.M. Curkpatrick, Saddle to Boots. A history of the 19th (Aust) Machine Gun Battalion, self-published, Clifton Hill, Victoria, 1990, p. 6.
29	Reserve of Officers List 1946, Part 2, p. 1607.
30	The Nhill Free Press, 7 December 1917, p. 2.
31	The Nhill Free Press, Editorial, March 1920.
32	The Nhill Free Press, 16 November 1933, p. 2.
33	A number of Young’s early home movies are held in the National Film and Sound Archive, Canberra.
34	The Victorian Government Gazette, 1 September 1943.
35	The Horsham Times, 15 February1916, p. 6.
36	The Hamilton Spectator, 28 December 1919, p. 4. For some unknown reason Creek’s rank was reported as private.
37	NAA: B2455, Creek, G., item barcode 3462415.
38	The Horsham Times, 31 August 1919, p. 5.
39	The Advertiser, 16 February 1954, p. 4.
40	An ‘SP bookie’ was a starting price bookmaker who accepted bets on horseraces away from the racecourse. It was a common but illegal form of fixed-odds gambling. SP bookies often established themselves in easy to access places such as hotel bars and those caught faced criminal charges.
41	The Horsham Times, 9 September 1930, p. 5.
42	NAA: B2455, McGibbon, R.W., item barcode 1944094.
43	The Cumberland Evening Times, 7 January 1942, p. 14.
44	The Cumberland Evening Times, 14 April 1941, p. 9.
45	J. Devany, australianfootball.com
46	The Barrier Miner, 9 September 1905, p. 2.
47	The Barrier Miner, 21 November 1905, p. 2.
48	The Mail, 27 December 1953, p. 9.
49	The Advertiser, 28 June1920, p. 12.
50	The Barrier Miner, 3 April 1916, p. 4.
51	The Port Pirie Recorder and North Western Mail, 7 April 1916, p. 4.
52	The Adelaide Register, 19 February 1917, p. 6.
53	NAA: B2455, Hyman, O.H., item barcode 7361031.
54	The Adelaide Register, 10 April 1922, p. 5.
55	The Advertiser, 15 January 1926, p. 19.
56	The Adelaide Chronicle, June 1948.
57	The Argus, 18 November 1920, p. 4.
58	NAA: B2455, Thompson, W.P., item barcode 1836411.
59	Index of Wills and Administration 1858–1966; 1935, p. 90.
60	Notes provided by the Chiltern Historical Association.
61	Interview by D. Finlayson for Ironsides 2006.
62	NAA: B2455, Harkin, H.L.F., item barcode 4968963.
63	R. Droogleever, That Ragged Mob, Trojan Press, Melbourne, 2009, p. 483.
64	The Argus, 21 November 1911, p. 5.
65	The Argus, 10 November 1913, p. 12.
66	NAA: B2455, Millar, L.J., item barcode 1906034.
67	NAA: B2455, McKay, G.A., item barcode 1948011.
68	Canowindra Star and Eugowra News, 5 May 1922, p. 5.
69	NAA: B883, McKay, K.R., item barcode 1948154.
70	NAA: A9301, McKay, A.M., item barcode 5522452.
71	The Bendigonian, 8 March 1917, p. 27.
72	The Bendigonian, 10 June 1915, p. 9.
73	The Bendigo Advertiser, 24 November 1914, p. 14.
74	The Bendigonian, 30 March 1915, p. 19.
75	The Bendigo Advertiser, 29 April 1916, p. 11.
76	NAA: B2455, Bisset, N.S., item barcode 3086220.
77	The Argus, 26 December 1940, p. 5.
78	NAA: B2455, Jones, S.G., item barcode 1822184.
79	NAA: B884, Jones, S.G., item barcode 6278439.
80	See A.J. Sweeting, ‘Langley, Hudson John Watson (1894–1919)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, Vol. 9, Melbourne University Press, 1983.
81	The Nhill Free Press, 30 November 1915, p. 2.
82	The Mitre (Trinity School Magazine), May 1919, p. 40.
83	NAA: B883, Langley, J.H., item barcode 11976488.
84	The Mount Alexander Mail, 22 July 1916, p. 2.
85	NAA: B883, Morgan, G.F., item barcode 7986680.
86	NAA: B883, Gray, L.A., item barcode 4671769.
87	NAA: B883, Christensen, G.C., item barcode 6284786.
88	NAA: B2455, Riley, J.C., item barcode 8032615.
89	The Nepean Times, 4 August 1955, p. 2.
90	Driscoll’s postings mirror those of Lieutenant A.C. Gibbs and it is likely that Driscoll was his batman.
91	NAA: B2455, Driscoll, J.A., item barcode 3522293.
92	The Sydney Morning Herald, 1 December 1934, p. 14.
93	The Sydney Morning Herald, 22 February 1935, p. 6.
94	NAA: B884, Driscoll, J.A., item barcode 6184472.
95	The Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners Advocate, 19 July 1944, p. 6.
96	The Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners Advocate, 16 November 1944, p. 5.
97	The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers Advocate, various dates.
98	The Sydney Morning Herald, 25 May 1904, p. 4.
99	The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers Advocate, 5 October 1907, p. 8.
100	The Daily Herald, 19 September 1918, p. 5.
101	NAA: B2455, Gibbs, A.C., item barcode 4104617.
102	The Sydney Morning Herald, 25 March 1928, p. 13.
103	The Sydney Morning Herald, 29 August 1931, p. 10.
104	The Sydney Morning Herald, 24 September 1931, p. 4.
105	The Sydney Morning Herald, 26 September 1931, p. 10.
106	The Sydney Morning Herald, 21 November 1931, p. 10.
107	The Sydney Morning Herald, 9 June 1932, p. 9.
108	The Sydney Morning Herald, 25 June 1932, p. 14.
109	On enlistment he used Frank rather that Francis Hetherset Huntington Rhoades.
110	NAA: B2455, Rhoades, F., item barcode 8028561.
111	The Sydney Morning Herald, 17 September 1919, p. 8.
112	NAA: B2455, Riley, K.C., item barcode 11989288.
113	The Sydney Morning Herald, 5 December 1918, p. 7.
114	NAA: B2455, Jarvis, B.C, item barcode 7336521.
115	On several documents Sydney’s name is spelled Sidney, clearly a clerical error.
116	NAA: B2455, Forsyth, S.C.K., item barcode 31849909.
117	NAA: B2455 Eddie, A., item barcode 3534085.
118	ancestry.com.au
119	NAA: B2455, Somny, G.V., item barcode 8088744.
120	The West Australian, 12 December 1935, p. 21.
121	NAA: B2455, McKay, J.B., item barcode 1948154.
122	NAA: B2455, Pines, M.C., item barcode 8014906.
123	NAA: B2455, Riley, J.C., item barcode 8032615.
124	Cairns Post, 3 May 1941, p. 6.
125	The King’s School Magazine, December 1979. The King’s School Archive Collection.
126	NAA: B2455, Simpson, R.J., item barcode 6157585.
127	The Muswellbrook Chronicle, 26 May 1940, p. 6.
128	The Muswellbrook Chronicle, 21 June 1940, p. 7.
129	The Muswellbrook Chronicle, 18 July 1941, p. 6.
130	The Singleton Argus, 22 February 1952, p. 1.
131	NAA: B2455, Holley, A.G., item barcode 5827676.
132	The Argus, 10 October 1925, p. 15.
133	The Argus, 21 September 1926, p. 1.
134	Australian Town and Country Journal, 1 June 1904, p. 35.
135	The Cumberland Argus and Fruitgrowers Advocate, 4 April 1900, p. 2.
136	The Richmond River Herald and Northern District Advertiser, 8 February 1916, p. 3.
137	NAA: B2455,Bosanquet, L.G.V., item barcode 3099579.
138	The King’s School Archive Collection; e-mail November 2014.
139	NAA: B2455, Arnott, F., item barcode 3036152.
140	Cohn, L.R., letter, 12 February 1919.
141	Ibid., 28 April 1919.

Part 2

1.	The term ‘super weapon’ was used during the First World War, but only rarely. It came into more general use in the 1930s and rose to particular prominence during and after the Second World War. However, within the context of the First World War, the tank can be described as the ‘super weapon’ of that era.
2.	Australian casualties during the Gallipoli campaign in 1915 exceeded 26,000 and, in July and August of 1916, the AIF suffered more than 28,000 casualties in just three battles on the Western Front: Fromelles, Pozières and Mouquet Farm. While casualty rates rose, enlistments declined; only 12,515 enlisted during July–August 1916. The AIF was literally bleeding at an unsustainable rate. Although conscription was introduced in other Commonwealth countries, the first conscription referendum in Australia in October 1916 was soundly defeated. Figures from A.G. Butler, Official History of the Australian Army Medical Services 1914-1918, Vol. III, Problems and Services, AWM, Canberra, 1943. Additional information supplied by Brad Manera, Manager, Anzac Memorial, Sydney.
3.	C.E.W. Bean, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18, Vol. III, The AIF in France 1916, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1929, p. 900.The diorama ‘Somme Winter 1916’ at the Australian War Memorial includes several tank hulks lying bogged and wrecked forward of the Australian trenches.
4.	Bean, Official History, Vol. III, The AIF in France 1916, p. 905.
5.	At least two, build numbers 586 and 799, were training tanks built of plates without case-hardened armour and never intended for combat use. Their capture and testing misled the Germans into the belief that their current issue armour-piercing small arms ammunition would penetrate British tank hulls. Jack Sheldon, ‘Bullecourt: Day of Disaster’, Wartime, Issue 63, winter 2013, p. 17.
6.	Twelve were allocated, but one had suffered mechanical failure and was withdrawn.
7.	C.E.W. Bean, Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18, Vol. IV, The AIF in France 1917, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1933, p. 295. Although the lack of tank support was regarded as a failure by the Australians, the Germans under attack took a different view, the after-action report explicitly stating that ‘the Australian troops exploited the momentary confusion and uncertainty which seized the fighting troops when the tanks appeared.’ Sheldon ‘Bullecourt: Day of Disaster’, p. 18.
8.	Bean, Official History, Vol. IV, The AIF in France 1917, p. 316.
9.	Ibid.
10.	Ibid., pp. 295, 297.
11.	Ibid., p. 353.
12.	Ibid., p. 421.
13.	It was the Battle of Hamel that the Royal Tank Corps chose to commemorate with the presentation of a Silver Mk. V tank to the Australian Tank Corps in February 1935. See David Finlayson, ‘Kinship and Co-operation. The Silver Mark V Tank’ in Ironsides, Royal Australia Armoured Corps, March 2012, pp. 14–15.
14.	The Adelaide Mail, Saturday 16 September 1916, p. 1 (Ref. A7375).
15.	The Argus, Wednesday 20 September 1916, p. 9 (Ref. A7383).
16.	Launceston Examiner, Saturday 30 September 1916, p. 7 (Ref. A7386).
17.	The Leader, Saturday 23 September 1916, p. 32 (Ref. A7285).
18.	The Adelaide Register, Saturday 16 December 1916, p. 11 (Ref. A7392).
19.	W. Hudson Burnet, first published in London Opinion, partial quote from the complete poem reprinted in the Adelaide Register, Saturday 16 December 1816, p. 11 (Ref. A7392).
20.	Gerald Frederic Dunning Acraman, ‘Autobiography of a Tank’, Southern Argus, Thursday 5 April 1917, p. 3. SX3183 G.F.D. Acraman served with an artillery unit in the 9th Australian Infantry Division during the Second World War, attaining the rank of bombardier.
21.	‘Tommy’s Tank’, the Shepparton Advertiser, 28 September 1916.
22.	‘A “Tank” for Australia’: the Argus, Melbourne, Wednesday 2 May 1917, p. 9 (A7430). The report was published widely in, for example, the Brisbane Courier, the Daily News (Perth) and The West Australian, with most publishing the same text under different headlines. The Ballarat Courier in Victoria and the Barrier Miner in NSW embellished the story, however, by stating that the request was for ‘the armored “tank” which supported the Australians in the attack upon Pozieres last year ...’ (Barrier Miner, Tuesday 1 May 1917, p. 4). The Australian attacks on Pozières occurred during July-August 1916, well before the first combat use of the tank in mid-September, and several months before the first Australian operation which included tank support, the First Battle of Bullecourt, in April 1917. Placing the word ‘tank’ in quotation marks was common during the early years of reporting on the vehicle.
23.	‘Tank for Australia’, Bendigo Advertiser, Friday 25 January 1918, p. 5.
24.	As would be the case when the Mk. IV tank ‘Britannia’ was sent to the Allied War Exposition in the US in mid-1918.
25.	‘Report on Australian Personnel’ by General Officer Commanding the Tank Corps Training Centre, Bovington Camp, UK (undated), appended to Minute from Assistant Adjutant General, Administrative Headquarters, AIF, to Transport Section, 8 May 1918. The ranks shown are as listed in the course report (Ref. A2147).
26.	The Boorara was a historically significant ship. Built as the SS Pfalz in 1913 in Germany, the 6570-ton steamship was in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, and heading for the open seas on 5 August 1914 when war with Germany was declared. The Royal Australian Garrison Artillery battery on Point Nepean was ordered to prevent the ship’s departure. The ship initially ignored signals to stop, so a 6-inch round was fired across her bows as she approached Port Phillip Heads. This was the first shot to be fired in the First World War. The Commonwealth pilot aboard the Pfalz convinced the ship’s master that the next round would likely be at the ship, rather than cautionary. Realising that any attempt to flee would probably end with the sinking of his ship, the master turned about and berthed at Portsea, where the crew was interned. The ship was then taken on charge by the RAN and converted to a troopship. Presumably, the ship’s bell of the Pfalz was removed during the conversion. According to David Finlayson, it was still in daily use in the 1970s as the school bell at Ivanhoe Grammar.
27.	Letter to Secretary, Department of Defence, Melbourne, from Commandant, AIF Administrative Headquarters, London: ‘Tank for Australia’, 22 March 1918 (Ref. Ab17186; A2226).
28.	For example, The Horsham Times, Friday 17 May 1918, p. 5 and the Leader (Melbourne), Saturday May 18, 1918, p. 36.
29.	HMAT A42 Boorara was put back into service, but suffered damage from another torpedo strike on 23 July 1918 during a British coastal voyage. The torpedo, fired from UC-70, caused damage but no casualties. Repaired again, the ship continued in Commonwealth service until sold to Greek shipping interests in 1926, when it was renamed the SS Nereus. It was wrecked off Vancouver Island, Canada, on 8 August 1937.
30.	Letter to Secretary, Department of Defence, Melbourne, from Commandant, AIF Administrative Headquarters, London: ‘Tank for Australia’, 8 May 1918 (Ref. Ab4337/8/1; A2240).
31.	HMAT C4 Dongarra was also a captured German vessel, the 5566-ton SS Stolzenfels. The Dongarra survived the war and remained in Commonwealth service until 1925, when it was sold and renamed the SS Kotka. In 1927 it was sold again, becoming the SS Benvrackie. The ship was broken up in 1931.
32.	Letter to Secretary, Department of Defence, Melbourne, from Commandant, AIF Administrative Headquarters, London: ‘Tank for Australia’, 8 May 1918 (Ref. Ab4337/8/1; A2240).
33.	See, for example, ‘Tank for Australia’ in the West Gippsland Gazette, Tuesday 2 July 1918, p. 2.
34.	Letter to Assistant Adjutant General, Victoria Barracks, Melbourne, from Lieutenant Norman L Brown, OC Australian Tank, Eastwood, South Australia, 11 July 1918 (Ref: A2147).
35.	See ‘War Tank In Australia’ in The Register, Adelaide, South Australia, Thursday 11 July 1918, p. 6.
36.	The British Mk. IV Female was the first of three First World War tanks to arrive in Australia. On 22 July 1918, the 26th Infantry Battalion, AIF, with the assistance of the 1st Gun Carrier Company, retrieved the German A7V ‘Mephisto’ from no man’s land in the Monument Wood area of the Western Front. It was claimed by Australia as a war trophy and landed in Brisbane in June 1919. In late 1921, the French government gifted several relics to the Australian War Museum, including a French Renault FT-17 Light Tank. Both the A7V and FT-17 were battle-damaged war relics and were not in operable condition.
37.	‘War Tank In Melbourne’: the Argus, Melbourne, Monday 15 July 1918, p. 4.
38.	Vaughan’s was a well-known local haulage company, though it is somewhat ironic that they were contracted for the task. Fiercely pro-Irish and anti-war, members of the Vaughan family were ‘embroiled in the struggle against conscription’ (Bruce Scates, A Place to Remember, Cambridge University Press, Melbourne, 2009, p. 99). Vaughan would later form a partnership with the stonemasons Lodge Brothers to form Vaughan and Lodge Pty Ltd, the builders of the Victorian Shrine of Remembrance in St Kilda Road, Melbourne.
39.	Wednesday 17 July 1918. Curiously, the authority issued to ‘Mr. Vaughan, Carrier’ authorising him to move the ‘military tank’ from the wharf to the Victoria Barracks yard was dated 18 July 1918. All newspaper accounts, however, agree that the date the move took place was the Wednesday 17 July (Ref. A2240).
40.	‘British Fighting Tank from the West Front Arrives in Melbourne’: the Leader, Saturday 20 July 1918, p. 38 (Ref. A7302). The arrival and move from the wharf were widely reported. See, for example, the Gippsland Times, Thursday 18 July, p. 3; The Argus, Monday 15 July, p. 4; the Adelaide Register, Friday 19 July, p. 6; and the Sydney Morning Herald, Monday 15 July 1918, p. 7.
41.	Minute from Adjutant General to Secretary, Department of Defence: ‘Tank Personnel’, 16 August 1918. The Minute was annotated by the CGS as quoted, with both the Chief of Ordnance and Quartermaster General noting their concurrence.
42.	Minute from Secretary, Department of Defence to Minister for Defence: ‘Tank Crew’, undated reference A498/1/435. The minute was annotated by the Minister on 28 August with the direction to place the tank under the control of the Chief of Ordnance (Ref. A2148). Colonel Dangar also served on the Commonwealth Military Board throughout the First World War.
43.	Hugh Victor McKay was awarded a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE – Civil) on 15 March 1919 for services to war industries. His services included management of Grit and her crew until November 1918.
44.	Minute from H.V. McKay, Member, Board of Business Administration to Finance Member, Melbourne: ‘Tank Crew’, 22 July 1918 (Ref. A2240).
45.	Letter from Governor of South Australia to Minister for Defence, 19 July 1918 (Ref. A2240).
46.	For example, the inability to exhibit the tank in aid of the Bridgewater-on-Loddon Red Cross Appeal, scheduled for 21 August, due to transport and scheduling difficulties, and the refusal to provide the tank for the ‘Back to Ararat’ Diamond Jubilee festivities from 24 to 31 December 1918 because the activity was not being held for patriotic fundraising purposes.
47.	Minute from H.V. McKay to Minister for Defence: ‘Tank’, 25 July 1918, and Minister’s annotated reply of 26 July 1918 (Ref. A2240).
48.	The press release was included in many weekly papers the Monday after the event. See, for example, the Launceston Examiner, which reported on Monday 29 July under the heading ‘The Armoured Tank’, with the date-line ‘Melbourne, Friday’ that ‘tomorrow morning the armoured tank ... will make its first trip through the streets of Melbourne’ (Ref. A7317).
49.	‘Tank in the City’, the Ballarat Courier, Monday 29 July 1918, p. 3 (Ref. A7304).
50.	Minute from H.V. McKay, Member, Board of Business Administration to Secretary, Department of Defence: ‘Tank’, 30 July 1918 (Ref. A2240).
51.	Letter from War Tank Demonstration Committee to H.V. McKay, 10 September 1918 (Ref.A2236). The Royal Adelaide Show was in full swing at the time, located on a site just four kilometres north of Unley Oval.
52.	.Now Belair Road.
53.	‘War Tank in Adelaide’, the Adelaide Register, Thursday 5 September 1918, p. 8.
54.	‘War Tank Bonds’, the Mail, Saturday 31 August 1918, p. 13.
55.	Telegram from Duncan to McKay, 25 August 1918.
56.	Baroness Marie Carola Franciska Roselyne d’Erlanger became Marie, Lady Galway when she married Sir Henry Lionel Galway, KCMG, DSO. Sir Henry Galway was the 17th Governor of South Australia, serving from 18 April 1914 to 30 April 1920.
57.	The ceremony was reported on page 7 of the Advertiser on Monday, 16 September 1918.
58.	‘War Tank Sensation’, the Adelaide Register, Thursday 12 September 1918 (Ref. A7321).
59.	Possibly on or adjacent to the site of the current war memorial on North Terrace. The ‘Bank of Thrift’ was a physical expression of the South Australian Central War Loan Committee’s slogan ‘Thrift in the Home and Victory in the Field’.
60.	‘The Seventh War Loan’, the Advertiser, Tuesday 17 September 1918 (Ref A2770).
61.	The Returned Soldiers Association evolved into the Returned Sailors, Soldiers and Airmen’s Imperial League of Australia, today’s Returned and Services League of Australia.
62.	‘The Seventh War Loan’, sub section ‘In Other States’, the Age, Tuesday 17 September 1918, p. 5. Blackburn was famous even before the award of the VC, as he was reputed to have been the Australian who made the deepest penetration into Turkish territory immediately following the landing at Anzac Cove on 25 April 1915. Brad Manera, personal communication, August 2013.
63.	Witness Statement of Staff Sergeant C.R. Jackson, proceedings of the Court of Inquiry, convened at Sydney, 12 October 1918 (Ref. A2149).
64.	‘Larceny of Tank fittings on the Defence Dept. between Adelaide – vide the attached file’, F. Hawkins, Detective, CIB Melbourne, 23 January 1919 (Ref. A2149).
65.	Memorandum from H.V. McKay, Member, Board of Business Administration to Secretary, Department of Defence, 24 July 1918 (Ref. A2240).
66.	‘War Loan at The Show’, the Age, Thursday 26 September 1918, p. 18 (Ref. A2770).
67.	‘The Royal Show – Last Day’s Events – War Tank Demonstration’, the Argus, Monday 30 September 1918, p. 4 (Ref. A7341).
68.	‘Seventh War Loan – Subscriptions at Royal Show’, the Age, Monday 30 September 1918 (Ref. A2770).
69.	‘A British Tank’, Sydney Morning Herald, Friday 4 October 1918, p. 7 (Ref. A7319).
70.	‘The Tank in Action’, Sydney Morning Herald, Monday 28 October 1918, p. 6 (Ref. A7318).
71.	The precedent of a school’s half-holiday for major public events had been set in 1911 when the American Great White Fleet visited Sydney. It was repeated in 1941 when the crew of HMAS Sydney paraded through the streets following the ship’s return from operations in the Mediterranean. Brad Manera, personal communication, August 2013.
72.	‘The Tank in Action’, Sydney Morning Herald, Monday 28 October 1918, p. 6 (Ref. A7318).
73.	Letter from Mr Macquire, Department of Defence, to Mr H.V. McKay, 9 January 1919 (Ref. B411/5/46; A2234).
74.	Apparently the finalisation of the tank’s use in the Sydney area was also beset with difficulties. Captain Brown was sent to Sydney in late November to arrange for the return of stores and equipment used in conjunction with the displays, and subsequently held in the Ordnance Store, to their private owners, and to ‘assist as far as possible in clearing up points under dispute between representatives of Jacks Day and Dependants’ (Chief of Ordnance instruction to Captain Brown, 28 November 1918, Ref. A2233).
75.	‘Tank Coming To Brisbane’, Brisbane Courier, Tuesday 8 October 1918, p. 6 (Ref A7311).
76.	Letter from Mr Longbottom, Secretary, the Motor Traders’ Association of Queensland, to H.V. McKay, Business Board of Administration, 5 November 1918 (Ref. A2238).
77.	Telegram H.V. McKay to Captain N.L. Brown, 6 November 1918 (Ref. A2238).
78.	Letter from H.V. McKay to Captain N.L. Brown, 13 November 1918 (Ref. A2233).
79.	The Mk. IV Female crew normally comprised eight personnel, four of whom were Lewis machine-gunners who were not required for crewing the tank in Australia. Hence, Brown and Fleming instructed four men under the command of a sergeant.
80.	Letter from Mr. G.D. Portus, YMCA, to Colonel H.W. Dangar, 5 December 1918 (Ref. A2233).
81.	Letter from Colonel H.W. Dangar, Chief of Ordnance, to Commandant, 1st Military District, 25 February 1919 (Ref. 411/5/53; A2235).
82.	File Note, 21 March 1919 (Ref. A2235).
83.	Minute from Colonel H.W. Dangar, Chief of Ordnance, to Commandant 3rd Military District. 27 March 1919 (Ref. B411/5/60; A2235). Quarantine restrictions were in place at each state border, adding several days to the trip.
84.	Undertaking by Hanlon and Baldwin to Assistant Quartermaster General, 1st Military District, 3 April 1919 (Ref. 411/5/62; A2235).
85.	‘Memorial Day Celebrations – Inspection of the Battle “Tank” – Arrangements for the Procession’, Brisbane Courier, Tuesday 22 April 1919, p. 6.
86.	Ibid.
87.	‘Wanton Attack on the Battle “Tank”’, Brisbane Courier, Saturday 26 April 1919, p. 4.
88.	References conflict on the date the crew returned to Melbourne. While one states that the crew returned on 10 and 12 May, the travelling allowance summary states that Hosking returned to Melbourne on 28 April, McDonald on 7 May, Cook on 8 May, and the remainder on 10 May. This seems to be at odds with the requirement to piquet the tank during its rail journey, which concluded on 12 May.
89.	‘March through the City’, the Argus, Monday 21 July 1919, p. 7 (Ref. A7432).
90.	Minute from Chief of Ordnance to Secretary, Department of Defence, ‘War Tank – Retention of Services of Captain Brown’, 28 June 1919 (Ref A559/11/205; A2148). Norman Brown had been seriously injured in an accident aboard his troopship and a steel plate had been inserted in his skull. He suffered debilitating headaches as a result.
91.	Military Board Agenda Number 176/19: War Tank – Retention of Services of Captain Brown.
92.	Minute from Chief of Ordnance to Commandant 3rd Military District, 9 September 1919 (Ref. 411/5/71; A2148).
93.	Ibid., Ref. B411/5/70; A2148.
94.	Minute from Secretary, Department of Defence to Chief of Ordnance, 18 September 1919 (Ref. 411/5/73; A2148).
95.	There is no indication of how this was achieved, but it is likely that Grit was driven the 8.5 kilometres.
96.	Minute from Commandant, 3rd Military District to Secretary Department of Defence, 22 September 1919 (Ref. 411/5/75; A2148).
97.	Minute from Commandant, 3rd Military District, to Chief of Ordnance and Secretary, Department of Defence, 29 October 1919 (Ref. 411/5/98; A2231).
98.	Letter from Mr Agar Wynne, MLA, to Secretary, Department of Defence, 29 October 1919 (Ref. A2231).
99.	The problem with the non-payment of the Brisbane trip accounts was not evident at that time.
100.	Telegram from Administrator, Rabaul, to Secretary, Department of Defence, Melbourne, 23 August 1920 (Ref. B411-5-102; A2228).
101.	The three claims were: £5500 for the tank, £1453-10-9 for equipment and £657-16-7 for the five Lewis light machine-guns with spares, totalling £7611-7-4. This was a slightly different itemisation to the original claims.
102.	Letter from OIC AIF Cadre, Administrative Headquarters, London, to Secretary, Department of Defence, Melbourne: ‘Tank and Accessories, etc, supplied by the Imperial Government for use in Australia’, 10 February 1921 (Ref. 411/5/117; A2228).
103.	Memorandum from Henry Gullett, Director, Australian War Museum to Secretary, Department of Defence, 23 February 1920 (Ref. 411/5/90; A2228).
104.	Minute from Chief of Ordnance to Secretary, Department of Defence, ‘War Tank – Transfer to Australian War Museum’, 2 March 1920 (Ref. B411/5/90; A2228).
105.	A roll of tape was also required to temporarily secure the water connections for the short trip through Melbourne to the Exhibition Buildings. The tape was sticky-backed and made of cloth which was wrapped around the radiator hose connections to prevent leakage during the short journey: a temporary ‘fix’.
106.	‘Items of Interest – Tank for War Museum’, the Argus, Saturday 15 October 1921, p. 20 (Ref. A7414).
107.	Major E.A. Wilton was the inventor of the Wilton trailer for the carriage of field artillery guns and limbers when towed behind a mechanical tractor. This was one of the earliest attempts in Australia to mechanise field artillery. Wilton died suddenly in early 1932.
108.	Internal memorandum, J.L. Treloar to ‘Nich’, 12 January 1932 (Ref. A2225). A footnote indicated that action had been taken to close the tank, and that pilfering was indicated as there were some minor parts left loose inside the tank, but that it was ‘impracticable to see whence they came’.
109.	NAA: B2455, Brown, N.L., item barcode 1800629.
110.	Ibid.
111.	The Sydney Morning Herald, 27April 1949, p. 14.
112.	Ibid., p. 24.
113.	www.ww2roll.gov.au
114.	The Port Melbourne Standard, 10 February 1914, p. 3.
115.	NAA: B2455 Dalton, R.T., item barcode 3484504.
116.	The Williamstown Chronicle, 12 August 1922, p. 2.
117.	www.ww2roll.gov.au
118.	www.ww2roll.gov.au
119.	NAA: B2455, Fleming, F. G., item barcode 3912451.
120.	ancestry.com.au
121.	NAA: B2455, Gifford, F. A., item barcode 5033507.
122.	The Border Watch, various dates 1920–61.
123.	H. Fairclough, Equal to the Task. The History of the Royal Australian Army Service Corps, F. W. Cheshire, Melbourne, 1962, pp. 9–10.
124.	NAA: B2455, Jackson, C.R., item barcode 7373005.
125.	ancestry.com.au
126.	Fairclough, Equal to the Task, pp. 9–10.
127.	NAA: B2455, Lord, D.B., item barcode 8204867.
128.	Ibid.
129.	ancestry.com.au
130.	D. Finlayson, Crumps and Camouflets, Australian Tunnelling Companies on the Western Front, Big Sky Publishing, Newport, 2010, pp. 61–62.
131.	NAA: B2455, McFadden, M.G., item barcode 1943168.
132.	ancestry.com.au
133.	NAA: B2455, Rowland, A.R., item barcode 8072228.
134.	ancestry.com. au
135.	www.ww2roll.gov.au
136.	NAA: B2455, Swain, H.S., item barcode 8070783.
137.	ancestry.com.au
138.	NAA: B4717, Cook, Stanley Brensley, item barcode 30107584.
139.	The Mercury, 2 June 1931, p. 9.
140.	NAA: B2455, Hosking, F. A., item barcode 5821871.
141.	The Argus, 7 October 1925, p. 17.
142.	NAA: B2455, Kubale, A.H., item barcode 7375558.
143.	The Argus, 24 November 1953, p. 9.
144.	www.ww2roll.gov.au
145.	NAA: B2455, Marnie, W. K., item barcode 8213727.
146.	R.J. Rayner, Darwin Detachment, A Military and Social History, Rudder Press, Wollongong, 2002.
147.	The Sydney Morning Herald, 20 February 1939, p. 12.
148.	www.ww2roll.gov.au
149.	ancestry.com.au
150.	Queenscliff Sentinel, 3 June 1916, p. 2.
151.	NAA: B2455, McDonald, E.Mc., item barcode 840129.
152.	The Argus, 3 February 1918, p. 4. His Military Medal was gazetted in the London Gazette, no. 30507 of 4 February.
153.	www.ww2roll.gov.au
154.	www.ww2roll.gov.au
155.	NAA: B4717, Nicholson William Davidson, item barcode 4169586. Nicholson’s enlistment documents give his year of birth as 1879. However, other evidence indicates that he was actually born in 1874.
156.	ancestry.com.au
157.	The Argus, 2 January 1925, p. 5.
158.	The Argus, 20 January 1925, p. 3.
159	These notes were part of a presentation to a meeting of Volunteer Defence Corps by Captain James in 1941. They provide brief insight into the organisation and operation of a Light Car Patrol as recalled by James.