Figures for illustrations are in italics. Abbreviations: Aragón (Ar.), Byzantium (Byz.), England (Eng.), France (Fr.), Holy Roman Empire (HRE), Jerusalem (Jeru.) and Scotland (Scot.).
Abd-al-Rāhman III 3, 75, 222, 224, 225
Abinger 285
Abū Yūsuf Ya’qūb, al-Mansūr 3, 223
Aclea, Battle of 135
Acre 13, 15, 40, 73, 77, 85, 181, 183, 184, 185, 313, 315
Adda, Battle of 68, 90, 106, 108
Adrianople, Battle of 12, 14, 87, 104, 106, 173, 248
adulterine castles 299
Aegelesthrep, Battle of 43, 133, 135
Aelle of Sussex 4, 133, 139, 140, 141
Aethelred II (Eng.) 4, 26, 29, 68, 88, 91, 122, 126
Aëtius 4, 12, 36, 64, 90, 104–5, 107
Afonso Enriques of Portugal 5, 8, 224, 225
Agincourt, Battle of 6, 18, 22, 45–6, 196–7, 245, 279
Aistulf of Lombardy 5, 72, 114, 117, 118
Albert II (HRE) 6
Alemans and Alemannia 19, 20, 25, 104, 109
Alexander II (Scot.) 6
Alexandretta, Battle of 232
Alexius I Comnenus (Byz.) 7, 150, 176, 182
Alexius IV Angelus (Byz.) 7, 174
Alexius V Dukas, Murzuphlus (Byz.) 7, 174
Alfonso I (Ar.), the Battler 7, 222, 225, 226
Alfonso III of Asturias 8
Alfonso VI of Castile 8, 31, 99, 222, 225, 297
Alfonso VII of Castile 8, 224, 225, 314
Alfonso VIII of Castile 3, 8, 17, 223, 224
Alfonso IX the Slobberer of Castile 315
Alfonso XI of Castile 8, 9, 223, 225
Alfred the Great 9, 122, 126, 134, 135, 137
Aljubarrota, Battle of 54, 223
Almoravid dynasty 31, 99, 222, 223
Amalasuntha 10
Anatolia 7, 10, 11, 15, 16, 17, 25, 52
Anchialus, Battle of 27, 88, 99
Andernach, Battle of 24, 69, 116
Andronicus I Comnenus (Byz.) 10–11
Andronicus II Palaeologus (Byz.) 11, 171
Andronicus III Palaeologus (Byz.) 11, 171, 177
Anghiari, Battle of 232
angon 240
Angoulême, Battle of 116
Antioch 3, 10, 13, 15, 17, 25, 38, 55, 72, 75, 76, 78, 185
antrustiones 273
Aquitaine 19, 20, 21, 24, 44, 49, 71, 105
Arabs 27, 28, 48, 55, 106, 107, 309
Arcadiopolis, Battle of 14, 173
archers 260, 272, 275, 277; see also bows
Armenia and Armenians 9, 25, 27, 184–5
armies 9, 23, 24, 28, 44, 47, 270, 271–80; see also Great Army
armour 102, 110, 112, 120, 130, 156, 165, 180, 192, 220, 228, 245, 250, 251–61, 264, 270; see also helmets
arms 120, 130, 180, 192, 239–40, 270
arquebus 240
Arques-la-Bataille 37, 43, 95, 144, 147, 152, 285
arrière-ban 273
Arsuf, Battle of 77, 85, 183, 185–6, 274, 315
Artevelde, Philip van (Filthy Phil) 205
Arthur 10, 11, 133–4, 136, 249
artillery 24, 34, 161, 164, 165, 295, 299; see also cannons
Ascalon 10, 13, 38, 80, 89, 186
Assise sur la ligece 10
Assize of Arms 255
Atella, Battle of 232
Attila the Hun 5, 12, 36, 64, 90, 91, 104–5, 106, 107, 108, 174
Aussitz 161
Austrasia 23, 71, 105, 109, 113
Avars 21, 48, 54, 62, 170, 174
axes 60, 91, 151, 199, 239, 240–1, 243
Ayn Jalut, Battle of 15, 74, 184, 186
Baldwin I (Byz.) 12, 17, 171, 172, 174, 177, 265
Baldwin I (Jeru.) 12, 13, 182, 189, 190
Baldwin III (Jeru.) 10, 13, 186
Baldwin IV (Jeru.) 10, 13, 189
Baldwin VII of Flanders 22
Balearic Islands 16, 39, 50, 106, 107, 222, 247
balearic sling 300
Balian II of Ibelin 13, 188, 189
balistas 50, 118, 127, 161, 241, 242, 284, 300, 301
Balkans 5, 12, 15, 49, 54, 63, 69, 104, 160, 170, 173, 175
Bamburgh 50, 81, 134, 135, 146, 147
Bannockburn, Battle of 30, 31, 56, 79, 210, 211, 246
Banoguil Castle 286
Barcelona 8, 9, 12, 21, 116–17, 302
Bardas Phokas (Byz.) 14, 15, 28, 173
Bardas Sclerus (Byz.) 14, 15, 173
Barnet, Battle of 31, 46, 65, 78, 94, 211–12
Barons’ Wars 65
Basil II (Byz.) 14, 15, 28, 173, 178
Basque region and Basques 8, 21, 49, 76, 189, 294
bastion 300
battering rams 108, 118, 191, 232, 284, 304, 308
Baugé, Battle of 197
Bavaria 20, 21, 44, 89, 115, 158
Baybars I 15, 59, 74, 184, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 292
Bayezit I 15, 16, 53, 89, 174, 177, 185, 190
Beaufort, Edmund 16
Beauvais 197
Bedford, John duke of 207
Béla IV of Hungary 70, 160, 162
belfries 31, 109, 127, 147, 149, 161, 186–7, 188, 189, 191, 198, 202, 203, 224, 226, 232, 247, 284, 300
Belisarius 16, 25, 54–5, 105, 107, 108, 109, 170, 178
Benevento, Battle of 21, 23, 60, 232
Beorhford, Battle of 135
Bergfried 300
Biedanheafde, Battle of 136
bill (billhook) 241
Billington, Battle of 136
Black Death 9, 30, 52, 195, 201, 211, 223
Black Prince see Edward the Black Prince
Blanche of Castile (Fr.) 17
Bled 286
Blore Heath, Battle of 12, 46, 85, 212
Boabdil (Muhammed XII) 17, 66, 224, 285
Bodiam Castle 286
Bodrum Castle 286
Bohemia 6, 26, 35, 53, 94, 159, 161, 165
Bohemond of Taranto 17, 55, 176, 182, 187, 189
bolts 241
Boniface II of Montferrat 17–18
Borgia, Cesare 18, 231, 249, 298
Boroughbridge, Battle of 30, 56, 210, 212, 246
Bosworth, Battle of 47, 67, 92, 211, 212
Boucicaut, Marshal 6, 18, 22, 190
Bouillon Castle 286
Bourgthéroulde, Battle of 43, 93, 97, 146, 147–8
Bouvines, Battle of 19, 34, 51, 59, 70, 73, 77, 159, 194, 197–8, 242, 293
Bramham Moor, Battle of 45, 67, 213
brattice 301
Brémule, Battle of 43, 58, 97, 146, 148, 194, 198, 279
Breteuil 198
bretwaldas 3, 20, 74, 133, 141
Brittany and Bretons 10, 22, 24, 34, 67, 116, 144, 204
Buckingham, Duke of 18, 78, 211
Bulgars and Bulgaria 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 27, 28, 55, 170, 171, 172, 175, 178
Burghausen Castle 286
Burgundy and Burgundians 4, 5, 12, 19, 22, 23, 24, 26, 31, 46, 59, 104, 161, 196, 202, 277
Busta Gallorum, Battle of 55, 91, 106–7
Byzantines and Byzantium 5, 9, 10, 13, 15, 27, 63, 103, 123, 106, 152, 169–73, 244, 338, 351
caballeros 273
Caernarvon Castle 287
Calais 30, 46, 73, 94, 98, 196, 198–9, 308
Calamandrino the engineer 161, 232
Camlann, Battle of 11, 134, 136
Candé 199
Cane, Facino 19–20, 42, 92, 233
Cangrande della Scala 19
Cannae, Battle of 63, 75, 145, 148
cannons 26, 63, 165, 174, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 206, 215, 216, 223, 233, 234, 240, 284, 286, 293, 301, 302, 303, 305; see also Bureau brothers
Capetian dynasty 48, 49, 79, 190, 193–5, 204, 353
capitularies 21, 24, 242, 254, 279
Caravaggio, Battle of 232, 243
Carisbrooke Castle 287
Carloman, brother of Charlemagne 19–20, 21, 49, 114
Carloman, brother of Pepin the Short 5, 20, 114
Carloman/Pepin, son of Charlemagne 20, 21, 114–15, 116
Carolingians 5, 23, 48, 69, 113–16, 346
carroccio 152, 161–2, 163, 233, 234, 273–4
Carthage 36, 55, 106, 107, 233
Cassel, Battles of: 1071 73, 97; 1328 73, 195, 199
Castel del Monte 287
Castel Sant’Angelo 287
Castello Sforzesco 287
Castillon, Battle of 196, 199, 254
castles 30, 34, 35, 35, 44, 73, 80, 96, 146, 282, 283–305
Catalan Company 11, 82, 93, 171, 275
Catalaunian Plains, Battle of 5, 12, 64, 90, 104, 105, 107
Cathar heresy 17, 189, 190, 195
cavalry 24, 25, 56, 67, 75, 146, 196, 220, 239–40, 244–5, 274, 312
Ceawlin of Wessex 20, 133, 137, 138
Cerignola, Battle of 233
Charlemagne 19, 20–2, 23, 29, 37, 38, 49, 58, 60, 68, 70, 83, 95, 113–16, 117, 118, 119, 134, 157, 242, 249, 256, 258, 333
Charles I (the Good) of Flanders 22, 97
Charles IV (HRE) 22, 79, 161, 291
Charles VI (Fr.) 6, 22, 23, 53, 203, 205
Charles VII (Fr.) 23, 34, 50–1, 53, 61, 165, 196, 197, 200, 204, 206, 207, 275, 277, 288, 292
Charles VIII (Fr.) 230–1, 232, 234, 285, 292
Charles Martel 20, 23, 74, 105, 109–10, 114, 222
Charles of Anjou 11, 13, 17, 23, 27, 60, 65, 171, 195, 231, 232, 233, 235–6, 257, 287
Charles of Blois 39, 204, 205, 206
Charles the Bald 23, 67, 71, 74, 116, 117, 126, 127
Charles the Bold of Burgundy 16, 24, 35, 59, 161, 162, 164, 196, 197, 202, 203, 204, 240, 244, 246, 256, 290
Château-Gaillard 19, 73, 77, 199, 288
Chepstow Castle 288
chevauchées 31, 37, 39, 205, 279
Chillon Castle 288
Chilperic II 39
Chinon 288
Chosroes I 16, 25, 54, 55, 74, 170
Chosroes II 25
Cirencester, Battle of 133, 134, 137
Civetate, Battle of 81, 145, 149
Civetot, Battle of 55, 93, 182, 186
Cleobury, Battle of 137
Clontarf, Battle of 86, 113, 123, 124
Clovis I 24, 25, 39, 88, 104–5, 109, 110
Cnut the Great (Eng.) 4, 26, 29, 38, 68, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 134, 293
Cochem Castle 288
Colchester Castle 95, 289, 293
Colleoni, Bartolomeo 26, 36, 228
comitatus 274
Comneni dynasty 10, 171, 338, 351
Conan I of Brittany 35, 117, 199
concentric castles 284, 288, 293, 296, 301
condottieri 19, 26, 36, 42, 50, 85, 92, 230, 232, 274
Conquereux, Battle of 35, 117, 199–200
Conrad III (HRE) 26–7, 159, 166, 183, 186, 187
Conrad of Montferrat 13, 17, 40, 49
Constantine I the Great 27, 170
Constantine V Copronymus (Byz.) 27
Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus (Byz.) 28, 83
Constantine VIII (Byz.) 15, 28
Constantine IX Monomachus (Byz.) 28, 61, 100
Constantine XI Palaeologus Dragases (Byz.) 28–9, 174
Constantinople 3, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 27, 28, 37, 39, 51, 52, 53, 55, 61, 63, 64, 65, 66, 88, 91, 103, 124, 169–73, 174, 176, 182, 183, 302, 305, 308
Córdoba, Gonzalo de 232, 234, 235
Cortenuova, Battle of 35, 159, 161–2, 233
counter castles 147, 148, 149, 153, 154, 301–2
Courtrai, Battle of 73, 195, 200, 243–4, 246, 270, 278
coustels and coustillers 242, 277
Crecganford, Battle of 43, 133, 137
Crécy, Battle of 22, 30, 31, 53, 73, 195, 200, 242, 245
crossbows 19, 37, 39, 64, 77, 148, 198, 199, 200, 204, 217, 238, 241, 242, 247, 277, 286, 306
Crusades: Albigensian 59, 65–6, 73, 76, 184, 189, 190, 204, 294; Baltic 45, 162, 184, 301, 304, 313, 315–16; Children’s 183; Fifth 9, 12, 51, 183, 186, 230; First 3, 7, 12, 17, 38, 49, 55, 60, 72, 78, 80, 89, 96, 98, 146, 182, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189, 190; Fourth 7, 17, 65, 73, 171, 174, 183; general 11, 15, 16, 17, 18, 30, 31, 34, 35, 50, 53, 61, 66, 74, 96, 146, 171, 181–5, 223, 284, 339; Nicopolis 16, 18, 31, 53, 86, 184, 190; People’s 3, 55, 72, 93, 182, 186; St Louis’ 6, 23, 31, 59, 180, 184, 188, 189, 190, 195, 279; Second 5, 13, 26, 58, 61, 67–8, 75, 76, 82, 93, 183, 186, 187, 194, 224; Third 40, 49, 73, 77, 85, 183, 185, 188, 190
Ctesiphon, Battle of 25, 54, 170
cuir bouilli 247, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 259
curtain 302
Curzola, Battle of 233
Cyprus 7, 13, 27, 40, 75, 77, 183, 279
Dagworth, Thomas 206
Damascus 9, 13, 15, 25, 26, 27, 58, 68, 74, 183, 186
Damietta 9, 10, 51, 59, 180, 183, 184, 186–7
Damme, Battle of 19, 34, 73, 77
Degsastan, Battle of 137
Denmark and Danes 9, 18, 21, 26, 29, 38, 41, 60, 104, 123
Desiderius of Lombardy 21, 29, 114, 117
Deutschbrod 162
dismounted knights or men-at-arms 42, 46, 125, 147, 148, 151, 153, 163, 165, 196, 199, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 212, 213, 214, 216, 232, 234
Dorylaeum 17, 38, 55, 182, 183, 187
Drachenfels Castle 290
drawbridge 302
Dupplin Moor, Battle of 213
Durben, Battle of 162
Ecgfrith of Northumbria 140, 141
Edessa 10, 12, 13, 25, 55, 60, 61, 79, 99, 183, 187
Edgecote Moor, Battle of 213
Edington, Battle of 9, 134, 137
Edmund II Ironside (Eng.) 25, 29, 126, 140, 248
Edward I (Eng.) 8, 15, 30, 44, 57, 73, 79, 93, 184, 195, 210, 213–14, 215–16, 218, 268, 276, 278, 284, 286, 287, 289, 290, 293, 296, 297, 300, 301
Edward II (Eng.) 30, 210, 211, 273, 287
Edward III (Eng.) 30, 37, 73, 195, 198–9, 200, 205, 206, 210–11, 213, 214, 265, 266, 267, 293, 299, 302, 308
Edward IV (Eng.) 18, 24, 30–1, 33, 46, 67, 94, 196, 211–12, 215, 216, 218–19
Edward the Black Prince 6, 30, 31, 39, 71, 200, 205, 206, 211, 224–5, 255–6, 257, 279
Edward the Confessor 38, 41, 48, 79, 134, 144
Edward the Elder (Eng.) 4, 9, 29–30, 134
Egypt and Egyptians 5, 10, 12, 15, 25, 68, 85, 106, 189
Ellendun, Battle of 138
en bec 302
England 122, 131–4, 136, 210–11, 335, 341, 348, 349, 354
Enrique II de Trastámara 30, 32, 39, 71, 224–5
Erik (Haroldson) Bloodaxe 32, 38, 42, 127, 154
Eustace the Monk 218
Evesham, Battle of 30, 44, 66, 210, 213
Falkirk, Battle of 30, 93, 213–14
Fatimid dynasty 10, 60, 67, 85, 190, 191
Fauconberg, the Bastard 33, 215
Fawkes de Bréauté 33, 212, 215
federates 275
feigned flights 151, 152, 163, 186, 203, 233, 274
Ferdinand I of Castile 33
Ferdinand II (Ar.) (and Isabella of Castile) 17, 33, 224, 225, 285, 293
Ferdinand III of Castile 33, 222
Ferrand of Portugal, Count of Flanders 33, 197–8
Fethanleag, Battle of 20, 133, 138
feudalism 146, 271, 274, 275, 280, 301, 304
fief-rente 275
Field of Blood, Battle of the 187
firearms 243
Flanders and Flemish 12, 24, 33, 98, 195, 197–8, 200, 203, 205, 270
fleets and navies 9, 10, 14, 15, 19, 21, 52, 75, 82, 83, 104, 107, 134, 174, 177, 191, 307–10
Florence 36, 42, 47, 60, 63, 230–1, 232, 233, 234, 274
Fontenoy, Battle of 23, 71, 117
Formigny, Battle of 196, 200–1
Fornham, Battle of 210, 214, 217
Fornovo, Battle of 234
forts, fortresses and fortifications 21, 24, 38, 41, 52, 53, 55, 62, 63, 114, 123, 127, 135, 180, 192, 282, 302; see also castles; Saxon Shore
France 117, 158, 193–6, 340, 353
Francia 4, 5, 24, 25, 64, 113–16, 122–3, 248–9
François de Surienne 34
Franks 4, 5, 7, 21, 104–5, 243
Frederick I Barbarossa (HRE) 27, 34, 47, 159, 161, 163–4, 183, 231, 234, 235, 298, 337
Frederick II (HRE) 9, 23, 27, 34–5, 51, 70, 98, 146, 159, 161–2, 164–5, 183, 229, 231, 232, 233, 274, 287, 315
Frederick III (HRE) 35, 204, 292
Frederick of Habsburg of Austria 19, 53, 57, 164, 165
Fréteval, Battle of 63, 73, 77, 201
Frigidius, Battle of 5, 91, 107–8
Froissart, Jean 206
Fulk III Nerra 35, 117, 118, 199–200, 203, 284, 285, 289, 292, 294, 296
Fulk V (I of Jeru.) 10, 13, 26, 43, 146, 147, 148, 199, 285
Gaiseric 36, 39, 91, 99, 106, 108
Galford, Battle of 138
Gallic warrior 102
Garigliano, Battle of 234
Gate Fulford, Battle of 41, 42, 125, 127
Gattamelata 36
Gaul and Gauls 4, 5, 12, 25, 104
Gaunt, John of 32, 36–7, 39, 78, 224
Genoa 19, 23, 65, 177, 230, 232, 233, 235, 236, 309
Geoffrey I Villhardouin 37, 97
Geoffrey V le Bel 36, 37, 62, 86, 93, 146, 147, 203, 247, 259, 264, 265, 279, 285, 289, 294, 302, 319
Geoffrey de Mandeville 37
Geoffrey Martel 35, 36, 43, 149, 152, 153, 288, 289
Geoffrey de Mandeville 86, 148, 286
George Brankovic, Despot of Serbia 173, 175
Gerberoi, Battle of 73, 80, 95, 96
Germany and Germans 35, 44, 104, 117, 158, 337, 350
glaives 243
Godfrey de Bouillon 12, 38, 182, 186, 187, 286
Godfrid of Denmark 21, 37–8, 126
Gonzaga, Francesco 234, 274, 293
Goths 4, 27, 29, 104, 106–7, 108, 170
Granada 8, 17, 33, 50, 66, 71, 223, 224
Grandson, Battle of 24, 161, 162, 196, 280
Greek Fire 28, 37, 64, 124, 150, 187, 189, 198, 203, 284, 294, 301, 302, 308
Gregory I (pope) 39
Guesclin, Bertrand du 32, 39, 71, 202, 205, 224–5
Guinegate, Battle of 59, 63, 196
guisarme 244
Gundobad the Vandal 39
Guntram Boso 40
Guy I (Jeru.) 13, 40, 49, 75, 85, 183, 188, 190
Guy de Brionne of Burgundy 40–1, 144, 148, 153
Habsburgs 6, 22, 35, 84, 90, 159, 161, 290
Hafrsfjord, Battle of 42, 123, 125
Hákon Sigurdsson, Jarl 125, 128
Hákon of Orkney 41
Halidon Hill, Battle of 30, 214
Hals, Battle of 125
Hälsingborg 290
hammers 244
handguns 175, 199, 233, 243, 277
Harclay, Andrew 212
Harold I Harefoot (Eng.) 26, 38
Harold II Godwinson (Eng.) 38, 41, 42, 95, 127–8, 134, 144, 150–1, 154, 276, 289, 295
Harold III Hardrada 38, 41, 42, 60, 88, 122, 124, 125, 126, 127–8, 134, 144, 154
Harold Bluetooth 32, 38, 41, 123–4, 125, 126, 127, 128
Harold Finehair 32, 42, 83, 123, 125
Hastings, Battle of, and castle of 41, 89, 95, 97, 144, 150–1, 242, 256, 264, 276, 291, 304
Hatfield Chase, Battle of 71, 138
Hattin, Battle of 13, 40, 49, 75, 84, 85, 183, 188, 190, 315
Haut Koenisbourg 291
Heavenfield, Battle of the 138
Hedgeley Moor, Battle of 65, 214
helmets 151, 196, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256–7, 259, 260–1, 264, 265–6, 312
Hengest and Horsa 42–3, 92, 132–3, 135, 137, 141
Henry I (Eng.) 16, 36, 37, 43, 49, 58, 80, 93, 97, 146, 147, 148, 149, 153, 264, 275, 278, 285, 289, 290
Henry I (Fr.) 43, 144, 152, 153, 163, 194
Henry I the Fowler (HRE) 38, 43–4, 158, 298
Henry II (Eng.) 16, 44, 62, 87, 146, 154, 194, 210, 214, 217, 289, 294, 295
Henry II of Bavaria 44
Henry II (HRE) the Saint 26, 44, 286
Henry III (Eng.) 6, 17, 33, 44–5, 57, 59, 195, 206, 212, 215, 259, 260, 289–90
Henry IV Bolingbroke (Eng.) 6, 45, 46, 48, 70, 78, 158, 160, 211, 215, 217, 218, 298, 316
Henry IV (HRE) 38, 45, 46, 48, 57, 81, 162, 287
Henry V (Eng.) 6, 22, 23, 45–6, 53, 196–7, 201, 202–3, 205–6, 211, 218, 265, 266, 267, 278, 285, 298
Henry V (HRE) 46, 146, 158, 290
Henry VI (Eng.) 12, 16, 18, 22, 31, 34, 46, 62, 94, 98–9, 211, 213, 214, 216, 217–18, 219
Henry VI (HRE) 46, 47, 77, 159, 298
Henry VII (Eng.) 18, 46–7, 67, 78, 94, 211, 212, 218
Henry Grosmont of Lancaster 160, 205
Henry of Champagne (Jeru.) 40, 49
Henry the Lion of Saxony 34, 46, 47, 163, 234
Henry the Wrangler of Bavaria 69, 70, 158
Heraclius (Byz.) 25, 47, 74, 170
heralds and heraldry 37, 152, 257, 259, 260, 262, 263–8, 280, 286
Herbert Wakedog of Maine 35, 117–18
Hereward the Wake 48, 95, 145, 150
Herman of Luxembourg 48
Herrings, Battle of the 201
Herstmonceux Castle 291
Hexamilion Wall 28, 61, 66, 175
Hjórungavágr, Battle of 125, 126
hobelars 276
Hochosterwitz Castle 291
Hohenburg, Battle of 162
Hohen-Mölsen, Battle of 45, 158, 162
Hohenstaufen (Staufen) family 26, 57, 159, 231, 236, 350
Holy Roman Empire 6, 8, 69, 157–61
Homildon Hill, Battle of 48, 211, 214–15
Homs, Battle of 68, 74, 184, 188
Hospitallers 188, 260, 292, 295, 313, 314–15
Hotspur, Henry Percy 45, 48, 214–15, 216, 218
household troops 272, 273, 276
Hugh Capet (Fr.) 48, 193–4, 202
Hugh du Puiset 49, 58, 73, 194
Humphrey of Toron 49
Hunald I and II of Aquitaine 20, 49, 114
Hundred Years’ War 18, 23, 30, 32, 34, 39, 46, 51, 53, 54, 71, 73, 86, 165, 195, 197, 199, 200, 204, 223, 224, 243, 244, 245, 309
Hungary and Hungarians 6, 23, 35, 45, 49, 49, 56, 61, 105, 159, 160, 163, 172, 177, 182, 243; see also Pannonia
Hunyadi, John 49, 63, 160, 175, 185, 191
Hussites 35, 74, 86, 94, 160, 161, 162, 165–6, 184, 240, 243
Hüsterknupp 291
Iberia 3, 7, 33, 106, 115, 221–3, 314, 342
Idle, Battle of the River 138
indentures 276
interregnum in Germany 27, 70, 84, 159
Ireland 31, 44, 47, 51, 78, 79, 86, 87, 98, 124, 128, 210
Isaac II Angelus (Byz.) 7, 11, 17, 174
Isabella I of Castile 50, 225; see also Ferdinand II
Islam 27, 106, 171, 178, 182–5
Italy 5, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20, 23, 24, 26, 29, 39, 68, 90, 97, 104, 145, 158, 229–31, 336, 343
Ivar Yngvarr 50
Jaime I (Ar.) 8, 15, 50, 195, 204, 222–3, 247, 301, 302, 319
Jeanne Laisné (Hachette) 197
Jengland, Battle of 117
Jerusalem, city and kingdom 3, 10, 13, 23, 25, 27, 35, 36, 38, 85, 99, 182–4, 188, 264, 313, 339, 352
Joanna II of Naples 50
Joan of Arc 23, 50–1, 192, 196, 197, 201, 204, 207, 288
John (Eng.) 6, 19, 33, 51, 57, 59, 73, 77, 146, 197–8, 210, 212, 217, 218, 287, 288, 289, 290, 296
John I de Brienne (Byz./Jeru.) 12, 51, 186
John I Tzimisces (Byz.) 14, 28, 51, 173
John II Comnenus (Byz.) 7, 10, 52
John II the Good (Fr.) 18, 52, 195, 198, 205
John II Asen of Bulgaria 90, 175
John III Dukas Vatatzes (Byz.) 52
John VI Cantacuzenus (Byz.) 52
John VII Palaeologus (Byz.) 52–3
John VIII Palaeologus (Byz.) 28, 53
John of Luxembourg (Blind) 53
John the Fearless of Burgundy 23, 53, 190
Jómsborg and Jómsvikings 91, 125, 126
Julian the Apostate (Byz.) 54, 170
Justin II (Byz.) 54
Justinian I (Byz.) 10, 15, 16, 25, 54–5, 107, 170, 176, 178
Justinian II (Byz.) 55
Kalamata, Battle of 175
Kalka, Battle of 172
Karlštejn 291
keeps 303
Kerbogha of Mosul 55, 72, 185, 187
Kirby Muxloe Castle 292
Klokotnitsa, Battle of 175
knighthood and knighting 13, 41, 144, 312
Kosedag, Battle of 175
Krak des Chevaliers 15, 183, 188, 282, 292, 314
Krum of Bulgaria 55, 56, 172, 178
Ladislas of Naples and Hungary 56
La Forbie see Harbiya, Battle of
Lake Peipus, Battle of 66, 160, 162, 172, 316
Lancaster, Thomas Earl of 30, 56, 210, 212
Lancastrians 12, 16, 31, 33, 45, 46, 47, 65, 218, 354
lances 97, 243, 244–5, 257, 277, 279, 312
Laon 202
Larissa 176