A
Aalu sarson ki sabzi (potato/mustard seeds), 99
Abies pindrow, 47, 50, 189, 365, 372, 421–423
Acacia catechu, 189, 330, 364, 372, 419
Acer, 3
caesium Wall. ex Brandis, 372, 423
cappadocicum, 423
oblongum Wall. ex DC., 372, 468, 469
pectinatum Wall. ex G. Nicholson, 372
Achyranthes bidentata, 330, 372, 421, 422
Aconitum heterophyllum, 4, 50, 121, 122, 138, 146, 153, 154, 159, 177, 183, 187, 190, 422, 423
Acorus calamus, 50, 153, 177, 178, 186, 187, 191, 330
Adiantum venustum, 422
Aegle marmelos, 50, 172, 177, 186, 187, 192, 330, 426
Aerial parts, 161, 175, 180, 181, 258, 328
Ageratina adenophora, 439
Ageratum conyzoides L., 178, 192, 331, 439
Agriculture, 14, 15, 24, 29, 117, 136, 363–365, 464
field, 172, 361, 367, 460, 464
intensification, 19
pastoral community, 136
Agro-climatic conditions, 19, 23
Agropastoralism, 15
Agro-technology, 163
Ajuga bracteata, 178
Alexipharmic treatment, 297
Alimanty diseases, 328
Alkaloids morphine, 321
Allium, 42, 51, 123, 144, 174, 183, 193, 194, 305, 329–332, 374
govanianum, 159
humile, 153
Allopathic medicine/treatment, 188, 329
Alnus nitida, 421
Aloe barbadensis, 153, 159, 173, 194
Alpha-pinene, 367
marshes, 117
meadows, 118, 139, 173, 359, 361, 430, 437, 438, 452, 462
pasture, 120, 152, 424, 425, 438, 439, 453
plant communities, 120
screes, 121
zone, 3, 41, 115–117, 139, 154–159, 187
Altitude grazing lands, 118
medicinal plants, 165
Altitudinal range, 119, 156, 358, 359
Amaranthus, 53, 179, 183, 195, 332
viridis L, 47
Ambua, 101
Amchi medicine, 17, 158, 160, 168
Amshavan, 319
Amshumat, 319
Analgesic, 171, 177, 201, 300, 315, 321
Anaphalis, 120, 183, 195, 196, 332, 374
Anaphalis cuneifolia, 120
Ancient rituals, 411
spirits, 414
woodland, 25
Andrographis paniculata, 177, 179, 187, 196
Andropogon munroi, 361
Anemone, 4, 120, 196, 197, 332
Anemone rivularis, 120
Angelica archangelica, 120, 197
Angelica glauca, 54, 120, 121, 138, 153, 159, 184, 197, 329, 423
Angiosperm, 421
Animal grazing, 439
healthy, 327
husbandry, 5, 20, 21, 136, 361
interact, 20
Anorexia, 131, 302, 331, 332, 341, 351
Anthelmintic, 179, 191, 194, 198, 201, 205–209, 221, 223, 232, 240, 241, 248, 252, 258, 268, 269, 302
Anthropogenic disturbance, 410, 424, 438
influence, 27
interferences, 307
Anthropologists, 448, 458, 463
Antiasthmatic, 305
Anti-inflammatory, 177, 299–301
Antioxidant properties, 297
Antipyretic/anticonvulsant activity, 301
Antipyretics, 177
Antirheumatic drug, 167, 297, 305
Antiseptic, 128, 170, 177, 202, 238, 245
Aphrodisiac, 172, 181, 193, 201, 205, 213, 222, 258, 297, 299–302, 304
Apiaceae, 116, 123, 125, 127, 130–133, 137, 159, 174, 180, 181, 328
Apium graveolens, 153
Appetizer, 138, 171, 190, 191, 206, 228, 229, 243, 247, 248, 251, 262, 267, 301–304
Arabidopsis himalaica, 41, 54, 213
Archaeological records, 33
study, 320
Archangelica himalaica, 153
Architectural heritage, 33
styles, 26
Arid lands, 20
Arisaema jacquemontii Blume, 47, 54
Arnebia benthamii, 123, 138, 178, 184
Aromatic plants, 118, 169, 171, 174, 184, 188, 359
Artemisia, 54, 153, 174, 181, 183, 198–200, 328, 333, 374
Artemisia absinthium, 153
Arthritis, 17, 171, 174, 177, 190, 206, 219, 236, 250, 258, 302, 328, 331, 337
Artistic creation, 14
Aryan shamanism, 323
vedic culture, 317
Ashada Poornima, 412
Ashtavarga, 4–7, 293–295, 303, 306–308
churna, 306
herbs, 304
Asparagus adscendens, 54, 153, 303, 333, 375, 468–470
racemosus, 173, 177, 187, 200, 296, 303, 375
Ashtavarga species, 297
malaxis muscifera, 300
polygonatum cirrhifolium, 301–302
polygontum verticillatum, 300–301
Asteraceae, 46, 116, 122–128, 133, 134, 137, 174–176, 180–184, 328, 421
Asthma, 17, 123, 125, 133, 166, 171, 174, 181, 189, 191–193, 201–209, 212, 215224, 226, 229–233, 238, 245, 251, 252, 258, 262, 263, 267, 270, 297, 302, 304
Astragalus, 4, 55, 121, 123, 143, 174, 183, 201, 360, 375
Astringent, 171, 189, 190, 197, 202, 205, 211–215, 234, 242, 246, 250, 251, 259, 268, 299
Aswamedha Yagna, 320
Athyrium attenuatum, 422
Austro-Asiatic language family, 22
Avalanches, 439
Ayurveda, 308
Ayurvedic formulation, 306
physicians, 308
texts, 295
B
Bistoria macrophylla, 120
Berberis umbellata, 120
Bistorta vivipara, 120
Babila ghass, 165
Babroo, 101
Babru, 40
Bacopa monnierii, 153
Baglamukhi, 425
Baltistan, 16
Balya Rasayana, 303
Banis, 438
Bankh ki sabzi, 99
Banraut, 17
Baries, 107
Baril, 100
Barleria prionitis L, 178, 202
Barley grains, 105
Bathua ki sabzi, 99
Bauhinia purpurea L, 55, 178, 376
variegata L, 103, 153, 203, 334, 376
Bedding material, 361, 362, 431, 472
Beedis, 136
Belize stone collection, 35
Belizean culture, 35
Berberis, 4, 46, 108, 120–124, 153, 181, 183, 186, 187, 203, 307, 328, 335, 364, 421, 422, 468–470
jaeschikeana, 120
Bergenia ciliata, 47, 181, 335
Beta-pinene, 367
Betula, 4, 56, 124, 138, 145, 153, 177, 335, 456
Bhat ke dubake, 98
Bhavaprakasa Nighantu, 303
Bhoska, 17
Bhotia, 15, 17, 121, 135, 136, 152, 155, 176, 180, 361
Bhotiya tribal community, 121, 364
Bhoxa community, 135
Bhunda, 423
Bidens bipinnata, 177
Biochemical investigation, 42
Biodiversity, 4–8, 22–24, 36, 37, 117, 121, 152, 156, 169, 178, 410–414, 419, 423, 424, 428–430, 446–451, 457, 460, 468, 471–473
conservation, 410, 411, 424, 429, 448, 472
heritage sites (BHS), 446, 449–451, 455, 467, 468, 472
Management Committee (BMC), 446, 450, 451
Biological diversity, 14, 167, 464, 468
water humor, 322
Biomedicines, 329
Bistorta affinis, 57, 120, 124, 204
Blisters, 171, 183, 190, 197, 230, 241, 258, 265 , 328–331, 338, 340, 343, 353
Blood purifier, 123, 202, 209, 223–228, 231, 233, 249, 253, 268, 269, 301, 331
Boenninghausenia albiflora, 205, 362
Boerhavia diffusa, 57, 179, 187, 468
Bombax ceiba, 57, 205, 329, 377, 426, 438
Bone fracture, 125, 174, 181, 245, 265, 268, 328–331, 336, 337, 341
Botanical curiosities, 168
identity, 168, 295, 297, 314, 318
Botany, 1, 11, 39, 115, 149, 274, 313, 325
Boti, 17
Brahini gutika, 306
Brahmakamal, 438, 452, 453, 460, 462
Brahmanas, 315
Brahmanical gods, 151
Brassica campastris, 41
Breeding pools, 437
British colonialism, 31
Bromus, 4
Bronchodilator activity, 301
Buckwheat Seed flour, 48
Buddhism, 12–15, 26, 135, 410, 411, 424, 437
Buddhist community, 173
Budnamel, 46
Buds/pseudostems, 328
Bugyals, 116, 118, 120, 430, 437
Bugyals-Alpine meadows, 120
Bunium persicum, 58, 153, 186, 205
Burman, 5, 12, 15, 22, 64, 136
Burning sensation, 213, 231, 262, 265, 299–302
Butea monosperma, 58, 172, 438
Butter milk, 105
Butterfly corridor, 35
C
Caesalpiniaceae, 46
Calotropis gigantea, 153
Cannabaceae family, 369
Cannabis, 47, 58, 101, 206, 315, 319–321, 337, 363, 378
Cannabis sativa, 47, 58, 101, 315, 319, 321, 337, 363
Capsella bursa-pastoris, 58, 178, 207, 337
Carbon stock potential, 429
Carcinoma, 177
Carminative, 189, 205, 210, 223, 240, 249, 268, 304
Carpinus viminea, 338, 365, 423, 468, 470
Cassia fistula, 153, 177, 187, 207, 338, 419, 426
Cassiope fastigata, 120
Caste equity, 427
Catharanthus pusillus, 439
Cedrus deodara, 48, 305, 365–68, 379, 414–417, 419, 421–423, 428, 456, 460, 463, 468, 469
Centella asiatica, 172, 177, 178, 187, 339
Central nervous system (CNS), 315
Cereal crops, 137
Cereals production, 117
Cha Kholak, 100
Chacha, 102
Champa, 17
Chandramah, 319
Chappatis, 106
Chaulai ka bhat, 98
Chaulai ki kheer, 98
Chaulai leaves, 47
Chemical constituents, 43, 294, 298
industry, 367
Chemoprofile, 43
Chenopodium, 44, 46, 60, 99, 209, 339, 439
Chhola roti, 98
Chilblains, 182
Chilgoza nut, 47
Chitrakadi taila, 306
Chlorophytum arundinaceum, 296, 304
Chronic digestive problems, 17
Chronic fever, 177
Chrysanthemum leaves, 105
pyrethroides, 360
Chubtsos, 100
Chuli Chhu, 100
Chuu kholak, 100
Chyavanprash rasayan, 306
Cicer microphyllum, 339, 360, 361
Cigarettes, 136
Cinnamomum tamala, 153, 187, 209, 339, 469
Cissampelos pareira L., 179, 209, 379
Civil Soyam forests, 456
Classification of, taboo system, 467
Climate change, 27
Climax vegetation, 414
Codonopsis clematedia, 41
Cold arid zone, 360
ecosystems, 359
plants, 176
Colocasia, 44, 62, 99, 101–103, 340
Combretaceae, 46
Commiphora wightii, 187
Community conservation, 139, 174
custodianship, 471
decision making, 5
Cordia dichotoma L, 62, 104, 211, 379, 438
Coriandrum sativum, 41, 62, 329
Corydalis, 4, 121, 125, 154, 183, 211, 212
Corylus, 3, 62, 153, 364, 380, 423
Cosmeceuticals, 5
Cotoneaster, 4, 62, 212, 365, 366, 380
Cotoneaster microphyllus, 120
Cow dung, 102
sheds, 365
Crepidium acuminatum, 296, 299, 304, 306
Crop plants, 414
Cross roads, 27
Crushed seeds, 106
Cultural asset, 116
discoveries, 36
evolution, 29
festivals, 32
industries, 35
mosaic, 118
perceptions, 458
protection and promotion, 30
avenues for practice, 32
conservation focus, 34
conservation of material culture, 33–34
culture based enterprises, 35–36
documentation of related traditional knowledge, 34
fairs and functions, 32
government efforts, 30
patenting uniqueness, 36
preservation of language and other intangible cultural forms, 31
preservation of monuments and material cultural forms, 33
region, 18
sovereignty, 27
technique, 170
variation, 19
Cupressus, 4, 380, 421, 422, 456, 463, 468–470
Curative conservation, 33
Curculigo orchioides, 153, 187, 296, 303, 304
Curcuma domestica, 158, 177, 213, 329
Cuscuta reflexa, 172, 178, 183, 341
Cymbopogon martini, 367
D
Dactylorhiza, 41, 125, 138, 144, 153, 154, 177, 184–187, 215, 296, 307, 342, 423
Dactylorhiza hatagirea, 41, 125, 138, 144, 153, 154, 177, 184–187, 215, 296, 423
Dahin Bhalla, 101
Damstra cikitsa, 294
Danthonia cachemyriana, 120
Darats, 18
Dards, 167
Degradation, 27, 33, 118, 429, 430, 447, 461
Delphinium, 121–126, 138, 154, 183, 215, 216, 342, 360, 381, 423
cashmerianum, 154
Deodar groves, 368
oil, 367
wood, 365
Der Kholak, 100
Dermatological diseases, 297
Derris indica, 187
Desi ghee, 49
Destructive distillation, 367
Detection, 163
Detergents, 367
Devagiris, 317
Devasahas, 317
Devbhumi, 119
Development activities, 151, 155, 188, 273
policy, 29
projects, 30
purposes, 439
Deviation, 447
Devta, 413, 419, 420, 431, 435, 439
goods, 427
lands, 426
Sahib Bondra, 423
system, 413
Dhoo, 48
Dhumavati, 425
Dialect, 12, 15, 102, 135, 137
Digital library, 33
Dioscorea bulbifera, 153, 217, 296, 303, 304
kumaunensis, 167
Diplazium esculentum, 104, 108, 382
frondosum, 48
maximum, 422
Dish of lentils, 104
Diversity of flora/fauna, 157
Doltok, 104
Domestic animals, 326
energy, 366
uses, 365
Dough of wheat flour, 105
Dried berries, 48
Drink liquor, 462
Drug markets, 159
Drukap, 17
Dryopteris wallichiana, 362
Durvasoma, 319
Dwarf willows, 120
Dwindling tribe, 28
characteristics, 364
E
Earthen structures, 26
Eco-friendly, 472
Ecological adaptations, 448, 472
differentiation, 19
dimensions, 419
importance, 414
life, 471
services, 464
significance, 412
status, 429
Ecomuseum concept, 35
Economic development, 151, 273
resources, 136
Ecosystem services, 29, 411, 428, 429, 431, 451, 467
Eczema, 17, 127, 130, 138, 171, 195, 197, 202, 231, 234, 243, 251, 269, 328, 331, 336, 337, 339, 341
Edible plants, 40–47, 184, 358
Elaeganaceae, 46
Elaeganus, 46
Eleusine coracana, 48, 66, 126, 319, 322, 343
Elsholtzia fruticosa, 153, 219
Emblica officinalis, 67, 153, 159, 185–187, 219, 343, 364
Endangered species, 4, 35, 139, 150, 155, 172, 273, 451, 463, 464
Endemic sub-alpine species, 116
Environmental changes, 151, 273
compulsions, 326
heterogeneity, 117
Environmentally beneficial, 188
Ephedra, 67, 120, 126, 186, 219, 307, 315, 319, 320, 343, 366, 383
Ephedra gerardiana, 120, 126, 186, 219, 343
Epiphytic, 299
Epithets, 319
Ethnic art, 26
communities, 5, 7, 8, 106, 107, 121, 135, 158, 169, 172
western Himalaya, 16
tribal diversity in western/central Himalayas, 16–18
food plants, 6, 40, 41, 106–108
spectra, 18
Ethnobiological heritage, 170
importance, 170
listings, 118
observation, 169
species, 178
studies, 42, 43, 116, 118, 164–171, 173–176, 179, 182–184, 359, 426
treatment, 166
Ethno-botanico-medico beliefs, 316
Ethnobotany, 18, 43, 45, 150, 151, 164–170, 183, 185, 359, 369
Ethno-linguistic group, 17
Ethnomedicinal, 6, 46, 118, 138, 148, 150, 163, 167, 171, 173–183, 185, 188, 274, 329
plants, 6, 118, 138, 139, 148, 150, 163, 167, 168, 170, 171, 173–175, 178–180, 182, 183, 188, 274, 327, 329
study, 175
survey, 46
survey, 165
Ethno-medico-zoological wisdom, 174
Ethnoveterinary, 7, 174, 188, 326–329
practices, 327
Eucalyptus citriodora, 221, 438
Eunymus tingens, 165
Euonymus hamiltonianus, 361
Euphorbia royleana Boiss, 48
stracheryi, 121
Evolvulus alsinoides, 187, 222, 468
Expectorant, 189, 191, 194, 195, 197, 205, 207, 215, 229, 231, 237, 269, 297, 299, 301
Exploitation, 29, 31, 108, 151, 152, 154, 165, 440, 446, 451, 457, 458, 460–462, 472
Extraction, 94, 178, 362, 364, 366
F
Fabaceae, 45, 46, 123, 125, 174, 175, 182, 328
Farming communities, 107
Febrifuge, 171, 177, 191, 195, 204, 207, 217, 225, 249, 297, 299–301, 305
agricultural fields, 361
Fermentation methods, 107
Fermented grains, 105
mixture, 101
Ferula jaeschkeana, 68, 153, 222
Fiber yielding plants, 362, 363, 369
Ficus, 42, 46, 68, 99, 102, 183, 222, 223, 328, 343, 383, 384, 419, 426, 438, 463
palmata, 361
Flat tablelands, 21
Floral species, 152
Floristic diversity, 454
regions, 358
Food gatherers, 136
patterns, 107
preparation, 40, 44, 49, 99, 107, 108
preparations, 5, 6, 41, 100, 106, 108
value, 46
Foothills, 15–17, 19, 21–23, 31
Forest fringe villages, 411
resources, 472
Fritillaria, 69, 127, 138, 144, 154, 183, 224, 296, 305, 307
Fritillaria roylei, 69, 138, 154, 183, 296, 305
Fuel wood, 23, 25, 360, 365–367, 375, 376, 379, 381, 384, 396–399, 402, 420, 428, 431–434, 436
G
Gahat ki bedu roti, 98
Galactogogue, 297, 299, 301, 305, 330, 344, 346, 352
Galgal, 101
Gallium aparine, 421
Gandpapar ka saag, 99
Garhwal Himalaya, 42, 44, 45, 164–166, 169, 170, 173, 176, 300, 364, 430
Garlic-ginger paste, 101
Garudahrita (yellowish drug), 319
Gastrointestinal, 172, 182, 205
Gaultheria trichophlla, 120
Gayatriya, 319
Gehun ki khumani, 98
Genthi ki sabzi, 99
Genthi wood, 137
Gentiana, 4, 70, 121, 127, 153, 174, 183, 211, 225
Gentiana kurroo, 4
Gentiana moorcroftiana, 138
Gentianaceae, 127, 133, 174, 180
Geographical area, 116–119, 156, 157, 369
Geographical factors, 23
range contraction, 117
Geranium, 120, 121, 127, 153, 183, 226, 343, 344, 360, 364, 385, 391, 421
collinum, 120
Ginjada, 98
Girardinia heterophylla, 227, 363
Glacial cycles, 27
river beds, 120
Global climate, 27
Glycyrrhiza glabra, 186, 187, 227
Grasslands, 20, 118, 120, 359, 361, 410
Grassy pastures, 302
Grazing herd, 462
Great Karakoram ranges, 358
Greenhouse gas emission, 27
Gulgulae, 102
Gur Gur Cha, 102
Gurush ki bedu roti, 98
Gwaral ki sabzi, 99
Gymnema sylvestre, 187
Gymnosperm, 44, 45, 107, 155, 169, 182, 421, 428, 438
Gynecological disorders, 176, 177, 182, 199, 248, 249, 259, 262, 263, 271
H
Habenaria intermedia, 127, 138, 296, 302, 304
Habitat, 25, 44, 117, 137, 139, 152, 156, 163, 273, 307, 412, 428, 431, 447, 451, 453, 456, 458, 461, 464
Habitats, 25, 116, 117, 119, 120, 151, 319, 326, 411, 451, 453, 458, 462, 463
Hallucinating agents, 315
Hallucinogenic effect, 7
Halwa, 106
Harbors rich flora, 358
Harijans, 458
Harvesting, 104, 154, 160, 172, 427, 439, 451, 452, 458–461, 464
Headache, 116, 122, 126, 127, 133, 137, 170, 171, 176, 177, 181, 182, 190–192, 202, 204, 208, 211–219, 225–228, 232, 233, 235, 238, 241, 244, 245, 249, 255, 260, 264, 265, 272
Healing plants, 315
Health care system, 152, 168, 326, 327, 426
treatment, 326
Heavy biotic pressure, 410
Hedychium spicatum, 153, 187, 227, 364, 469
Hematemesis, 299
Hematuria, 210, 328–335, 339, 341, 346
rhamnoides, 138
Herbaceous flora, 184
species, 120
materials, 173
practitioners, 185
shampoo, 359
Herbalists, 150, 159, 187, 274
Hermaphrodite, 302
Hibernation, 26
High altitudes, 12, 15, 16, 19, 21–27, 116, 118, 152, 179
desert-steppe, 360
plateau, 20
species, 117
Himachal Pradesh, 1, 3, 4, 11, 16, 34, 41–48, 101–108, 119, 150, 152, 156, 157, 164, 166–169, 171–176, 180, 182–185, 187, 299, 301, 302, 326, 358–361, 364369, 409–415, 419, 422, 426, 438, 440
anticancer plants, 185
cultures risks, 27
cultural depletion, 28
melting glaciers/bursting lakes, 27–28
valleys, 413
Himalayan communities, 19, 26, 447
Forest Research Institute (HFRI), 424
inhabitation, 18
biodiversity in sacred cliffs, 24–25
ecological differentiation, 19–20
inhabitation at mid altitudes, 21
lifestyle and nature, 23
low altitudes and foothills, 21–22
nature connectivity, 24
nomadic pastoralism, 20
nomadism at high altitudes, 20–21
religion, 24
rich traditional knowledge, 24
socialability, 25
languages project, 33
medicinal plants, 170
medicine system (HMS), 273
nettle, 363
region, 3–7, 12–22, 26, 28, 32, 33, 37, 41, 44, 48, 49, 100, 117, 135, 150, 152, 158, 160, 162, 165–173, 177, 179, 181, 185, 187, 273, 274, 307, 317, 326, 329, 358–364, 366–369
states, 369
style, 26
style art, 26
tribes, 31
Hinduism, 12, 14, 17, 19, 23, 26, 410, 411, 424, 437
Hippophae, 43, 48, 71, 120, 128, 145, 178, 180, 185, 186, 228, 229, 344, 360, 361, 386
Hippophae rhamnoides L., 48, 71, 145, 186, 228, 360, 361, 366
Hodh, 48
Homogenized processes, 29
Hordeum vulgare L., 48, 71, 229, 386
Human behavior, 446
brain secretion, 322
communities, 446
cultures, 413
disturbance, 25
exploitation, 19
Humulus lupulus, 71, 319, 369, 386
Hydrological cycles, 464
Hydropower dams, 30
Hypericum perforatum, 153, 178, 229
I
Ichnocarpus frutescens, 319
glandulifera, 153
Indian System of Medicines (ISM), 174
Indigenous communities, 13, 36, 135, 179, 410
fermented food, 106
knowledge, 13, 20, 43, 44, 115, 116, 170, 171, 188, 326, 362, 363
Indo-Aryan languages, 15
Indo-Europeans, 4
Indo-Gangetic Plain, 2, 11, 13
Indo-Malayan realms, 14
Intellectual property rights (IPR), 37
Inula, 4
cuspidata C. B.Clarke, 230
grandiflora Willd., 230
obtusifolia A. Kerner, 230
rhizocephala Schrenk, 230
royleana DC., 231
racemosa, 186
royleana, 154
Iris, 120, 128, 154, 183, 231, 344
J
Jadhs of Uttarkashi, 135
Jagariya/Ojha/Pucher, 456
Jagata, 319
Jara cikitsa, 294
Jaundice, 116, 123, 127, 137, 138, 171, 174, 179, 181, 182, 191–193, 203, 205, 218, 221, 223, 240, 245, 251, 252, 255, 258, 262, 263, 267, 268, 270, 304, 343
Jaunsari tribal community, 17, 116, 121, 135, 165, 173, 327
Jhankara ka saag, 99
Jivaka, 296–299, 303, 304, 308
Jivaniya gana Churna, 306
Jivaniya ghrita, 306
Joint Forest Management (JFM)., 430
Juglans, 3, 44, 72, 128, 232, 345, 364, 365, 387, 421, 423
Jumgand, 46
Juniperus communis, 72, 120, 232, 345, 456, 463
Juniperus polycarpos, 232, 419, 425
Juniperus recurva, 232, 360, 387
Jurinea dolomiaea, 120, 128, 145, 233
Jurinella macrocephala, 178
Justicia adhatoda, 72, 153, 186, 233
K
Kakoli, 127, 296–298, 303, 304, 308
Kapha, 322
Karalen ki sabzi, 103
Karnah, 46
Kathburiya Devi, 452
Kauni ka bhat, 98
Kauni ki roti, 98
Kaya cikitsa, 294
Keran, 46
Kharif, 98
Khoru, 103
Khwaire, 107
Kidney stone, 174, 191, 197, 213, 223, 232, 242, 251, 259, 271
Kinnaur district, 45–47, 171, 412
Kirates, 18
Kothiyur ki sabzi, 99
Kullu District, 169, 411, 415, 419
Kutu ki roti, 98
L
Lama Pakthuk, 100
Lamiaceae, 45, 46, 116, 126, 128–130, 134, 137, 166, 174, 176, 182, 184, 328, 421
identity of soma, 318
Lasurae, 104
Lasurae ki sabji, 40
Lathyrus sativus L., 48
Lesuwa roti, 98
Leucoderma, 127, 183, 222, 234, 264
Leukemia, 177
Lilium polyphyllum, 138, 178, 296, 298, 299, 306
Lim Chhi, 49
Lingura ki sabzi, 99
Liver disorders, 170, 171, 267, 328
Livestock, 326
diseases, 329
Lobia ka chaisa, 99
Lobia ki bedu roti, 98
Local bodies, 449
communities, 37, 42–44, 116, 117, 137, 174, 176, 179, 182, 186, 187, 414, 428, 437, 457, 471
cultures, 447
deities, 413, 414, 419, 426, 430, 437, 466
deity, 426
inhabitants, 44, 107, 116, 118, 150, 168, 170, 429, 430, 431
pastoral communities, 118
vaidyas, 176
Lonicera webbiania, 120
Losar, 103
Lungdu, 104
M
Macrotyloma uniflorum Lam., 48, 75
Madira/Jhangora ki roti, 98
Madua ki badi/roti, 98
Mahakalyan ghrita, 306
Mahameda, 296–298, 301, 303, 306, 309
Mahasoma, 319
Malaxis acuminata, 153, 296, 299, 469
muscifera, 138, 153, 187, 296, 300, 306
Manali harbors, 414
Mandi district, 42, 46, 105, 106, 167, 176, 182, 412, 425
Mangifera indica, 75, 101, 153, 237, 426, 438
Manikaran valley, 420
Manimahesh lake, 412
Margiana region, 320
Masur dal ki sabzi, 99
Materia medica, 273
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine), 321
Meconopsis aculeata, 4, 129, 138, 146
Meda, 309
Medicago falcata, 360
Medicinal aromatic plants (MAPs), 118
plants, 5–7, 43, 116, 118, 138, 139, 150–152, 154–156, 158, 160–188, 273, 304, 307, 327, 359, 422, 423, 426, 436, 438, 439
conservation area (MPCA), 424
conservation potential, 429
properties, 151, 155, 158, 178, 183
purposes, 137, 154, 156, 174, 187
value, 150, 152, 155, 157, 169, 186, 364, 369
wealth system, 158
Megacarpaea polyandra, 129, 138
Menstrual cycle, 212, 450, 456, 461
Mentha, 76, 129, 153, 183, 238, 346, 367, 390
Migratory herders, 327
nomadic graziers, 361
pastoral communities, 139
Modernization, 12, 28, 41, 273, 368, 410, 439
Monal pheasant, 463
Mongoloid, 5, 12, 15, 18, 25, 135, 151
Morchella, 43, 49, 76, 107, 108, 422
esculenta L., 107
Mornaula reserve forest, 44, 175, 176
serrata, 361
Mountain peaks, 2, 13, 119, 411
ranges, 2, 18, 23, 27, 358, 437
Mucuna pruriens, 159, 187, 390
Muscular disorders, 177
Muscular-pain, 302
Musculo-skeletal diseases, 297
Myricaria, 120, 129, 239, 360, 366, 390
Myricaria-Salix Association, 120
N
Nagabala sarpi, 306
Nanda Astami, 452–455, 460, 462
Nardostachys, 129, 138, 154, 159, 187, 307, 367
grandiflora, 129, 138, 154, 187
National Biodiversity Authority of India (NBAI), 446, 450
National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB), 424
Natural artistries, 35
development, 34
fibers, 362
forests, 414
materials, 17
objects, 410
resources supervision, 117
resources, 13, 24, 29, 46, 117, 162, 163, 410, 411, 429, 430, 438, 446, 448, 451, 458, 472
spirits, 419
vegetation, 360
wealth, 440
Nelumbo nucifera, 177
practices, 20
racial tribe, 314
Non-wood forest products, 368
hops cultivation in Lahaul valley, 369
kuth (saussurea costus), 368–369
saffron/willow, 369
North-western Himalaya, 15, 156, 440
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, 241, 426
Nymphaea, 78, 183, 241, 242, 319, 321
Nymphaeaceae, 181
O
Ocimum americanum L, 179
Ocimum sanctum, 153, 159, 187, 242, 347
Onychium contiguum, 422
lucidium, 422
Origanum vulgare, 143, 178, 421, 243, 347
Osmunda claytoniana, 120
Oxalis, 46, 79, 99, 153, 243, 347, 391, 421
P
Pakthuk, 100
Panch,
Badri, 119
Kedar, 119
Prayag, 119
Pania ka saag, 99
Pankta, 319
Pastureland, 21
Pedalium murex, 159
Pedicularis, 130, 153, 183, 244
Pelargonium graveolens, 367, 391
Peonia emodi, 79, 138, 167, 347
Persicaria, 80, 183, 245, 246, 392
Phlomis bracteosa, 120
Physalis divaricata D. Don, 179
Picea smithiana, 49, 81, 247, 392, 423
Picrorhiza kurrooa, 4, 130, 138, 153, 154, 184, 187, 247, 307, 347, 422, 423
Pinalu ka gunuwa, 99
roxburghii, 247, 362, 365, 419, 438, 468
wallichiana, 49, 247, 362, 421
Pir Panjal, 2, 4, 16, 157, 358, 412
Pistacia integerrima, 365, 422, 470
integerrmia, 187
Plant diversity, 116, 117, 137, 175, 421, 426, 440
Plantago, 82, 153, 183, 247, 348, 422
Plant parts collection stages, 160
aerial parts, 161
bark, 161
bulbs, 160
fruits/berries, 161
rhizomes, 161
roots, 161
seeds, 161
tubers, 161
Plectranthes rugosus, 422
Pleurospermum, 120, 121, 130, 131, 247
densiflorum, 121
Pleurospermum sp, 121
Podophyllum, 4, 82, 131, 138, 143, 177, 178, 183, 184, 248, 307, 423
hexandrum, 4, 82, 138, 143, 177, 178, 183, 184
Polygonaceae, 46, 116, 122–126, 130, 131, 137, 174, 180
Polygonatum amplexicaule D. Don, 49
cirrhifolium, 143, 296, 301, 306
polystachyum, 120
verticillatum, 138, 153, 184, 248, 296, 300, 306, 307, 421, 469
Polypodiodes microrhizoma, 422
Population, 16, 19, 25, 117, 119, 156, 1
movement, 26
strategies, 19
Populus ciliata, 248, 360, 361, 419, 425, 426
Potentilla, 4, 83, 120, 121, 131, 143, 174, 183, 249, 348, 393
Presiding deity, 420–424, 456, 457
Prinsepia utilis, 83, 153, 250, 394, 421, 422
Protection, 36, 37, 316, 366–368, 414, 427–430, 440, 448, 451, 458, 459, 467, 471, 472
Protoaustroloids, 151
Prunus armeniaca, 44, 49, 83, 185, 186, 250, 394, 421
Pteridium aquilinum, 362, 394, 422
Pteridophytes, 44–47, 107, 108, 155, 169, 182, 362, 421, 422, 428
Pteris multifida, 422
Pueraria tuberosa, 84, 159, 251, 296, 303, 304, 348
Punica granatum, 84, 251, 348, 364, 394
Pyrecantha sp, 168
Q
Quantitative assessment, 162
Quercus leucotrichophora, 84, 251, 349, 361, 365, 422, 456, 462, 468, 469
R
Raji, 17, 116, 121, 136, 137, 171
Rambans ki sabzi, 99
Ranunculaceae, 116, 122–126, 134, 137, 328, 421
Ranunculus, 85, 120, 121, 179, 183, 251, 252
Ranunculus hirtellus, 120, 252
Raphanus sativus, 41, 85, 252, 349
Rauvolfia serpentina, 153, 187, 252
Rejuvenation, 6, 7, 24, 295, 297, 309, 440
Religious beliefs, 368, 414, 420, 439, 471, 472
Remedies, 150, 159, 166, 167, 171–188, 274, 327, 329
Renuka Lake, 412
Rheum australe, 4, 85, 121, 131, 138, 154, 184, 253, 349, 364
Rheum moorcroftianum, 13, 3641, 422
Rheumatalgia, 299
Rheumatic pain, 167, 170, 226, 231, 235, 260, 335
Rheumatism, 17, 123, 127, 130, 133, 171, 178–182, 190–192, 199, 200, 204, 207, 210–212, 215, 219, 223, 226–235, 237, 242, 245–250, 258–262, 266–269, 271, 328, 337, 342
vulgaris, 107
Rhizome, 47, 52–56, 62, 63, 78, 84, 94, 97, 191, 196–200, 204, 205, 210, 213, 215, 218, 220, 224–227, 231, 241, 248–251, 262, 266, 268, 271, 297–305, 341, 344, 350–353, 382, 385, 402
rubescens Tal., 107
Rhodiola, 41, 49, 86, 105, 183, 186, 253, 254
Rhododendron, 3, 49, 86, 120, 143, 153, 154, 254, 395, 417, 456, 463, 469, 470
arboreum, 365
Rhus, 3, 87, 212, 254, 395, 396, 469
Ricinus communis L., 87, 179, 254
Riddhi, 309
Rishis, 294
Rituals, 7, 22, 29, 135, 166, 315, 316, 318, 369, 375, 378, 384, 386, 411, 420, 423, 438
Robinia pseudoacacia, 254, 361
Rorippa indica, 153
Rosa, 4, 87, 108, 120, 183, 255, 349, 366, 367, 396, 421, 422
sericea, 120
Rosaceae, 45, 46, 116, 131, 137, 173, 176, 181, 184, 328, 421
Roscoea purpurea, 296, 297, 303, 306
Rubia cordifolia, 153, 177, 255
Rubus, 4, 46, 49, 88, 108, 173, 256, 328, 396
Rugi ki sabzi, 99
Rumex, 44, 89, 183, 256, 349, 364, 396, 421
Rumex hastatus, 422
S
Sacred forests, 43, 173, 429, 432, 436, 437, 446, 448–451, 453–462, 464, 466–469, 471, 472
groves, 118, 368, 410–420, 423–429, 438–447, 450, 451, 454, 456–459, 461, 464, 471, 472
Himachal Pradesh, 413
other districts of Himachal Pradesh, 425
iodiversity heritage sites, 449
Kinnaur district, 424
Mandi district, 425
Shimla district, 422
natural sites (SNS), 409–410, 411, 428, 429, 438, 439, 440, 446–450, 453–459, 465, 473
plants, 155, 183, 368, 369, 413
water bodies, 412
zone, 456
Sacrosanct boundary, 466
Saffron, 369
Saffron and musk, 305
Sageretia theezans, 421
Sakina ke phoolon ka saag, 99
Salix, 89, 120, 174, 185, 257, 350, 360, 361, 366, 369, 397
denticulata, 360
lindleyi, 120
Salvia moorcroftiana, 257, 422
Sapindus mukorossi, 49, 89, 153, 181, 187, 257, 350, 397
Sarcostemma brevistigma, 319
Sarcostemma spp, 322
Satapatha Brahmana, 315
Saussurea, 4, 89, 121, 133, 138, 144, 145, 153, 154, 182, 186, 187, 258, 259, 273, 319, 321, 350, 361, 367, 397, 438, 452, 455, 460, 462
Saussurea costus, 368
graminifolia, 121
Saxifraga, 4, 121, 179, 183, 259
Scabies, 183, 197, 220, 223, 234, 235, 243, 261, 328, 331, 338, 339
Schedule castes/tribes, 121
Sedum heterodontum, 179, 253, 260
Segment Taboos, 458
Selinum candollei, 138
wallichianum, 120
Sephe Tagi, 100
Sepubari, 40
orientale, 329
Sigesbeckia orientalis, 261, 421
Sinarundianaria falcata, 366
Skin diseases, 17, 165, 170, 171, 183, 189, 194, 202, 203, 206, 207, 215, 218, 223, 231, 232, 235, 241, 253, 255, 261, 262, 302, 338, 367
Skyurchuk, 99
Social conventions, 465
gatherings, 419
taboos, 410, 446, 448, 451, 458, 465, 472, 473
Solanum, 178, 179, 262, 328, 350, 398
incanum L., 179
khasianum, 422
rasa, 323
mixture, 322
Spiritual, 18, 24, 26, 30, 36, 294, 314, 316, 413, 439, 449
flower, 439
site, 413
Spiti valley, 412
Sriparvathas, 317
Stomachache, 133, 138, 170, 177, 191, 197–199, 203, 205, 209, 211, 238, 240–243, 247, 262, 264, 268, 271, 328, 330, 332, 337, 343
Swelling, 170, 183, 191, 197, 206, 207, 214, 217, 227, 231, 237, 244–246, 250, 254, 257, 271, 306, 328, 330, 349
Swertia angustifolia, 153, 469
Swertia chirata, 138, 187, 264
Syena, 320
Symplocos species, 159
Syzygium cumini, 92, 153, 187, 264, 399, 438
T
Taboos, 411, 437, 438, 446–448, 451, 452, 456, 458–465, 467, 471, 472
system, 429, 446, 449–454, 457, 458, 467, 468
habitat, 463
method, 462
specific-species, 463
temporal, 461
Tagi Buskhuruk, 99
Tagi Khambir, 99
Tall herbs, 120
Tanacetum, 133, 138, 145, 153, 183, 192, 228, 265, 399
Tanacetum dolichophyllum, 133, 138, 265
Tarur ki sabzi, 99
Taxus, 93, 134, 153, 168, 177, 178, 266, 307, 400, 417, 422, 423
Taxus baccata, 93, 153, 168, 177, 178, 423
Temple committee, 420, 423, 426, 427, 440
Tenaxia cumminsii, 361
Terminalia, 46, 153, 159, 177, 185–187, 266, 351, 364, 400, 468
chebula, 187
Terrain, 13, 14, 19, 21, 23, 26, 365
Tetepathine, 322
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 321
Thalictrum foetidum, 361
Thalictrum foliolosum, 134, 351, 421, 422, 468, 469
Thamnocalamus spathiflorus, 366, 400
Tharu, 17, 18, 116, 121, 135, 155, 168, 179, 327
Tibetan bhotiyas, 16
language, 160
Tilkuta, 98
Timber, 7, 26, 169, 183, 307, 360, 365, 369, 372–374, 376–381, 383–385, 387–390, 392–395, 397–402, 414, 420, 422, 427, 431–436
yielding plants, 365
plant community, 117
Tinospora cordifolia, 93, 153, 159, 173, 177, 179, 186, 187, 267, 296, 304, 351
Topography, 119, 155, 358, 359
Trachyspermum ammi, 158, 267, 329, 351
Traditional agricultural, 28
arts, 35
beliefs and customs, 446
beverages, 42
communities, 438
customs, 410
food species, 6
herbal healers, 326
heritage, 440
knowledge, 1, 5, 32, 33–37, 43, 138, 152, 273, 326, 447
knowledge-based systems (TKBS), 447, 473
medicinal knowledge, 158
medicine, 32
phytotherapy, 168
practices, 168, 173, 327, 410, 438
rural wisdom, 327
therapeutic wealth, 167
Traishtubha, 319
Trans Himalayan region, 157
Trapthuk, 100
Tribal, 43, 48, 165, 166, 329, 461
communities, 4–8, 40, 45, 49, 108, 116, 121, 136, 137, 157, 163, 171, 174, 176, 183, 185, 306, 307, 327
practices, 24
Tribulus terrestris, 94, 134, 159, 186, 187, 267
Trigonella foenum-graecum, 177
Trillidium govanianum, 94, 134, 138, 144, 423
Tuberculosis, 174, 207, 218, 232, 254, 297, 299, 304
Turpentine, 367
U
Ulcers, 17, 158, 171, 189, 192, 203–209, 211, 228, 230, 234, 237–240, 243, 250, 254, 258, 264–267, 351, 367
Ulmus, 3, 352, 361, 401, 415, 421
Urbanization, 37, 41, 368, 410, 439
Urdhvanga cikitsa, 294
Urinary disorders, 134, 170, 182, 267
Urinogenital disorders, 174, 180, 189
Urtica dioica, 178, 268, 401, 421
Urtica hyperborea Jacq. ex Wedd, 49, 106
V
Vachadi taila, 306
Vajikaran ghrita, 306
Valeriana hardwickii, 134, 138, 268
Valeriana jatamansi, 187, 268, 367, 422
Vasishth, 175, 189–192, 197, 200, 208, 209, 215–222, 232, 247–253, 257, 264, 266, 270
meters, 319
Verbascum thapsus, 269, 421, 422
Verbenaceae, 175
Vetiveria zizanoides, 367
Viburnum, 3, 95, 120, 269, 352, 402
Visual hallucinations, 315
Vomiting, 129, 171, 181, 194, 203, 207, 214, 215, 233, 238–242, 269, 304, 328, 331
Vrsa cikitsa, 294
W
Wallichiana, 58, 81, 93, 134, 153, 178, 254, 257, 266, 337, 361–365, 374, 397, 401, 417, 419, 422
Water bodies, 410, 412, 446, 448, 453, 458, 460
Withania somnifera, 153, 159, 177, 186, 187, 271, 296, 303, 315, 468
Wood carving, 26
Woodfordia fruticosa, 96, 153, 172, 178, 271, 353, 402
Woolen fabrics, 369
garments, 363
yarn, 136
Y
Yotches, 104
Yucagenin, 304
Z
Zamashang Phasur, 47
Zanthoxylum armatum, 153, 181, 271, 353, 402, 421, 460, 468, 469
Zaskar range, 358
Zingiber officinale, 97, 271, 305, 329, 353
Ziziphus, 46, 97, 271, 272, 402, 426
Zizipus mauritiana, 153