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Index

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actin (proteins), 33, 34

adaptor proteins, 38, 39–40, 43, 46

ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), x, xiv, 44

acceptance of, 29, 119, 196, 197

boredom and, xi, 85, 87, 163

brainwaves and, 98–100

childhood and, 87

decision making and, 17, 101, 141, 185

diagnosis of, 92, 101

fear and, 77, 85, 86

goals and, 131, 133, 139

gradient descent and, 139, 141

harmony/amplitude and, 92–3, 93, 98–106, 102, 105

information processing and, xi, 13, 98–9

insomnia and, 70

learning rate and, 141

memory and, 185–6

overthinking and, 16, 102

panic induced by, 77

patience and, 131, 133, 139, 225

reading and, 163–5

superpower, 29

time perception and, 13, 98, 131, 133, 139, 141

affinities (single interactions), 183

ageing, human, 148–9

agent-based modelling (ABM), 210–14, 215, 216, 219

algorithms, computer

decision making and, xii, 1–24, 8, 15, 128–30, 134, 138–41, 143, 146, 156–60, 158, 187, 188–93, 189, 195, 199, 202, 203–204

fuzzy logic and, 156–60

gradient descent algorithm, 125, 138–41, 143, 191

human mind and, 1, 4

limitations of, 3

neural networks and, 187, 188–93, 189, 195, 198, 202, 203

supervised learning and, 4, 6, 23

unstructured, ability to be, 2

unsupervised learning and, 4, 5, 6, 10, 18, 21

see also machine learning

alienation, 98

alpha keratins, 32

alpha waves, 98

amino acids, 31–2

amplitude, 90–95, 96, 99, 100–104

anxiety

ADHD and see ADHD

ASD and see ASD

Asperger’s syndrome and see Asperger’s syndrome

attacks, 14, 70–71, 73, 83, 142

colour and, 70–71, 73, 102, 127

crowds and, 14, 70, 114–15, 121

decision making and, 12, 14, 16, 20, 51–2, 59, 61, 81, 83, 142

fear/light and, 70–71, 72–4, 74, 76, 77, 78–9, 80, 81, 82–5

GAD (generalized anxiety disorder), x–xi, 74, 197

goals and, 124, 134, 135, 137, 138, 142–3

harmony and, 98–9, 102, 108

information processing and, xi, 83

loud noises and, 70, 87, 198

memory and, 186, 204

night terrors, 70

order and, 48, 51–2, 59, 61

smell and, 12, 14, 70, 102, 127, 160, 164–5, 199, 201, 204

as a strength, 29, 82–4, 142–3

superpower, 29

texture and, 70

arguments, 38, 154, 156–60, 162, 183

artificial intelligence (AI), 3, 156, 186, 187, 188, 189, 215

ASD (autism spectrum disorder)

acceptance of, 197

Asperger’s syndrome and, xiii–xiv

Bayes’ theorem and, 155

crowds and, 115

decision making and, 6, 10, 12, 16

empathy and, 145

explained, x–xi

fear and, 70–71, 77, 80, 85, 86

memory and, 194

order and, 50, 51–2, 58

superpower, 29

Asperger’s syndrome, xiii–xiv

autism and, xiii–xiv

Bayes’ theorem and, 151–2

clubbing/music festivals and, 153, 201

empathy and, 145

fear/light and, 71–2

meeting people and, 151

memory and, 194–5

politeness and, 206

atom

Brownian motion and, 112, 114

chemical bonds and/atomic compounds, 165, 166, 167–71, 172, 173, 174, 176, 177, 178, 180, 181, 184

crowds and, 107, 111, 112, 114

light and, 75

autism see ASD (autism spectrum disorder)

avidity, 183

backpropagation, 191, 199

Bayes’ theorem, 151–6, 159, 162, 206

bee colonies, 36

beta waves, 98

bias, 153, 160, 162, 192, 196, 197, 202, 204

bioinformatics, 209, 220

blood sugar levels, 38, 65

bonds, chemical, 165–84

bond length, 173

covalent, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 182, 183, 184

electromagnetic force, 175–6

evolution of over time, 180–83

four fundamental forces, 174–80, 179

gravitational force, 174–5

hydrophobic effect, 171–3

ionic, 169–71, 170, 173, 176, 180, 181, 184

strong (nuclear) force, 176–7

tan(x) curve and, 163–5, 164

valency and, 173–4

weak (nuclear) force, 177–80, 182

boredom, xi, 41, 85, 87, 158, 163, 186, 192

box thinking, 5–12, 8, 17, 19–20, 23, 24

brainwaves, 98–100

Brown, Robert, 112

Brownian motion, 112–14, 113, 115

cancer, xii, 4, 45–7, 85, 118, 149, 219, 220

carbon dioxide, 168

cars

braking, 157

driverless, 189, 190–91, 202

category failure, 22–3

cell signalling, 37, 38–42

cellular evolution, 146, 147–50, 148, 151

stem cells, 146, 147–8, 148, 149, 150

chaos, 13–15, 17, 21, 29, 48, 60

chemical bonds see bonds, chemical

childhood:

ADHD and, 87–8

box thinking and, 8, 10

fear and, 83, 109, 121

neurodiversity at school, 25–8

time perception and, 126–8

tree thinking and, 10, 21

Civilization V (video game), 108

compound, atomic, 167–71, 172, 180, 181

conditional probability, 153

conflict resolution, 157

connecting with others, 163–84

avidity and, 183

chemical bonds and, 165–84, 170

four fundamental forces and, 174–80, 179

fraying and decomposing connections, 180–84

tan(x) curve and, 163–5, 164

see also bonds, chemical

consensus behaviours, understanding and modelling, 110–18

covalent bonds, 168, 169, 170, 171, 173, 182, 183, 184

crowds, 12, 14, 26, 70, 107–21, 113, 201

anxiety and, 14, 70, 114–15, 121

atom and, 107, 111, 112, 114

Brownian motion and, 112, 113, 115

consensus and, 110–18

decision making and, 108, 110, 111, 112

differences/diversity and, 111, 116–17, 118

diversity and, 117–18

dust particle movement and, 107–108, 111, 112, 113, 116

ergodic theory and, 115–20

full stop and, 107–108

individuality and, 115–21

Newton’s second law (force = mass × acceleration) and, 114

stereotypes and, 117

random walk, 113

stochastic (randomly occurring) process and, 115–16

data inputs, 190

dating, 144, 207, 221–2

apps, 161, 193

decision making

box thinking and, 5–12, 8, 17, 19–20, 24

crowds and, 108, 110, 111, 112

equilibrium and, 66, 67, 68, 69

error, learning to embrace, 21–4

fear and, 71, 81

feedback loop and, 199, 202, 203–204

fuzzy logic and, 146, 156–60, 158

game theory and, 215–18, 220

goals and, 128–30, 134, 137, 138–41, 142, 143, 191

gradient descent algorithm and, 138–41, 143, 191

homology and, 220

how to decide, 17–21

machine learning and, xii, 1–24, 128–30, 134, 138–41, 143, 146, 156–60, 158, 187, 188–93, 189, 195, 199, 202, 203–204

memory and, 187, 199, 203–204

network theory and, 134, 138

neural networks and, 187, 188–93, 189, 195, 198, 202, 203

probability and, 146

proteins and, 28, 36, 37, 38, 39, 42, 43, 46

tree, thinking like a and, 5–7, 10–24, 15

deep learning, 187, 188, 189–90

see also neural networks

delta waves, 98

denial, 78, 83–4

depression, 100–103

differences/diversity, understanding/respecting, 25–47, 226

cancer and, 45–7, 118

chemical bonds and, 165–6, 168, 169–71, 181–3

collaboration/success and, 45–7

crowds and, 111, 116–17, 118

empathy and, 149

ergodicity and, 118, 120

evolution and, xii, 31, 45–7, 118, 120, 146, 147, 148, 148, 149

fuzzy logic and, 157, 162

game theory and, 219

harmony and, 104–105

hierarchy and, 36

homology and, 221–2

human survival and, 118, 120

order and, 61

probability and, 154, 155

proteins and, 28–30, 31, 34, 36–8, 39, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47

see also neurodiversity

diffusion, 113

dipole, 176

DNA, 31–2, 148

driverless cars, 189, 190–91, 202

dust particle movement, 107–108, 111, 112, 113, 116

electromagnetic force, 175–6

electrons, 131, 167–8, 169, 171, 173, 178, 181, 182, 183

electron transfer, 169, 176

Elements of Physical Chemistry, The, 52

Elton John, 48, 108

empathy, xiii, 36, 60, 61, 62, 68, 106, 144–62, 206, 226

arguments and, 154, 157–60, 162

ASD and, 145

autism and, 145

bias and, 153, 160, 162

cellular evolution and, 146, 147–50, 148, 151

difference, respecting and, 149

difficulty of, 145–6

evolution and, 161–2

eye contact and, 149

fuzzy logic and, 146, 156–60, 158

individuality and, 118–20

non-verbal indicators, 149

probability/Bayes’ theorem and, 146, 151–6, 159, 162, 206

proteins and, 38, 39, 45, 46

relationships and, 144–62

ENFJ personality, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 39

ENFP personality, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 39

ENTJ personality, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 41

ENTP personality, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 40–41

entropy, 48–9, 54–6, 57–8, 90

equilibrium

achieving, 64–7

Bayes’ theorem and, 155

feedback and, 202

fuzzy logic and, 156

game theory and/Nash equilibrium, 215, 216, 217

harmonic motion and, 89, 90, 90–91

interference and, 94, 95, 96

perfection and, 50

resonance, 97

ergodic theory, 115–20

error, learning to embrace, 21–4

ESTJ personality, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 39

ESTP personality, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 41

evolutionary biology, xii

chemical bonds and, 180–84

diversity/difference and, xii, 31, 45–7, 118, 120, 146, 147, 148, 148, 149

empathy and, 146, 147–50, 148, 151

fear and, 83, 84

order and, 69

proteins and, 29, 31, 35, 46–7, 118, 146, 161–2

relationships and, 161–2, 166, 180–84

exercise, physical, 9, 63, 66, 81, 85, 185, 201, 226

expectations, realistic, 57–9

extroversion, 37

eye contact, 77, 80, 83–4, 149

fear, xii, 62, 70–86, 109, 114, 115, 121, 142, 172, 197, 198, 201, 208

ASD and, 70–71

Asperger’s and, 71–2

denial of, 83–4

eye contact and, 77, 80, 83–4, 149

FOMO (fear of missing out), 19, 127, 131, 137, 138

function of, 71

inspiration, turning into, 82–3

light and, 72–86, 74

as a strength, 82–4

transparency and, 78, 81–2

feedback/feedback loops, 187–205

backpropagation and, 191, 199

biases and, 192, 196, 197, 202

memory and, 187, 188, 191–205

neural networks and, 187, 188, 191–4, 195, 198, 202, 203

positive and negative, 200–202

re-engineering human, 187, 191–3, 194–205

see also memory

Ferguson, Sir Alex, 31

‘fighting speech’, 158

fire alarms, fear of, 71

fractals, 11

full stop, 107–108

fundamental forces, the four, 174–80

fuzzy logic, 146, 156–60, 158, 162

GAD (generalized anxiety disorder), x–xi, 74, 197

game theory, xii, 157, 209, 215–19, 222

gamma waves, 98

gene sequences, 31

Gibbs free energy, 55–6, 65

goals, achieving, 122–43

anxiety, positive results of, 142–3

childhood and, 126–8

difficulty of, 141–2

fear of missing out (FOMO) and, 127, 131, 137, 138

gradient descent algorithm and, 138–41, 143, 191

Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and, 125–6, 128, 131–2, 133, 143

learning rate and, 141

momentum thinking and, 129, 130–31, 130

network theory and, 132–8, 136

observer effect and, 131

perfect path and, 141

position thinking and, 129–30, 129, 131

quantum mechanics/spacetime and, 122–5, 123, 128, 131, 136

present and future focus, 125–32

topology and, 134, 138

wave packets and, 128–9

gradient descent algorithm, 125, 138–41, 143, 191

gravitational force, 174–5

haematopoiesis, 147

harmony, finding, 87–106

ADHD and, 92, 93, 98–106, 102, 105

amplitude and, 90–93, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 101–102

depression and, 100–103

harmonic motion, 88, 89–93, 90, 93, 96, 103

‘in phase’, being, 95, 97

interference, constructive and, 94–7, 95

oscillation and, 88–94, 102

pebble skimming and, 87–8

resonance and, 96–7

superposition and, 94–5

synchronicity and, 88, 97

wave theory and, 88–9, 90–106, 90, 93, 95, 105

Hawking, Stephen, 122, 127, 136

A Brief History of Time, 67, 122–3, 134–5

healthy, obsession with being, 63

Heisenberg, Werner, 125–6, 128, 133, 143

hierarchy, 36, 213

hierarchy of needs, Maslow’s, 140

Hobbes, Thomas, 108

Leviathan, 218, 219

homeostasis, 65–6

Homo economicus (economic/self-interested man/person), 218

Homo reciprocans (reciprocating man/person who wants to cooperate with others in pursuit of mutual benefit), 218

homology, 219–22

hydrogen bonding, 171, 181

hydrophobic effect, 171–3

imitation, pitfalls of, 62–3

immune system, 5, 34, 45, 147, 161

individuality, crowds and, 115–21

INFJ personality, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 42

‘in phase’, being, 67, 95, 97, 104, 224

insomnia, 70

Instagram, 21, 72, 99

interference, wave theory and, 94–6, 95, 97, 103

INTJ personality, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 42

introversion, 30, 36, 37, 42, 171

ionic bonds, 169–71, 170, 173, 176, 180, 184

ISTP personality, Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 39–40

keratin, 32

kinase proteins, 38, 39, 40–42, 43, 45, 46

k-means clustering, 18, 20

learning rate, 141

l’homme moyen (average man/person whose behaviour would represent the mean of the population as a whole), 108

light

Asperger’s syndrome and, 71–2

cones, 122–5, 123, 127, 132, 135, 136, 136

fear and, 70–86, 74

prism and, 74–5, 76, 77, 78–82, 85, 91

refraction and, 72–4, 75, 76, 77–82, 83, 85, 91

speed of, 74–5, 76, 82, 123

transparency and, 78–9, 81–2

waves, 74–86, 74

loud noises, fear of, 70, 87, 198

Lucretius, 112

machine learning

backpropagation, 191, 199

basics of, 3–5

clustering and, 5, 10, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22

data inputs, 190

decision making and, xii, 1–24, 8, 15, 128–30, 134, 138–41, 143, 146, 156–60, 158, 187, 188–93, 189, 195, 198, 199, 202, 203–4

deep learning, 187, 188, 189–90

feature selection, 18–20

fuzzy logic, 146, 156–60, 158, 162

games and, 3, 190

goals and, 138–41

gradient descent algorithm, 138–41, 143, 191

k-means clustering, 18, 20

memory and, 185–205, 189

noisy data and, 22

neural networks, 187, 188–93, 189, 195, 198, 202, 203

supervised learning, 4, 6, 23

unsupervised learning and, 4, 5, 6, 10, 18, 21

Manchester United, 31

Maslow, Abraham: hierarchy of needs, 140

meltdowns, xi, 12, 14, 23, 25, 61, 77, 115, 155

memory, xii, 7, 11, 127, 226

ADHD and 185

feedback loops and, 187, 188, 191–205

neural networks and, 187, 188–93, 189, 195, 198, 202, 203

power/influence of in our lives, 186–7

training, 187, 194–205

mistakes, learning from, 185–205

backpropagation and, 191, 199

biases and, 192, 196, 197, 202

feedback/feedback loops and, 187, 188, 191–205

memory and, 185–7, 188, 191, 192–3, 194–205

neural networks and, 187, 188–93, 189, 195, 198, 202, 203

mitosis (division), 148–9

momentum thinking, 129, 130–31, 130

morning routine, 14, 16

motion

Brownian, 112–14, 113, 115

harmonic, 88, 89–93, 90, 93

Myers–Briggs Type Indicator, 37, 39–42

ENFJ personality, 39

ENFP personality, 39

ENTJ personality, 41

ENTP personality, 40–41

ESTJ personality, 39

ESTP personality, 41

INTJ personality, 42

ISTP personality, 39–40

myosin, 33–4

Nash equilibrium, 215–16, 217

Nash, John, 215

nervous tics, x, 25

network theory, 125, 132–8, 136, 143

Neumann, John von, 215

neurodiversity, xi, 85, 208–209

Newton’s second law (force = mass × acceleration), 114

night terrors, 70

noble gases, 167, 171

noise-cancelling headphones, 71, 95–6

noisy data, 22

non-verbal indicators, 149

nuclear proteins, 38, 41–2, 43

neural networks, 187, 188–93, 189, 195, 198, 202, 203

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

box thinking and, 8, 8

dating and, 197

fear/light and, 74

order and, 51

observer effect, 114, 131

orange, fear of colour, 70–71

order and disorder, 48–69

anxiety and, 48, 51, 59, 61

ASD and, 50, 51–2, 58

competing visions of, 60–64

disordered orderly person, 50–54

distribution of energy in layers of order, 58

entropy (increasing disorder), 48–9, 54–6, 57–8

equilibrium and, 64–7

perfection and, 54, 57–9, 62, 65, 67–9

thermodynamics and, 48–50, 52–3, 54–60, 58, 63, 64–7, 68

oscillation, 75, 88–94, 90, 93

overfitting your model, 193

Pang, Lydia, v, 1, 109, 136–7, 149–50, 220

Pang, Peter, v, 87, 122, 127, 201, 204

Pang, Sonia, v, ix, 8, 9, 34, 48, 49, 51, 52, 59, 60, 62, 70, 72, 74, 107, 108, 121, 127, 142, 195, 198, 206, 207, 218

panic attacks, 199, 201

patience, 60, 111, 132–3, 139, 140, 155, 225

pebble skimming, 87–8

peer pressure, 25–6, 30, 44, 45, 63, 118, 138

perfection/perfectionism, 21, 54, 57–9, 62, 65, 67, 68–9, 88, 93, 137, 140, 141, 223

see also order and disorder

photonics, 72

playground swing, 89–93, 96, 103

polarities, 170, 171, 172, 174, 175, 176, 181

politeness/etiquette, 206–23

agent-based modelling (ABM) and, 210–14, 215, 216

dating and, 207, 221–2

game theory and, 209, 215–19

homology and, 219–22

pollen, 112, 113

position thinking, 129–30, 129, 131

probability, 137, 146, 159, 161, 162, 206

empathy and, 151–6

proteins, xii, 27–8, 167

adaptor, 38, 39–40, 43, 46

difference/diversity and, 28–30, 31, 34, 36–8, 39, 42, 43, 45, 46, 47

four stages of, 31–5, 33

function of, 31

homology and, 220–21

kinase, 38, 39, 40–42, 43, 45, 46

model of teamwork, 27–31

nuclear, 38, 41–2, 43

personalities and teamwork, 35–47, 38, 171

receptor, 38–9, 38, 41, 42–3, 46, 172

quantum mechanics, 72, 122–6, 123, 128–30, 129, 131, 142

Quetelet, Adolphe, 108

random walk, 113

realism filter, 82

receptor proteins, 38–9, 38, 41, 42–3, 46, 172

refraction, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 91

resonance, wave theory and, 94, 96–7, 103, 105–106

routine, 14, 16, 41, 51, 52, 85, 115, 155, 195, 198

shavasana (corpse) pose, 130

smell

anxiety and, 12, 14, 70, 102, 109, 121, 155, 160, 164–5, 199, 201

box thinking and, 7

synaesthesia and, 73, 127

social media, 19, 21, 137

sodium chloride (NaCl), 169, 180

spacetime, 122–5, 123

statistics, 22, 120, 161

stem cells, 146, 147–8, 148, 149, 150

stereotypes, 117

stochastic (randomly occurring) process, 115–16

strong (nuclear) force, 176–7

subclones, 118

superposition, 94

synaesthesia, 73

synchronicity, 88, 97

tan(x) curve, 163–5, 164

teamwork

protein model of, 27–31

protein personalities and, 35–47, 38, 171

teenagers, 26, 44, 49, 63–4

telomere, 148

thermodynamics, xii, 48–54

equilibrium, 64–7

first law of, 54

order and, 48–69, 58

second law of, 48–9, 54–6, 57–8, 90

theta waves, 98

tidiness, 48–50, 51, 52–3, 56, 59, 60–61, 62, 68

see also order and disorder

time perception, 13, 122–5, 128, 131, 133, 139, 141

topology, 125, 134, 138

trees, thinking in, 6–7, 10–24, 15

decision making and, 17–21

error, learning to embrace, 21–4

Uncertainty Principle, Heisenberg’s, 125–6, 128, 131–2, 133, 142, 143

valency, 171, 173–4, 181

washing machines, 157, 159

water (H2O), 171

waves, light, 74–86, 74

wave theory, 88–106

harmonic motion and, 90, 90–93

interference and, 94–6, 95

resonance, 96–7

wave packets, 128–31, 129, 130

wavelengths, interacting with other, 98–106, 102, 105

weak (nuclear) force, 177–9

weightings, neural networks and, 190, 191, 192, 193, 196, 199, 200, 202

yoga, 52, 130

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