1 e.g., Evans-Pritchard (1956, 1965); Malinowski (1922).
2 1912; cited in Barnard (2000, 107).
3 e.g., Renfrew & Zubrow (1994); Mellars & Gibson (1996); Mithen (1996); Lewis-Williams (2002b).
4 Barnard (2007, 93).
5 Mazel (2009a, 2009b).
6 Wendt (1976).
7 Lewis-Williams (1984); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2008).
1 Marshall (1976, p.xx).
1 22 February 1850. Baines (1964, 19–20).
2 Baines (1964, 20).
3 Vinnicombe (1976); Campbell (1987); Wright and Mazel (2007); Blundell (2004); Challis (2008, 2009).
4 Sparrman (1789:2, 143).
5 Thunberg (1986 [1788], 290–91).
6 Anthing (1863, 4–5).
7 Philip (1828, p.xx).
8 Mitchell (2002, 161–91).
9 Mitchell (2002, 248–58); Phillipson (1977).
10 Alexander (1838, p.vi).
11 Alexander (1838, 123–25).
12 Deacon & Deacon (1999); Crawhall (2006); Soodyall (2006).
13 e.g., Guenther (1999); Katz (1982); Lee (1979); Marshall (1976, 1999); Marshall Thomas (2006); Schapera (1930); Shostak (1981); Silberbauer (1981); Wilmsen (1989).
14 Lewis-Williams (1981, 1992); Lewis-Williams & Biesele (1978); Barnard (1992).
15 Traill (1978); Barnard (1992, 17–18, 20–27).
16 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, p.xiii).
17 Chippindale et al. (2000); Barnard (2003).
18 Deacon & Dowson (1996); Lewis-Williams (2002a, 2008); Bennun (2004); Bank (2006); Skotnes (2007); Wessels (2010).
19 Spohr (1962, 33); on these raids, see Wright (1971) and Vinnicombe (1976); Challis (2008, 2009).
20 Skotnes (2007).
21 Orpen (1874).
22 Lewis-Williams (2003).
23 Bleek (1874).
24 Bleek (1874, 11).
25 Stow (1905).
26 Young (1908, 27–28); Dowson et al. (1994).
27 Bleek (1874, 12).
28 Theal (1905, p.v).
29 See Skotnes (2008).
30 Woodhouse & Lee (1976); Woodhouse (1979); Dowson et al. (1994).
31 Stow & Bleek (1930).
32 See, for example, Le Quellec (2004) and Skotnes (2008).
33 Dowson et al. (1994); Lewis-Williams & Dowson (2008).
34 Smith & Ouzman (2004).
35 Prins (1990); Challis (2008, 2009); Jolly (1986, 1995, 2006); Smith & Ouzman (2004).
36 Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a).
37 Wendt (1976); see also Thackeray (1983).
38 Mazel (2009a, 2009b); Mazel & Watchman (2003).
39 Wilman (1933); Dowson (1992); Fock & Fock (1979, 1984, 1989); Scherz (1970, 1975); Deacon & Foster (2005); Parkington et al. (2008).
40 Maggs (1995).
41 Lewis-Williams (1984); Mazel (2009b, 100).
42 Lewis-Williams (1984); Loubser & Laurens (1994); Pearce (2005).
43 Barnard (1992, 71); Barnard (2007).
44 Mazel (2009).
45 Dowson et al. (1994).
46 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, p.x).
47 Ibid.
48 L.V.1.3612.
49 L.VIII.1.6052.
50 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 305); Deacon (1986).
51 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 307).
52 L.V.24.5963 rev. Bleek & Lloyd (1911, p.xiv).
53 L.VIII.18.7608–7609.
54 Orpen (1874, 2).
55 Solway & Lee (1990, 120, 122).
1 Stow & Bleek (1930, caption to pl. 2a).
2 Arbousset & Daumas (1846, 247).
3 Arbousset & Daumas (1846, 246–47).
4 Stow (1905, 111).
5 Stow & Bleek (1930, caption to pl. 2a); L.V.22.5754 rev.
6 e.g., Schapera (1930); Marshall Thomas (1959, 2006); Marshall (1976, 1999); Howell (1979); Lee (1979, 1993); Shostak (1981); Katz (1982); Wilmsen (1989); Barnard (1992); Valiente-Noailles (1993); Guenther (1999); Keeney (1999, 2003); Gordon (1992).
7 Katz et al. (1997); Marshall (1999).
8 Biesele (1993); Guenther (1999); Barnard (1992).
9 Guenther (1999); Hewitt (2008).
10 Lewis-Williams (1992).
11 e.g., Guenther (1999); Hewitt (2008); cf. Lewis (1989).
12 Bleek (1956, 382).
13 Bleek (1956, 382).
14 Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 102).
15 Bleek (1956, 255).
16 Bleek (1956, 457).
17 Barnard (1985, 83, 85).
18 Katz et al. (1997, 26, 58, 110).
19 Bleek (1956, 422).
20 Marshall (1999, 48); Katz (1982, 118–40).
21 Biesele (1993, 75).
22 Barnard (1985, 84).
23 Bleek (1956, 569, 320).
24 Bleek (1935, 28–29).
25 Bleek (1935, 10–11).
26 Bleek (1956, 436–37).
27 Orpen (1874, 10).
28 Marshall (1999); Katz (1982); Biesele (1993); Lee (1993).
29 Biesele (1993, 109).
30 Arbousset & Daumas (1846, 247).
31 Kriel (1958).
32 Bleek (1956, 320); original parenthesis; cf. Butler (1997).
33 Bleek (1935, 12).
34 Lewis-Williams (1981, 88).
35 Bleek (1935, 22, 23).
36 Bleek (1956, 425).
37 Katz (1982).
38 L.V.10.4744–4750, 4755–4757.
39 Stow & Bleek (1930, caption to pls 13 and 14).
40 Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 97–98).
41 Bleek (1935, 45).
42 L.V.10.4745 rev.
43 Bleek (1933, 378).
44 Bleek (1935, 13).
45 Lewis-Williams (1981, 78).
46 Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 99).
1 Biesele (1993, 72).
2 Bleek (1956, 24).
3 Bleek (1935, 13).
4 Bleek (1928, 12); cf. Schapera (1930, 67).
5 Lewis-Williams et al. (2000).
6 See, e.g., Siegel (1977); Klüver (1966); Bressloff et al. (2000); for a summary see Lewis-Williams (2002b, 121–35), (2010).
7 Lewis-Williams (2010, 144–54).
8 Katz (1982, 235–36).
9 Lewis-Williams (2002, 121–35); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2005, 39–59).
10 e.g., Schapera (1930, 198); Biesele (1993, 70–72); Keeney (2003).
11 Lewis-Williams (1997); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004, 189–91).
12 L.II.6.669 rev.
13 Keeney (1993, 105).
14 Katz et al. (1997, 112).
15 Katz et al. (1997, 24).
16 Biesele (1980, 56, 61).
17 England (1968, 431–32).
18 Guenther (1986, 219–20).
19 Katz et al. (1997, 108).
20 Ibid.
21 Lewis-Williams et al. (2000).
22 Lewis-Williams & Dowson (1990); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 147, 181–82).
23 Schmidt (1973); Lewis-Williams (1981, 117–26); Hewitt (2008, 97–114).
24 Bleek (1924, 16, 33).
25 Bleek (1924, 16).
26 L.8.17.5434 rev.
27 Lewis-Williams (2002, 78, 89–91).
28 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 25).
29 Bleek (1924, 27).
30 Bleek (1924, 41).
31 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 361); Bleek (1935, 41).
32 Bleek (1935, 41).
33 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 11); Campbell (1815, 29).
34 Bleek (1924, 45–46).
35 Bleek (1924, 44).
36 Campbell (1872: 2, 32–33).
37 Keeney (1999, 47).
38 Keeney (1999, 59–60).
39 Bleek (1932, 233–40); see also Silberbauer (1965, 49); Vinnicombe (1976, 300–01); Lewis-Williams & Biesele (1978); Lewis-Williams (1981, 55–67), (2002a, 229–32).
40 Lewis-Williams (2002a, 231).
41 Marshall Thomas (1959, 66).
42 Marshall Thomas (1959, 65, 660).
43 Bleek (1924, 10).
44 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 3).
45 Marshall (1999, 77).
46 Lewis-Williams (1981, 14).
47 Arbousset & Daumas (1846, 256).
48 England (1968, 401).
49 Marshall (1962, 247); see also Marshall (1999, 148).
50 Bleek (1924, 12).
51 L.V.17.5265; Lewis-Williams (1981, 56–57).
52 Schmidt (1973, 119).
53 Bleek (1936, 143); Lewis-Williams (1996, 138, 140, fig. 3).
54 Bleek (1956, 315).
55 Katz et al. (1997).
56 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 13).
57 Bleek (1956, 557); also Bleek (1924, 27).
58 Marshall (1962, 250), (1965, 272), (1999, 68); see also Marshall Thomas (1959, 130).
59 Marshall (1962, 228, 232–33); England (1968, 453).
60 L.2.27.2463 rev.
61 Arbousset & Daumas (1846, 253).
62 See, e.g., Johnson (1910, fig. 35); Rudner (1957, pl. xxvi); Rudner & Rudner (1970); How (1962, 28).
63 Lewis-Williams (1981, 124, 126).
64 Orpen (1874, 3).
1 Baines ([1850] 1964, 19).
2 Dornan (1925, 167).
3 Ibid.
4 Campbell (1815, 139).
5 Doke (1936, 469).
6 Barrow (1801:1, 284).
7 Alexander (1837, 314, 315).
8 Alexander (1837, 316).
9 Alexander (1837, 317).
10 Bleek (1875, 20).
11 Willcox (1963, 35).
12 Leeuwenburg (1970).
13 Ibid.
14 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 395).
15 L.VIII.1.6063–6068; Lewis-Williams (1977), (2002a, 222–23); Lewis-Williams et al. (1993).
16 Bleek (1933); Lewis-Williams (1981, 103–16); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 137–57).
17 L.VIII.1.6074–6077.
18 Keeney (1999, 60).
19 L.V.3.4993–4994.
20 Katz (1982); Marshall (1969, 363).
21 e.g., Lewis-Williams & Dowson (1999, figs 15, 20, 28, 29); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, figs 5.1, 5.3, 5.4, 6.5, 7.8).
22 L.V.3.4995.
23 Marshall (1969, 351–52); Katz (1982, 46, 168, 263); Lewis-Williams & Dowson (1999, 48–49).
24 L.V.13.4994–4995.
25 L.VIII.1.6063–6064.
26 Hollman (2004).
27 Lewis-Williams (1981, 1992); Lewis-Williams & Biesele (1978); Barnard (1992, 2007).
28 Bleek (1874).
29 Hollmann (2003, 2005).
30 e.g., Van der Riet et al. (1940, pl. 23); Rudner & Rudner (1970, figs 48b); Rudner & Rudner (1978, fig. 4.20).
31 Hollmann (2005, fig. 7).
32 e.g., Barber (1971, 103); Siegel (1977); Blanke et al. (2002).
33 Bleek (1935, 18).
34 L.V.21.5696–5707.
35 Bleek (1956, 465).
36 Bleek (1956, 296, 431).
37 L.V.21.5698–5699.
38 Biesele (personal communication).
39 L.V.21.5701–5702.
40 L.V.21.5706–5707.
41 L.VIII.1.6067–6068.
42 Hollmann (2003, table 3).
43 Fry (1988); Chantler (1999).
44 Hollmann (2005).
1 Orpen (1874, 10).
2 Lloyd (1889, 28).
3 Vinnicombe (1976, 101), (2009).
4 Challis (2005).
5 Vinnicombe (1976, fig. 239).
6 Lewis-Williams (2000, 53).
7 Bleek (1875, 20).
8 Crause (personal communication, 2010).
9 B.XXVII.2540–2608; L.V.25.6008–6013; Bleek (1933, 375–78), (1935, 14–15).
10 Bleek (1933, 297–312, 375–92).
11 Bleek (1933, 375–76).
12 Orpen (1874, 10).
13 Bleek (1874, 12).
14 B.XXVII.2540–2608; Bleek (1875, 18).
15 See also Bleek (1933, 375–78).
16 cf. Vinnicombe (1976, 336); Lewis-Williams (1980).
17 Bleek & Lloyd MS, L.V.6.4385 rev.; Bleek (1933, 301).
18 Orpen (1874, 3).
19 Challis (forthcoming, 2011); Hoff (1997, 1998).
20 Schmidt (1979).
21 Orpen (1874, 2).
22 Orpen (1874, 3).
23 Mitchell & Challis (2008, 459).
24 Ibid.
25 Orpen (1874, 2).
26 Lewis-Williams (1980); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 171–72); Solomon (1997).
27 Lewis-Williams (1980, 474).
28 Challis (2005).
29 Bleek (1935, 15).
30 Bleek (1935, 46), (1936, 144); Lewis-Williams (1981, 77).
31 Jolly (1995, 2006).
32 B.XXVII.2540 rev.
33 L.V.13.4989.
34 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 193–99); Schmidt (1979); Hewitt (2008, 49–69).
35 Lewis-Williams (1981, 106–16), (2002a, 222–23).
36 Bleek (1933, 309).
37 Bleek (1933, 378).
38 Bleek (1936, 135).
39 Bleek (1875, 12).
40 Bleek (1933, 389).
41 B.27.2545–2546.
42 Bleek (1933, 376), (1956, 678).
43 Bleek (1936, 135).
44 Bleek (1956, 550).
45 Bleek (1874, 12).
46 Schmidt (1979); Lewis-Williams (1981, 41–53); Marshall (1999, 187–202); Hewitt (2008, 205–11).
47 Bleek (1933, 300).
48 Bleek (1933, 382).
49 Bleek (1935, 23).
50 Bleek (1935, 2, 4).
51 Bleek (1935, 14–15); L.5.25.6008–6013.
52 L.5.25.6007 rev.
53 Biesele (1993, 93–94).
54 Bleek (1956, 196).
55 L.5.25.6009.
56 On this point, see James (2001, 212).
57 Bleek (1935, 22–23).
58 L.5.3.4126 rev.
59 Bleek (1956, 425); Lewis-Williams (1981, 78).
60 Katz (1982); Marshall (1999, 88).
61 Bleek (1956, 238).
62 Bleek (1935, 15, 25).
63 Bleek (1935, 18).
64 Lewis-Williams et al. (2000).
65 Shapera (1930, 198).
66 e.g., Bamboo Mountain, Vinnicombe (1976, fig. 240); for a complete copy, see Lewis-Williams (2003, fig. 56).
67 Bleek (1924, 66).
68 Marshall (1999, 167).
69 Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 13–19).
70 Keeney (1999, 45).
71 Goodwin (1938, 253, pl. VIA); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 63–65).
1 Stow & Bleek (1930, caption to pl. 12).
2 Stow (1905, p.xiv).
3 Stow & Bleek (1930).
4 Frobenius (1931, pl. 133).
5 Dowson et al. (1994).
6 Stow & Bleek (1930, pl. 12).
7 Stow & Bleek (1930, caption to pl. 12).
8 Alexander (1838:1, 289–90); Bleek (1932, 55, 56); Marshall Thomas (2006, 157–73); Marshall Thomas (1994, 119).
9 Woodhouse (1979, 133).
10 Alexander (1838:2, pl. 14, p.181).
11 e.g., Pager (1971).
12 e.g., Stow & Bleek (1930, pls 7, 16, 21, 32).
13 Vinnicombe (1976, 218, 332); Lewis-Williams (1981, 95–97), (1985); Hollmann (2004, 33–36).
14 Biesele (1996, 149).
15 Marshall Thomas (2006, 168).
16 Bleek (1932, 53, 57).
17 L.2.26.2339.
18 Bleek (1932, 233).
19 Bleek (1932, 61).
20 Ibid.
21 Bleek (1932, 58).
22 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 267).
23 Bleek (1932, 47, 50, 60), (1933, 390).
24 Bleek (1932, 61); cf. Mackenzie (1871, 151).
25 Bleek (1932, 55).
26 Bleek (1932, 61).
27 Bleek (1956, 291).
28 Bleek (1932, 62–63); cf. Bleek (1911, 183, 187); Fourie (1928, 102).
29 Bleek (1932, 61).
30 Bleek (1911, 187).
31 Bleek (1935, 3).
32 Bleek (1935, 2).
33 Ibid.
34 Bleek (1935, 23).
35 Bleek (1936, 131–34); Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 236).
36 Bleek (1935, 132).
37 Bleek (1936, 131); Hollmann (2004, 279).
38 Katz (1982, 227); see also Lee (1967, 35).
39 Katz et al. (1997, 24).
40 Guenther (1999, 187).
41 Heinz (1975, 29).
42 Biesele (1993, 11).
43 Marshall (1999, 238).
44 Biesele (1993, 11).
45 Barnard (1985, 83).
46 Guenther (1999, 187).
47 Biesele (1993, 111).
48 Biesele (1993, 88, 109–11).
49 L.2.22–24.1548–1652.
50 Vinnicombe (1976, 210, 211, 259).
51 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 27).
52 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 85–98); on the Dawn’s-Heart Star, see Hewitt (2008, 71–82).
53 Orpen (1874, 10).
54 Bleek (1936, 149).
55 Lee (1967, 33).
56 cf. Katz (1982, 106–07).
57 e.g., Marshall (1962, 251).
58 Marshall (1969, 352, 371, 378).
59 Lewis-Williams (1985).
60 Lewis-Williams (1981, 81); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 90, 97–100, 112).
61 Katz (1982, 100).
62 Katz (1982, 165).
63 Lewis-Williams (1981, 84–100); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 159–75).
64 Lewis-Williams (1981, 88).
65 Bleek (1935, 2).
66 Bleek (1924, 16); Lewis-Williams (1996, 128).
67 Bleek (1924, 33).
68 Katz (1982, 46).
69 Lewis-Williams (1985).
70 Pager (1971, 321); for comparable results, see Vinnicombe (1976, 215); Lewis-Williams (1972, 51); Lewis-Williams (1974).
71 Vinnicombe (1976, 215).
72 e.g., Fock & Fock (1989, 41).
73 Vinnicombe (1976, 218).
74 Biesele (1978, 927–28).
75 Lewis-Williams (1995b).
76 Lewis-Williams & Dowson (1990); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a).
77 Lewis-Williams (1986); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 147, 180–81, 200).
78 Lewis-Williams (1985).
79 Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 2004b).
80 Summers (1959, pls 28, 29, 30, 31, 50, 55, 57); Garlake (1995, pls xxi, xxii, xxiii, xxiv; figs 102, 103, 104, 123, 127, 180); Walker (1996, figs 54, 75, 89).
81 Eastwood & Eastwood (2006, 127).
82 Frobenius (1931).
83 Holm (1957, 69).
84 Rudner & Rudner (1970, 86, 87).
85 Cooke (1969, 42).
86 Cooke (1969, 42); Pager (1971, 349–52), (1973).
87 Rudner & Rudner (1970, 87); Lee & Woodhouse (1970).
88 Garlake (1995, 96); on the gebesi, see Katz (1982, 45, 46).
89 Mguni (2005).
90 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 199, 207, 259–61); Bleek (1924, 23–24, 51); Arbousset & Daumas (1846, 244).
91 Bleek (1936, 161).
92 Ibid.
93 Ibid.
94 Pager (1971, 1973, 1975).
95 Bleek (1924, 47).
96 Marshall Thomas (1969, 145).
97 Bleek (1875, 11).
98 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 353–55).
99 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, pl. 19).
100 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 353–59).
101 Bleek (1935, 13).
102 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 355–57).
103 Marshall (1969, 362).
104 Marshall (1969, 370).
105 See also Bleek (1932, 246); Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 197).
106 Marshall (1962, 249).
107 Edwin Wilmsen (personal communication).
108 Marshall (1999, 73, 76–77).
109 Bleek (1924, 2).
110 Bleek (1933, 390–91).
1 Orpen (1874, 6).
2 Orpen (1874, 2).
3 Orpen (1874, 3).
4 Orpen (1874, 10).
5 e.g., Propp (1968).
6 e.g., Leach (1969, 1974); Lévi-Strauss (1967).
7 Lewis-Williams (1996, 1997).
8 Macksey & Donato (1972).
9 For examples see Lewis-Williams (1983, 44–54), and more especially (1996, 1997); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2005, 149–68); Vinnicombe (1975).
10 Lewis-Williams & Loubser (1986).
11 Whitehouse (2000).
12 Lensen-Erz (1989, 366–69); see Lewis-Williams (1990, 1992a) for further discussion.
13 Lewis-Williams (1972, 1974, 2006); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 2008, 2009).
14 Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 99).
15 Biesele (1993, 72).
16 Biesele (1993, 74).
17 Lewis-Williams & Dowson (1990); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a).
18 Lewis-Williams (1996, 2003); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 51–55).
19 Orpen (1874, 3).
20 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 198–205).
21 Summarized from Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 198–205).
22 Marshall (1999, 187–202); Lewis-Williams (1981, 41–54); Hewitt (2008, 205–21).
23 Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, fig. 3.7).
24 On rain and mediators see Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a).
25 Orpen (1874, 10).
26 Dowson (1988); Dowson & Lewis-Williams (1999, 140).
27 e.g., Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 112–17).
28 Lewis-Williams & Dowson (1999, 88–89).
29 Bleek (1933, 303).
30 Orpen (1874, 8–9).
31 Bleek (1874, 11).
32 Orpen (1874, 8–9).
33 Bleek (1928, 7); Marshall (1962, 236, 243).
34 L.2.14.1365.
35 Biesele (1978, 927), (1993, 86–87).
36 Marshall (1962, 249).
37 Marshall (1999, 73).
38 Marshall (1999, 76–77).
39 Hahn (1870, 120); Stow (1905, 86); Marshall (1960, 336).
40 Stow (1905, 86); see also Borcherds (1861, 115); How (1962, 46).
41 See also Chapman (1868:1, 273).
42 Ellenberger (1953, 98).
43 Cumming (1850:2, 177).
44 Bleek (1924, 41).
45 L.2.14.1363.
46 Pager (1971, 345–52), (1975, 28, 94); see also Mazel (1982).
47 Lewis-Williams & Dowson (1999, 62–63, 108).
48 Biesele (1993, 72).
49 Biesele (1993, 71).
50 Lewis-Williams (1997).
51 Orpen (1874, 7–8).
52 Orpen (1874, 6, 3).
53 Orpen (1874, 6–7).
54 Lewis-Williams (1981).
55 Bleek (1924, 2–9).
56 Bleek (1924, 3).
57 Bleek (1924, 12).
58 Bleek (1924, 11).
59 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 193); Bleek (1933, 309).
60 Lewis-Williams (1996, 1997).
61 Orpen (1874, 3).
1 Orpen (1874, 4).
2 Orpen (1874, 8).
3 Orpen (1874, 3–4).
4 Orpen (1874, 4).
5 Ibid.
6 Wright & Mazel (2007).
7 Grab & Nash (2009).
8 Note: Seashells found in rock shelters on the far side of the escarpment were either taken there by people who had been to the sea or were traded from person to person until they found their way to the highest parts of the subcontinent; Mitchell (1996), (2002, 155–56).
9 Vinnicombe in Carter (1970); Vinnicombe (1976); Mitchell (2002, 169).
10 Wright & Mazel (2007).
11 Orpen (1874, 3).
12 Mitchell (2009, 183); notes to Vinnicombe (2009).
13 Vinnicombe (2009, 168).
14 Vinnicombe (2009, 172).
15 Vinnicombe (2009, 168).
16 Ibid.
17 How (1962, 37).
18 Jolly (1986); Lewis-Williams (1986); Jolly & Prins (1990).
19 How (1962, 37).
20 Watts (2002).
21 How (1962, 34).
22 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 379).
23 Orpen (1874, 4).
24 Bleek (1935, 12, 19, 22, 34); cf. Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 113, 115); see also Marshall (1969, 374).
25 Bleek (1935, 1, 34); Lewis-Williams (1981, 78); Campbell (1815, 316).
26 Bleek & Lloyd (1911, 113).
27 L.V.4.4180.
28 Bleek (1956, 352).
29 L.V.4.4157.
30 L.II.27.2463 rev.
31 Hollmann (2004, 163).
32 Bleek (1956, 633); without the vowel-extending colon, //xau means ‘to fly’; Bleek (1956, 632–33).
33 Deacon (1986, 1988, 1997); Deacon & Foster (2005).
34 Deacon (1997).
35 Passage omitted from Bleek (1933); L.II.24.2232–2233; Hollmann (2004, 156).
36 Bleek (1933, 308).
37 Bleek (1933, 309).
38 Ibid.
39 Bleek (1933, 310).
40 Deacon (1988, 1997).
41 Bleek (1936, 135–41).
42 Ibid.
43 Bleek (1936, 136).
44 Bleek (1924, p.viii).
45 Deacon (1986).
46 Deacon (1997).
47 Bleek (1933, 299).
48 Dowson (1992).
49 Loendorf (2004, 201–02).
50 Francis & Loendorf (2002); Loendorf & Stone (2006).
51 Francis & Loendorf (2002, 194).
52 Hultkrantz in Loendorf (2004, 205).
53 Francis & Loendorf (2002, 110); see also Loendorf (2004).
54 Loendorf (2004, 205).
55 Loendorf (2004, 214).
56 Loendorf (2004, 205).
57 Loendorf (2004, 206).
58 Loendorf (2004, 210).
59 Loendorf (2004, 211).
60 Culin (1901, 17); quoted in Francis & Loendorf (2002, 120).
61 Francis & Loendorf (2002, 123).
62 Francis & Loendorf (2002, 195).
63 Francis & Loendorf (2002, 123).
64 Whitley et al. (2004).
65 Isaiah 57:7.
66 Exodus 19:9, 12, 13.
67 Lewis-Williams (2002b, 2010); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2005).
68 Francis & Loendorf (2002, 29–30).
69 Bleek (1935, 18).
70 Biesele (1993, 71).
71 Biesele (1993, 70–72).
72 Francis & Loendorf (2002, 30).
73 Lewis-Williams (2002b, 2010); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a).
74 Smith & Blundell (2004).
1 Lee (1976, 17).
2 Gordon (1992, 1997); Lewis-Williams (1995a, 1995c); Bank (2006).
3 Shaw (1820, 25).
4 Pearse (1973, 7).
5 Stow (1905, 230).
6 Van der Post (1958, 1961).
7 Van der Post (1958, 13).
8 Jones (2001, 4).
9 Blurton Jones & Konner (1976).
10 Blurton Jones & Konner (1976, 339).
11 Blurton Jones & Konner (1976, 343–44).
12 L.V.17.5316 rev.
13 Bleek (1932, 238).
14 Lewis-Williams (1981, 58).
15 Lewis-Williams (1981, 59); Biesele (personal communication).
16 Liebenberg (1990).
17 Liebenberg (1990, 29, 153–65).
18 Bleek (1932, 62).
19 Bleek (1935, 18).
20 Bleek (1935, 15, 25).
21 Exodus 7:9, 10, 15.
22 Matthew 3:16; Mark 1:10.
23 Lewis-Williams (2002b); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2005).
24 Siegel & Jarvik (1975, 104–05).
25 Siegel & Jarvik (1975, 107).
26 Siegel & Jarvik (1975, 132).
27 Hultkranz in Loendorf (2004, 205).
28 Klüver (1966, 71–72).
29 Lewis-Williams (2002b); Lewis-Williams & Pearce (2004a, 2005).
30 Blurton Jones & Konner (1976, 346).
31 Blurton Jones & Konner (1976, 348).
32 Geertz (1983, 119–20).
33 Geertz (1983, 119).