ENDNOTES
Introduction
1 Sari Horowitz and Philip Rucker, “A Bold New Defense: Presidents Cannot Obstruct Justice,” Washington Post, December 4, 2017.
2 Max Farrand, ed., Records of the Constitutional Convention of 1787 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1911), vol. 2, p. 65.
3 Jonathan Elliot, The Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University, 2009), vol. 1, p. 467.
Chapter One
1 Merrill Peterson, ed., The Portable Thomas Jefferson (New York: Penguin, 1975) (letter to George Hay, June 20, 1807), p. 156.
2 119 Congressional Record 11913 (April 15, 1970).
3 Farrand, Records of the Constitutional Convention, vol. 2, p. 550.
4 Ibid.
5 Clinton Rossiter, ed., The Federalist Papers, (New York: New American Library, 1961), p. 396.
Chapter Two
1 Chester Hearn, The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson (North Carolina: McFarland, 2007), p. 41.
2 W.E. Burghardt Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America 1860-80 (New York: Free Press, 1998), p. 259.
3 William Teignmouth Shore, Charles Dickens and his Friends (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Library, 1909), p. 296.
4 John Y. Simon, The Papers of Ulysses S Grant: January 1–September 30, 1867 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991), vol. 17, p. 269.
5 David Miller Dewitt, The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson (New York: Macmillan, 1903), p. 175.
6 Ibid., 396.
7 Theodore Clarke Smith, The Life and Letters of James Abram Garfield: 1831-77 (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 1868), p. 424.
8 Dewitt, The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson, p. 401.
9 Ibid., 402.
10 John Labovitz, Presidential Impeachment (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1978), p. 66.
11 Dewitt, The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson, p. 415.
12 Ibid., 416.
13 Benjamin Perley Poore, The Trial of Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, Before the Senate of the United States in Impeachment by the House of Representatives for High Crimes and Misdemeanors (Andesite Press, 2015), p. 629.
14 Ibid., 82.
15 Ibid.
16 Labovitz, Presidential Impeachment, p. 72.
17 Poore, The Trial of Andrew Johnson, p. 266.
18 Ibid., 307.
19 Ibid., 273.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid., 301.
22 Ibid., 325.
23 Ibid., 468.
24 Dewitt, The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson, p. 413.
25 Richard Ruddy, Edmund G. Ross, Soldier, Senator, Abolitionist (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2013), p. 136.
26 Warren Bowen, Andrew Johnson and the Negro (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1989), p. 142.
27 Poore, The Trial of Andrew Johnson, p. 247.
28 Dewitt, The Impeachment and Trial of Andrew Johnson, p. 584.
29 Poore, The Trial of Andrew Johnson, p. 328.
Chapter Three
1 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Richard Nixon (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1967), p. 952.
2 Stanley Kutler, ed., Watergate: A Brief History with Documents (Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010), p. 30.
3 Theodore White, Breach of Faith: the Fall of Richard Nixon (New York: Dell, 1986), p. 243.
4 Elizabeth Drew, Washington Journal: The Events of 1973–1974 (New York: Random House, 1974), p. 69.
5 Carroll Kilpatrick, “Nixon Tells Editors, ‘I’m not a crook’” Washington Post, November 18, 1973, p. A1.
6 Sam Ervin, The Whole Truth: The Watergate Conspiracy (New York: Random House, 1980), p. 26.
7 Impeachment: Selected Materials (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998), p. 27.
8 Drew, Washington Journal, p. 227.
9 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Richard Nixon, 391.
10 Clifton Daniel, “Leaks: A Fact of Life,” New York Times, June 29, 1974.
11 Ervin, The Whole Truth, p. 272.
12 Drew, Washington Journal, p. 322.
13 Ibid., 323.
14 Stephen Stathis, Landmark Speeches in Congress: From the Declaration of Independence to the War in Iraq (Washington: CQ Press, 2009), p. 423.
15 Annie Groer, “Larry Hogan, Chip Off the Ol’ Block,” Roll Call, June 22, 2016.
16 Drew, Washington Journal, p. 346.
17 Ibid., 348.
18 Ibid., 398.
Chapter Four
1 Referral from Independent Counsel Kenneth Starr in Conformity with the Requirements of Title 28 United States Code Section 585(c) (Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998).
2 “Conyers Opening Remarks on Inquiry,” Washington Post, October 5, 1998.
3 Edwin Chen, “Watergate Words Ring During Debate,” Los Angeles Times, October 6, 1998.
4 David P. Schippers, Sellout: The Inside Story of President Clinton’s Impeachment (Washington: Regnery, 2000), p.75.
5 Peter Baker, The Breach: Inside the Impeachment and Trial of William Jefferson Clinton (New York: Scribner, 2000), p. 122.
6 “The Impeachment Hearings: Ranking Member Rep. John Conyers’ Opening Statement,” Washington Post, November 19, 1998.
7 Ibid.
8 Baker, The Breach, p. 174.
9 Ibid., 180.
10 Ibid., 184.
11 Ibid.
12 Ibid., 203.
13 Ibid., 205.
14 Ibid., p. 206.
15 John Broder, “Contrite Clinton Invites Censure,” New York Times, December 12, 1998.
16 “Full Text of Livingston Statement,” CNN.com, December 17, 1998.
17 “Henry Hyde Opening Statement,” Washington Post, December 18, 1998.
18 “Richard Gephart Opening Statement,” Washington Post, December 18, 1998.
19 Ruth Marcus, “Respect Election or ‘Cleanse the Office’?” Washington Post, January 17, 1999.
20 “Transcript: former Senator Dale Bumpers,” CNN.com, January 21, 1999.
21 Baker, The Breach, p. 334.
22 Ibid., 342.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid., 394.
Chapter Five
1 Farrand, Records of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, vol. 2, p. 427.
2 Jody Baumgartner, The American Vice Presidency Reconsidered (Westport: Praeger, 2006), p. 3.
3 Michael Beschloss, “The Vice President Who Pulled a Gun on Truman,” New York Times, April 22, 2014.
4 David McCullough, John Adams (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002), p. 402.
5 John Feerick, The Twenty-fifth Amendment: Its Complete History and Applications (New York: Fordham University Press, 1992), p. 10.
6 Richard Nixon, Six Crises (New York: Doubleday, 1962), p. 144.
7 James Reston, “Why America Weeps: Kennedy Victim of Violent Streak He Sought to Curb in the Nation,” New York Times, November 23, 1963.
8 Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, Lyndon B. Johnson (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1967), vol. 2, p. 8.
9 Feerick, The Twenty-fifth Amendment, p. 214.
10 Ross Douthat, “The Twenty-fifth Amendment Solution for Removing Trump,” New York Times, May 16, 2017.
Chapter Six
1 Jonathan Chait, “Scandal TBD,” New Republic, October 6, 2010.
2 William Rehnquist, Grand Inquests: The Historic Impeachments of Samuel Chase and President Andrew Johnson (New York: William Morrow, 1992), p. 125.
3 Charles Black, Impeachment: A Handbook (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1974), p. 12.
4 Farrand, Records of the Constitutional Convention of 1787, vol. 1, p. 86.
5 Trial of Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, Before the Senate of the United States on Impeachment of the House of Representatives for High Crimes and Misdemeanors (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1868), vol. 3, p. 248.
6 H. Lowell Brown, High Crimes and Misdemeanors in Presidential Impeachment (New York: Palgrave and MacMillan, 2010), p. 56.
7 Christopher Lydon, “Richardson Sidesteps Constitutional Issues,” New York Times, October 24, 1973.
8 Black, Impeachment: A Handbook, p. 3.
9 Richard Posner, An Affair of State (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999), p. 91. (Emphasis in original.)
10 Drew, Washington Journal, p. 329.
11 Ibid., 219.
Chapter Seven
1 See Jo Becker, Adam Goldman, and Matt Apizzo, “Russia Dirt on Clinton? ‘I Love it’ Donald Trump Jr. said,” New York Times, July 11, 2017.
2 Ashley Parker and David E. Sanger, “Donald Trump Calls on Russia to Find Hillary Clinton’s Missing E-mails,” New York Times, July 27, 2016.
3 See Abby Phillip, “O’Reilly told Trump that Putin is a killer. Trump’s reply: ‘You think our country is so innocent?’” Washington Post, February 4, 2017.
4 See Matthew Cooper, “Will Trump’s Smear of McCain Doom His Candidacy?” Newsweek, July 18, 2015.
5 Farrand, Records of the Constitutional Convention, vol. 2, p. 66.
6 Ibid., 68.
7 Black, Impeachment: A Handbook, p. 46. (Emphasis in original.)
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid. (Emphasis in original.)
10 See Barbara Radnofsky, A Citizen’s Guide to Impeachment (Brooklyn, NY: Melville House, 2017), p. 16.
11 The Federalist Papers, 447.
12 Ibid., 448.
13 Ibid., 449.
14 Washington’s Seventh Annual Address to Congress, in James D. Richardson, A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the President, 1789–1897 (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1896), vol. 1, p. 184.
15 Biddle v. Perovich, 274 U.S. 480 (1927).
16 The Federalist Papers, p. 448.
17 See Devlin Barrett and Abby Phillip, “Trump Pardons Former Arizona Sheriff Joe Arpaio,” Washington Post, August 25, 2017.
18 See S.A. Miller and Dave Boyer, “Trump’s Pardon of Libby in 2007 Conviction Reverberates Through Washington,” Washington Times, April 15, 2018.
19 Alan Dershowitz, “Can the President Pardon Himself?” The Hill, July 26, 2017.
20 Joseph Story, Commentaries on the Constitution, vol. 3, Section 1346 (1833).
21 Michael Grynbaum, “Trump Calls the News Media ‘The Enemy of the American People,’” New York Times, February 17, 2017.
Conclusion
1 The Federalist Papers, 469.
2 This oft-quoted Franklin line, the stuff of lore, has not been traced to its original source.