Note: Page numbers in bold indicate a photograph. Page numbers in italics indicate a sidebar.
Adrichem, Pat van, 49, 63, 68, 142, 143, 179, 182, 221
Alexander (barge), 47, 81, 81–82
Anderson, Henry, 120
Andrews, Joyce, 147
arbutus trees, 8
archaeological sites, 9–12, 17, 168, 176–78, 180, 180, 191, 199
Armentieres (warship), 149, 149
Aspdin, Joseph, 33
Associated Cement Company of London, 119, 122
BACM Development Corporation, 190
Bagley, Jean, 136
Bamber, Henry K.G., 120
Bamberton (freighter), 120, 130, 131, 137, 174
Bamberton cement works
in 1930, 132
activity shifts to, 129
closed in Depression, 132
equipment from Tod Inlet site, 132
established, 119–20
increased production, 145, 146
limestone sources, 153
reopens, 126
World War I, 121
World War II, 151
See also cement plant, workings of (Tod Inlet); cement plant complex (Tod Inlet)
Bamberton Provincial Park, 183
Barnard, Frank S., 154
Bartleman, Joe, 161
“BC Camps,” 141
BC Electric Railway Bridge, 82, 83
Beatrice (schooner ), 82
Beetlestone, John, 70, 73, 122
Beetlestone cabin, 70
Belfast (freighter), 83
Bilga, Gurdit Singh, 52–53
blue grouse, 1, 163, 163–64, 164, 211
boating, as pastime, 90–92, 153, 154, 157–59, 175. See also canoes
boating, wartime, 154–57
“bossman,” payments to, 49
Brentwood Bay, 13, 21, 140, 174
Brentwood Bay and Me: 1930-1940 (Pugh), 135
British Columbia Cement Company
accident at vacant plant, 139
amalgamations and mergers, 123, 182–83
closures, rebranding, reopenings, 126, 127, 130
as corporate postmaster, 173
donates lands, 183
family events, 132
logging rights on company land, 168
British Columbia Electric Railway Company, 103, 103–4, 118
British Columbia Pilot, 22
British Columbia Portland Cement Company, 31
Burness Farm, 24–25
bus service, 173
Butchart, Jennie
cement testing, 67
death of, 174
employs Hugh Lindsay, 117
employs Yat Tong, 143
with family, 151
gardening interests, 47–48, 93, 114–15
open house, 79–80
recognized by City of Victoria, 145
travels, 115–16
Butchart, Robert Pim, 84
and Adolph Neu, 67
amalgamates plants, 123
builds house, 47
death of, 174
early ventures, 34–36
electricity to run plant, 103–4
establishes Vancouver Portland Cement Company, 35–36
with family, 151
increases production, 84
other business and personal interests, 48, 93, 116
residence, 80
retires, 131
Tod Creek Dam, 69
and World War I, 121–22
See also Vancouver Portland Cement Company
Butchart Gardens
acquires tile plant moulds, 181–82
aerial view, 1930, 147
aerial view, 1956, 167
Butchart’s Fishway, 208–9, 210
Chinese gardeners, 117
contrasted to cement plant, 211–12
designated historic site, 2, 210–11
development, 114, 114–17, 115, 117
ownership passed to Ian Ross, 151
Ross Fountain, 214
Sikh labourers, 98
as tourist attraction, 144–45, 145, 212
Butler, Bud, 88
Butler, Claude Sr., 78
Butler, Wilfred, 41, 69–70, 87, 88
Butler, Wilfred II, 71–72
Calcite (yacht), 92
Camosun College marine survey, 207, 207
Canada C3 (Coast to Coast to Coast) Expedition, 215, 215–17, 216, 217
Canada Cement Company, 93
Canadian Arctic Expedition (1913–1918), 17
Canadian Kelp Company, 130
Canadian Museum of History, 52
Canadian Pacific Railway Company, 29–30, 31, 34, 54, 144
Canadian Power and Sail Squadrons, 157. See also Tod Inlet Power Boat Owners’ Association
Canadian Society of Civil Engineers, 114
canoes
Indigenous, 21
races, 89, 89, 90–91, 159, 161, 161
See also boating, as pastime
Capital City Yacht Club, 157
Carney, Charles, 37–40
Carrier, Dem, 75, 77, 134, 139, 142, 148, 165, 165, 170
Carrier, Evelyn, 174
Carrier, James R., 130, 132–33, 133, 137, 144, 173
Carrier family and home, 135–37, 136
Cascade, 83
caste system, 55
Cecil, Albert, 169–70
cement
amalgamation of plants (1909), 93
“cement clinker,” 59, 60, 91, 101
competition, 119–20, 122–23, 126
early need for, 33–34
early production, 29–30, 31–33, 34
market slowdown, 120–21
Portland variety, about, 33
prices, 82
projects used in, 47, 82, 130–31
Shallow Lake, 35
shortage, 84
“Vancouver Brand,” 47
See also cement shipping; Vancouver Portland Cement Company
cement plant, workings of (Tod Inlet)
accidents, 55–56, 102, 117, 139
ball mill, 57
demographics and numbers, 88, 95–96, 122, 129
health issues, 58, 59, 61–63, 83, 102, 117–18, 182
kilns, 58, 58–59, 60, 63, 84, 131, 150
maximum production, 112
powerhouse, 56
roll mill (manufacturer’s plate), 58
rotary cooler, 59–60
steam power, 55
storage and shipping, 60–61, 61
temporary closure (1908), 92
working conditions, 81
World War I effects, 120–22
See also Bamberton cement works; Vancouver Portland Cement Company
cement plant complex (Tod Inlet)
in the 1920s, 127
aerial view, 1930, 147
aerial view, 1956, 167
appraisal, 182–83
blacksmith shop, 64, 65, 65, 106, 107
bunkhouse, 68, 69, 77, 96, 121, 173
chemistry laboratory, 65, 66, 66
coal and coal house, 64, 107–8
demolition, 191–92, 196, 197–98
end of, 180–83
“larder” storehouse, 170, 170, 197
laundry building, 142, 142–43, 178
post office, 69–70
See also Bamberton cement works; cement plant expansion (Tod Inlet); Vancouver Portland Cement Company
cement plant expansion (Tod Inlet)
accidents, 102
infrastructure, 103
railway from quarry, 104, 104–5, 105
reasons for, 100
telpher line, 100, 100, 101, 125
See also cement plant complex (Tod Inlet); Vancouver Portland Cement Company
cement shipping
company scow, 148
loading and unloading, 80–81, 83, 84, 85, 98, 107–8, 109, 134–35
marine situation of inlet, 81
ships (1905–1919), 81–82, 83, 111, 125, 125
ships (1920–1944), 126, 134, 145, 145–49
ships, role of, 109–14
World War I, 121
See also cement
“Cement Song,” 135
census, 1921, 129
Central Films, 139
Charlie, Louis, 16
Chinese community
after Tod Inlet plant closure, 141–42
alcohol and opium, 75–77
D’Arcy Island quarantine, 134
early demographics, 46
funeral process, 50
invasion of China by Japan, 150
origins, 41
village, 141–44
See also Chinese labourers; Chinese village
Chinese Immigration Act (1885), 46
Chinese labourers
accidents, 102
at British Columbia Cement Company, 123
at Butchart Gardens, 114–15, 115, 117, 129, 134, 143
census 1921, 129
dwellings, 74–75
exploitation of, 49–50
laundry workers, 142
legacy, 214
limestone excavation, 44, 45, 100
living conditions, 143
occupational health issues, 63, 98
in official records, 41
personal stories, 44–46, 92–93
at plant, 80–81, 85, 95–96, 107–8
plant construction, 38–39, 40, 40, 41, 42
strike, 55
at tile plant, 134
woodcutters, 105–6
World War I, 121
See also Chinese community; Chinese village
Chinese village, 141–44, 142, 169, 176–80, 180
Ching, Louie, 115
Chong, Joe, 115
Chow Fung On, 129
Choy, Bing, 143, 144, 178–79, 179
Churchill, Winston Spencer, 33
Citizens Association to Save the Environment (CASE), 194, 194–95
City of Nanaimo (steamship), 48
clams
baking, 9
clamshell middens, 10, 10, 11, 16, 68
Department of Fisheries incident, 184–85
Claxton, Earl, Jr., 210
clay processing, 57–58, 151–53, 153
Colton Portland Cement Company, 34, 34
Commonwealth Nature Legacy, 195
Connell, Robert, 29, 116, 137–39
Cooper, Manny, 96, 141, 163–64, 165, 184
Copper Inuit, 17
CPR Cement Works, 29
creation story, Saanich people (W̱SÁNEĆ), 7–8
Dale, Bonnycastle, 87, 87, 88, 89–90
D’Arcy Island (leprosy quarantine), 134
Dawn in Arctic Alaska (Jenness), 17
Department of Fisheries incident, clam digging, 184–85
designations, of area, 2
Dheensaw, Jeet, 52, 77, 78, 98
Dhillon, Amrik Singh, 51, 79, 98
Douglas, James, 23
Douglas treaties, 22–23, 161–62, 199–200, 201
Dow, Lim, 115
dryers, role of, 57, 57–58, 130
dusky grouse, 164
Edna Grace (tugboat), 107, 108, 108
Elford, J.P., 119
Elford & Company, 119
Elford deposits, 119
Elliott, Beatrice, 140, 161, 165, 187
Elliott, Charles, 211
Elliott, Dave, Sr.
on Douglas treaties, 23
on early Tsartlip history, 12, 13–14, 16
on environmental concerns, 187, 201
and fishing, 165
on relations with settlers, 131, 161
on Willis Point pasture lands, 140
Elliott, John (STOLȻEȽ), 163, 194, 201
environmental issues, in inlet, 183–86
Erskine, Harry, 117
European exploration and settlement, 21–22
Evans, Coleman & Evans, 181
exploitation, of Chinese labourers, 49–50
families
arrival of, 71
early days of Tod Inlet, 42, 43
Ferguson, Allan, 143
Fernie, Peter, 25–26, 27, 40, 47
Fernie, William, 27
Fernie Beach, 141
fishing
Dave Elliott Sr.’s memories, 14
overfishing, 186
salmon spawning grounds, 19
by settlers, 171–72
Stella Wright’s memories, 15
Tsartlip people, 165–66
Four Years in British Columbia and Vancouver Island (Mayne), 22
Friends of Tod Creek Watershed, 208
Fullagar (coaster), 145–46
Gilbert, Jim, 12, 171, 172, 186, 206
Goldstream Indian Reserve #13, 202
Gowlland, John Thomas, 197
Gowlland Tod Provincial Park
“Black Canyon,” 140
cedar trees, 200
established, 195–97
and Tsartlip First Nation, 199–200
Gowlland Tod Provincial Park Management Plan, 200
Grainer (freighter), 126
Granit, 146
Gray, David, 221
Great Depression, 132
Greer, Thomas, 117
Greig, Robert, 28
grouse, 1, 163, 163–64, 164, 211
Guisbourne, Alice, 147
Guisbourne, Bob, 147
Gulf of Georgia Culture, 11
Haggart, James, 130
Haggart, Thomas, 118
Hamilton, Phyllis, 173
Hartland Road dump, 185–86, 190, 194
head tax. See Chinese head tax
health and safety issues
accidents, 83, 102, 117–18, 182
camp “at Tod Inlet,” 106
dust and heat, 61–63
for Tsartlip people, 96
typhoid fever, 80
Hebda, Richard, 14
Hecate (ship), 21
Hemmings, Herbert, 122
Hills, George, 23
“Hindu Town,” 76
Hiquebran, Joe, 174
Hogan, Patrick, 139
Home Defence Forces, 155
Hudson’s Bay Company, 25
Hungarian partridge (grey partridge), 164
The Indians of Canada (Jenness), 17
interim reconciliation agreement, 200
J. Wriglesworth & Co., 26, 27, 29, 37
Jacobson, Joyce, 144
Japanese Gardens, 114
Jawl, Mony, 53
JESESIṈSET (Tsartlip people). See Tsartlip people (JESESIṈSET)
jobs
“bossman,” 49
Johal, Diwan Singh, 98, 109, 109
Johal, Paul Singh, 109
Johl, Hurdit Singh, 98
Kangaroo, 138, 154, 154, 159, 160
Keddie, Grant, 10
Keith-Fisher, James, 31, 33, 36, 37
kirtan (Sikh devotional song), 51
Kishida, Isaburo, 114
Knappenberger, Harvey, 127, 130
K’ómoks people, 13
Kop Sing, 49
Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw peoples, 12–13
Latasse, David, 6, 13, 13, 14, 17, 131
Latasse, Genevieve, 13, 17, 165
laundry building, 142, 142–43, 178
Laurel Whalen (schooner), 125, 125–26, 126
ȽÁU,WELṈEW̱ (Mount Newton), significance, 7–9
Ledingham, Bill, 65
Lee Yune & Co., 77
Lewis, John Hilliard, 56
lime
early producers, 24–26
Elford deposits, 119
limestone geology, 29
limestone mining, 44, 45, 48, 100
limestone transport, 123–25, 124
need and use for, 24
property purchased by Vancouver Portland Cement Company, 37
shipping, 28
sources for Bamberton site, 153
wartime demand, 153
Lime Kiln Road
in 1904, 30
early 1900s, 70
on early maps, 29
improvements, 144
maps, 1905, 70
situation of, 71–72
Ling, Joe, 115
Logger Lady (boom boat), 167
logging operations, 11–12, 161, 163, 166, 166–69, 168
Losee, William E., 37, 40, 70, 74
Love, William, 107
Lowe, Alan, 44
Lowe Sai, 46
Loy Sing Meat Market, 179, 179
Luce, Charles, 102
Malahat Lime Company, 119
Mallard, Derrick, 194, 194, 195
maps
Lime Kiln Road, 29
logging, 1940s–1950s, 166
power line to inlet, 103
Saanich Inlet and Tod Creek (1862), 23
“South Eastern District” of Vancouver Island (1895), 29
Tod Inlet, 1905, 1909, 1911, 1912, 70
Tod Inlet, 1935, 152–53
Tod Inlet, as in 1920s, 218–19
Marmion (steamer), 110, 110–11, 111, 112, 117, 125
Marpole Culture, 11
Matsqui (freighter), 125, 134, 145, 146, 148
Mayne, Richard, 22
McKenna-McBride Commission (1913), 201
McLaren, Duncan, 11
McMillin, John S., 92
McMillin Lime and Mining Company, 153
middens, 10, 10, 11, 12, 16, 68, 168, 176, 177
military, and Tod Inlet, 149–50, 151, 154–55
Millennia Research, studies on inlet, 199
Milne, G.L., 54–55
Monteagle (steamer), 51
Moody, Sewell, 131
Moran, Nama, 97
Mount Newton (ȽÁU,WELṈEW̱), significance, 7–9
Mount Newton High School, 136
Murphy, James Edward, 37
Neff, Stan, 168
Neilson, David, 177
Neu, Adolph, 66–67
Newlands, L.C., 116
noise, at cement plant, 59
Nowry, Laurence, 52
Ocean Cement and Supplies, 182
On, Goody, 129
Pacific Coast Portland Cement, 30, 31
Pacific Portland Cement Company, 34
Pallan, Gurditta Mal, 53, 53, 61, 62, 77, 79
Pallan, Mukund (Max), 53, 77, 79, 81, 202, 203
Pallan, Nad Lal, 202
Parsell, Ella, 73
Parsell, Mary
on accident at plant, 55–56, 102
on arrival at Tod Inlet, 71
on cement testing, 67
on Chinese cook, 68
on company excursions, 132
on farewell party for Forces recruits, 121
and inlet social life, 74
on quarry accident, 49
on Sikh labourers, 50–51
writes memoirs, 43
Parsell, Norman
on Chinese community, 50, 74, 105–6
on plant’s early days, 55
on school, 73
on ship accident, 117
on Sikh community, 78
on steamer, 110
Parsell family
boating excursions, 90–91
Chinese friends, 75
homes, 72–73
new house, 72
Partridge Hills, 1
beginnings, 131
forested lands, 161
hunting, 162
logging, 167
Lorna Pugh’s description, 135
redevelopment postponed, 191
Pelkey, Christine, 164
Pelkey, Philip, 164
Peninsula Streams Society, 194, 209
The People of the Twilight (Jenness), 17
Pezim, Murray, 195
Pitzer, William, 122
Pitzer family, 73
Portland Cement Construction Company, 120
postal service, 69–70, 129–30, 133, 137, 173
Power Boat Squadrons (PBS), 154–57, 155
pre-emption of land, 23
Princess Ena (ship), 125
Princess Mary (ship), 126
Princess Patricia (ship), 144
Pritchard, Thomas, 23
Prospect Lake, 138
Pugh, Lorna, 78, 135–36, 141, 142
quarries
accident, 48–49
closed, 126
Cobble Hill, 153
flooding, 138–39
fountain, 188–89
new quarry opens, 99–100
operations and structures, 123, 123–25, 124
settlers’ proximity to, 72
racism
anti-Asian, 75
Chinese head tax, 46
discriminatory laws, 92–93
quarantine conditions, D’Arcy Island, 134
raids, 12–13
railway, interurban, 118, 118–19, 123, 131–32
railway, marine, 158–59
Rainbow (steamer), 28
record keeping, official, and race, 41, 42, 50, 51, 95–96
Red Cross, 121
religious services, 74
Richards, George Henry, 21, 22
Richling, Barnett, 17
Robertson, W.R., 96
Ross, Oscar, 117
Royal Canadian Air Force, 155
Royal Canadian Navy, 155
R.P. Rithet (steamer), 28
R.P. Rithet company, 82
Saanich #8, 161
Saanich Lime Company
assets, 28
incorporation and mission, 27
office, 24
and Pacific Coast Portland Cement, 30
quarry, 44
wharf, 40
and Wriglesworth, Joseph, 26, 27, 29
Saanich (W̱SÁNEĆ) people
about, 7
archaeological record of, 9–12, 17
creation story, 7–8
decline in population, 201
food and medicinal plants, 208
Gowlland Tod Provincial Park management, 200
occupations, 96
The Saanich Year (Claxton & Elliott), 17
Sadie (tugboat), 107
Saltwater People (Elliott, Sr.), 12, 13–14, 17
Sampson, John, 162, 162–63, 165
San Francisco earthquake, 84, 84
Scarf, Oscar, 129
SeaChange Marine Conservation Society, 2, 208, 209
Selective Logging Company of Victoria, 168–69
Sellick, William, 23
settlement, of Tod Inlet
dwellings of Chinese labourers, 74–75
Parsell family’s arrival, 71–73
population and demographics, 73–74, 97
racism, 75
Sikh labourers’ living conditions, 76, 77–78, 78, 79
social and religious life, 74
typhoid fever, 80
settlers, early
Burness Farm, 24–25
Greig, John, 24
lime production, 24–29
in official records, 73–74
pre-emption and purchase of land, 23–24
settlers, later
denial of Tsartlip rights, 163
farming, 169–70
fishing, 171–72
hunting and trapping, 170–71
Seven Sisters (orcas), 165–66
sharks, in inlet, 172
Shean (ship), 145, 146, 146, 147, 148
shellfish harvest prohibited, 185, 185, 206
Shon Yuen & Co., 75–77
Sihota, Moe, 195
archaeological traces, 202–3
arrival of, 51–54
cremation ceremony, viii, 50, 50, 85–88, 86, 88
demographics, 97
described by Bonnycastle Dale, 88
naming conventions, 51–52
characterized, 55
legacy, 214
living conditions, 76, 77–78, 78, 79
Mary Parsell on, 50–51
occupational health issues, 61–63, 62, 97–98, 117
personal stories, 52–54, 77–78, 78–80, 109
recruitment, 54
working conditions, 81, 98, 109
World War I, 121
Simpson, Frederick, 122
Sing, Joe, 102
Singh, Inda, 97–98
Singh, Katar, 78
Singh, Tar Gool. See Tar Gool Singh cremation
Singh, Thakar, 53–54
Skeena (warship), 149
slack coal, 55
slaves, 12
Sluggett, Clarence, 150
Sluggett, Claude, 134, 171, 173, 174
Sluggett, George, 95
Sluggett, Jack, 136
slurry (wet process), 94, 101, 102
Smith, Etienne, 90
SṈIDȻEȽ (Tod Inlet). See Tod Inlet
sooty grouse, 164
Spray (tugboat), 107, 108, 108
Squakquoi (cabin cruiser), 154, 155, 158, 159, 160, 168
St. Paul’s Cathedral, 33
Stampede (film), 139, 140, 140
Steelhead LNG, 202
Sunken Garden, 116, 138, 210, 211
surveillance, wartime, of coast, 154–55
Tai Yeu & Co., 75–77
Tamminga-Paton, Karen, 216–17
Tar Gool Singh cremation, 85–88, 86, 88
Tartar (steamer), 51
Teco (freighter), xiii, 125, 125, 134, 145, 146, 148
telephone service, 73
telpher line (telpherage), 100, 100, 101
Thomas, George Albert, 23–24
Thomson, Lorne, 78
tile plant
Chinese labourers at, 134, 144
operation of, 132–35
plant and products, 133
wages, 134
Tod Creek
dike proposed, 191
fishing, 171
map (1862), 23
name origin (W̱EĆEĆE), 1, 2, 22
restoration efforts, 192–94
rock spoil dump, 105
Tod Creek Water Enhancement Society, 192, 208
Tod Inlet (SṈIDȻEȽ)
1982, xiv
abandonment, by First Nations, 12–13
abandonment, by settlers, 175
aerial view, 1926, 142
aerial view, 1982, 187
community declines, 172–74
designated historic site, 213–14
environmental issues, 183–86, 187–90
European exploration and settlement, 21–22
geographical situation, 1–2, 22
historical overview, 1–2
marine environment recovery, 205, 205, 206–10, 207
military use, 149–50, 151, 154–55
population, 23, 73–74, 95–96, 130, 172–73
settlement of, 71–80
social life, 1930s, 135–37
Tsartlip First Nation connection to, 13–16
wildlife today, 203–4
in winter, 19
Tod Inlet, redevelopment
Citizens Association to Save the Environment, 194–95
commercial holdings sold, 195
commercial proposals, 190–91, 195, 201
Gowlland Tod Provincial Park established, 195–97
Tod Creek restoration efforts, 192–94
See also Gowlland Tod Provincial Park
Tod Inlet Power Boat Owners’ Association, 157, 157–58, 159, 185, 192, 197
Tom, Don, 202
Tom, Philip, 161
Tomlin, Nigel, 158
Tomlinson, Ron, 174
tourist excursions to Tod Inlet, 48, 114–17, 144–45, 145, 212
trapping, 164–65
Trowsse, A., 173
Trowsse, Irma, 173
Tsartlip people (JESESIṈSET)
canoe races, 89, 89–90, 90–91, 159, 161, 161
and Citizens Association to Save the Environment, 194
early history at Tod Inlet, 13–16
fishing, 165–66
Goldstream Indian Reserve #13, 202
Gowlland Tod Provincial Park, 199–200
horses and cattle, 140–41
importance of SX̱OX̱ÍEM area, 131
interim reconciliation agreement, 201
land use and loss, 161–62, 163, 169, 201
legacy, 214
occupations, 141
raids by northern peoples, 12–13, 89
significance of Tod Inlet, 1–2, 9, 16
trapping, 164–65
Tsartlip Reserve, 13
yearly round at Tod Inlet, 17–20
Tsawout (East Saanich) people, 7, 96
tuberculosis outbreak, 98
Tubman, Thomas, 73
Turner, Nancy, 14
Twamley, Glen, 169
Vadso (steamer), 83
Vancouver (warship), 149
Vancouver Island Coach Lines, 173
Vancouver Island Directory, 41, 42, 70, 73
Vancouver Island Fish and Game Club, 164
The Vancouver Island Pilot, 22
Vancouver Portland Cement Company
amalgamates with Associated Cement, 123
and Canada Cement Company, 93
Chinese labourers, 44–46, 80–81
established, 35–37
first buildings, 42–43
letterhead, 35
newspaper advertisement, 36
opens plant, 46–47
plant construction, 37–40, 40–41, 43
purchases ship, 82
purpose, 36–37
quarries, 44–46
records, 106–8
Sikh labourers, 51, 54–55, 80–81
See also Butchart, Robert Pim; cement; cement plant, workings of; cement plant complex (Tod Inlet)
Victoria Tug Company, 107
Victoria Water Works, 24
Vincent, Robert, 37–40
Ward, Tom, 158
Ward, W.A., 31
West Saanich School, 136
wharf
and canoe, 42
construction of, 40
for pleasure craft, 158, 175, 185, 226
second, 113
unloading coal, 108
unloading machinery, 64
White’s Portland Cement, 33
Whittaker, Sam, 131
Wirk, Manmohan, 81, 85–86, 98, 109, 202
Women’s Institute, 136
Woodhouse, Bernard, 170
World War I and aftermath, 120–22
World War II, 151, 153, 154–55, 155–56, 156
Wriglesworth, Joseph
background, 26
and Butchart, Robert Pim, 36
buys Greig property, 28
cement production, 29
and Saanich Lime Company, 26–27, 29
W̱SÁNEĆ. See Saanich (W̱SÁNEĆ) people
The W̱SÁNEĆ and Their Neighbours: Diamond Jenness on the Coast Salish of Vancouver Island, 1935 (Richling), 17
Yakima, Washington, 141
yearly round, of Tsartlip people, 17–20
Yen, Joe Do, 63
Youlden, Daryll, 197