A
Aatimaasa, 79
Abhiras, 43
Abiotic elements, 309
Abiotic/edaphic factors, 269
Abrus precatorius, 127, 216, 281
Abutilon hirtum, 216
Acacia caesia, 127
Acacia concinna, 216
Acampe praemorsa, 127
Acaricidal
activity, 215
properties, 215
Achyranthes aspera, 77, 95, 128, 216, 283
Achyranthes bidentata, 128
Acrostichum aureum, 128, 215, 300
Actiniopteris radiata, 128, 215
Adscendens, 163
Aegieceras corniculata, 298
Aesthetic values, 281
African humid tropics, 41
Aganosma cymosa, 129
Agave americana, 129
Agave sisalana, 216
Ageratum conyzoides, 129, 247, 248
Agricultural
expansion, 38
laborers, 20
systems, 99
Ailanthus excelsa, 129
Alangium salvifolium, 129, 217
Albizia chinensis, 283
Albizia lebbeck, 129, 217, 283
Albizia odoratissima, 129
All India Coordinated Research Project on Ethnobiology (AICRPE), 112
Aloe barbadensis, 217
Alpinia calcarata, 130
Alpinia galanga, 130, 217, 247, 248
Alseodaphne semecarpifolia, 130, 217
Alstonia scholaris, 78, 87, 89, 95, 130, 247–250
Alternanthera sessilis, 77, 130, 247, 249
Amalgamates natural elements, 69
Amanita muscaria, 113
Amaranthaceae, 216, 247, 262, 283
Amaranthus cruentus, 130, 262, 270
Amaranthus graecizans, 130
Amaranthus spinosus, 90, 130, 247, 249
Amaranthus tricolor, 130
Amaranthus viridis, 131
Ambutirtha, 84
Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, 268
Anacardium occidentale, 131, 217
Ananas comosus, 131
Anaphalis elliptica, 131
Anaphalis neelgerryana, 131
Ancestral South Indian (ASI), 15
Ancestral spirits, 21, 88, 309
Andrographis, 90, 131, 132, 217, 262, 270
paniculata, 131, 217, 262, 270
Animal
Anisomeles heyneana, 132
Anisomeles malabarica, 132, 283
Annona reticulata, 132
Anogeissus latifolia, 132, 217, 282, 283
Anopheles culicifacies, 245
Anopheles fluviatilis, 245
Anopheles stephensi, 245
Anthelmintic property, 215
Anthocephalus indicus, 92
Anthropogenic diversity, 278, 279
Anthropological survey, 17, 213
Antibacterial agents, 322
Antibiotic residues/microbial counts, 211
Anticancer activity, 118
Antidesma acidum, 132
Antidesma bunius, 132
Antidesma montanum, 132
Antifertility, 133, 140, 144, 302
Antifungal activity, 322
Anti-malarial
agents, 241
programs, 242
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), 210, 211
Anti-parasitic activity, 213
Antipyretic activity, 248
Aporosa bourdillonii, 259
Aporosa cardiosperma, 259
Arabic scholars, 64
Arachis hypogaea, 218
Arecanut inflorescences, 95, 96
Argyreia cuneata, 133
Argyreia elliptica, 133
Argyreia strigosa, 133
Aristolochia, 133, 218, 247, 249
bracteolata, 218
Artemisia nilagirica, 218, 247–284
Artocarpus
adscedens, 218
fysonii, 281
heterophyllus, 79, 93, 263, 284
integrifolia, 281
lakoocha, 218
racemosus, 218
Asplenium nidus, 134
Assigning Human Attributes to Nature, 106
Asteraceae, 216–220, 223–226, 230–232, 284, 290
Ayurvedic
drugs, 115
information, 250
Azadirachta indica, 134, 218, 284
B
Baccaurea courtallensis, 259
Bacopa monnieri, 135
Bagawati/Kuli, 20
Bamboo, 20, 22, 26, 52, 256, 263
germsplasm, 263
Bambusa
bambos, 135
Banjara caravans, 51
Bapujiboa, 31
Barleria acuminata, 281
Barringtonia racemosa, 301
Basella alba, 135
Bauhinia, 135, 136, 247, 249, 284
Bauhinia vahlii, 284
Benincasa hispida, 136
Berberis tinctoria, 136
Betrothal function, 22
Bhoodevi, 84
Bhutappanabana, 88
Bilva (Aegle mormelos), 84, 89
Bilva plant, 91
Biocultural
approaches, 242
assets, 88
Biodiversity, 7, 10, 17, 52, 64, 88, 103, 105, 125, 214, 256, 278, 281, 308, 311, 313
Biogeographical zones, 120
Biological
features, 2
patent laws, 64
Bio-physical environment, 86
sensitivum, 219
Bioprospecting
medicines, 124
venture, 125
Bixa orellana, 136
Blepharistemma membranifolia, 281, 313
Blumea
barbata, 136
eriantha, 136
lacera, 136
Boerhavia diffusa, 137
Bombax malabaricum, 94
Borassus flabellifer, 219
Botanical
empiricism, 61
survey, 112
Bowarrow ritual, 24
Brahmagiri, 84
Brahmin-Priest, 62
Brassica nigra, 137
Breynia retusa, 137
British
colonial forestry, 52
colonial rule, 51
colonists, 19
culture, 51
Forest Laws, 52
Forest Regulations, 52
State’s monopoly, 53
Bruguiera cylindrica, 301
Bruguiera gymnorhiza, 301
Bruguiera sexangula, 301
Bryophyte flora, 11
Buchanania lanceolata, 281, 313
C
Cajanus cajan, 138
Calophyllum apetalum, 120
Calotropis procera, 219
Canavalia gladiata, 261
Canavalia mollis, 281
Canavalia virosa, 139
Canna indica, 139
Cannabis sativa, 219
Capital-intensive process, 125
Capitalist economies, 105
Capparis decidua, 285
Capparis sepiaria, 139
Capsicum annuum, 139
Cardamomum, 5, 20, 28, 151, 223
Cardiospermum halicacabum, 219
Cardiovascular ailments, 260
Carica papaya, 140, 220, 247, 249, 260, 285
Carissa congesta, 140
Caryota urens, 90–97, 140, 220, 281, 285, 312
Cassia absus, 220
Cassia alata, 220
Cassia auriculata, 27, 77, 220, 286
Cassia italica, 220
Cassia occidentalis, 220
Cassytha filiformis, 286
Cataracts, 260
Catunaregum spinosa, 286
Cayratia mollissima, 79
Cayratia pedata, 120, 141, 220, 286
Cerbera odollam, 301
Ceriops decandra, 301
Ceriscoides turgida, 286
Chaemophytes, 118
Chilappathikaram, 43
Chinese traditional medicine, 241
Chlorophytum borivilianum, 120, 220
Chloroquine resistant, 241
Chloroxylon swietenia, 220
Cholanaikkan language, 21
Cholanaikkars/Malainaikkars, 21
Chowdibana, 88
Christian
community, 43
topography, 42
Christianity, 36, 42, 43, 48, 53, 309
Christisonia bicolor, 281
Cinchona officinalis, 241
Cinnamomum malabathrum, 281
Cinnamomum species, 53
Cinnamomum wightii, 142
Cinnamon leaves, 41
Cissus quadrangularis, 143, 221, 279
Citrullus colocynthis, 221
Citrus aurantifolia, 143, 221, 260
Citrus limon, 143
Cleistanthus collinus, 221
Clematis roylei, 221
Clerodendrum serratum, 144
Clinicsto-laboratories, 125
Clitoria ternatea, 144
Coccinia grandis, 144, 221, 259, 260
Cocculus hirsutus, 144
Collatt Vaidyan, 62
Colonial exploitation, 52
Commercial
domination/aggression, 38
pressures, 61
Commiphora caudata, 145, 282, 286
Commoditization, 105
Common era (CE), 42
Community origin story, 106
Comprehensive documentation, 243
Conflict resolution, 7
Conocephalum conicum, 321, 324
Conservation and management, 299
Conservation assessment and management prioritisation (CAMP), 119, 120
Conservation breeding specialist group (CBSG), 120
Conservation
perspective, 308
practices, 311
soil, 323
Construction materials, 31
Corallocarpus epigaeus, 145, 222
Cordia dichotoma, 145
Coriandrum sativum, 222
Corneal opacity, 213, 219, 228
Coscinium fenestratum, 123, 286
Cosmic matter, 83
Crinum asiaticum, 145
Crinum viviparam, 222
Crossandra undulaefolia, 222
Crotalaria juncea, 145
Croton bonplandianum, 146
Croton roxburghii, 146
Cryptolepis buchanani, 222
Cucumis dipsaceus, 263
Cucumis sativus, 146
Cucurbita maxima, 222
Cucurbitaceae, 221, 222, 226, 227, 232, 247
Cultural
anthropologists, 85
capital, 102
commercial exchange, 43
esthetic values, 214
evolution, 96
heritage landmarks, 88
heroes, 88
social identity, 38
Curculigo orchioides, 222
Curcuma, 79, 146, 147, 222, 287
Curcuma aromatica, 222
Cuscuta reflexa, 147
Cyanotis pilosa, 147
Cyclea peltata, 147, 222, 247, 249
Cyperus rotundus, 148
D
Daareshwara (Lord Daareshwara), 83
Dakshina, 79, 84, 87–95, 245, 246
Documentation and Rapid Assessment of Local Health Traditions (DALHT), 243
Datura
innoxia, 148
metel, 148
Death rituals, 95
Decalepis hamiltonii, 263
Dendrocalamus strictus, 287
Dendrophthoe falcata, 148, 149
Derris heterophylla, 301
Derris scandens, 149
Derris trifoliata, 301
Devaramara, 76
Devendra, 77
Dichrostachys cinerea, 149
Dillenia indica, 95
Diplazium esculentum, 268, 270
Diplocyclos palmatus, 77
Dipterocarpus indicus, 281, 313
Dipterocarpus turbinatus, 282
Diwali festival, 77
Dobradas, 47
Dodonaea angustifolia, 287
Dolichandrone spathacea, 302
Domestic consumption, 282
Domestication, 5, 8, 36, 37, 269
Dominate sources, 279
Dramatic changes, 51
Dravidian, 5, 15, 16, 23–27, 40
Drug discovery, 125
Dynamic interface, 242
Dyspepsia, 127, 132, 148, 163, 185, 186, 229
E
East India Company, 45, 54, 60, 62
Eclipta prostrata, 151
Ecological
categories, 308
history of India, 51
sciences, 114
systems, 103
Ecosystem conservation, 314
Edaphic factors, 278
Eleusine coracana, 151
Embelia basaal, 151
Emblica officinalis, 78
Emilia sonchifolia, 151
Empirical observations, 99
Endogenous
Development methodology, 9, 240–242, 251
knowledge, 251
trans-disciplinarily, 241
Enicostemma axillare, 152
Entada rheedii, 152
Epidemiological data, 250
Epigraphic evidences, 17
Erythraean Sea, 39
Erythrina indica, 79, 152, 224
stricta, 152
Ethnic
knowledge, 5–10, 14, 64, 258, 272, 318
people, 38–42, 44, 52, 60, 279, 308, 309
societies, 5–10, 45, 51, 309–312
tribes, 32
Ethnoagricultural practices., 20
Ethnobotanical, 54, 61, 102, 111–115, 297, 299
exploration, 114
harvested plant products, 47
black pepper, 47
coffee, 47
cotton, 47
grains, 47
indigo, 47
knowledge, 38, 42, 62, 63, 241
literature, 10
medicine, 47
raw drugs, 47
rice, 47
sugar, 47
textiles, 47
tobacco, 47
practices, 262
traditions, 58
work on Western Ghats, 114
Ethnobotany in Human welfare, 117
Ethnodiversity, 14
Ethnographical works, 118
Ethnomedical knowledge, 60, 125
Ethno-medical traditions, 117
Ethnomedicinal
knowledge, 7
values, 117
Ethnomedicobotanical
studies, 117
survey, 117
Ethnopharmacology, 124
Ethnoveterinary, 8, 19, 214, 233
knowledge, 8
medicine, 233
plant taxa, 8
practices, 211–219, 221–229, 231, 233
traditions, 8
Euphorbia indica, 153
Euphorbiaceae, 216–221, 224–230, 259, 265, 283, 287–291, 302
European colonial expansion, 60, 62
European descent, 23
Evolvulus alsinoides, 90
Excoecaria agallocha, 302
Ezhava
classificatory superiority, 63
ethnomedical knowledge, 63
traditional knowledge, 65
F
Fibers classified, 279
brush fibers, 279
filling fibers, 279
natural fibers, 279
paper making fibers, 279
rough weaving fibers, 279
textile fibers, 279
Ficus
hispida, 154
microcarpa, 154
mysorensis, 88
racemosa, 154
Food
production, 53
supplements, 257
Forest
dynamics, 97
Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health and Traditions (FRLHT), 118, 119
Free, prior informed consent (FPIC), 243
Fulmali Nandiwallas, 29
G
Gangadikara Vokkaligas, 91
Gardenia gummifera, 282
Gardenia resinifera, 259
Garuga pinnata, 155
Gavli animals, 29
Genetic
diversity, 122
traits, 122
Geographic
conditions, 269
indication, 269
regions, 81
Geologic evolutionary histories, 2
Geological formation, 83
Germplasm, 270
Gigantic columns, 83
Glaciations, 36
Global
analysis, 120
concern, 303
data, 244
Gloriosa superba, 155
Glycyrrhiza glabra, 156
Gmelina arborea, 156
Guizotia abyssinica, 77
Gymnacranthera canarica, 281
Gymnema sylvestre, 225
Gymnema sylvestre, 288
H
Halakki Vokkaliga, 85–90, 95, 97, 103
Hamiltonii, 263
Harappan civilization, 17
Hardwickia binata, 288
Harvesting calendar, 103
Haviks or Havyaks, 27
Healing deity, 88
Health
challenges, 242
Healthcare herbal decoctionrange, 79
Hemidesmus indicus, 157
Hemionitis arifolia, 215
Hemorrhage and menorrhea, 263
Herbaceous plants, 280
Hibiscus cannabinus, 288
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, 225
Hindu traditions, 83
Hippocratic
agendas, 58
Holoptelea integrifolia, 225
Homalocladus platycladus., 279
Homeostasis and traditional forest, 52
Homogenization, 9
Hortus Malabaricus, 6, 21, 62–65, 113, 320
Hulidevarakadu, 88
Human
affinity with plants, 106
animal diseases, 112
animal health, 233
associations, 82
consumption, 7
ecology studies, 102
groups, 69, 80, 81, 86, 103, 104
habitations, 93
pressure, 278
utilization, 58
welfare, 269
I
Imperial expansion, 64
Indian
Council of Agricultural Research, 213
ethno-veterinary research, 213
mangroves, 304
merchants, 47
philosophy, 83
physicians, 59
knowledge, 104
Indigenous
communities, 69–71, 79–90, 93–99, 103–106
cultural knowledge blossoms, 96
eco-dynamics, 97
folk literature, 97
nature for community life, 98
ecological knowledge, 69, 99, 100, 103–106
human groups, 80
knowledge, 69, 77, 80, 98–104, 113, 215, 256, 257
plant sources, 257
Indigenousness or indianness, 98
Indigofera aspalathoides, 288
Indigofera tinctoria, 225, 288
Indispensible ritual ingredients, 78
Indoneesiella echioides, 247, 249
Industrialized
communities, 82
countries, 83
Ipomoea batatas, 160
Irreplaceable
cultural value, 106
ritual ingredients, 107
Islamization, 6
J
Janakia arayalpathra, 123, 160
Jatakappanabana, 88
Jatropha podogrina, 226
Justicia gendarussa, 161
Justicia wynaadensis, 79, 262, 270
K
Kaalinadi, 84
dynasty, 92
tree, 92
Kadane, 22
Kadans, 22
Kadins, 22
Kakkada Padinetta, 79
Kallulai., 21
Kambattarayan and Kabatteswari, 25
Kandelia kandel, 302
Kannada names of common plants, 93
Anale, 93
Bagine, 93
Bidiru, 93
Halasu, 93
Honne, 93
Hunase, 93
Kyadgi, 93
Matthi, 93
Mundige, 93
Nurakalu, 93
Suragi, 93
Kangas, 31
Karthika month, 78
Kayerthannayya, 94
Keddasa, 85
Kingiodendron pinnatum, 161
Kinship lineage, 96
Kleinia grandiflora, 161
Kochattabannayya, 94
Kodachaadri (Goddess Mookambika), 84
Large regional kingdoms, 84
Koteeshwara (Lord Koteeshwara), 84
Kumara parvata (Lord Subrahmanya), 84
Kunbis, 29, 30, 71, 76, 91, 103
Kunjalis, 49
Kuntsleria keralensis, 281
Kurichiya, 19
Kurumbas, 26
Kurerba Gowdas, 26
L
Large regional kingdoms, 44
calukyas, 44
pallavas, 44
rastrakudas, 44
Leea macrophylla, 162
Leonotis nepetaefolia, 226
Leucas cephalotes, 163
Litsea glutinosa, 226
Lobelia nicotianifolia, 163
Local
ecological knowledge (LEK), 98
navigators, 44
Lord
Hanumantha, 96
Krishna, 78
Parasurama, 83
Luffa cylindrica, 163
Lumnitzera racemosa, 302
Lycopersicum esculentum, 270
M
Macrothamnium submacrocarpum, 322–326
Maddaale, 78
Maddale tree, 78
Maddu Puttu, 79
Madhuca longifolia, 289
Maerua oblongifolia, 164
Major ethnic communities, 17
badagas, 25
cholanaikkars, 21
ezhavas, 21
gavlis, 29
ghadasi kolis, 31
halakki, 28
haviks, 27
jorwee, 29
kadars, 22
kanis, 17
koknas, 30
kotas, 25
kunbis, 30
kurichiyas, 19
kurumbas, 26
mahaske dhangars, 30
mukris, 28
paniyas, 19
phasepardhis, 29
pulayas, 20
siddhis, 28
thakars, 31
todas, 23
Malabar plants, 64
Malaria, 164, 182, 239, 247–251
vaccine, 240
Malarial fever, 8, 148, 173, 241, 243
Mallotus philippensis, 289
Mangifera indica, 165, 226, 281, 289
Manigrammam, 44
Manusmriti, 16
Marathi Naika, 88
Marchantia polymorpha, 321, 322, 326, 328
Materia Medica, 59
Matsya Puranam, 102
Mayuravarma, 92
Medicinal Plants Conservation Areas (MPCAs), 122
Medico-botanical and phytochemical studies, 117
Michelia champaca, 91
Microbial pathogens, 320
Mimusops elengi, 85, 87, 167, 289
Mirabilis jalapa, 167
Mittam or Tharavadu, 19
Mogaviras, 95
Moriche (Mauritia flexuosa), 103
Moringa concanensis, 281
Morphological
characteristics, 320
features, 89
Mother Earth names, 83
Avni, 83
Bhu, 83
Bhumi, 83
Prithvi, 83
Vasudha, 83
Vasundhara, 83
Mucuna monosperma, 281
Mucuna pruriens, 167, 227, 263, 271
Mukia maderaspatana, 168
Multipolar network, 43
Multiregional model, 14
Multistakeholder approach, 242, 251
Mussaenda frondosa, 227
Muthali or ejaman, 27
Myristica fatua, 281
N
Naashini, 84
Nagabana, 88
Nandiwallas, 29
Nanjil nadu, 21
Naringi crenulata, 168
Natural
calamities, 269
diversity, 103
dyes, 279
dyestuff, 279
element, 69, 81, 82, 86, 89, 102
evolutionary course, 122
formations, 80
phenomena, 81
resources, 7, 51, 64, 69, 82, 86, 103, 105, 213, 308
Neckera crenulata, 322, 323, 326
Neolamarckia cadamba, 169
Nerium indicum, 169
Nerium oleander, 169
Nolumbukaran, 20
Nomadic tribes, 16
Nothopodytes foetida, 227
Nutrient supplements, 103
Nutritional
properties, 260
Nutritive value, 280
O
Ocimum basilicum, 228
Oil seeds, 112
Oplismenus compositus, 228
Opuntia stricta, 259
Oral medical traditions, 213
Ornamental plants, 280
Oroxylum indicum, 228
Oshadhi, 113
Oxalis comiculata, 262
Oxalis corniculata, 171, 247, 249, 290
P
Palm wood, 98
Panchmahabhutas, 83
Pandanus tectorius, 93
Pandanus unipapillatus, 79, 85, 93
Pandavas, 23
Pandemic nature, 106
Pantheistic traditions, 309
Paradeshi, 49
Parasitic diseases, 213
Parayans, 40
Parthenium hysterophorus, 290
Passiflora foetida, 171
Pavonia odorata, 171
Pedalium murex, 228
Pellia endivaefolia, 321
Pennisetum americanum, 228
Peoniifolius, 79
Pergularia daemia, 228
Period after 15th century, 45
polity, 50
religion, 48
trade, 45
Period up to 5th century, 37
polity, 43
religion, 42
trade, 38
Periplus Maris Erythrae, 41
Persicaria chinensis, 228
Pharmaceutical industries, 271
Pharmacological information, 250
Pharmacology approach, 126
Phyllanthus
emblica, 259
virgatus, 228
Physalis minima, 173
Physalis peruviana, 173, 228, 247, 249
Phytochemical data, 115
Phytochemistry, 244
Phytogeographic region, 4
Pilgrim centers, 84
Pilgrimage, 84
Piper longum, 173, 229, 248, 249
Plagiochasma appendiculatum, 321
Plant
description, 63
fibers, 279
products, 39, 44, 47, 53, 113, 271, 278
species, 4, 6, 18, 76, 93, 102, 112–120, 210–215, 240, 241, 246, 248, 256–272, 278, 281
Plumbago zeylanica, 229
Plumeria rubra, 174
Political
control, 53
dominance, 51
economy, 53
Pongamia pinnata, 229, 248, 249, 290
Pre-ayurvedic knowledge, 63
Primitive agriculture, 37
Protoaustraloids, 20
Pterocarpus marsupium, 93, 291
Q
Quercus infectoria, 177
R
Raphanus sativus, 230
Rapid Assessment of Local Health Traditions (RALHT), 243
Rastrakudas, 44
Rationalize assessments, 58
Rauvolfia serpentina, 113
Regeneration, 269
effects, 6
rituals, 312
Remusatia vivipara, 262
Resin and gum yielding plants, 278, 282
Resource extraction, 51
Resource management, 103
Reverse pharmacology (RP), 125
Rhinacanthus nasutus, 177
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus), 215
Rhizophora apiculata, 302
Rhizophora lamarckii, 302
Rhizophora mucronata, 298, 303
Riccia fluitans, 322
Rivea hypocrateriformis, 178, 281
River Sharavathi, 84
Royal Botanic Gardens (RBG), 119
Rubia cordifolia, 178, 230, 291
Rubiaceae, 219–221, 226–230, 247, 286, 288–291, 303
S
Sabaeans, 40
Saccharum spontaneum, 291
Sacred Groves (SGs), 11, 107, 308–314
Salicornia brachiata, 298, 303
Sandhis, 22
Sangam, 43
Sansevieria roxburghiana, 230, 291
Satavahana dynasty, 43
Scientific
exchanges, 64
inquiry, 242
Scoparia dulcis, 180
Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea, 303
Semecarpus acuminata, 281
Semecarpus anacardium, 291
Semi-evergreen forests, 28
Sesuvium portulacastrum, 298
Setaria italica, 181
Siddhapura, 76
Silk-cotton tree, 94
Social
dynamics, 101
political institutions, 102
spiritual relations, 100
symbolism, 96
utilitarian importance, 31
utilitarian purposes, 43
Socio-cultural
characteristics, 14
environment, 6
functions, 88
identity, 95
venue, 88
Socio-economic
changes, 99
support, 278
Solanum
americanum, 270
nigrum, 230
rudepannum, 270
surattense, 230
Soliga songs, 97
Sonneratia
alba, 303
apetala, 303
caseolaris, 303
griffithii, 303
Southern Malabar coast, 52
Soymida febrifuga, 182
Spiritual Understanding of Nature, 107
Sterculia villosa, 183
Streblus asper, 183
Strychnos nux-vomica, 89, 94, 231
Strychnos potatorum, 231
Suaeda brachiata, 298
Suaeda nudiflora, 303
Syzigium cuminii, 91
Syzygium aromaticum, 231
Syzygium cumini, 184, 231, 259, 291
Syzygium travancoricum, 281, 313
T
Talakaveri (Goddess Kaveri), 84
Tamarindus indica, 78, 93, 185, 231
Tamarix ericoides, 185
Targionia hypophylla, 321, 322, 328
Taviliol moiety, 24
Technological measures, 269
Terminalia
arjuna, 185
bellirica, 231
tomentosa, 93
Tetrastigma leucostaphylum, 215
Textile industries, 279
Thakars major sub-divisions, 31
Ka-Thakars, 31
MaThakars, 31
Therapeutic
agents, 7
values, 9
Threat Assessment and Management plan (TAMP), 119
Threatened medicinal plants of the western ghats, 119
Thunbergia laevis, 186
Tidal forests, 298
Tinospora sinensis, 186
Tirumal Nandiwallas, 29
Todas known as, 23
Todar, 23
Todavar, 23
Toduvar, 23
Todas sub-categories, 24
Tardarol moiety, 24
higher social status, 24
Taviliol moiety, 24
inferior status, 24
Toddalia asiatica, 186, 232, 292
Totemism, 42
Traditional
conservation of sacred groves, 312
ecological knowledge (TEK), 98
ethno-botanical knowledge, 58
fishermen, 40
food, 11
health practices, 243
Indian botanical knowledge, 58
knowledge, 6, 7, 60–64, 105, 125, 242, 244, 256, 257, 262, 269–272
legal epistemology, 52
management, 233
medicinal knowledge, 6
medicine, 117, 124, 125, 233, 241, 242
recipes, 103
solutions, 242
systems, 279
veterinary health techniques, 233
Tragia involucrata, 186
Trans-disciplinary research (TDR), 242
Trema orientalis, 186
Tribulus terrestris, 187
Trichopus zeylanicus, 18, 115, 259
Trichosanthes tricuspidata, 232
Triticum aestivum, 187
Trivandrum forest division, 114
Tropical fruits, 41
Tuluva communities, 95
U
Ulavi (Lord Ulaveesha), 83
Urban and rural areas, 280
Urban population, 269
Urena lobata, 187
Urginea indica, 188
Urkoottam, 27
Usufruct value, 80
Utilitarian
approaches, 39
economic approach, 7
perspectives, 42
Uvaria narum, 188
V
Vaccine against malaria, 240
Vaishakha and Jyestha, 70
Vallaris solanacea, 232
Valueaddition processes, 125
Value-belief systems, 104
Vamana, 77
Vanda spathulata, 188
Vanda tessellata, 188
Vanda testacea, 188
Vanilla walkeriae, 232
Vector borne disease, 245
Vector mosquitoes, 9
Vedars, 40
Vedas, 83
Velvet bean, 263
Ventilago, 188
Verbascum thapsus, 188
Verbena, 188
Verenigde OostIndische Compagnie (VOC), 45–48, 51, 54, 62
Vernacular Plant Names, 107
Vernonia cinerea, 188
Versatile properties, 258
Veterinary
services, 210
Vibrant lifestyles, 77
Vienna papyrus, 41
Vigna radiata, 188
Viscum angulatum, 188
Viscum monoicum, 189
Vitamins, 258
Vitex altissima, 189
Vitex leucoxylon, 189
Vitex negundo, 94, 189, 232, 292
Vitex trifolia, 189
Vitis vinifera, 189
Vrikshayurveda, 113
W
Warao Indians, 103
Wasteland development, 280
Water bodies, 81
Weaving materials, 279
Wedelia urticifolia, 189
Wendlandia, 189
Western
Ghats/sahyadri, 214
Peninsular India, 14, 32, 36, 58, 64
science, 100
Wetland mangroves, 299
Wild ornamental
flowers, 280
Wild
plant produce, 79
vegetation, 76
Withania somnifera, 232
Woodfordia fruticosa, 232, 292
Worshipping village deities, 19
Wrightia arborea, 190
X
Xanthium indicum, 190
Xanthium strumarium, 232
Xylia xylocarpa, 190
Xylocarpus granatum, 303
Xylocarpus mekongensis, 303
Y
Yadavas, 26
Yajnas, 77
Yana, 83
Yardstick, 98
Yellamma, 83
Z
Zanthoxylum alatum, 232
Zea mays, 190
Zingiber roseum, 190
Zingiber zerumbet, 190
Zingiberaceae, 217, 222, 223, 232, 247, 286, 287
Ziziphus mauritiana, 190
Ziziphus oenoplia, 190
Ziziphus rugosa, 190, 263, 292
Zoo Outreach Organization (ZOO), 119
Zoonotic infections, 210