Index

Abba, 247, 387

abomination of desolation, 26

Abraham, 24, 30, 33, 146, 196–98, 400

children of, 92, 202, 244–48

promises to, 95, 202, 257, 316

Achaia, 169, 183, 184, 278

Acts, book of, 13, 40, 120–21, 135, 136, 156–76

adoption, 124

doctrine of, 247, 256

adultery, 99, 146

Alexander the Great, 25, 37, 39, 65, 277, 394

allegory, 13, 387

“Alpha and Omega,” 368, 369, 379

Am ha-Eretz, 35, 387

amillennialism, 377, 387, 398

amphibology, 144, 387

analogy, principle of, 110

Annas (high priest), 60, 160

antichrist, 353, 354, 357, 367, 387, 397

Antioch (Pisidian), 165, 166

Antioch (Syrian), 90, 164, 167, 181, 241, 243

Antiochus III, 25

Antiochus IV Epiphanes, 26, 38, 286

anti-Semitism, 279

apocalypse, 13, 387, 393

apocalyptic imagery, 111, 116, 217, 280, 367

apocalyptic prophet, Jesus as, 63, 68, 111

Apocrypha, 31, 32, 387

apocryphal Gospels, 73, 388

apostasy, 219, 286, 388

apostles, 3, 13, 48–49, 110, 158–59, 258

writings of, 4, 12, 398, 399

Apostles’ Creed, 46, 126, 132, 143, 150, 337, 388

Aramaic, 18, 31

Aristotle, 25, 39

Artemis, 170, 184, 369

ascension, 45, 136, 388

Assyrians, 36, 402

Athens, 169, 183, 184, 388

atonement, 313, 351, 388

theories, 133, 315, 351, 396, 401, 404

Auerbach, Erich, 8

Augustine, 76, 115, 131, 142, 208, 266, 282, 377

Babylon, 24

Babylonian Talmud, 30

Barnabas, 106, 164–67, 395

Barnabas, Epistle of, 363

Bauckham, Richard, 32, 250

“Beloved Disciple,” 139

Bethany, 147

Bethlehem, 53, 55

Bible, 6, 8, 117, 134, 389

bios, 71, 73, 75, 389

body of Christ, 47, 223, 258, 389

Bruner, Frederick, 78

Burridge, Richard, 71

Caesarea, 164

Caesarea Philippi, 111

Caiaphas, 60, 144

Calvin, John, 57, 253, 260, 282, 351

canon, 3, 6, 8, 32, 86, 389

canon lists, 14

Captivity Letters, 185, 254

Catholic Letters. See General Letters

cessationism, 160, 389

Christ. See Jesus Christ: as Messiah; Messiah

Christianity, 12, 22, 30, 44–51, 383, 384

early, 4–5, 14–15, 23, 36, 44–51, 74–75, 90, 335

under the Roman Empire, 29

spread of, 14, 16, 29

Christology, 114, 275, 389

church fathers, 16, 77, 130, 286, 363, 377, 389

circumcision, 34, 55, 194, 196, 244, 245, 390. See also epispasm

circumcision party, 244, 301, 390

codex, 14, 15, 390

Colossae, 270, 274

Colossae, church at, 170, 184, 309, 390

Colossian heresy, 271, 272, 390

continuationism, 160, 390

conversion narrative, 266, 390

Corinth, 170, 183, 191, 210, 277, 284

Cornelius, 164, 166

Council, Jerusalem, 166, 167, 172, 182, 243, 395

covenant, 3–5, 33, 65, 100, 188, 247–48, 390, 406

Crete, 301, 302

criticism

form, 81–82, 392

historical, 23, 394

literary, 81, 83, 396

reception, 81, 85, 401

redaction, 81, 83, 401

source, 81–82, 404

textual, 16–17, 18, 352, 405

cross, Pauline theology of, 210, 213, 214, 246, 251, 257

curse of the law, 244–45, 251, 390

Cynicism, 40, 390

Cyprus, 165

Damascus road, 163, 172, 174, 243

David (king), 24, 33, 56, 59, 67, 196

Davidic Messiah, 33, 46, 67, 112, 114, 371

day of the Lord, 205, 280, 285–86, 344–45, 390. See also judgment

deacon/deaconess, 49, 78, 263, 295, 390

Dead Sea Scrolls, 31, 36, 391

definite atonement. See limited atonement

Didache, 45, 90, 388

Diotrephes, 358

disciple, 3, 13, 46, 47, 65, 79, 84, 87, 113, 391

divorce, 99

Docetism, 101, 336, 357, 391

doxology, 203, 208, 230, 255, 364, 368, 391

elders, 49, 301, 338, 391. See also pastors; shepherds

elect, 35, 63, 301, 332, 391

“elect exiles,” 332–33

Elijah, 114, 343

Emmaus road, 6, 121, 134, 135

Ephesus, 139, 170, 210, 255, 347, 369

Epiphanes. See Antiochus IV Epiphanes

epispasm, 38

Erasmus, 81, 244

eschatology, 377, 391

Essenes, 36, 38, 392

eternal life, 63–64, 140, 143

Ethiopian eunuch, 163

Eusebian canon tables, 80, 389

Eusebius, 14, 80, 313, 389

evil, 126, 216, 238

exegesis, 392

eyewitness, 44, 73, 342, 349

faith, 392

examples, 319

and works, 325

false teachers, 14, 237, 249, 265, 291, 296, 299, 343–44

Feast of Booths, 38, 145, 392

Feast of Dedication, 26, 38, 146, 392

Feast of Passover. See Passover

Feast of Pentecost. See Pentecost

fellowship, 348–49

filioque debate, 151, 392

firstborn, Jesus as, 271, 367

form criticism, 81–82, 392

Gabriel, 54

Gaius, 347, 357, 358

Galatia, 166, 182

Galilee, 28, 55

gematria, 154, 393

General Letters, 13, 393

genre, 20, 30, 71, 393

gentiles, 35, 48, 64, 164–65, 182, 193, 203, 245, 257, 393, 395

Gnosticism, 40, 73, 357, 393

God

as Father, 3, 68, 96, 353

glory, 189, 195, 209

kingdom of, 34, 57, 62–63, 67, 123, 140, 395

knowledge, 148, 233, 236, 256

lamb of, 141

law of, 233

love, 197, 201, 302

promises, 33, 134, 182, 189, 202

revelation from, 5, 7, 8, 30

God-fearers, 31, 41, 48, 393

Golgotha, 60, 393

good works, 196, 257. See also orthopraxy

gospel, 71, 72, 95

Gospels, 13, 40, 44, 70, 89, 105, 130, 138. See also apocryphal Gospels

grace, 195, 197, 208, 298, 361

Great Commission, 85, 101, 102, 393

great white throne, 377

Greco-Roman world, 38, 42–44, 128, 306, 409

Greece, 25, 39

Greek language and culture, 20, 25, 31, 36, 38, 397

Hades, 159, 369, 377, 393. See also hell

haggadah, 31, 75, 393, 397–98

halakah, 31, 75, 393, 397–98

Hanukkah. See Feast of Dedication

Hasmonean dynasty, 26, 28, 34, 35, 394, 397, 402

healing, spiritual gift of, 222

heaven, 46, 97, 126

kingdom of, 62, 93, 97, 140, 395

new, 201, 368, 378

third, 238, 405

Hebrew Scriptures. See Jewish Scriptures

hell, 286, 337. See also Hades

Hellenization, 25–26, 37, 394

Herod Agrippa I, 28, 165

Herod Agrippa II, 28, 173

Herod Antipas, 28

Herodian dynasty, 28, 36, 394

Herodians, 36, 394

Herod the Great, 28, 41, 54–55, 165, 394

high priest, Jesus as, 311, 315, 317, 394

historical criticism, 23, 394

History of the Jewish War (Josephus), 36, 395

Holy Spirit, 134, 161, 382

inspiration, 12, 384

and Jesus, 56, 58, 141, 150, 157

ministry, 58, 141, 157, 297

sent by God, 47, 151

honor-shame culture, 42–43, 49, 128, 297, 394

hope, 33, 280, 316, 382

Hurtado, Larry, 250

“I am” statements, 152

incarnation, 45, 70, 382, 395

“in Christ,” 180, 181, 187, 255, 266

inspiration, 15, 300, 395

intertestamental period. See Second Temple period

Islam, 18

Israel

ethnic, 38, 156

God’s dealings with, 33, 201–3, 250

history, 24, 31, 38, 99, 203, 219, 361

land, 23, 33, 314

See also Judaism

James (brother of John), 165

James (half brother of Jesus), 48, 324

Jerusalem, 24, 28, 129, 172

destruction, 29

new, 378–79

Jerusalem Council, 166, 167, 172, 182, 243, 395

Jerusalem Talmud, 30

Jesus Christ

ancestry, 91, 123, 124

apocryphal accounts, 56, 72–73, 74

ascension, 45, 47, 61, 136, 157

baptism, 57, 107, 141

birth, 53–54, 92, 122

body, 47, 223, 258, 389

childhood, 56, 123

compassion, 41, 57, 109, 125

death, 61, 116–17, 133, 150

deity, 46, 48, 96, 101, 146, 342

depictions, 78, 82, 91, 105, 120, 138–40, 156

equal with God, 101, 108, 146, 147, 264

fame, 74, 111

focus of the Scriptures, 45, 71

healings, 57, 66–67, 75, 111–12, 124, 146, 403

historicity, 72, 86

humanity, 48, 57, 58, 125, 357

image of God, 271

incarnation, 45, 70, 154, 382, 395

and the kingdom of God/heaven, 58, 62–63, 93, 97, 123

as lamb, 141, 366, 371, 375–76

as Messiah, 67, 99–100, 106, 112, 129, 144–45, 160, 397

ministry, 56, 63, 87, 93, 94, 115

miracles, 110, 115, 124, 141, 147

opposition to, 96–97, 106, 109–10, 142, 147

parables, 63, 66, 97, 110, 111, 128, 150, 399

and Paul, 163–64, 180, 186–89, 192, 198, 250, 255

as philosopher, 48, 50, 65

as promise and fulfillment, 5, 34, 46, 67, 92, 93, 97, 121, 132

as prophet, 66, 111–12

resurrection, 47, 61, 68–69, 117, 132, 151

as Savior, 78, 156, 188, 296, 302, 362

second coming, 47, 277, 367, 375

as Second person of the Trinity, 3, 52

Son of David, 59, 67, 92, 114, 117–18, 382, 403

Son of God, 46, 67–68, 93, 96, 114, 192, 403

Son of Man, 68, 98, 108, 114, 116, 368–69, 375, 404

suffering, 58, 68, 112, 133

supremacy, 270–71, 311

teaching, 46, 57, 62–65, 95, 100, 110, 126, 149

temptation, 57, 93–94

transfiguration, 98, 113, 114, 129, 342–43, 405

trial, 60, 122

Jesus traditions, 44, 72, 74, 328, 395

Jewish Scriptures, 3, 6–7, 15, 18, 30, 31, 44, 86, 97

John the Baptizer, 56, 93, 98, 107, 109, 111, 123, 141, 145

Jordan River, 57, 107, 144

Josephus, 36, 53, 395

Judaism, 12, 29–38

calendar and festivals, 26, 38, 59, 133, 392

and gentiles, 31, 35, 41

literature, 30–31, 53

practice, 26, 29, 34, 44

under the Roman Empire, 24–25, 34

Second Temple, 24–25, 32–34, 36–37, 45, 99

Shema, 32, 96, 403

Judas, 59–60, 131, 148, 158

Judea, 156

judgment, 99, 131, 284–85, 286, 390. See also day of the Lord

justification, 102–3, 191, 195–96, 326, 395

kenosis, 264, 395

kerygma, 54, 196

Kierkegaard, Søren, 327

king, Jesus as, 67, 115, 132–33

kingdom of God, 34, 57, 62–63, 67, 123, 140, 395

kingdom of heaven, 62, 93, 97, 140, 395

Koine Greek, 396

lamb of God, 141, 372, 378–79

last days, 299, 396

last judgment. See judgment

Last Supper, 100, 132, 133

law

of Christ, 5, 250, 396

curse of, 244–45, 251, 390

and grace, 195

of Moses, 167, 188, 199, 245, 247, 250

and Paul, 188, 199, 245

lawyers, 35, 396

lectionaries, 16, 17, 396

limited atonement, 351, 396

literary criticism, 81, 83, 396

Lord, Jesus as, 190, 222

Lord’s Prayer, 63, 95, 396

Lord’s Supper. See Last Supper

love

of God, 197, 201, 357

of neighbor, 250, 325

Maccabees, 26, 31, 397

man of lawlessness, 285, 286, 287, 397

manuscripts, 12, 14–19, 397

marriage, 43–44, 99, 217

Martha, 147–49

Mary (mother of Jesus), 54–55, 91, 122

Mary Magdalene, 147–49, 151

Mattathias, 26

Messiah, 33, 67, 99–100, 106, 112, 129, 144–45, 159, 397. See also Jesus Christ: as Messiah

Midrash, 30, 75, 397

millennium, 367, 377, 398, 400

mimesis, 121, 398

minuscules, 16, 17, 398

miracles, Jesus’s, 47, 58, 147

Mishnah, 30, 398

missionary journeys of Paul, 165–71, 186

missions, 101, 358

monotheism, 32, 41, 398

Moses, 30, 35, 129, 134, 220, 223, 247, 299

Nazareth, 55, 92

new heaven and earth, 201, 378

new life, 53, 58, 143

New Perspective on Paul, 188, 398

New Testament, 1, 4–5, 13, 15, 20, 398

canon, 3, 6, 14–15

critical editions, 17–18, 390

as history, 7, 23

language of, 20

and Old Testament, 3, 6, 86, 100, 117, 334, 368

as Scripture, 7, 403

symbolic world, 23

Nicene Creed, 250, 399

Nicodemus, 142–45, 151

Old Testament, 4, 7, 15, 110, 399

canon, 3, 6, 14–15

and New Testament, 3, 6, 86, 100, 117, 334, 368

Septuagint, 20, 31–32, 44, 403

See also Jewish Scriptures

Old Testament pseudepigrapha, 30, 32, 399

Olivet Discourse, 116

Onesimus, 274, 305–10

oral tradition, 13, 15, 44, 74, 82. See also Jesus tradition

Origen, 79, 139

orthopraxy, 293, 296, 303, 326, 334

Palestine, 25, 31, 62, 399

papyri, 16–17, 399

parables, 43, 399

of Jesus, 63, 97, 128, 150

outside the New Testament, 45, 110, 111, 116

parallel Gospel stories, 75, 83

Passover, 38, 100, 133, 149, 399

pastors, 49, 258. See also elders; shepherds

Patmos, 366, 369

patriarchs, 24, 312, 400

Paul, 95

as apostle, 218, 229, 236–37, 242

conversion, 163–64, 180

death, 175

education, 180

ethics, 189, 199, 205–6, 216–17, 221, 224, 235–36, 293–95, 307

first missionary journey, 165, 182, 186

and gentiles, 181, 193

and Jerusalem Council, 166–67, 172

and Jesus, 163–64, 180, 186–89, 192, 198, 250, 255

and law, 188, 199, 245

letters, 13, 170, 175, 183, 185

and ministry, 231, 234, 301

New Perspective on, 188, 398

opposition to, 236–37

second missionary journey, 167, 183, 186

theology, 186–89, 195, 197, 213, 249, 255, 258, 264, 271, 293

third missionary journey, 169, 184, 186

peace, 197, 257

Pentateuch, 30–31, 36, 400

Pentecost, 61, 158, 392

people of God, 97–98

persecution, 160–63, 165, 285

Peter, 60, 84, 106, 158–60, 335, 338

confession, 98, 112

and Cornelius, 164, 166

death, 338

denial of Jesus, 116, 131, 153

sermon on Pentecost, 158–60

Pharisees, 35–36, 38, 99, 109, 400

Philip, 163, 385

Philippi, 262

Philo, 36–37, 400

Pilate, Pontius, 28, 41, 60, 133, 150–51

Pisidia. See Antioch (Pisidian)

Platonism, 39, 40

postmillennialism, 377, 398, 400

premillennialism, 377, 398, 400

priest, Jesus as, 130, 149, 315–18, 394

Prison Letters, 254, 262, 389

promised land, 24, 33, 314, 320

prophet, Jesus as, 66, 111

propitiation, 195, 351, 401

pseudepigrapha, 30, 32, 399

Q (source), 76, 82, 401

Qumran, 36. See also Dead Sea Scrolls

rabbi, 30, 34, 38, 75

ransom theory of atonement, 113, 315, 401

reception criticism, 81, 85, 401

redaction criticism, 81, 83, 401

redemption, 195, 401

resurrection, 132, 147, 199, 224–26, 337, 401

of Jesus, 47, 101, 134, 135, 150, 188

righteousness, 64, 95, 195, 197–98, 402

Roman citizenship, 172, 180, 402

Roman Empire, 26, 28, 39, 41, 50, 180, 306

round characters, 84, 402

rulers and authorities, 272

Sabbath, 34, 38, 109

sacrifices, 318, 321

Sadducees, 35, 173, 402

salvation, 64, 192, 203, 235, 286, 402

Samaria, 36, 163

Samaritans, 36, 402

Samaritan woman, 143

sanctification, 213, 286

Sanders, E. P., 118, 398

Sanhedrin, 60, 161–62, 172, 403

Satan, 57, 93, 374, 377

Saul of Tarsus. See Paul

scribes, 15, 35, 74–75, 99

Second Temple period, 18, 24, 25, 29–38

Septuagint, 20, 31–32, 44, 403

Sermon on the Mount, 91, 94, 95, 328

seven signs in John, 149, 403

sexual immorality, 216–17, 279

shame-honor cultures, 42, 49

Shema, 32, 117, 403

shepherds, 49, 54, 338, 400. See also elders; pastors

Simon Peter. See Peter

sin, 198–200, 234, 319, 403

Skepticism, 40

slavery, 292, 306, 308

Son of David, 59, 67, 92, 114, 117–18, 382, 403

Son of God, 46, 67–68, 93, 114, 192, 403

Son of Man, 68, 98, 108, 114, 116, 368–69, 375, 404

source criticism, 81–82, 404

spiritual gifts, 222–23, 404

Stephen, 162

Stoicism, 39–40, 404

Strauss, Mark, 78

substitutionary atonement, 315, 404

suffering, 201, 230

symbolic world, 23, 29, 38, 44, 404

synagogue, 29, 404

Synoptic Gospels, 63, 75, 139, 155, 404

tabernacle, 404

Talmud, 30, 75, 404

Targums, 31, 404

Tarsus, 179

temple, Jerusalem, 33, 129, 142

desecration, 26, 286

destruction, 24, 394

temples, pagan, 184, 212

textual criticism, 16–17, 18, 352, 405

Thomas, Gospel of, 74

Tilling, Chris, 250

tongues, 158, 223, 326

Torah, 29, 33, 405

transfiguration, 114, 129, 342–43, 405

Trinity, 3, 147, 151, 333, 405

twelve disciples, 110, 158

union with Christ, 102, 192, 255, 259, 405

universalism, 292, 296, 406

Upper Room Discourse, 149, 406

vellum, 14, 406

virgin birth, 46, 54, 122

Vulgate, 194, 406

Walton, Steve, 32

Watson, Francis, 78

Wenham, David, 32

will of God, 95

wisdom, 213–14

women

in the church, 121, 224, 247, 256, 293–96, 394

in society, 180, 221

Word of God, 77, 259, 278–79

worship, 221–22

wrath of God, 193, 195, 286

Wright, N. T., 140, 188, 398

Zealots, 36, 406