Note: CD = Charles Dickens, London Places are listed under London, and Dickens’s novels and characters are listed under Dickens: works
Aladdin 95
All the Year Round 55, 135, 207
Allen, Abigail 79
Allen, Mary, later Lamerte 122–3, 133–4, 146, 161, 175
Allen, Michael 23, 34, 48, 160
Andover Workhouse scandal 1845 284
Andrews, Malcolm 335 n.24
Anglesey, shipwreck 203
animal cruelty 138, 205, 340 n.57
Anstie, Dr Francis 295
apprentices, workhouse children 203–5
Association for the Improvement of Workhouse Infirmaries 292, 295
Astley’s Amphitheatre 97
Atkins, Ann Ellis 80
attitudes towards poverty 58, 215, 231; see also Cleveland Street Workhouse; Poor Law
Audubon, John James 98
Australia 145
baby farms, see pauper farming; Drouet
Bacon, Henry 191
Bacon, James 181
Bagehot, Walter 35
Baker, William 329 n.15
ballad-selling 63
banking crisis 1824–5 94
Banks, Sarah 63
Bardell, of Gresse Street 263, 301
Barnardo, Dr 216
Barrow family 161
Barrow, Charles: CD’s grandfather 50, 59, 141, 319 n.20
Barrow, Grandmother 329 n.23
Barrow, Janet: miniature of CD 186
Barrow, Elizabeth, see Dickens, Elizabeth
Barrow, John 182, 191–2, 223; see also Mirror of Parliament
Bart, Lionel, see Oliver!
Bastardy, see illegitimacy
Baxter, John Cordy: pawnbroker 127, 264–72, 299, 301
beadles 211–12, 249–52; see also Mr Bumble
Beadnell, Maria 190
Bedford, Duke of, landowner 73–5
Bentley’s Miscellany 13, 247, 268, 282–3
Berners Street, White Woman of 260
Berners, Charles: landowner 91
Bewick, William 326 n.31
Bewick, Thomas 98
Biddle, tallow chandler 273
Bishop and Williams, murderers 194–202, 205–9, 227, 231
Bishop of London 76
blacking factory, see Allen; Dickens: life; Drew; Lamerte; London: places: Hungerford Stairs/Chandos Street
Blackmore, Edward: Dickens’s employer 170
Blake, William: Songs of Experience342 n.17
Blincoe, Robert 81
Blitz, impact near Norfolk Street 92
Blood Red Knight 97
bodysnatchers 74, 76, 135, 165–6, 227–8
Boney Broke Loose! 40
Booth: Poverty Maps of London 53
Boz: CD’s pen-name 13, 27, 31; see also Dickens: works
branch workhouses 212; see also Infant Poor Establishment, Hendon
British Museum Reading Room 190–1
British Press newspaper 192
British Records Association 110
Brixton, pauper farm 282
Brownrigg, Charles 340 n.54
Brownrigg, Elizabeth: murderer 204
Buccleuch, Duchess of 268
Bunyan, John: Pilgrim’s Progress 15, 213
Burial ground of St Paul, see Cleveland Street Workhouse
burial grounds, defence 76, 166
Burke and Hare, murderers 194–5, 229
burking, burkophobia 194–209, 227–9, 236,
Burrows, Mr 80
BuzFuz e-newsletter 335–6 n.24
Calinescu, Dan [Toronto] 335 n.24
Camden Dickens Walk 11
Catch, workhouse master 294
Cattermole, George and Richard 98, 248
Central London Sick Asylum 297–8; see also Cleveland Street Workhouse
Chadwick, Edwin 226, 239, 243, 346 n.68
chapbook literature 98, 194–209
Chapman and Hall, publishers 13, 191, 246
Charles Dickens Coffee House 340 n.60
Charlton, Thomas 337 n.35
Charltons, of Berners St 49, 133, 136, 170, 173, 190, 193
Chatham churchman 179
Chatham workhouse girl 146, 155–6
cheesemongery 106; see also Dodd, John
Cheselden, William 337 n.28
child cruelty, trafficking, starvation 203–5, 280–4, 279
child employment 16, 139, 346 n.68; see also Dickens: life: factory boy; Blincoe;
Cleveland Street Workhouse; Hibner; parish apprentices, parish children; Sea Service; sweeps
child welfare 282
cholera: child deaths 284
Circumlocution Office 263
Clennell, Luke 98
Cleveland Street
boundary/no man’s land 26, 46, 53–4, chapter 2 passim
City of Hereford public house 123
history, vicinity 44–6, 54, 63, 73, 248, 299
possible influence on CD 15, 18, 27–8, 81 et seq., 105, 133, 136, 140
Cleveland Street Workhouse
1780s militia base 46
1790 burial ground consecrated 74–6
1810 street birth scandal 71–3
1831 Italian Boy 206
1836 Strand Union 16, 18, 218, 237–46, 290–6
1860s closure recommended 297
1870s Central London Sick Asylum 297
1920s Middlesex Hospital Annexe 60–1, 297–300
1948–2006 National Health Service era 300
2011 saved from demolition/ Grade II listed ix–x, 4
bell/timekeeping 129
inmates farmed out 221
coffins, funerals, undertaker 79, 178, 228, 240; see also parish, pauper funerals, patent coffin
discipline/punishments 221, 239–40
erupts in rough music 294
gate, security 239
gendered space 220
ground plan 75
inmates’ uniforms 240
lunatics 79
chained 293
master/mistress 220, 239, 243, 289, 293–4
midwives 79
model institution 242
Nightingale wards added 297
overcrowding 293
prison-like 221, 239, 289, 293
records missing 245
refractory children exiled 221, 243
sanitation 245
smell, sounds, dust 80, 82–3, 103, 124, 137, 245, 294
tradesmen/suppliers 79
visiting curtailed 222
warehouse of misery 291
Clinch, Elizabeth 346 n.63
Cobbe, Frances Power 291
Cock Robin 95
Colpitts, Frances, child victim 203–5
consecration of pauper burial ground 1790 74–6
Constable, John, artist 268
Corn Laws 42
coroner’s jury: illustration 204
Coster, George: inquest 281
Coutts, Angela Burdett 291
Covent Garden Workhouse, see Cleveland Street Workhouse
Crabbe, George: poet 77–8, 83, 187
Craik, G.L.: Pursuit of Knowledge 183
Crewe family: employers of CD’s grandparents 49, 98
cruelty towards children, see child cruelty
cruelty towards animals, see animal cruelty
Cruikshank, Frederick 326 n.31
Cruikshank, George:
Ballad of Lord Bateman 337 n.38
Boney Broke Loose! 40
Empty Tomb 241
Good Samaritan 279
London Going out of Town 164
Oliver asking for more xx, 111
Swarm of English Bees 42
Cruikshank, family of artists 194, 339 n.43
Cuttriss, George, Piazza Coffee House 244, 347 n.72
Dadd, Richard 349 n.11
Daft Jamie 328 n.40
Daily News 248
Daniell, Thomas and William 97–8
death on the parish, hated/feared 231–3, 296–7
debtors’ prisons, see London: prisons
debtors’ sponging house: Cursitor St 101, 223
democratic deficit 210–12, 217
Dennis, Jonah 259
Devonshire, Georgiana Duchess of 318 n.14
Dibdin, T.C. 19
Dick Whittington 95
Dickens, Charles
and child’s perceptions 38, 162, 197–8, 207–8, 214
and cruelty to animals 138, 205, 340 n.57
and the Good Samaritan 279, 295
and grocery 105
and the lives of objects 265
and self-education 182–7, 189–91
and Seven Dials 302
and storytelling 152, 155–7, 159, 169, 233
and theatre 143–4; see also Covent Garden theatres, Harlequin, Grimaldi, Mathews, Mitchell, Revolt of the Workhouse, Sheerness, Sheridan
and his own vocation 295
and walking 160, 163, 173–4, 214
Dickens, Charles: family
associations with Marylebone/Oxford Street 48–9, 93
flight from creditors 21, 101, 151, 224–5
itinerancy 21; see also Dickens: family homes; Appendix
members 122
secrecy/silences 3, 27, 29, 52, 140, 163, 287
siblings
Alfred Allen 38, 308, 328 n.22
Alfred Lamert 308
Augustus 308
Charles 308
Frederick 308
see also Appendix
social origins 49–50, 52, 286–7
Dickens, Charles: family homes
1812–15 Portsmouth area 7, 37, 123, 308
1815–17 Norfolk Street chapters 4–5 passim, 308
1817–1821 Chatham/Rochester 143, 144–7, 156
1822 Bayham Street 147, 156, 308
1823 Gower Street 151, 155–6, 308
1824a Marshalsea Prison 8, 10–11, 21, 29, 141, 143, 150–1, 155–7, 160–1, 175, 224, 277–8, 285–6, 308
1824c Lant Street, Southwark 154–6, 308
1825–28 Johnson Street, Somers Town 155, 163, 165–72, 309
1829–31 Norfolk Street, chapters 4, 5 and 7 passim, 223–4, 308, 309
1832a Margaret Street 225
1832c Edward Street, Wigmore Street 247, 308
1834 Furnival’s Inn 246–7, 309
1837 Upper Norton Street 247
1837–9 Doughty Street 247, 275, 277
1839–51 Devonshire Terrace 247, 261–2
1855–70 Gads Hill 285
see also Norfolk Street
Dickens, Charles: letters/papers
destruction 29
missing for Norfolk Street era 188
Dickens, Charles: life
as a factory boy 7–11, 16, 18–21, 35, 141, 146, 153, 155–6, 158, 160–2, chapter 6 passim
as a freelance journalist 27, 170, 182, 191–3, 196–202, chapter 7 passim, 215, 231–3, 312; see also essays: Household Words; All the Year Round New Year’s Day
as a legal clerk 170, 179–81, 312
and other child workers 146–7, 155–9
as a Parliamentary Reporter 183, 223, 225–34, 257, 312
as a Reader at the British Museum 190–1, 224
as a schoolboy 143, 144, 167–9, 175
as a shorthand reporter, Doctors’ Commons 192–3, 257, 312
as a successful novelist 275, 313
as a witness of urban change 46, 54–8, 164–5
as an election clerk 232
biographers 3, 23–4, 28, 140–2; see also Forster
calling card 52, 187–9, 197, 335–6 n.25
childhood:
health 132
memories 3, 7–10, 18, 29, 32, 37, 174–5
schooling: home tuition 132; Mr Giles 144
Wellington Academy 167, 175, 181, 206, Appendix
death, 1870 7
knowledge of workhouses/ children 143
London Directory 273
views
denounces political economists 230
despises parliamentarians 225, 234
excoriates fund-raising diners 70
humanitarianism 229–30, 233, 278, 282
New Poor Law 15, 218–26, 229–30, 282, 284
New Testament values 230, 235–7
of lawyers/legal system 179–81
supports workhouse infirmary movement 17, 295–6
Dickens, Charles: works
American Notes 247
Barnaby Rudge 44, 92, 104, 148, 247, 259, 285, 301, 307
Battle of Life 248
Bleak House 32, 170, 199, 263, 307
The Chimes 247
A Christmas Carol 172, 179, 247, 259, 307
Cricket on the Hearth 247
David Copperfield 9, 10, 27, 29, 52, 145, 182, 203, 224, 248, 258–9, 285, 307
Dombey and Son 35, 38, 248, 285, 307
Edwin Drood 307
Great Expectations 87–9, 144–5, 177, 179, 260–4, 307
Hard Times 307
Haunted Man 248
Little Dorrit 57, 246, 263, 285, 307
Martin Chuzzlewit 247, 267, 285, 307
Mrs Lirriper’s Lodgings 155, 315 n.7
Nicholas Nickleby 14, 168, 191, 285, 307, 308
The Old Curiosity Shop 146, 247, 285, 307, 308
accuracy re: Cleveland Street Workhouse 242–4, 300–1
chronology of composition/publication 3, 11, 13, 14, 187, 218, 235, 247, 267, 275, 278, 281–2, 284
cluster of associations 157
coincidence in 159
confronts failure of Parliamentary imagination 235
and contemporary artists/authors 249–3
counter-narrative demanded 283–4
Dickens consistent against Poor Law 6, 234, 205, 295
Dickens’s motives for writing 278, 282, 283, 295
key passage: pauper funeral 178–9
key passage: stop thief 130
key passage: badged and ticketed 265
locket plot motif 235, 270–1, 276, 279, 288–9, 301, 354 n.24
Parish Boy’s Progress 213
pawnbroker waits offstage 271
pledging in 266
plot 159, 162, 197, 270, 276, 288, 301
politics 283
in popular perception 1, 13, 280
possible sourcebook 219
power of clothing in 265
predation theme 279
pre-existing knowledge utilized 197, 201, 207
setting: time and place 15, 30, 157, 201, 212–14, 218–19
sightlines 271
Our Mutual Friend 94, 295, 307
Pickwick Papers 13–14, 30, 104, 118, 127, 155–6, 179–80, 246, 250, 254, 264, 273, 285, 287, 301, 307, 308
Pic-Nic Papers 326
Sketches by Boz 13–14, 108, 246, 253–57, 263, 285, 301, 307
Newgate 207
Pawnbroker’s Shop 265
Shops and their Tenants 177, 264
Streets at Night 109
Tuggses at Ramsgate 133
Vocal Dressmaker 259
A Tale of Two Cities 307
characters
Agnes, Oliver’s mother 235–6, 241–2, 270, 276, 280
her locket 235, 270–1, 276, 279, 288–9, 301, 353 n.24
Artful Dodger 280
Augustus Cooper 254
Betsey Ogle 260
Charlotte Sowerberry 260
David Copperfield 104, 182–3, 224, 267
Dennis 259
Dr Slammer 104
Fagin 15, 153, 157, 197, 236, 275
Golden Dustman 94
Jo the crossing sweeper 199
John Willet 104
Kitterbell 11
Little Nell 32
Magwitch 144
Marchioness 146
Mick Walker and Mealy Potatoes 9, 15
Miss Flite 263
Mr Bumble 135, 178, 212–14, 228, 233, 235, 243, 250, 259, 271, 301, 329 n.27
Mr Jaggers 179
Mr Jingle 350 n.26
Mr Jinks 179
Mr Lowten 179
Mr Merdle 57
Mr and Mrs Micawber 10, 52, 260
Mr Peggotty 259
Mr Pumblechook 87
Mr and Mrs Sowerberry 178, 204, 228, 233, 259, 277, 301
Mr Skimpole 170
Mr Wemmick 179
Mr Winkle 31
Mrs Bedwin 278
Mrs Gamp 263
Mrs Nickleby 331 n.22
Newman Noggs 260
Noah Claypole 266
Oliver Twist 36, 111, 104–5, 139, 159, 162, 204, 213, 235, 242–3, 259, 270, 276–8, 301
Paul Dombey 38
Peggotty 145
Sam Weller 14, 123, 149, 250, 264, 273, 332 n.41, 355–6 n.38
Scrooge (and Marley) 172
Signora Marra Boni 259
essays
Drouet/Tooting scandal 353 n.14
Nightly Scene 322 n.33
Our School 167
Unsettled Neighbourhood 164
Where We Stopped Growing 260–4
Dickens, Charles: writing
autobiographical fragment 7–10, 17, 25, 27, 38, 142, 162, 207, 285
creative process 265
interweaving fact and fiction 6, 10, 27, 29, 31, 46, 52, 155–6, 197–8, 224, 285
topography 29, 31–2, 44, 46, 140; see also Oliver Twist
use/manipulation of names 258–60
Dickens, Elizabeth: CD’s mother 10, 49–50, 132–3, 136, 146–7, 150–2, 161, 330 n.22, 343 n.29;see also Barrow family
Dickens Fellowship 6
Dickens, Grandparents 34–5, 49–50, 98, 133, 167, 324 n.26
Dickens, John: CD’s father
character 49, 51, 143, 149, 160–1
financial difficulties 7, 52, 93, 101, 116–17, 122, 143, chapter 6 passim, 223, 247
journalism 170, 182, 191–2, 202–3
Marylebone boy 49, 51, 132, 319 n.22, 323 n.8
pen-name ‘Z’ 192
Reader at British Museum 191
working life 21, 37, 41, 43, 46, 50–2, 143, 167, 192
Dickens Museum (was Dickens House) Doughty Street 11
Dickens, William: CD’s uncle
Oxford Street coffee shop 48, 93, 133
diet, in workhouses 216, 252, 284
dissecting the poor 231–3, 240; see also Anatomy Act; Oliver Twist
Dix, John: parish undertaker 240
Dixon, John: mezzoprinter 98
Doctors’ Commons 192–3, 257, 254
Dodd, Dr: embezzler 325 n.21
Dodd, John
as cheesemonger/grocer/chapman 31, 99, chapter 4 passim, 222
as Dickens family landlord 25, 39, 92, chapter 4–5 passim, 151, 173–5, 183, 187, 202, 225, 244, 248, 254, 256–7, 259, 264
household inventory 86, 110–20
Drew, John 193
Drouet’s establishment, Tooting 284, 289, 353 n.14
Drouet, Dickens writes about 353 n.14
Druitt, John and others 338 n.41
Drury Lane Theatre 94
Dugard, Mr and Miss, Norfolk Street 176
Dukes, Dorchester, auctioneers 335 n.24
dying out under the stars 296–7
Eames, Charles C. 298
Eatanswill, fictional constituency 30
Egg, Augustus 248
Eliot, George: Scenes of Clerical Life 254
Eliot, T.S.: Prelude 128
Ellis and Blackmore: Dickens’s employers 170–1, 179–81
Elwes, Mr, Marylebone Miser 258
factory boy, young Dickens as 7–11, 16, 18–21, 35, 141, 146, 153, 155–6, 158, 160–2, chapter 6 passim
factory hands, workhouse children 8, 80–1
Fagin, Bob, blacking factory-boy 142, 153–4, 157, 158, 160
farming the poor, see pauper farming
Fatal Bridge 97
Fauntleroy, Henry: embezzler 324 n.11
fear of death in the workhouse 49, 296
Ferrari, Carlo, see Italian Boy
Fores, Piccadilly 211
Forster, John 7–12, 118, 23, 25, 27, 37–8, 132, 141, 149, 152, 155–6, 162, 167–8, 209, 225, 264, 266–7, 285, 287
Forster, John: as Lunacy Commissioner 355 n.28
French Revolution 218
Frith, William Powell 248
Fry and Fitch, Southwark poor-farmers 216–17
funeral costs priority for poor 71, 232, 296–7, 344 n.41
Gahagan, father and son: sculptors 96, 174
Gaugain, Philip Augustus: artist 97
Georgian architecture
Georgian architecture 86, 89, 124, chapter 4 passim
Gil Blas 279
Giles, William 144
Gillray, James 99
giving birth in the street, 1810 71–3
Glover, John: artist 320 n.29
Godwin, William 170
Goodge, of Berners Mews
Gordon Riots 44, 46, 92, 97, 148, 217
Gordon, Lord George 92
Great Expectoration Office 263
Great Reform Act, 1832 58 217, 227
Grimaldi, Joseph 111
Grub Street 170, 191 et seq. 194–209, 231–3, 333
Gulliver’s Travels 95
Habbijam, Newman Street 263
Halfpenny, Thomas and others 332 n.40
Hamp, Henry, undertaker 340 n.56
Handsome Poll 231
Hansard, printer 347
Hanway, Jonas 43
Hardy, Gathorne 297
Harrison, Mrs: parish midwife 79
Hart, Ernest 355 n.32
Havell, father and son: engravers/printers 98
Haversham, of Soho Square 263
Hawkins, Anne 78
Hawse or Howse, Margaret 203–5
Haydon, Benjamin Robert 98
Heath, Henry: caricaturist 105–8
Heath, William: caricaturist, see ‘Paul Pry’
Heidi 24
Hendon 211–14, 240–2, 245, 301
Higginbotham, Peter 300, 341 n.8
Hitchcock, Tim 354 n.24
Hogarth, Catherine: Mrs Charles Dickens 246
Hogarth, William:
The Good Samaritan 279
Horsfall, of Norfolk Street 91, 125–6, 175
Horwood map 86
Household Words 55, 167, 207, 229, 262
Howse, Margaret: child victim 203–5
Hughes, Ted 354 n.18
Hullah, John 248
Hundred Days 40
hunger, malnutrition: 43, 58, 81, 105, 215–16, 250, 278, 353 n.44
Hunt, Jeremy ix
illegitimacy 6, 14, 72, 78–9, 215, 240
ill-health, cause of poverty 58, 69–71
imprisonment for debt, see London prisons: Marshalsea
Infant Poor Establishment, Hendon 211–14, 240
infirmary building programme of 1870s 297
inquest jury: illustration 204
Ireland, famine 1816 43
Irish community in London, St Giles’s 43
Irving, Washington 132
Italian Boy, Carlo Ferrari:
burial in Cleveland Street 206
Italian Boys, Clerkenwell 209
Jackson family, broken up 238
Jackson, Thomas 242
James family, broken up 238
James, Henry 39
Jeffreason, John Cordy 352 n.47
Jerrold, Douglas 70, 143–4, 340 n.54, 349 n.11
John Bull 283
Johnson, Edgar 143
Johnson, John 91
Johnson, Samuel: London 249
Jones, headmaster at Wellington Academy 167–8
Jones, Thomas Howell, caricaturist 210–12
Kay, J.P. 289
Kempton, James 79
King’s Concert Rooms, Tottenham Street 99
Kingston-on-Thames workhouse 243–5
Knacker’s Yard 137
Knox, Dr Robert 195
Lamerte, George/James 146, 161–2
Lancet Sanitary Commission 294–6
Laurie and Whittle: printsellers 318 n.5, 327 n.36, 334 n.18
Laurie, Sir Peter 317 n.19
Le Sage, M 178
Legal Loophole Office 263
Leigh Hunt’s London Journal 205
Lemon, Mark 341 n.11
locket, in Oliver Twist 235, 270–1, 276, 279, 288–9, 301, 54 n. 24
London
air pollution 80, 83, 124, 165
Blitz, impact near Norfolk Street 92, 115
Bishop of: consecration of Cleveland Street burial ground 74–6
Booth Poverty Maps 53
boundaries 16, 18, 21, 27, 46–7, 67–8, 72, 90, 165, 215, 245;see also Cleveland Street
branch workhouses, unique to 212
commemorative plaques 5, 6, 11, 17, 24, 27
gated streets/roads 57
‘illumination’ after Waterloo 41
London County Council bomb damage maps 92
London Gazette 95
Nash improvements 43
northern heights 135
parishes
All Souls, Langham Place 55, 355 n.38
Cripplegate 203
Rolls, Liberty of 238
Savoy, Precinct of 238
St Giles in the Fields 26, 43–4, 47–8, 148, 210
St James, Garlickhithe 342 n.18
St James, Piccadilly, baby farm
St Martin’s in the Fields 18–20, 74, 154, 166, 203, 238
St Marylebone 26, 46, 164, 210, 242; see also Marylebone
St Mary-le-Strand 50
St Pancras 26, 46–7, 81, 164–5
St Paul Covent Garden 16, 18, 21, 71–2, 74–6, 178, 207, 210, 214–23, 238
Covent Garden parish undertaker 79, 178
Infant Poor Establishment 211–14
parish/estate boundaries, significance of 16, 18, 21, 27, 46–7, 67–8, 72, 90, 165, 215, 245; see also Cleveland Street
places
Baker Street 57
Bedford Passage 73
Bedford Street, Covent Garden 17–18
Bell Yard 193–4, 244, 347 n.35
Bentinck Street 225
Berners Street 26, 49, 53, 93–4, 96, 133, 136, 190, 248, 255
Bleeding Heart Yard 246
Brunswick Square 68
Buckingham Street, Strand 224
Camberwell 288
Camden Town 166; see also Dickens: family homes
Castle Street 44
Centre Point 47
Chalton Street 331 n.36
Chandos Street 7, 11, 18–20, 28, 160
Charing Cross Hospital 281
Charles Street, Covent Garden 135, 207
Charles Street, Euston Square 169
Charles Street, now Mortimer St 34, 59, 64, 89, 176, 199
Charles Street, Soho Square 34, 48, 59–60
Charlotte Street 73, 92, 248, 255
Chelsea 284
Chelsea Hospital 76
Church Lane, St Martin’s 20
Clerkenwell 208
Cleveland Street, see main index entry
Copenhagen Fields 329 n.23
Covent Garden 11, 16–19, 21, 45, 60, 71–2, 74–5, 78, 135, 162, 178, 207–9, 211–14, 217, 244, 249, 258
Theatre 209; see also London: parishes, Cleveland Street
Culver Meadow, Green Lane 73, 78
Drummond Street 169
Dupper’s Field 56
Field Lane 246
Fitzrovia 326 n.31; see also specific streets
Fitzroy Square 52, 189, 336 n.25
Foley Street 98
Fox under the Hill 155
Furnival’s Inn 246
Gin Lane (Drury Lane) 16, 48, 268
Golden Cross 252
Golders Green 214
Goodge Place (was Cumberland Street) 90, 125
Goodge Street 59, 66, 73, 92, 148
Great Russell Street 11
Green Lane, Marylebone Fields 44–5, 73, 77–8
Grosvenor Street 49
Guildhall: Gog and Magog 149
Harley Street 57
Holloway 329 n.24
Howland Street 92
Hungerford Stairs 11, 17, 19, 148, 152–3, 155, 224
King’s Cross 165
Kingsway 43
Lambeth 232
Langham Place 55
Little Portland Street: Unitarian chapel 131
London Bridge 156
London Hospital 231
Ludgate Broadway 194
Margaret Street 225
Marshalsea Prison 8, 10–11, 21, 29, 141, 143, 150–1, 155–7, 160–1, 175, 224, 277–8, 285–6
Marybone Park Farm 55
Marylebone 22, 49, 131, 164, 225, 242, 247–8, 254; see also Norfolk Street
Mayfair 49
Mecklenburgh Square 57
Middlesex Hospital Annexe, see Cleveland Street Workhouse
Middlesex Hospital, street market 66–8
Monmouth Street 318 n.18
Mornington Crescent 167
Mortimer Street 34, 59, 64, 96; see also Charles Street
New Cut, Waterloo street market 66–7
New Oxford Street 43
New Road, Marylebone/Euston Road 45, 57, 68, 242
Newman Street 26, 34, 46, 49, 53, 73, 96, 255, 263
Norfolk Street, see also Dickens:family homes; main index entry
North End 214
Northumberland House, Strand 148
Ogle Mews, Ogle Street 260
Old Bailey 130, 193–4, 196–202, 207, 319 n.20, 324 n.11, 327 n.42, 339 n.55
Oxford Circus 55
Oxford Street/Tyburn Road 26, 32–5, 45, 48–9, 54–5, 261
Oxford Street, William Dickens’s coffee shop 48–9
Percy Street 148, 255, 264, 301
Piccadilly 41
Piccadilly/Sackville Street, Fores’ shop 211
Polygon 179;see also Dickens: family homes
Portland Place, Dupper’s Field 56
Portman Square 54
railway termini 164
Regent’s Canal 54
Rhode’s Farm 167
Seven Dials 30
Soho Square/Soho Bazaar 32, 34–6, 38, 48, 63, 263
Somers Town 22, 165; see also Dickens: family homes
Somerset House 8, 41, 43, 50, 122
Southwark 157, 285–6, 288; see also Fry and Fitch, Lant St; London places: Marshalsea Prison,
St Giles’s 47, 148; see also London parishes
Strand 8, 17, 17–20, 44, 50, 135, 148–9, 155, 195, 207, 224–5, 263; see also Cleveland Street Workhouse
Strand Union parishes 218, 238
Tavistock Street 207, 340 n.60
Telecom Tower 2, 61, 65, 299, 318 n.12
Tottenham Court Road 32, 44–5, 47–8, 54, 68, 130, 135
Tottenham Street 24–6, 86, 91–2, 96, 98–9, 103, 110, 128–30, 135–6, 165, 255, 259, 325 n.25, 336 n.25
Tottenham Street Theatre 99, 135, 176, 248, 255, 356 n.38
Upper Newman Street 73
Wellington Street North 135, 207
Whitechapel 229
Whitfield’s Tabernacle 92, 135
Windmill Street 60
police service/watch service 46, 150
poverty: 15, 43, 48, 58, 106, 131, 169, 180, 215, 228, 249–50, 265, 278, 291
changing attitudes towards 58, 215, 231; see also Cleveland Street Workhouse: regime change; Poor Law
prisons:
Marshalsea 8, 10–11, 21, 29, 141, 143, 150–1, 155–7, 160–1, 175, 224, 277–8, 285–6
River Thames 17, 97. 148, 152–4, 157–8, 253
rural hinterland 44–6, 55–7, 164, 166
shops/shopkeeping, see Dodd, John Cleveland Street; Dickens: works: essays
snobbery re: addresses 68
squares 57
Strand Union Parishes 238
street lighting 46
transport 43
workhouses
Bishopsgate 82
Covent Garden, see Cleveland Street Workhouse
St Martin’s in the Fields 203–5
St Marylebone 242
St Pancras 165; see also Cleveland Street Workhouse
Long, William F 309, 316, 324 n.8
Lover, Samuel 248
Lunacy Commission 293, 355 n.28
Lying–in, maternity care 6, 58, 60, 71–2, 82, 215–16, 240, 292
Macclesfield, calico manufactory: child labour 80
Maclise, Daniel: frontispiece, 248
Macready, William 347 n.72
Malie, Mrs, of Marylebone 259
malnutrition, hunger: 43, 58, 81, 105, 215–16, 250, 278, 353 n.13
Malthus, Thomas 215
Manchester Atheneum: inauguration 186–7
Marley, Marylebone name 259
Marney, of Berners Mews 258
Marquis of Granby, Percy Street 264, 301
Marsh Sibbald bank, failure 94
Marshall, Tim 345 n.43
Marshalsea Debtors’ Prison, see Dickens: family homes; London: prisons
Marylebone 5, 22, 26, 44–9, 54, 58, 66–7, 73, 77–8, 94, 131, 141, 164, 210, 225, 240–2, 247–8, 254, 258–9, 291
artistic community 256
Dickens family association 5, 22, 26, 48–9, 247
Gardens 94
Miser 258
Old Church 141
spelling permutations 259
medical care 240–1; see also Middlesex Hospital; Marylebone Dispensary, nursing; Rogers
medical students’ pranks 87
Medway Towns 145
Melbourne, Lord 280
Menzies, William 256
Merriman, Miss, Hendon 213–14, 301
Metropolitan Asylums Board, (MAB) 271
Metropolitan Police 150, 197, 239
Metropolitan Poor Act, 1867 297
Middlebrook, Diane 354 n.18
Middlesex Farmer, ballad 56
Middlesex Hospital:
1920s rejuvenation, using Workhouse 297–300
2005/6 closure and demolition 61, 300
acquires workhouse 297
Annexe, see Cleveland Street Workhouse
ballad seller 63
devastated site 61
ground plan, garden 175
history, vicinity 22, 26, 52, 60, 64–71, 92, 96, chapter 4 passim, 248
medical school 240
Outpatients’ Department, see Cleveland Street Workhouse
Middlesex, county history 59
Midnight Bill 227
Mirror of Parliament 182, 192, 203, 223, 233
Moll Flanders 95
Molloy, Charles 27
Morning Chronicle 224, 233, 247, 282, 284, 347 n.6
Moskovitz, Herb 335 n.24
Mott, Charles: Poor Law Commissioner 242, 282
Mudfog 145
murder for dissection, see Burke; Bishop; Italian Boy
Murphy, Elaine 342 n.19
My Uncle 268
Napoleonic Wars, post-war slump 43
Nash, John: London improvements 43
National Health Service: inherits institutional sites 297, 300
Navy Pay Office 41, 50, 122, 143
Navy, employer of parish children 243
New Poor Law, see Poor Law
Newgate Calendar 97
Newgate, see London: prisons
Nightingale wards at Cleveland Street Workhouse 297
Nightingale, Florence 289, 291, 298
Nixon’s prophecies 324 n.15
Nollekens, Joseph 96, 176, 258
Norfolk Street
air pollution 80, 83, 103, 124
child’s eye view chapter 5 passim development/demolition 299
inhabitants, 244; see also Dickens: family
insolvencies 177
pawnbroker, see Baxter
vicinity 148 chapters 4, 5, and 7 passim
view from south 61
see also Dickens: family homes; Dodd
Norwood, pauper baby farm 281–3
Nottingham, mill employer of parish children 8
Nugent, Ann 237
nursing, need for in workhouses 289, 291, 298
Old and New London 66
Old Bailey 130, 193–4, 197, 207, 319 n.20, 324 n.11, 327 n.42, 329 n.17
Old Poor Law, see Poor Law
Oliver Twist, see Dickens: works
Ovid 354
Owen, Mrs: parish midwife 79
Pailthorpe, Frederick W 194, 196
parish apprenticeships 16, 81, 157, 203–5, 213, 218, 253, 301; see also Hibner; Macclesfield; Nottingham; Sea Service
parish overseers, abolished by New Poor Law 239
patent coffin 228
Paul Pry (ie: William Heath) caricaturist 228–9, 233–4
Pauper Boy, novel 253
pauper apprentices, see parish apprenticeships
pauper burial ground;
desecration 229
pauper children:
child labour 16, 139, 205; see also parish apprenticeships; blacking factory; Blincoe; Cleveland Street Workhouse; Hibner; pauper farming; Sea Service; sweeps
cruelty, neglect, starvation 203–5, 279, 280–4, 289
pauper farming 216–17, 221–2, 281–2; see also child cruelty; Cleveland Street Workhouse; Drouet; Fry and Fitch; Mott
pauper funerals, coffins 178–9, 228–9; see also cleveland Street Workhouse
pauper graves, defence from bodysnatchers 111
pawnbrokers’ shops 251–2, 264–72
Penny Magazine 169
penny-a-line journalism 170, 191et seq., 194–209, 231–3, 333 n.49
Penrose, John ix
Pepys, Samuel 259
Percy family, Earls of Northumberland 148
Perdue, David: Dickens e-page 355 n.37
Pettigrew, Dr Thomas, and pauper farming 282–4
Phillips, John, ’Sharpshooter’ 339 n.43
Piazza Coffee House 244, 347 n.72
Pic-Nic Club 99
pledges, pledging 266
Polidori, Dr John William 42
Poor Law:
brutality/inhumanity 235, 236, 284
excess deaths attributable to 212, 282–3, 289
Dickens’s views concerning 13–15
New Poor Law, Poor Law Amendment Act 1834 6, 15, 58, 217, 218–216
impact 220
workhouse ‘test’226
Poor Law Commission 226, 239, 282–3, 290, 294, 301
starvation dietaries 216, 281, 283, 292
workhouses 3, 6, 15, 203, 212, 218, 226, 228, 289–91, 295, 297
and dissection of the poor 228–9
inscriptions 82
official rationale 219
soup 220
workhouse ‘test’ 226
see also Association for the Improvement of Workhouse Infirmaries; Cleveland Street Workhouse; Infant Poor Establishment; Dickens: views; Dickens: works: Oliver Twist; parish apprenticeships; poverty; Rogers; Twining
Port of London 243
Portsmouth, Portsea 7, 37, 123
Potter, Peter: mapmaker 26
poverty:
attitudes towards 58, 215–17, 219, 231, 233, 234, 278
Powell family, broken up 238
predation 279 et seq.
Prince, Robert 78
Prisoners’ Opera 327 n.35
Privy Council Education Lists 260
Punch 341 n.11
Pursuit of Knowledge Under Difficulties 183
Queen Caroline affair 192
Queen Victoria 280
Quizzical Gazette 263
Radcliffe, Ann 336 n.28
Rawson, John 71
refractory, or recalcitrant poor 15, 217, 221, 243
Reform Act, 1832 217
reform, and democratic deficit 210–12
Reminiscences of a Workhouse Medical Officer, see Rogers
Revolt of the Workhouse 248– 52
Revolte au Serail 249
Robin Hood 95
Robinson Crusoe 95
Rochester 177; see also Dickens: family homes
Roderick Random 97
Roe, Mr 302
Rogers, Dr Joseph 2, 16, 75, 80, 83, 291, 295–6
Romney, George 326 n.31
Roney, C.P. 224
Roque, John, mapmaker 45
Rose, Mrs, button-shop-keeper 86–7, 118
Rothesay Castle, shipwreck 202
rough music 294
Rowlandson, Thomas 42
Royal Charter, shipwreck 203
Royal Society of Arts 17
Roylance, Mrs 35
Rycroft, Mary Ann 327 n.42
Sala, George Augustus 248
Saturday Magazine 169
scapegoating the poor 231
Schlicke, Paul viii, 307, 315, 317 n.18, 322 n.2, 328 n.6, 345 n.51, 348 n.2
Sea Service, employment of pauper boys 243
Select Vestry Comforts caricature 210–12
servants, workhouse children 146–7
Seymour, Robert 250
Shakespeare Club 347 n.72
Shakespeare, William 5, 94, 98, 99, 143, 183
Sheerness 35, 143–4;see also Dickens:family homes
Sheridan, Thomas 99, 104, 329 n.20
Smith, Albert 229
Smollett, Tobias 279
snobbery, about London addresses 53, 57, 68, 189, 321 n.25
soup, in workhouses 220
Sowerby, Marylebone publican 259
Spectator, on ’Boz’ 247
St Clair, Rosalia, pseud.: The Pauper Boy 253
Stamp, Mr, of Norfolk St 133, 174
Staples, Leslie 5–6, 316 n.1, 329 n.26, 337 n.35
starvation dietaries 216–17, 281, 283, 292–3
Stevens, Valentine, Poor Law Guardian 244, 347 n.72
Stone, Frank 347 n.72
Stone, Marcus 334 n.15
Strand Poor Law Union 218, 237–45, 290
Strand Union Workhouse, see Cleveland Street Workhouse
sweeps, workhouse children 155–9
Sykes, bankers 273
Sykes, William 273–4, 277, 301
Tallis, John: Street Views 62–5, 124–7
tallow chandler 107
tea, in workhouses 220, 222, 250
Ten Hours Act, 1847 108
Ternan, Ellen 29
Thackeray, William Makepeace 68
third world parallels 216, 280–4
Tillotson, Kathleen 284
traditional tales, chapbooks 95
transportation 145
Trollope, Thomas Adolphus 329–330 n.28
Turner, J.M.W. 302
undertaking 79, 134, 228, 232, 235, 240, 279, 340 n.56
University College School 151
unmarried mothers
yellow gown 240
Vampyre, see Frankenstein
vestry gluttony caricatured 210–12
violence against children, see child cruelty
voluntary hospitals and medical charities 58, 291
Ward, William Tilleard 190
Warren’s blacking, see Allen; Dickens: life; Drew; Lamerte; London: places: Hungerford Stairs/Chandos Street
Waterloo, Battle of, 1815 40–1, 43
Weller, Daniel, of Norfolk Street 175–6, 264, 301
Weller, Mary, Dickens family servant 145–6
West, Benjamin 183
Westall, Richard 325 n.22
Westminster Archives 22, 25, 91, 110
Westminster, University of 242
White Woman of Berners Street 260–4
Whitechapel workhouse, poor outside 229–30
Whitfield’s Tabernacle 92, 135
Wilson, James, ‘Daft Jamie’ 338 n.40
Wilson, Mary 80
Wollstonecraft, Mary 170
Woodward, John 242
Workhouse Boy 353 n.13
workhouse children:
apprentices 203–5, factory hands 8, 80–1
sweeps 155–9; see also sea service
starvation/maltreatment 203–5, 281–4
workhouse infirmary building programme of 1870s 297
Workhouse Visiting Society 290
Workhouses, see Cleveland Street Workhouse; Poor Law
Workhouses, website 300, 341 n.8
year without a summer, 1816 42
yellow gown 240
Z: pen-name of John Dickens 192