INDEX

A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, R, S, T, U, V, W,Y, Z



A

Aaland Islands, 7

Academic Karelian Society, 9

Ägläjärvi, 96–97, 100, 104, 106, 118–20, 122

Aittojoki River, 96–98, 100, 121–22

Ala Tolvajärvi, Lake, 102

Alajärvi, Lake, 158

Alexander I, Tsar, 4

Arctic Highway, 173–74, 178

Arctic Ocean, 43, 47

Army of the Karelian Isthmus (Finnish), 47

B

Baltic Fleet (Russian), 55, 57

Baltic Sea, 3, 7

Belgium, 198

Beljajev, General, 52

Bergen, 239

blitzkrieg tactics, 35–36

Bobrikov, assassination of, 5

Bondarev, General, 53, 137

“Brewster Buffalo” (aircraft), 198

Bristol Blenheim (aircraft), 193

C

Cajander, A. K., 12, 29, 50

Chamberlain, Neville, 269

Churchill, Winston S., 33, 201, 236–37

Citrine, Sir Walter, 189, 201

Civic Guard, 27, 47, 52, 104, 232

Coastgroup, 257, 259–60

Continuation War (1942–44), 46, 55–56, 195, 198, 264–68

Czechoslovakia, 250

D

Daladier, Edouard (French prime minister), 248–49, 252, 269

de Gaulle, Charles, 31

Denmark, 198, 265

Derevyanski (Soviet minister in Helsinki), 19

Detachment Paavola, 160

E

East Karelia, 6–7

Ekholm, Colonel Per, 108, 111, 117

Eighteenth Division (Russian), 53, 94, 134, 137

Eighth Army (Russian), 35, 39, 52, 118, 121, 171

Eighth Division (Finnish), 213

Eighty-eighth Division (Russian), 53, 179

Eleventh Division (Finnish), 47, 86

Ericsson, Lieutenant, 227–28

Erkko, Eljas, 16, 19–20, 50

ErP-9 (independent battalion), 103, 112, 118, 120–21

ErP-10, 115, 118–20

ErP-11, 107

ErP-15, 169

ErP-16, 151, 158

ErP-112, 112, 119–21

Eskola, 167

Estonia, 9, 15, 56

F

Fagernas, Lieutenant Colonel, 163, 168

Fifth Division (Finnish), 47, 73, 79, 86, 213–14, 218, 229–30, 232, 260

Fifty-fifth Division (Russian), 94

Fifty-fourth Division (Russian), 54, 174–78

Fifty-sixth Division (Russian), 52, 96–97, 123

Finnish Air Force, 189

“Finnish-American Legion,” 199

Finnish Army, 72, 74, 87, 89, 111, 131, 236, 241, 244, 255, 268

tactical doctrine of, 40–43

weapons of, 43–46

Finnish National Army, 60–61

Finnish Navy, 55

Finnish Red Cross, 28

Finnish War College, 100

First Corps (Finnish), 243

First Division (Finnish), 69, 86–88, 213, 243

Fokker D.XXI (aircraft), 190–91

Forbes, Rosita, 28

Forty-fourth Division (Russian), 147, 159, 161–63, 169–70, 174

Forty-ninth Division (Russian), 78

Fourteenth Army (Russian), 35, 39

Fourth Corps (Finnish), 39, 47, 52–53, 66, 93–94, 99–100, 103, 107, 121, 123, 127–30, 134, 140, 143

Fourth Division (Finnish), 47, 86, 89, 213, 243

Fourth Division (Russian), 78

Fourth Jaeger Battalion (Finnish), 139

France, 198, 236, 246

Franco, Francisco, 32

G

Gamelin, General, 237

Germany, 6–7, 12, 14, 16, 101, 236, 239, 264, 267

Gloster Gladiator (aircraft), 190

Gnevny (ship), 56

Great Motti, 133, 137–38, 140

Grendal, General V. A., 206

Group L, 69

Group M, 69

Group R, 69

Group Talvela, 101–2, 111, 117

Group U, 69–70, 73

Grozyaschi (ship), 56

Gulf of Bothnia, 47, 54, 251

Gulf of Finland, 3, 6, 7, 12, 15, 54–55, 63, 219

Gulf of Viipuri, 190, 243, 255, 257

Gusevski, Major General, 54, 102, 174–75

H

Haapavaara, 152, 158

Hägglund, Major General Woldemar, 39, 47, 99, 121, 129, 130–31, 133–35, 138, 140

Halsti, Wolf, 201, 230, 232

Hanko, 15–16, 56, 189, 246–47, 251, 261, 263–64

Hannu, Lieutenant, 227–28

Haranpaaniemi, 257

Haukila farm, 159, 164, 167

Heinivaho, Lieutenant Aarne, 113

Heinrichs, General Erik, 47, 69, 213, 243

Heiskanen, Major General Juho, 52, 99

Helsinki, 6, 15, 21, 23, 26–29, 38, 40, 48, 50, 73, 132, 143, 149, 187, 204, 209, 240, 246, 248, 251

Hevosalmi (straits), 114

Hietajärvi, Lake, 118

Hirvasharju, 103, 113

Hirvasjärvi, Lake, 102–3, 112, 114–15

Hirvasvaara (ridge), 112–13, 115

Hitler, Adolf, 8, 12, 14–17, 30, 196, 239, 266–67

Holsti, Rudolf, 12

Honkaniemi Station, 244

Hoover, Herbert, 189

Hulkoniemi, 157, 160–61

Hull, Cordell, 267

Humaljoki, 219

Hungary, 196, 198–99, 268

Huovinen, Lieutenant, 157

Hyrynsalmi, 54, 150, 154

I

Ilmarinen (ship), 55

Ilomantsi, 47, 94, 100–2, 107–8, 111, 116–17, 134

Imatra, 72

Intermediate Line, 214, 218, 231, 233, 242–44

Ironside, General Sir Edmund, 237–39, 252–53

Isotalo, Lieutenant Urho, 106, 113–14

Italy, 196, 198

J

Jakobsen, Max, 15, 194, 234, 269

Jariseva, 78

Jehkila, 96

Joensuu, 94

JR-9 (Finnish infantry regiment), 225, 227

JR-13, 229

JR-14, 229–30, 232

JR-15, 229

JR-16, 99–100, 103–4, 109, 110–14, 120

JR-17, 88, 99

JR-19, 99

JR-25, 99

JR-26, 99

JR-27, 99, 152, 154–56, 159, 163, 166–67

JR-34, 124–28

JR-36, 124–27

JR-64, 158

JR-65, 158, 167

Juntusranta road, 150, 161–62

Jussaro Island, 240, 246

K

Kaarnanjoki, 78

Kajaani, 151, 154

Kalevala, 55

Kallio, Kyösti, 21, 29, 50–51, 252, 254

Kallioniemi, 111, 117

Kallionsalmi, 117

Kämärä Ridge, 232, 242

Kandalaksha, 178

Karelia, 4

Karelian Isthmus, 3, 15, 22, 38, 43, 55, 62, 64, 66, 67, 70–71, 74, 88, 94, 98–99, 123, 127, 143, 200, 204–6, 213–14, 227, 240, 247, 251, 261, 263

Karhula, 87

Kari, Major, 163

Kaukjärvi, Lake, 87

Kelja, 78–79

Kemijärvi, 53, 141, 171, 178–79

Kemi River, 178–79

Ketola, 152

Khalkin Gol (battle), 33

Khrushchev, Nikita, 17, 21–22, 66, 263

Kiantajärvi, Lake, 160–61

Kirkkojärvi, Lake, 221

Kirov (ship), 56

Kitelä, 51–53, 94, 129, 133–35, 137, 171

Kivela, Lieutenant Eero, 110

Kivijärvi, Lake, 125

Kivinapa, 69

Kiviniemi, 69

Kivisalmi, 103, 106, 111–12, 116

Kodratjev, General Stepan Ivanovich, 140

Koirinoja, 53, 137–38

Koivisto Island, 56, 64, 219, 243

Kokkojärvi, Lake, 159, 167–69

Kollaa front, 127–30, 135

Kollaa River, 52–53, 98, 100, 123, 127–30, 134, 171

Kollaa road, 94, 96–97, 101

Kondrashev, General, 53

Korpiselka, 94, 100, 103, 107–8

Kotajärvi, Lake, 134

Kottisaari Island, 103–5, 110, 112, 115

Koukunniemi peninsula, 75–77

Kovajärvi, Lake, 158

Kronstadt, 7, 245

Kuhmo, 54, 93, 99, 171, 174, 178

Kuivasjärvi, Lake, 156, 159

Kulik, G. I., 22, 35

Kuomasjärvi, Lake, 155, 159

Kuusinen, O. W., 21, 58–61, 199–200, 235, 251

Kylänmaki junction, 160

L

Ladoga, Lake, 3, 15, 38–39, 43, 47, 51–53, 62–64, 75, 94, 98–100, 121, 123, 129, 131, 133, 135, 138–39, 263

Ladoga-Karelia, 39, 51–52, 93, 98, 100, 121

Lähde road sector, 63–64, 80–82, 206, 209, 213, 225, 227–29, 231, 233

Lahti, 50

Lahti automatic rifle, 44–45, 96

Langdon-Davies, John, 218, 261

Lapland, 172–73, 178

Lapuan Movement, 8–9, 28, 30

Lassila, Captain, 163–68

Latvia, 15

Lavansaari (island), 15, 50

League of Nations, 14, 61, 237–38

Lemetti junction, 53

Lenin, V. I., 5, 7

Leningrad (St. Petersburg), 3, 4, 7–8, 13, 15–16, 18, 63–64, 203, 254

Leningrad Military District, 34–35

Lieksa, 54, 171, 178

Liete, 126

Likoharju, 169

Lipola, 69

Lithuania, 15

Loimola, 52, 94, 123–25, 127–28, 133

London, 143

Lotta Svard organization, 192

Löytävaara ridge, 175, 177

Luukkanen, Eino, 56, 258

Luumäki, 99

M

Maginot Line, 63, 65, 204

Majajoki River, 229–30

Mäkälä, 163

Mäkinen, Captain J A, 156–57, 159, 162–63

Mäkiniemi, Lieutenant Colonel, 167–68

Malkamäki, Major, 111–12

Malm, Lieutenant, 227

Mandehn, Colonel, 167

Mannerheim, Baron Carl Gustav, 4, 6, 13, 16, 20–21, 23–32, 39–40, 43, 47, 50, 51–54, 63, 65, 69, 71–75, 83, 85–86, 93–94, 97–101, 119, 121, 123, 125–28, 132–33, 140, 143–44, 154, 158, 171–72, 174, 177, 179, 199–200, 205, 213, 218, 229, 231–33, 236, 243–44, 248–49, 263, 266–69

Mannerheim Child Welfare Association, 28

Mannerheim Line, 15, 37–39, 43, 47, 51, 62–66, 69, 71, 73, 75, 79–80, 82, 89, 98–99, 204–6, 213–14, 217–18, 221, 225, 229, 241, 242, 244

Mantsmsaan Island, 134, 138

Mäntylä, 168

Marat (ship), 57

Märkäjärvi, 179

Meretskov, General K A, 34–35, 38, 66, 75, 206, 227

Metsanvaara, 118

Miinalainen, Sergeant, 109

Mikkeh, 47, 100, 202

Million-Dollar Bunker, 209, 226–28

Möhkö Hill, 107, 111, 117

“Molotov Breadbaskets,” 188

Molotov Cocktails, 72–73, 82, 111, 177, 222

Molotov, V, 15, 18, 21–22, 181, 235, 250–52

Mongolia, 33–34, 205

Morane-Saulnier 406 (aircraft), 190

Motti tactics, 131–33

Muolaa church battle, 221–25, 231

Muolaanjärvi, Lake, 64, 82, 213, 221, 242

Munasuo Swamp, 206, 226–27, 230

Murmansk, 39, 53, 93, 171, 173–74, 264–65, 267

Murmansk Railroad, 7, 51, 150, 161, 178

Mussolini, Benito, 32, 196

Mutka, Corporal, 118–19

Mydans, Carl, 141, 170, 180–84, 261–62

Myllyjärvi, Lake, 115

N

Naistenjärvi, Lake, 124, 127

Namsos, 239

Narvik, 239, 248, 250, 253

Nautsi, 174

Neva River, 4

Nicholas II, Tsar, 5, 29

Nikolaevski Cavalry School, 23

Nikoskelainen, Major, 107

Ninth Army (Russian), 35, 39, 174

Ninth Division (Finnish), 47, 99, 152, 154, 160, 165, 174

North Finland Group, 47

Norway, 172, 198, 236–39, 248, 250, 252, 265, 267–68

Nurmes, 174

O

Oesch, General, 257

Öhquist, General Harold, 17, 31, 47, 63, 65–66, 69, 71–72, 85, 88, 90, 213, 216, 218–19, 225, 229, 231, 243–44, 259–60

Oinaansalmi, 108, 111, 117

Oktyabrskaya Revolutsia (ship), 56

104th Division (Russian), 53, 172

122d Division (Russian), 53, 178

123d Division (Russian), 206, 208–9, 227, 229

139th Division (Russian), 52, 94, 102, 117–18, 121

142d Division (Russian), 78

150th Division (Russian), 78

155th Division (Russian), 54, 93, 100, 102, 107–8, 117

163d Division (Russian), 54, 150, 152, 154–56, 159–60, 162, 169, 174

168th Division (Russian), 53, 94, 134–35, 137, 139

Operation Barbarossa, 264, 266

Östermann, General Hugo, 31, 47, 69–73, 85, 231, 243–44

Oulu, 47, 54, 99–100, 152, 154, 158

P

P-1 (ski guerrilla battalion), 158, 167

Paasikivi, J. R., 29, 240, 250, 252

Pähkemikkö, 78

Pajari, Lieutenant Colonel Aaro, 100–4, 106, 109–12, 114–21

Palovaara junction, 151, 158–59

Patoniemi, 78

Pelkosenniemi, 178–79

“People’s Republic of Finland,” 58–61

Peranka, 150–51, 158

Perkjärvi station, 87

Perojoki River, 88

Peter the Great, 3, 4, 14, 247, 252

Petrograd (Leningrad), 25

Petrozavodsk, 51–52

Petsamo, 6–7, 39, 53–54, 93, 171, 173–74, 178, 236–37, 265

Piispajärvi, Lake, 151, 155, 158, 162, 169

Piitsoinjoki River, 125, 127

Pitkäranta, 94, 138, 140

Pojasvaara, 119

Poland, 15–16, 34, 237, 250

Polikarpov I-16 (aircraft), 191

Poppius bunker, 82, 209, 226–28

Pownall, General, 239

PPP-6 (bicycle battalion), 158, 160–61

PPP-7 (bicycle battalion), 94, 97, 102, 104, 116–17, 121

Pulliniemi, 243–44, 255

Puolanka, 152

Puras road, 169

Purasjoki River, 167–68

Pyhäjärvi, Lake, 136, 213

R

Raate road, 151, 155, 159, 163, 167–69

Räsänen, Lieutenant Colonel, 94, 96–98, 102

Rasti, 174

Rear Line, 214, 231, 244, 256–57, 259

Red Air Force, 163, 166, 175–76, 187–88, 193, 232

Red Army, 12, 19–20, 34, 58, 91, 203, 205–6, 214, 232, 256, 268

Red Guard, 5, 60

Red Navy, 55, 57

“Red Terror,” 26

Rintala, Marvin, 27, 30

Ristisalmi, 102, 116–17

Roosevelt, Franklin, 197, 265

Roosevelt, Kermit, 194

Rovaniemi, 39, 53–54, 178

Royal Air Force, 267

Royal Navy, 236–37, 252

Ruhtinaanmäki, 135

Ruokojärvi, Lake, 133, 135

Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), 4, 13, 44, 158

Rybachi Peninsula, 15, 53, 171, 251, 263

Ryti, Risto, 51, 199, 235, 240, 268

S

Saarenpää, 56–57, 219–20

Saimaa Canal, 259

St. Petersburg (Leningrad), 3, 4, 13, 16, 23

Salla, 53–54, 93, 178–79, 251, 257

Salmi, 53, 94

Salonjärvi, Lake, 96–97

Sanginlampi farm, 167

Saukko, 169

“Sausage War,” 109

Second Corps (Finnish), 47, 63, 69, 213, 215, 219, 231, 233, 243, 259–60

Second Division (Finnish), 213, 229, 231, 243

718th Regiment (Russian), 111

Seventh Army (Russian), 35, 38, 206, 242

Seventh Division (Finnish), 213

Seventy-fifth Division (Russian), 118

Shaposhnikov, General B. M., 34, 204

Sibelius, Jean, 5, 197

Siberian Ski Brigade (Russian), 176–77

Siilasvuo, Colonel Hjalmar, 152, 154–61, 163, 165, 167, 169, 174–78

Siira road, 134, 136

“Sisu Legion,” 199

Siukosaari, Lieutenant, 116

609th Regiment (Russian), 103, 116

662d Regiment (Russian), 151–52, 158

Sixth Division (Finnish), 84–89, 99–100, 213

Sodankylä, 178

Sortavala, 94

South Africa, Union of, 198

Special Battalion No. 112, 96–98

Stahlberg, K. J., 8, 27

Stalin, Joseph, 7, 9, 14–22, 29, 32, 34–35, 39, 51, 54–55, 58–59, 61, 149–50, 173, 189, 196, 203–5, 232, 250, 264–66, 268–69

Stockholm, 234, 241

Stokowski, Leopold, 197

Summa, 63–64, 66, 71, 75, 79–84, 86, 127, 206, 208, 213–16, 218, 219, 221, 223, 225–27, 232, 257

Summajärvi, Lake, 227, 229–30

Summajoki River, 64

Suojärvi, Lake, 52–53, 93–94, 96–98, 100–1, 123–24

Suomenlinna, 27

Suomi submachine gun, 45–46

Suomussalmi, Battle of, 54, 93, 99, 131, 143, 147, 150–70, 174–75, 178

Susitaival, Lieutenant Colonel Paavo, 151, 159

Suulajärvi, Lake, 69

Suursaari (island), 13, 15, 50

Suvanto Waterway, 75–76, 78, 214

Suvilahti, 98, 100, 123–26

Svinhufvud, P. E., 9, 29, 171

Sweden, 4, 7, 20, 44, 144, 150, 171, 195–96, 198, 237–40, 246, 248–49, 251–53

Syskyjärvi, Lake, 52–53, 123, 133–36

T

Taipale sector, 75–79, 82, 127, 206, 213–14, 219–20, 230, 242–43

Taivaljärvi, Lake, 103

Talvela, Colonel Paavo, 99–103, 107–8, 110–11, 118–22, 134, 152, 243

Tampere, 6, 70, 104, 188

Tanner, Väinö, 30, 50, 61, 196, 199, 234–35, 240–41, 246–48, 266

Tartu, Treaty of, 6

Task Force A, 135

Task Force E, 108, 117

Task Force H, 135, 137

Task Force Kari, 167–69

Task Force Mäkiniemi, 169

Task Force Mandelin, 168

Task Force R, 94, 96–98, 100, 121, 123

Task Force Susi, 151, 158

Teittinen, Colonel, 125–28

Tenth Division (Finnish), 47, 75, 77, 79, 213, 218

Terijoki, 58, 70

Tervajoki, 257

Tervavaara, 158

Tetrilampi, 108

Third Corps (Finnish), 47, 69, 213, 242–43

Third Division (Finnish), 213, 260

Thirteenth Army (Russian), 206

Thirty-fifth Light Tank Brigade (Russian), 227

Thirty-fourth Tank Brigade (Russian), 134, 137, 140

Thirty Years’ War, 109

Timoshenko, S. K., Marshal, 66, 204–6, 208–9, 214, 227, 229, 245

Tolvajärvi, Lake, 52–53, 93–95, 97–104, 107–8, 110, 112, 117–23, 133–35, 152, 171, 243

Tornio, 251, 264

Toscanini, Arturo, 197

Trondheim, 239

Tuominen, Arvo, 59–60

Tuompo, Major General W. E., 47, 151, 154, 171, 174, 176

Tupolev SB-2 (aircraft), 191

Turku, 50, 55–56, 188–89, 201, 230

Twelfth Division (Finnish), 124–27

Twenty-eighth Corps (Russian), 259

Twenty-first Division (Finnish), 213–14

Twenty-seventh Jaeger Battalion, 5, 6, 99, 101, 108, 120

Twenty-third Division (Finnish), 140, 214, 259

Tytarsaari (island), 15, 50

Tyynelä, 167–69

U

Uomaa road, 53, 94, 134–37, 140

Uto Island, 56

Uusikirkko, 69

V

Väinämönen (ship), 55

Valimaki, 119

Valkjärvi, Lake, 69

Varpakyla, 96

Värtsilä, 94, 98, 100–2

Vieksinki, 119

Viipuri, 4, 15, 50, 63–64, 188, 202, 209, 214, 231, 243, 249, 255–57, 259–61, 268

Viipuri Gateway sector, 206, 209, 213, 218

Viljanen, Lieutenant Colonel Kaarlo, 120

Vinogradov, General, 159, 162–63, 166, 168–70, 174

Virkki, First Lieutenant, 157

Voronov, Marshal N. N., 35, 46

Voroshilov, Defense Commissar K. E., 34, 203

Vuoksi Waterway, 47, 63, 75, 213–14, 242

Vuontele, 96

W

Wallenius, General Kurt, 8–9, 28, 171–74, 178–80, 257

White Guard, 6

White Sea Fleet, 172

“White Terror,” 26–27

Wuolijoki, Hella, 234

Y

Yartsev, Boris, 12–13, 234

Ylajärvi, 119


Z

Zelentsov, Major General, 150, 155, 170, 174

Zhdanov, Andrei, 16, 21–22, 34, 203, 206

Zhukov, Marshal G. K., 33, 205