The barbarians without and within the empire in 476, and what the barbarians found. The Roman heritage: political government: civil administration: the Roman army: towns: trade: the Christian faith
The races of barbarians outside the Roman empire: the Germanic language and culture: the Mongol language and nomad culture: the Goths and their movements to 476: Vandals, Burgundians, Franks and Anglo-Saxons
The Ostrogothic arrival and Cassiodorus’ history of the Goths: Theoderic’s conquest and machine of government; Gothic Arianism; Theoderic’s foreign policy and the dangers from Catholic provincials and the eastern emperor; Theoderic’s death and the succession difficulties; the Gothic wars and Justinian’s reconquest of Italy; Gothic art and buildings; the Cassiodoran effort to save Roman learning at Vivarium
The early Franks; Gregory of Tours and his History of the Franks; Clovis’s conquests and conversion; defeat of the Visigoths at Vouglé; the Frankish régime under Clovis and his sons, central and local government, society, and the Salic law; the division of the kingdom in 511 between Clovis’s four sons, and their wars and further conquests; Frankish bishops, church-buildings, ornaments and art; the monastic life in Gaul and under the early Franks
Gaiseric’s conquest of the Roman diocese of Africa; Vandal government and society; Gaiseric’s successors, Hunneric, Gunthamund, Thrasamund, Hilderic, Geilimir; Belisarius’ reconquest of Africa; transmission of the Roman heritage in Africa; Martianus Capella, St Augustine and their influence on the new Europe
The Visigothic settlement in Gaul: Visigothic political history; Euric, and his laws: Alaric II and Vouglé: Amalaric and Theudis; Agila; Athanagild and the Byzantine recapture of southern Spain; Leovigild’s warlike nationalist policy; Recared and the conversion of Spain to Catholicism; his successors; the Liber Judiciorum; Roderic and the Arab conquest; learning in Spain, Isidore of Seville and Martin of Braga
Rival theories about the transition from the Roman empire to the barbarian kingdoms; the money economy of the Roman empire: theories as to the money or natural economy of the barbarian kingdoms; the Arab conquests and further recession under the Carolingians: agrarian change under Merovingians and Carolingians
Character and government of the Byzantine empire: Greco-Roman, Christian and oriental elements in its character: its economic structure and constitution
Zeno and Anastasius, 474–518: Justin I and Justinian, 518–565; Justinian’ s ability, codification of Roman law, buildings, wars, issue of the Three Chapters and death
Bishops and patriarchs: the east, Antioch, Alexandria, Constantinople, Seleukia-Ctesiphon and the Persian church: the west, the Roman primacy and its early history: pope Leo I: Theoderic, Symmachus and the Liber Pontificalis: Gregory the Great
Relation of Islam to Byzantine empire and Latin west: landmarks in history of Islamic conquests: origins of Islam: Muhammad’s life, religious background, writing of the Arabic Qur’an, teaching and death: advance of Islam under the first four caliphs: the Umayyad caliphs and the Abbasids: Islamic art: Islamic translations and use of Greco-Roman and Indian learning
Frontier defence and setting up of ‘themes’; the Lombards; Maurice deposed by Phokas; Heraclius’ wars with Persians and Avars and his reforms; his last years and failure against the Arabs; the Heraclian emperors; Constantine III and the second deliverance of Constantinople; end of the Heraclian dynasty in 711
Learning and schools: the clerical training and the liturgy: Celtic learning: Bede and Boniface: Byzantine education: Theodore: Greco-Roman art and its origins: crosses, illuminations, buildings: procedure in elections, specially episcopal elections
The Lombard invasion, kingship and settlement; Paul the Deacon; the successive Lombard kings and the collapse of the Lombard kingdom in 774; Lombard institutions and culture; the growth of papal power in the Lombard period
Character of the period 561–768; historical sources of the period, Fredegar and the annalists; the partition of 561 to the death of Dagobert, 63g; shadow Merovingian rule and the rise of the mayors of the palace, 639–719
Charles Martel and his defensive wars; Carloman, Pepin the Short and St Boniface; sole rule of Pepin the Short, 751–768; he assumes the royal title, 751; intervention in Lombardy, 756; defeats the Saracens in Septimania and the Saxons; Frankish institutions in the later Merovingian and early Carolingian period; Frankish and Anglo-Saxon art
The Carolingian countryside; the ‘cultures’ of western Europe; the historical sources for the period; Charles, his family; the lay magnates; ecclesiastical councillors
The army of Charlemagne; Charles’s intervention in Italy in 774, 780, and 786; Roncesvalles and the creation of the Spanish March
The Saxon wars; the subjugation of Bavaria and the creation of the Bavarian Mark: the conquest of the Avars and absorption of Avar lands into Bavaria and the Mark of Friuli; war with the Greeks for the head of the Adriatic, 800–814; naval war with the Moors of Spain and Africa for Corsica and Sardinia
Conditions precedent to Charles’s elevation to the empire; Leo III’s appeal for help and the coronation in St Peter’s; Charles’s relations, as emperor, with the papacy and the Greeks; the missi and the capitularies; the Carolingian palace, succession arrangements, and counts; Charles’s last years, will and death
Leo III, Constantine IV and the Arab wars; the Ecloga; the iconoclast controversy and the return to orthodoxy; Arab wars in the first half of the ninth century; Basil I, Leo VI and the frontier wars; the ninth-century renaissance of learning and legal reform; Photius and the Photian schism; his sending of Constantine and Methodius to convert the Moravians and Bulgarians
Causes of the break-up of the empire; reign of Louis the Pious; the Ordinatio of 817; the Constitutio Romana of 824; the Lügenfeld, 834; death of Louis the Pious, 840; the partition of Verdun, 843
The reigns of Lothar I, 843–855 and Louis II, 855–875; Louis II’s power confined to Italy; early difficulties of Charles the Bald with northmen and Bretons; difficulties over Lothar II of Lorraine’s marriage to Theutberga, 860–867; edict of Pitres, 864, against the northmen, and their further raids; treaty of Mersen 870; imperial coronation of Charles the Bald, 875, and death, 877; misfortunes under rules of Charles the Fat, 881–888
The Celtic peoples; their conversion, learning and art; the Scandinavian peoples, the Viking period, the early kings, the runic writing; Scandinavian architecture and art
The cradle of the race; the nomads of south Russia; Slav expansion into the Balkans in the sixth and seventh centuries; the western, southern and eastern Slav settlements; conversion of the Adriatic Slavs; conversion of the Moravians and the Bulgarians
The ninth-century Byzantine and western renaissance contrasted; the Carolingian effort to educate the clerical order; cathedral and monastic schools; increased clerical intelligence shown by condemnations of pagan and superstitious practices, and by episcopal supervision of the process of canonization; the work of Raban Maur, Walafrid Strabo, Servatus Lupus, and John the Scot; the Caroline form of the liturgical sequence and Notker Balbulus
Caroline treatment of the seven liberal arts; the multiplication of manuscripts and the Caroline minuscule; the preservation of the Latin classics; Caroline interest in antiquity and desire for ancient written authorities: forgeries to supply written authorities: forged charters, ill-founded histories: the False Capitularies and False Decretals
Early Christian music in the east; the ecphonic and musical signs; musical notation in east and west; Carolingian architecture; Carolingian illumination; the palace school, the Ada group, the schools of Tours and Reims; goldsmiths’ work, ivories, wall-painting
The rise of a feudal society: pre-feudal institutions, vassalage, the general oath of fidelity; subdivision of the Carolingian empire after 888: Arnulf, king of the east Franks: Odo, king of the west Franks: the kingdoms of Provence, Burgundy and Lorraine: disputed succession in Italy; Arnulf crowned emperor, 896; reign of Louis the Child, 899–911