The abbreviation CW in the notes refers to The Collected Works of C. G. Jung. The abbreviation MDR refers to Jung’s Memories, Dreams, Reflections. Quotes from the Bible are noted as NEB (New English Bible), AV (Authorized [King James] Version), or RSV (Revised Standard Version).
EDITOR’S PREFACE
1. Aion, lecture series available on tape from the C. G. Jung Institute, Los Angeles.
2. Parabola, vol. 1, no. 1, 1976.
Chapter 1. WHAT IS MYTHOLOGY?
1. C. G. Jung, Symbols of Transformation, vol. 5 of The Collected Works [CW] of C. G. Jung (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1950, 1984), par. 466.
2. E.g., The Greek Myths (Baltimore: Penguin, 1955).
3. Homer, The Iliad of Homer, trans. Alexander Pope (New York: Macmillan, 1965), VI, line 6.
4. John Milton, “Lycidas,” lines 70–84.
5. John Keats, “Endymion,” lines 1–24.
6. Ovid, Metamorphoses, trans. Rolfe Humphries (Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 1955), p. 204.
Chapter 2. THE BEGINNINGS: COSMOGONY
1. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, “Prometheus,” lines 11–25, 56–65.
2. Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound, trans. E. D. A. Morshead, in The Complete Greek Drama I, ed. W. J. Oates and Eugene O’Neill (New York: Random House, 1950), lines 437–504.
3. Isa. 53:2–6 (NEB).
Chapter 3. THE OLYMPIAN GODS
1. Homer, The Odyssey, trans. A. T. Murray (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press/Loeb Classical Library, 1984), VI, 41–46.
2. Richard Wilhelm, trans., The I Ching or Book of Changes, trans. from the German by Cary F. Baynes (New York: Pantheon, 1950), p. 1.
3. Plato, The Republic, in The Dialogues of Plato, trans. Benjamin Jowett (New York: Random House, 1937), Book 3.
4. Wilhelm, The I Ching, p. 210.
5. Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Hymn of Apollo,” lines 13–18, 31–36.
6. Heraclitus, fragment 53, in Kathleen Freeman, Ancilla to the Pre-Socratic Philosophers (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1962), p. 28.
7. Hesiod, “Hymn to Ares,” in The Homeric Hymns, trans. Charles Boer (Irving, Tex.: Spring Publications, 1979), lines 1–43.
Chapter 4. THE OLYMPIAN GODDESSES
1. Lucretius, Of the Nature of Things, trans. W. E. Leonard (New York: E. P. Dutton and Sons/Everyman Library, 1943), 1, lines 1–25.
2. Euripides, Hippolytus, in The Complete Greek Drama I, lines 442–450.
3. Prov. 8:22–31 (NEB).
Chapter 5. THE HEROES
1. Jung, Psychological Types, CW 6 (1971), par. 757.
2. Ibid., par. 755.
3. Otto Rank, The Myth of the Birth of the Hero (New York: Vintage Books, 1959), p. 65.
4. Louis Ginsberg, Legends of the Bible (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1975), pp. 288f.
5. Friedrich Nietzsche, “Homer’s Contest,” in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. Walter Kaufman (New York: Viking Press, 1974), p. 33.
6. Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, trans. R. C. Jebbs, in The Complete Greek Drama I, lines 1224–1228.
7. Erich Neumann, The Origins and History of Consciousness (New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1954), p. 42.
8. Sophocles, Antigone, trans, R. C. Jebbs, in The Complete Greek Drama I, lines 943–949.
9. William Shakespeare, Hamlet, 3.2.20–24.
10. Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, vol. 1, trans. E. F. J. Payne (Indian Hills, Colo.: Falcon’s Wing Press, 1958), p. 85.
Chapter 6. THE TROJAN WAR
1. Jung, Psychology and Alchemy, CW 12 (1953, 1968), p. 51.
2. Gilbert Murray, The Rise of the Greek Epic (London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1907), p. 224.
3. Christopher Marlowe, The Tragedy of Doctor Faustus, ed. Louis B. Wright (New York: Washington Square Press, 1959), Sc. 13, 1. 106–126.
4. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Faust, trans. Louis MacNeice (New York: Galaxy Book/Oxford Univ. Press, 1960), p. 303.
5. Aeschylus, Agamemnon, trans. E. D. A. Morshead, in The Complete Greek Drama, lines 916–925.
6. Murray, The Rise of the Greek Epic, p. 264f.
7. Homer, The Iliad, I, lines 1–8.
8. Sigmund Freud, quoted in Ernest Jones, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud, vol. 1 (New York: Basic Books, 1953), p. 5.
9. Homer, The Iliad, I, lines 378–383.
10. Ibid., XXIV, lines 622–662.
Chapter 7. ODYSSEUS
1. Homer, The Odyssey, IX, lines 39–60.
2. Jung, The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche, CW 8 (1960, 1969), par. 778.
3. Homer, The Odyssey, IX, lines 94–99.
4. Alfred Tennyson, “The Lotos-Eaters,” lines 37–45.
5. Jung, The Practice of Psychotherapy, CW 16 (1974), par. 489.
6. Homer, The Odyssey, IX, lines 106–115.
7. Hesiod, Works and Days, trans. Hugh Evelyn-White, in The Homeric Hymns and Homerica (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press/Loeb Classical Library, 1959), lines 112–122.
8. Erich Neumann, Origins and History of Consciousness, pp. 266–275.
9. Homer, The Odyssey, X, lines 289–298.
10. Ibid., X, lines 302–306.
11. Cleanthes, fragment 526, quoted in Hugo Rahner, Greek Myths and Christian Mystery (New York: Biblo and Tannen, 1971), p. 193.
12. Heraclitus, Homeric Problems, 73, quoted in Rahner, Greek Myths and Christian Mystery, p. 194.
13. Homer, The Odyssey, X, lines 496–498.
14. Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, trans. Lawrence Grant White (New York: Pantheon, 1948), Inferno I, lines 1–7.
15. Goethe, Faust, p. 20f.
16. Herman Melville, Moby-Dick (New York: Modern Library, 1926), p. 1.
17. Nietzsche, “Mixed Opinions and Maxims,” in The Basic Writings of Nietzsche, trans. and ed. Walter Kaufman (New York: Modern Library/Random House, 1968), p. 159.
18. Virgil, The Aeneid of Virgil, trans. Rolfe Humphries (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1953), VI, lines 243–249.
19. Ibid., VI, lines 260–294.
20. Ibid., VI, lines 724–751.
21. Homer, The Odyssey, XII, lines 184–191.
22. Plato, The Republic, X, 617.
23. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections [MDR], ed. Aniela Jaffé (New York: Random House, 1963), p. 189.
24. Plato, The Republic, X, 619B.
25. Plato, Laws, in Collected Dialogues of Plato, ed. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns (New York: Pantheon, 1961), VII, 792D.
26. Wo aber Gefahr ist, Wächst Das Rettende auch. Translated by the author from Friedrich Hölderlin, “Patmos,” in Poems and Fragments (Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 1967), p. 462.
27. Homer, The Odyssey, VIII, lines 550–563.
28. Ibid., XIII, lines 96–112.
29. Porphyry, On the Cave of the Nymphs, trans. Robert Lamberton (Barrytown, N.Y.: Station Hill, 1983), parts 20 and 23.
Chapter 8. THE TRAGIC DRAMA: OEDIPUS
1. Aristotle, Poetics, trans. W. Hamilton Fyfe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press; London: William Heinemann, 1965), 6.3.
2. Jung, Mysterium Coniunctionis, CW 14 (1965, 1970), par. 778.
3. Gilbert Murray, “Excursus in the Ritual Forms Preserved in Greek Tragedy,” in Jane Harrison, Themis (London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1927), pp. 341ff.
4. A. C. Bradley, Shakespearean Tragedy (Greenwich, Conn.: Fawcett Publications/Premier Books, 1965), p. 27.
5. Ibid., p. 29.
6. Jung, Symbols of Transformation, CW 5, pars. 264f.
7. Sophocles, Oedipus the King, in The Oedipus Plays of Sophocles, trans. Paul Roche (New York: Penguin, 1991), lines 20–26.
8. Ibid., lines 37–51.
9. Ibid., lines 1188–1191.
10. Ibid., lines 411–419.
11. John Bunyan, Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1962), p. 27.
12. Martin Luther, quoted in Roland Bainton, Here I Stand (New York: Abingdon-Cokesbury, 1950), pp. 82f.
13. Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus, lines 1516–1544.
14. Sophocles, Antigone, lines 1346–1350.
Chapter 9. SHRINES AND ORACLES
1. C. A. Meier, Ancient Incubation and Modern Psychotherapy (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern Univ. Press, 1967), pp. 53–61.
2. Jung, MDR, pp. 292f.
3. Plutarch, “De genio Socratis,” Moralia VII, trans. P. H. De Lacy and B. Einarson (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press/Loeb Classical Library, 1968), 591B.
4. Jung, Mysterium Coniunctionis, CW 14, par. 173.
5. Plutarch, “De genio Socratis,” 591.
Chapter 10. DIONYSUS
1. Heb. 10:31 (AV).
2. Euripides, The Bacchae, in The Bacchae and Other Plays, trans. Philip Vellacott (New York: Penguin Books, 1973), lines 298–301.
3. Euripides, quoted in Jane Harrison, Prolegomena to the Study of Greek Religion (New York: Meridian Books, 1957), p. 479.
4. Clement of Alexandria, quoted in Harrison, Prolegomena, p. 483.
5. Proclus, Timaeus 3, quoted in G. R. S. Mead, Orpheus (London: John Watkins, 1965), pp. 160ff.
6. Percy Bysshe Shelley, “Adonais,” lines 450–463.
7. Alan Watts, Myth and Ritual in Christianity (Boston: Beacon Press, 1968), p. 155.
8. Jung, Nietzsche’s Zarathustra, ed. J. L. Jarrett (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1988), pp. 57f.
9. Edward Fitzgerald, trans., The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam (Mount Vernon: Peter Pauper Press, 1937), verses 40 and 43.
10. John Milton, “Comus,” lines 63–77.
11. William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, The Voice of the Devil.
12. Milton, “Comus,” lines 722–755.
13. Jung, Psychology and Alchemy, CW 12, par. 179.
14. Nietzsche, The Birth of Tragedy, in Basic Writings of Nietzsche, p. 37.
15. Eph. 2:13–15 (RSV).
16. 1 Cor. 11:27 (NEB).
17. Euripides, The Bacchae, line 18.
Chapter 11. ORPHISM
1. For a definition of thyrsus, see the glossary.
2. Plato, Phaedo, in Plato, trans. H. N. Fowler (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press/Loeb Classical Library, 1962), 69B–D.
3. Quoted in Harrison, Prolegomena, pp. 573–585.
4. E. A. Wallis Budge, The Book of the Dead, vol. 2 (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1949), p. 207.
5. John 4:10, 14 (NEB).
6. Euripides, Orestes, line 211, quoted in Harrison, Prolegomena.
7. Shakespeare, Macbeth, 2.2.35–39.
8. Harrison, Prolegomena, pp. 581f.
9. Plato, The Republic, X, 620E–621B.
10. Quoted in Hans Jonas, The Gnostic Religion (Boston: Beacon Press, 1963), p. 45.
11. Luke 10:17 (RSV).
12. 2 Tim. 4:7–8 Standard Edition.
13. Jonas, The Gnostic Religion, pp. 228f.
14. Jung, MDR, pp. 290f.
15. Matt. 18:3 (RSV).
16. Plato, The Republic, X, 614B–620D.
17. Ibid., 621B.
Chapter 12. THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIES
1. Neumann, The Origins and History of Consciousness, pp. 41ff.
2. Carl Kerényi, Eleusis (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton Univ. Press, 1988), pp. 95–102.
3. Plato, Phaedrus, in The Dialogues of Plato, 249C–250C.
4. Hesiod, The Homeric Hymns and Homerica, lines 480–482.
5. Kerényi, Eleusis, pp. 92f.
6. J. B. Priestley, Rain Upon Godshill, quoted in Gerhard Adler, Studies in Analytical Psychology (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1948), p. 143.
7. Jung, MDR, pp. 293ff.
8. Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, Paradiso, 33, lines 67–145.