INDEX
Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Aasia Bibi, 95
Abbas, Athar, 259
Abbas, Hassan, 18, 136, 266
Abbas, Zaffar, 226
Abbassi, Shahid Khaban, 12
Abbassi, Zaheerul Islam, 45
Abdul Aziz University, 312
Abdullah, Abdullah, 205
Abedi, Agha Hassan, 312
Abou Zahab, Mariam, 17, 121, 317, 321
Abu Dhabi National Oil Corporation (ADNOC), 311–312
Ackerman, Gary, 241
Ad Dawlah al Islamiya fil Iraq wal Sham (Daesh), 130, 208
Afghan High Peace Council (HPC), 202–204
Afridi, Shakil, 247–248, 258
Agha, Tayyab, 203, 209
Ahle-Sunnatwal-Jamat, 82
Ahl-i Hadith, 316, 320
Ahmed, Khaled, 98, 103
Ahmed, Nadeem Ijaz, 49
Ahmed, Qazi Hussain, 81
Ahrar ul Hind, 129
Ahsan, Aitzaz, 69
Ajoka Theater, 81
Akhtar, Rizwan, 191
Akhtar, Saleem, 105
Al Azhar, 325
Al Basirah Trust, 317
Ali, Tariq, 11
Al-Jehad Trust, 97
All India Muslim League (AIML), 9–10, 25–26, 71, 85, 194, 303
All Pakistan Democratic Alliance, 75
Al Qaeda, 17, 45, 124, 236, 254, 258, 322; war against, 4, 29, 40, 130, 198, 212, 224, 227–228, 238–239, 253, 265, 290
Al-Zulfikar, 70
Amin, Shahid, 302
Amir, Ayaz, 95
Amir-ul-Momineen, 192, 207
Anderson, Joseph, 260
Andreski, Stanislaw, 28
Anjuman-i-Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (Society of the Soldiers of the Companions of the Prophet), 321–322
Ansar ul Mujahidin, 129
Anti-Narcotics Force, 140
Aqeel (alias Dr. Usman), Mohammed, 154
Arafat, Yasser, 306
Ashraf, Raja Pervez, 37, 66, 74, 92, 180
Asian Development Bank (ADB), 95, 151, 180
Austin, Lloyd, 261
Awami League, 170, 305
Awami National Party (ANP), 38, 62–63, 65, 68, 70, 76, 78–79, 82–84, 128, 178, 180
Aziz, Sartaj, 42
Bagh, Mangal, 129
al Baghdadi, Abu Bakr, 130
Baloch, Abdul Malik, 82
(Baluch) National Party (NP), 82
Baluch National Party (BNP), 83
Bank of Credit and Commerce International, 312
Baradar, Mullah, 202
Basra, Riaz, 321
Bayat, Asef, 322
Beg, Mirza Aslam, 16, 48, 171, 308
Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), 206
Bhutto Benazir, 2, 11, 14, 16, 30, 32, 69, 172, 176, 178, 301, 307–308, 324; alliance politics, 12, 33, 92, 94; assassination, 43, 49, 68, 70, 83, 91–92
Bhutto, Murtaza, 11, 70
Bhutto, Zulfikar Ali, 10, 13, 15, 29, 69, 76, 79, 122–123, 170, 175–176, 223, 305, 324; execution of, 70, 77, 97, 171, 307; foreign relations of, 2, 7, 196, 222, 286–287, 301, 304–306, 310, 319
Bianchi, Robert, 319
Biden, Joe, 232, 234–235, 238
bin Laden, Osama, 40, 45–46, 66, 227, 238, 247–248, 250, 252, 255, 258, 262, 288, 290, 296
Blackwater, 80, 246
Bogra, Muhammad Ali, 303
Brennan, John, 246
Bugti, Akbar, 73
Burke, S. M., 302–303
Burki, Shahid Javed, 9, 165, 186, 266
Bush, George W., 29, 33, 73, 220, 225–226, 228, 231–233, 236, 240, 243–245, 264–265
Bush Sr., George, 223
Buzan, Barry, 291
Cabinet Committee on National Security (CCNS), 41–42
Cameron, David, 251
Campbell, John, 261
Carter, Jimmy, 223, 251
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 29, 43, 45, 66, 80, 224, 228, 244, 246–248, 252–253, 265
Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), 4, 7, 221, 282, 303, 307, 317
Chase, Robert, 289
Chaudhry, Iftikhar Muhammad, 16–17, 23, 31, 36–37, 69, 73, 89–94, 98–99, 101, 104–105, 108, 178
Chinese Communist Party, 292
Chollet, Derek, 241
Clinton, Bill, 177, 224–225, 251
Clinton, Hillary, 219, 237–238, 244, 247, 257
Cohen, Craig, 241
Cohen, Steven, 14
Coll, Steve, 245
Corera, Gordan, 307
Cornelius, A. R., 100
Cowasjee, Ardeshir, 15
Cyprus Group, 198
Dalai Lama, 281
Dar, Ishaq, 258
Darul Ulum Deoband, 316
Davis, Raymond, 45, 64, 75, 246, 250, 265
Defense Committee of the Cabinet (DCC), 41–42, 256
de Gaulle, Charles, 77
Dempsey, Martin, 255, 261
Department of Homeland Security, 159
Dilanian, Ken, 263
Dostum, Abdul Rashid, 197, 205
Dr. Usman, 154
Dubai Islamic Bank, 311
Durrani, Asad, 16, 48
East Turkestan Islamic Movement, 212
Ehsan, Ehsanullah, 129
Ehsan, Muhammad Ali, 259
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 4, 221, 223, 282
En-Lai, Chou, 5, 222, 282
European Union (EU), 155, 266
Faisal, King, 306, 318
Faisal Islamic Bank, 312
Faridi, Sharaf, 105
Fazlullah, Mullah, 191
Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), 48, 140, 142, 147, 153–154
Feldman, Dan, 261
Feldman, Daniel, 264
Frontier Constabulary, 140
Frontier Corps (FC), 48, 140–141, 143, 147, 229, 240, 287
Gandhi, M. K., 174, 194
Garver, John, 280, 285
Gates, Robert, 238
Geo TV, 45
Ghailani, Ahmed Khalfan, 227
Ghani, Ashraf, 191–192, 197, 207–210, 213–214, 261
Ghani, Awais, 132
Ghayur, Safwat, 160
Ghazi, Abdul Rashid, 318
Ghias, Shoaib A., 93–94
Gilani, Yousaf Raza, 16, 37, 47, 66, 74, 92, 98, 109, 178, 259, 290
Granger, Serge, 6, 279
Grare, Frederic, 156, 266
Grossman, Marc, 256
Hagel, Chuck, 258
Haider, Eijaz, 107
Haider, Moeen-ud-din, 159
Haig, Alexander, 226
Hamid, Shadi, 322
Haq, Mahbubul, 176
Haq, Sirajul, 81
Haq Prast Lashkar, 78
Haqqani, Hussain, 46, 231, 237, 242, 248, 287
Haqqani, Jalaluddin, 192, 208, 214
Haqqani, Sirajuddin, 209
Haqqani Network, 43, 191–192, 196–199, 206–207, 212, 239, 253–256, 258, 260
Harkat-ul-Mujahideen, 197
Haroon, Sana, 8, 301
Hasan, Ali Dayan, 95
Hasan, Amir Munawwar, 81
Hashmi, Javed, 85
Helmke, Gretchen, 106
Hikmatyar, Gulbuddin, 2, 80, 196–198
Hizb-e-Islami, 198
Hizb ut-Tahrir, 81
Holbrooke, Richard, 233, 238–239, 256
Hoodboy, Pervez, 219
Human Rights Watch, 146
Huntington, Samuel, 28
Hussain, Altaf, 38, 63, 77–78, 85–86
Hussain, Chaudry Shujaat, 14, 74
Hussain, King, 306
Hussain, Mamnoon, 38, 102, 181
Hussain, Mushahid, 14
Hussain, Zahid, 7, 260
Ijaz, Mansoor, 46
Ijaz, Saroop, 104
Ijaz-ul-Haq, 15
Ilahi, Choudhry Zahoor, 70
Illahi, Pervez, 74
Indian National Congress (INC), 3, 10, 25, 194
Indo-Tibetan Border Police, 206
Insaf Students Federation, 75
Intelligence Bureau (IB), 140, 153
International Islamic University, 318, 320
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 82, 165–166, 176–177, 182, 185, 258
Interpol, 73
Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), 14, 32, 39, 40, 42–44, 49, 50, 67, 69, 72, 74, 76, 80, 93, 101, 140, 144, 153–154, 237, 250; and Afghanistan, 43, 191, 197–199, 202, 207, 209, 211, 224, 239; and India, 43, 211; and judiciary, 16, 47–48, 50, 102; and PML–Q, 30, 35; support to militants, 43, 45–46, 80, 197, 254; and the United States, 29, 43, 45, 224, 228, 247–248, 252–253
Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR), 42, 44, 259
Iqbal, Ahsan, 12
Iran-Pakistan Language Authority, 317
Iran-Pakistan Persian Research Center, 317
Ishaq, Malik, 155
Islamic Development Bank, 310, 312
Islamic Lawyers Movement, 81
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, 44
Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS), 192, 208, 210, 322, 325
Islami Jamhoori Ittehad, 72
Islami Jamiat Talaba, 81
Jafar, Imam, 316
Jaffrelot, Christophe, 1, 26, 219
Jahangir, Asma, 93
Jaish-e-Muhammad (JeM), 155, 199
Jama’at-e-Islami (JI), 17, 36, 38, 63, 71–72, 80–84, 86
Jamaat-ul-Ahrar, 129
Jamaat-ut-Dawa, 45
Jamhoori Watan Party, 83
Jamiat Ahl Hadith, 80
Jamiat-e-Islami, 196
Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam (JUI), 17, 65, 70, 75–76, 80, 82–84, 123
Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Fazl ur Rehman (JUI-F), 80, 82
Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam Samiul Haq (JUI-S), 80
Jamiat Ulema Pakistan, 80
Jan, Farah, 6, 279
Japanese National Safety Commission, 145
Jatoi, Qayum, 69
Jhangvi, Haq Nawaz, 321
Jillani, Tassaduq Hussain, 105
Jindal, Abu, 320
Jinnah, Mohammad Ali, 1, 3, 9–10, 15, 25–26, 173
Jinping, Xi, 266
Jones, James L., 236
Jundullah, 212
Junejo, Mohammad Khan, 72, 171
Kahuta Laboratory, 227
Kaira, Qamar Zaman, 74
Karzai, Hamid, 197–199, 202–207, 211, 213, 245, 261
Kayani, Ashfaq Pervez, 32, 34–37, 39, 46–47, 49–50, 69, 71, 73, 92, 172, 181, 237–238, 245, 248, 259–260, 263
Kazmi, Syed Hamid Raza, 70
Kennedy, John F., 222–223, 283
Kerry, John, 45–46, 101, 233–236, 242–243, 249, 254, 257–258, 260, 262
Khaliquzzaman, Chaudhuri, 303
Khalis, Yunus, 198
Khan, Abdul Ghaffar, 3, 78, 85, 194
Khan, A. Q., 7, 227, 287
Khan, Asfandyar Wali, 78, 83, 85
Khan, Asghar, 16, 93, 102
Khan, Ayub, 13–15, 34, 171, 174–176, 222–223, 301, 303–306; as commander-in-chief, 3, 27–28; fall of, 170; military government of, 24, 28, 169, 181, 304; relations with China, 222, 284; relations with the United States, 4, 181, 221–223, 244, 264, 284
Khan, Ghulam Ishaq, 172, 176
Khan, Hamid, 91
Khan, Humayun Akhtar, 15
Khan, Imran, 17, 50–51, 66, 74, 84–85, 180–181, 183, 249, 257
Khan, Liaquat Ali, 10, 174, 220
Khan, Maryam, 99–100, 109
Khan, Mohammed Daud, 109, 195–196
Khan, Yahya, 13, 28, 170, 285
Khan, Zafrulla, 303
Khanzada, Shuja, 155
Khar, Hina Rabbani, 257
Khomeini, Imam, 317
Khosa, Tariq, 156, 159
Khoso, Mir Hazar Khan, 180
Khudai Khidmatgars (Red Shirts), 79
al Khurasani, Abu Umar Maqbool, 130
Khurasani, Omar Khalid, 129
Khurram, Abdullah B., 323
Kissinger, Henry, 5, 223
Kronstadt, K. Alan, 230, 245, 287
Kux, Dennis, 18, 235
Lackey, Douglas P., 137
Lahore High Court, 12, 83, 102, 171
Lashkar-e-Islam, 129
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LeJ), 155
Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), 155, 191–192, 206, 236, 254, 258, 263, 320
Lau, Martin, 100
Leghari, Farooq, 172
Lieven, Anatol, 172, 186
Lodhi, Maleeha, 12
Lombardi, Clark B., 100
Lugar, Dick, 45–46, 232–236, 243, 249, 254, 257
Mahmud, Tayyab, 90, 109
Mai, Mukhtaran, 96, 105
Majlis Wahdatul Muslimeen, 80
Malik, Muneer, 103, 105
Mansour, Mullah Akhtar, 207–210
Markey, Daniel, 236, 243
Massoud, Ahmad Shah, 80, 196
Massoud, Ahmad Wali, 205
Maududi, Maulana, 303
McChrystal, Stanley, 239, 251
Médard, Jean-François, 219
Mehsud, Baitullah, 43, 125, 231, 246
Mehsud, Hakimullah, 128–129, 259
Menon, Shivshankar, 203
Military Intelligence (MI), 48–49, 102
Military Staff College, 306
Minhajul Quran, 85
Mir, Hamid, 45
Mirza, Zulfikar, 63, 78
Modi, Narendra, 183, 206, 213
Mohammed, Khalid Shaikh, 227
Mohaqiq, Haji Mohammad, 205
Mountbatten, Lord, 174
Movement for the Restoration of Democracy (MRD), 13, 29
Muawiya, Asmatullah, 129
Muhammad, Ghulam, 90, 303
Muhammad, Nek, 231
Mukhopadhaya, Gautam, 203–204
Mukhtar, Ahmed, 74
Mullen, Michael, 238, 247, 253–255, 257
Musharraf, Pervez, 13–15, 32–33, 35, 37, 49, 63, 67, 73–78, 80, 82, 86, 91–92, 103, 125, 145–146, 153, 159, 178, 226–227, 237, 259, 322; coup d’état, 15, 28, 30, 32, 172, 177, 224, 226; fall of, 46, 51, 72; foreign relations of, 13, 29, 32–33, 72, 177, 199, 225, 227–228, 231–232, 244, 263, 309; and judiciary, 16, 31–32, 48, 50, 51, 71, 91–94, 102, 104–105, 159; military government of, 12, 23–24, 33–34, 44, 177, 198
Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) (United Action Front), 30, 80–82, 125
Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM), 38, 62–63, 65, 68, 70, 77–81, 83–84, 86, 128, 178, 180
Muttahida Qaumi Movement-Hakiki (MQM-Hakiki), 77
Nabil, Rahmatullah, 192, 197, 213
Nadiri, Khalid, 195
Najibullah, Mohammad, 196–197
Naqvi, Feisal, 106
Naseemullah, Adnan, 9, 165
National Accountability Bureau (NAB), 49, 73
National Assembly’s Public Accounts Committee (PAC), 49
National Awami Party (NAP), 79, 122
National Counter-Terrorism Authority (NACTA), 140, 143, 153, 157–158
National Police Bureau (NPB), 140, 143
National Reconstruction Bureau (NRB), 145
National Security Council (NSC), 30, 35, 50, 283
Naval Special Warfare Development Group, 247
Naveed, Malik, 153
Nazimuddin, Khwaja, 309
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 5, 194, 220, 222, 280–281, 284, 304
New America Foundation, 133, 245–246
Nichols, Robert, 122, 133
Nisar Ali Khan, Chaudhry, 15
Nixon, Richard, 5, 222–223, 286
Noorani, Shah Ahmad, 80
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 125, 193, 195, 197, 199, 228, 231, 241, 248, 253, 256, 260, 266; supplies to, 40, 66, 201, 227, 242, 249, 255, 259; withdrawal of, 133, 192, 202, 239
Northern Alliance, 124
Nuland, Victoria, 253
Obama, Barack, 4, 9, 44, 46, 219–221, 223, 225, 227, 231–259, 261–265
Oldenburg, Philip, 16, 89
Omar, Mullah, 192, 198, 207–210, 214, 239, 254
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 1, 4, 306, 310–311
Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), 306, 308, 310, 312
al Otaibi, Juhayman, 319
Pak-Arab Refinery Limited, 311
Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party (PKMAP), 82
Pakistan Awami Tehreek, 183
Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency (PILDAT), 12
Pakistan Media Regulatory Authority (PEMRA), 45
Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) (PML-N), 14–15, 33, 35–36, 38, 47, 50–51, 63, 65, 68, 71–73, 76, 83–84, 92, 94, 165, 178, 180, 185, 323
Pakistan Muslim League (Quaid e Azam) (PML-Q), 14–15, 30, 65, 70, 73–74, 84
Pakistan Muslim League-Functional (PML-F), 70
Pakistan National Alliance (PNA), 15
Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), 11–12, 14–15, 23, 29–30, 32–33, 35–38, 41, 45–46, 51, 62–63, 65–74, 76–79, 82–86, 92, 94, 97–98, 170–172, 175–176, 178–180, 185, 257, 305, 309, 313, 316, 323
Pakistan Rangers, 140–141
Pakistan Refinery, 311
Pakistan Steel Mills Corporation, 93
Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaaf (PTI) (Pakistan Movement for Justice), 36, 38, 52, 62–63, 66, 68, 71, 74–76, 81–86, 180, 183, 185, 257, 259
Palestinian Liberation Organization, 306
Paliwal, Avinash, 18, 191
Panetta, Leon, 248
Panikkar, K. M., 280
Paris Club, 182
Pasban and Shabaab Milli, 81
Pasha, Shuja, 39–40, 49, 69
Patel, Dorab, 98
Patterson, Anne, 240, 254
Pervez, Tariq, 158
Peshawar Group, 198
Peshawar University, 132, 318
Pew Research Center, 71, 237, 249–250, 264, 289–290
Pinochet, Augusto, 24
Pirzada, Syed Sharifuddin, 15
PPP Youth Organization, 69
Punjab University, 317–318
Qaddafi, Muammar Al, 305–306
Qadri, Tahirul, 50, 85, 180–181, 183
Quetta Shura, 192, 204, 254, 258
Rabbani, Burhanuddin, 196, 204
Rabbani, Raza, 66
Rahman, Abdur, 15, 193–194
Rahman, Akhtar Abdur, 15
Rahman, Mujibur, 10, 170, 305
Raja Mohan, C., 211
RAND Corporation, 137
Raphel, Robin, 243
Reagan, Ronald, 223
Rehman, Fazl ur, 82, 85
Rice, Susan, 260
Riedel, Bruce, 232, 235
Rizvi, Hasan Askari, 302
Robinson, Nick, 99
Rome Group, 198
Rosenbluth, Frances, 106
Saad, Malik, 160
Saeed, Hafiz Muhammad, 263
Said (alias Sajna), Khan, 129
Sajna, 129
Saleem, Sheikh Ahmed, 227
Sanger, David E., 265
Sattar, Abdul, 198
Sattar, Babar, 90
Saud, King, 304
Sayed, Khalid Bin, 3, 18
Sayeed, Hafeez, 210
Schaffer, Teresita, 232
Senate Armed Services Committee, 253
Sethi, Najam, 98
Shah, Aqil, 13, 23, 266
Shah, Sajjad Ali, 99
Shah, Zahir, 198
Shahid, Shahidullah, 130, 210
Shahzad, Syed Saleem, 252–253
Sharif, Mian Muhammad, 176
Sharif, Nawaz, 12–13, 30, 32, 42, 66, 69, 71–72, 158, 172, 301; 1999 coup d’état and exile, 12, 31, 33, 85, 177, 309; equation with militants, 2, 72–73, 129, 191, 259, 308; foreign relations, 41, 72, 176, 224–225, 257–259, 261, 309, 323, 325; and judiciary, 91–92, 94–95; and military, 11, 38–39, 41, 51, 72–73, 172; party-politics, 14–15, 23, 30, 52, 72, 74–75, 84–85, 178, 185, 257
Sharif, Raheel, 50, 181, 191–192, 257, 259–261, 263
Sharif, Shahbaz, 36, 72–73
Shazad, Faisal, 252
Shehzad, Saleem, 45
Sherpao, Aftab Ahmed Khan, 153
Siddiqa, Ayesha, 13–14, 148, 266
Siddiqi, Faisal, 107
Siddique, Osama, 107
Siddiqui, Afia, 75
Singh, Manmohan, 251
Sipah-e-Mohammad, 322
Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP), 82, 155
Small, Andrew, 280, 286
Smerconish, Michael, 255
Soofi, Ahmer Bilal, 146
South Asia Strategic Stability Institute, 249–250
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 4, 221, 282
Special Investigation Group (SIG), 147
Special Services Group (SSG), 141, 240
State Bank of Pakistan, 174, 182, 312
Suharto, 24
Sunni Ulema Board, 260
Supreme Court Bar Association, 15, 93
Swati, Azam, 70, 82
Taliban, 2, 4, 24, 37–38, 40, 43–44, 65, 72–73, 76, 79–84, 121, 124–133, 155, 180–181, 191–193, 195–204, 206–212, 214, 225, 228, 231, 236, 238–239, 244, 250, 254, 258–259, 261–262, 265, 308, 321, 324
Tanzeem Nifaz Shariat Mohammadi (TNSM), 65
Tareen, Mohammad Aslam, 148
Taseer, Salman, 93, 104
Tehran University, 304
Tehrik-e-Jafria, 80
Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqha Jafria (Movement for the Protection of the Jafari Fiqh), 80, 321
Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), 43–44, 125, 128–130, 191–192, 200–201, 207, 210, 212–213, 231, 259, 261
al Tohami, Mohamed Hassan, 310
Truman, Harry S., 220–221
UN International Atomic Energy Agency, 308
United Front (UF), 198–200, 205–206
United Nations, 3, 5, 7, 73, 194, 225, 250, 281, 283, 303, 305
United Nations General Assembly, 258, 302, 305
United Nations Security Council, 5, 250, 286
United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 132, 243
University of Karachi, 318
U.S. Congress, 186, 223, 227–228, 232, 236, 241, 243, 252, 255–256, 258, 262, 264, 288
Wahid, Maulana Abdul, 127
Wali (alias Omar Khalid Khurasani), Abdul, 129
Waseem, Mohammad, 17, 62, 108–109
Weinbaum, Marvin, 323
WikiLeaks, 73, 239, 245
Woodward, Bob, 236
Work, Bob, 260
World Bank, 82, 123, 176–177
Xe, 246
Xiaoping, Deng, 292–293, 296
Yacoob, Mullah, 208–209
Zaidi, Akbar, 221, 266
Zakir, Mullah Abdul Qayum, 207–209
Zaman, Gul, 210
Zaman, Muhammad Qasim, 318
Zardari, Asif Ali, 12, 69, 71, 79, 98, 131, 180–181, 247–248, 309; action against terrorism, 44; foreign relations, 46, 232, 234, 237, 250; and judiciary, 16, 69, 71, 74, 83, 92, 94, 102; party-politics, 32–33, 36, 38, 68, 70, 73–76, 85, 94, 172, 178
Zayed, Sheikh, 306, 318–319
Zedong, Mao, 287, 292
Zia, Ahmad, 205
Zia-ul-Haq, 14–15, 70, 77, 98–100, 172, 176, 181, 223, 319; coup d’état, 28–29; foreign relations, 2, 7, 181, 196, 223, 226, 263–264, 266, 287, 307–308, 312, 321; Islamization policy of, 8, 13, 17, 72, 123; military government of, 34, 96, 171, 301
Zubeida, Abu, 227