watersheds of, 5

Vancouver Island Colony, 106, 107, 108, 128, 134, 136–37

Venereal diseases, 56

Violence: categories of, 57

and claiming space, 55, 57–59, 63, 65, 66, 87

colonial sexual violence, 74

displaced violence, 70

between distinct indigenous peoples, 55, 56, 57–60, 62, 63, 66, 70, 81, 85, 87, 100–102, 161–62, 274

and encounters with non-Natives, 53–54, 55, 56, 57, 60–77, 78, 79–84, 87, 296n26

and food shortages, 78–79

and kinship networks, 45

legacies of violence in ča·di· borderland, 77–87

and marine space, 11

and maritime fur trade, 56, 78, 79–84

multidimensional quality of, 55, 87

pre-encounter violence, 57–60

productivity of, 55, 57, 66, 87

retributive violence against Natives, 93, 102–3, 108–9, 110, 114, 122

strategic violence, 57, 68, 71, 80, 87

and trade, 65, 66, 67–68, 101

Waa (Makah village), 9, 173, 207

Waadah Island, 88, 111, 120, 213, 268

Walker, Alexander, 48, 294n87

Wanderhard, Chester (Makah fisher), 253

Warden, Jack, 241–42

Washburn, W. W., Jr., 254

Washington State: and fishing industry, 239–41, 245, 251, 259, 262, 263, 265, 339n116

and international border, 15, 266–67

Washington Territory: as antislavery territory, 134

development of, 128

and interracial relations, 134–35

and Makahs’ negotiating position, 126

or ga ni za tion of, 106, 123

place of Indians in, 131–32

reservations of, 163

and trade, 134, 135

Waterman, T. T., 141, 314n52

Weapons: effects of proliferation of, 56

and trade, 40, 41, 42, 43, 70, 77, 80–81, 82, 83, 299n83

Webber, John: Nootka Sound, 1778, 38

Northwest Coast peoples greeting

Captain Cook’s Resolution in Nootka Sound, 28

Weber, Max, 89–90

Webster, Henry: and Peter Brown, 162, 318n113

and fishing, 156, 220, 221, 223–24, 332n17

on Makahs as anomalous, 164

and Makah trade, 158

and James Swan, 197

and whaling technologies, 176

Webster, Peter, 28, 298n65

Western Apaches, 140

Whacwad (son of Ozette chief), 58

Wha-laltl as sá buy (Makah chief), 161, 162, 166, 173, 318n107

Whaley, Gray, 302n10

Whaling and whaling industry: archaeo-logical evidence of whale harvests, 315n66, 315n69

Arctic catastrophe of 1871, 171, 321n30

butchering, 151, 152, 174

and court cases, 269–70

and drift whales, 25, 101–2, 151, 170, 296n26, 315n66

economic development of, 165

and Honolulu, 96–97

and isi·t, 92, 98

and Makah canoes, 129, 146, 147, 150, 195

and Makah customary practices, 18, 127, 129, 130, 130, 144–45, 151, 167, 175, 177, 201, 269–70, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 277–81, 341n19

and Makah knowledge, 144–47, 315n67

and Makah marriage practices, 152–53

and Makah productivity, 169

and Makah responsibility, 148, 176

and Makahs’ moditional economy, 17

and Makah spirituality, 47, 149–51, 152, 172, 271, 272, 273

and Makah weather-prediction skills, 146

and Makah whaling rights, 1–3, 2, 125, 126, 130, 136

and marine products, 147, 172, 279

and narrative of US West, 12

and Neah Bay, 112

non-Native whalers, 167, 168–72, 173, 174, 176, 319–20n13, 321n30

and Quileutes, 296n26

returns from whales killed, 98, 304n29

and settler-colonialism, 13

shore whaling operations, 169, 170, 174

statistics on, 173–74, 173, 321n30

and subsistence exemption, 1–3

technologies of, 167, 176–77, 208, 276, 281

and whale oil, 98, 122, 129–30, 147, 167–69, 170, 172–75, 195, 243, 304n29, 305n34, 319n11, 320n23, 321n29, 321n30, 321n31, 321n32

and whale population, 167, 168, 170–71, 172, 174–77, 321–22n33

White, Charles, 175

White, Richard, 305n32

Wickaninnish (Clayoquot chief): attempt to purchase non-Native vessels, 41–42

authority of, 25, 274

death of, 86

and encounters with non-Natives, 24, 25, 31–32, 34, 40, 74, 83, 85

and indigenous sovereignty, 26, 32

and kinship networks, 45, 47, 50, 51–52

longhouse of, 33

and Meares, 36, 55, 60, 68–69, 70

and potlatches, 43, 60

sea power of, 32

and Tatoosh, 54, 70, 87

and trade, 19, 36, 39, 40, 41, 44, 50, 51–52, 67, 68–69, 70, 80, 83, 84, 85

violence used by, 57, 59–60, 83, 86–87, 303n11

Wilkes, Charles, 35, 308n83

William and Ann, 84–85, 103

Willoughby, Charles, 200, 205

Witt, Edgar E., 210, 212

Women. See Indigenous women

Wood, Oliver, 176

Worth, Benjamin, 319n13

Wunder, Jon, 289n33

Wyadda, 177

Wylly, Phillips, 3

ii·ktu·yak (lightning snake), 27, 150, 172

Yakama Treaty (1855), 137

Yakima Indian Agency, 242

Yelaub (Makah chief

Flattery Jack): as big chief, 310n96

emergence as leader, 92–93

family background of, 91–92, 96, 103, 116, 302–3n11

and Grant, 107

and Hudson’s Bay Company, 93, 113, 116

and indigenous protocols of justice, 89

longhouse of, 92

reaction to settler-colonialism, 110–11, 112, 116–17, 122–23, 307n66

and sea otter hunting, 97–98

and S’Klallams, 101–2, 305n39

and smallpox, 117, 121, 123

strategies of, 104–5, 112, 115, 116, 122–23, 274, 278

and trade, 90, 91, 92, 100, 115, 116, 117, 119, 122, 274, 278

and Una wreck, 88–89, 301–2n3

and US Pacific Coast Survey, 114, 115

violence used by, 102

Yuquot-Tahsis confederacy, 24

Zilberstein, Anya, 77, 78–79

ita·ndaha· (Makah chief), 126