Chapter 1
1.Quoted in Leonard P. Curry, Rail Routes South: Louisville’s Fight for the Southern Market, 1865–1872 (Lexington, Ky., 1969), 11–12.
2.Quoted in Kincaid Herr, The Louisville & Nashville Railroad, 1850–1963 (Louisville, 1964), 21.
3.Quoted in Joseph G. Kerr, Historical Development of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad System (Louisville, 1926), 13.
Chapter 2
1.Annual Report of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad Company: President and Director’s Supplemental Report No. 2, 78.
2.Quoted in Kerr, Historical Development, 30.
3.Quoted in Thomas Weber, The Northern Railroads in the Civil War, 1861–1865 (New York, 1952), 180.
4.Quoted in Kerr, Historical Development, 33.
Chapter 3
1.Quoted in Robert C. Black III, The Railroads of the Confederacy (Chapel Hill, N. C, 1952), 31–32.
Chapter 4
1.Julius Grodinsky, Transcontinental Railway Strategy, 1869–1893 (Philadelphia, 1963), 104–105.
2.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1866), 48.
3.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1868), 37.
4.Ibid., 42.
5.Ibid., 48.
Chapter 5
1.Quoted in Ethel Armes, The Story of Coal and Iron in Alabama (Birmingham, 1910), 247.
2.Quoted in Kerr, Historical Development, 53.
3.Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company Minute Books (October 1, 1866), II, 179.
4.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (October 24, 1868), VII, 519.
5.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1869), 59.
6.Louisville Courier-Journal, August 24, 1869.
7.L & N Minute Books (June 7, 1870,11,427–28.
8.Louisville Daily Courier, March 25, 1867.
9.L & N Annual Report for 1869, 57.
10.Quoted in Curry, Rail Routes South, 6.
Chapter 6
1.Quoted in Curry, Rail Routes South, 44.
2.Ibid., I27n.
3.Quoted in ibid., 105.
4.Quoted in ibid., 111.
5.Quoted in Armes, Coal and Iron in Alabama, 105.
6.Quoted in ibid., 114.
7.Quoted in ibid., 218.
8.Quoted in ibid., 244.
9.This scene is taken from ibid., 248–49.
Chapter 7
1.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nash- ville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1873), 10–11.
2.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1875), 12.
3.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1876), 10.
4.Quoted in Armes, Coal and Iron in Alabama, 240.
5.Quoted in ibid., 252.
6.L & N Minute Books (October 5, 1875), II, 582.
7.Quoted in Armes, Coal and Iron in Alabama, 258–59.
8.L & N Report for 1876, 12.
9.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1877), 10–11.
10.American Railroad Journal, LI (1878), 1214–15.
11.44tn Report of the President and Directors of the Central Railroad and Banking Company of Georgia (Savannah, 1879), 7.
12.Louisville Courier-Journal, July 12, 1877.
13.Ibid., July 23, 1877.
14.Ibid.
15.Ibid., July 25, 1877. Standiford’s reply is printed in. full here.
16.Ibid.
17.Ibid., July 26, 1877.
Chapter 8
1.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, (Louisville, 1879), 7~8.
2.Ibid., 12–13.
3.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (January 24, 1880), XXX, 91–92.
4.Ibid. (December 20, 1879), XXIX, 657.
5.L & N Minute Books (January 21, 1880), III, 88–94.
6.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (April 24, 1880), XXX, 420–22.
7.Ibid. (March 13, 1880), XXX, 273.
8.Richard T. Wilson to W. T. Walters, October 29, 1879, Charles M. McGhee papers, Lawson-McGhee Library, Knovxille, Tenn.
9.Wilson to Charles M. McGhee, December 16, 1879, McGhee papers.
10.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (April 10, 1880), XXX, 384.
11.Raymond B. Nixon, Henry W. Grady: Spokesman of the New South (New York, 1943), 168.
12.Augusta Chronicle and Constitutionalist, May 7, 1880.
13.Railroad Gazette, XII, 314.
14.Augusta Chronicle and Constitutionalist, May 7, 1880.
15.Dun & Bradstreet Reports (May 1, 1880), Kentucky, XXIX, 39, Baker Library, Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration.
16.William H. Joubert, Southern Freight Rates in Transition (Gainesville, Fla., 1949), 118.
17.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1880), 17. Unless otherwise stated, all quotations in this section are drawn from pp. 17–25 of this report.
Chapter 9
1.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (January 24, 1880), XXX, 91.
2.Nixon, Henry W. Grady.
3.Louisville Courier-Journal, July 2, 1879. Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1881), 14.
4.Edward P. Alexander to his daughters, December 19, 1881, 14.
5.Edward P. Alexander papers, Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.
5.Milton H. Smith to C. C. Baldwin, September 7, 1883. This letter is one of several from Smith to the directors contained in three privately printed books currently in possession of the L & N Public Relations Department. I am grateful to Mr. Charles B. Castner of that department for making copies of these letters available to me. Unless otherwise indicated, all quotations in this section come from this letter.
Chapter 10
1.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (February 25, 1882), XXXIV, 216.
2.Edward P. Alexander to his wife, June 3, 1882, Alexander papers.
3.The following analysis is taken from Commercial and Financial Chronicle (July 22, 1882), XXXV, 88–90.
4.Ibid. (March 31, 1883), XXXVI, 365.
5.L & N Minute Books (May 10, 1876), II, 603.
6.Ibid. (July 6, 1882), III, 419–20.
7.Ibid. (May 27, 1880), III, 186.
8.Louisville Courier-Journal, February 1, 1884.
9.Milton H. Smith to the Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, September 14, 1885, 12, printed version in possession of the Public Relations Department, Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Hereafter cited as Smith to Directors.
10.Ibid., 13.
11.Louisville Courier-Journal, May 22, 1884.
12.Ibid.
13.Ibid.
14.Ibid., May 20, 1884.
15.Ibid., May 21, 1884.
16.The New York Times, June 5, 1884.
17.L & N Minute Books (June 9, 1884), III, 514.
18.Louisville Courier-Journal, June 9, 1884.
19.Ibid., June 10, 1884.
20.Ibid., June 12, 1884.
21.Ibid., June 14, 1884.
22.Quoted in Smith to Directors, September 14, 1885.
23.“Report of Committee to the Board of Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (no date), 3. This report can be found looseleaf in L & N Minute Book, IV. All quotations in this section are taken from this report.
24.Smith to Directors, September 14, 1885.
25.Ibid.
26.Ibid.
Chapter 11
1.Quoted in Mary K. Bonsteel Tachau, “The Making of a Railroad President: Milton Hannibal Smith and the L & N,” Filson Club History Quarterly, XLIII, No. 2 (April, 1969), 129. I have drawn extensively from this article for biographical information.
2.See Chapter 2, pp. 27–44.
3.Quoted in Tachau, “Making of a Railroad President,” 130.
4.Quoted in ibid., 131.
5.Ibid.
6.Quoted in ibid., 147, n. 69.
7.Ibid., 134. See also Chapter 6 above.
8.Milton H. Smith to H. J. Jewett, Thomas A. Scott, and William H. Vanderbilt, February 7, 1875, reproduced in “Louisville and Nashville Railroad Co., Hearings before the Interstate Commerce Commission,” Senate Document 461, 64 Cong. 1 Sess. (May, 1916), 456–60; hereafter cited as “L & N Hearings 1916.”
9.Milton H. Smith to August Belmont, December 13, 1894, printed version in possession of the Public Relations Department, Louisville & Nashville Railroad.
10.Milton H. Smith to the Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, September 23, 1886, printed version in possession of the Public Relations Department, Louisville & Nashville Railroad.
11.Smith to Belmont, December 13, 1894.
12.L & N Minute Books (March 22, 1881), III, 304.
13.Ibid. (July 6, 1882), III, 419–20.
14.Cyrus Adler, Jacob H. Schiff: His Life and Letters (New York, 1929), 59.
Chapter 12
1.Tachau, “Making of a Railroad President,” 126.
2.Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1887), 24.
3.Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1889), 29.
4.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (January 14, 1888), XLVI, 57.
5.Adler, Jacob Schiff, 56.
6.Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1890), 32.
7.Adler, Jacob Schiff, 57–58.
8.Ibid., 58.
9.Ibid., 61.
10.Ibid.
11.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (October 9, 1897), LXV, 650.
12.Ibid. (October 8, 1898), LXVII, 714.
13.Annual Report of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1898), 19.
14.Ibid.
15.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (July 15, 1899), LXIX, 130.
16.L & N Minute Books (February 10, 1893), VII, 207–33. The remaining quotations in this section are taken from this source.
Chapter 13
1.Quoted in Armes, Coal and Iron in Alabama, 335.
2.Annual Report of the President and Directors of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company (Louisville, 1887), 21.
3.L & N Report for 1889, 13.
4.This episode and its quotations are taken from Armes, Coal and Iron in Alabama, 444.
5.Quoted in ibid., 281.
6.Ibid.
7.Smith to L & N Directors, September 23, 1886. The italics are mine.
8.Quoted in Herr, L & N Railroad, 104.
9.Smith to Directors, September 23, 1886. Unless otherwise noted, all quotations in this section are from this source.
10.L & N Report for 1887, 23.
11.“L & N Hearings 1916,” 497.
Chapter 14
1.L & N Report for 1887, 20.
2.L & N Minute Books (May 29, 1888), V, 186–88.
3.Ibid.
4.Adler, Jacob Schiff, 60.
5.Commercial and Financial Chronicle (November 4, 1893), LVII, 763.
6.L & N Minute Books (August 6, 1889), V, 479–84.
7.The L & N could enter Cincinnati via its Louisville, Cincinnati & Lexington, but that route was practical only for business from points west of Louisville. The Kentucky Central provided direct access to the Queen City from points south.
8.“L & N Hearings 1916,” 379–80. All quotations on the conference are drawn from the stenographic memorandum made during the discussion, which is reproduced in ibid., 379–86.
9.Smith to Spencer, February 22, 1896, reproduced in ibid., 369.
10.Ibid., 371.
11.Spencer to Smith, February 29, 1896, reproduced in ibid., 371.
12.Ibid., 372.
13.Smith to Spencer, March 30, 1896, reproduced in ibid., 375.
14.Spencer to Smith, April 4, 1896, reproduced in ibid., 375.
15.Smith to Spencer, November 18, 1896, reproduced in ibid., 376.
16.Atlanta Journal, April 12, 1902.
17.L & N Minute Books (October 30, 1902), X, 307.
18.Quoted in Herr, L & N Railroad, 163.
Chapter 15
1.Smith to Directors, September 23, 1886.
2.Ibid.
3.Ibid.
4.Quoted in Herr, L & N Railroad, 83, from which much of this account is drawn.
5.Quoted in John F. Stover, American Railroads (Chicago, 1961), 158.
6.Herr, L & N Railroad, 328. Here, too, I have drawn extensively from this work.
7.Ibid., 348.
8.L & N Minute Books (March 5, 1885), IV, 156–58.
9.Quoted in Stover, Railroads of the South, 231.
10.Quoted in Stover, American Railroads, 152–53.
11.Quoted in Herr, L & N Railroad, 133.
Chapter 16
1.Quoted in William Z. Ripley, Railroads: Rates and Regulation (New York, 1927), 386.
2.“Report of the Committee on Interstate Affairs,” Senate Reports, 49 Cong., i Sess., No. 46, 125.
3.“L & N Hearings 1916,” 406. The passage from Sumner can be found in ibid., 406–07.
4.“Railway Rates and Charges, etc.” Senate Documents, 55 Cong., 2d Sess., No. 259, 13, 17; hereafter cited as “Railway Rates.”
5.Ibid., 16.
6.“L & N Hearings 1916,” 455.
7.Ibid., 346.
8.Ibid., 395.
9.“Railway Rates,” 20.
10.Ibid., 10.
11.Milton H. Smith, “The Powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission,” North American Review, DVI (January, 1899), 64.
12.“Railway Rates,” 20.
13.Milton H. Smith, “The Dangerous Demands of the Interstate Commerce Commission,” The Forum, XXV (April, 1898), 133.
14.Smith, “Powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission,” 64.
15.“L & N Hearings 1916,” 347.
16.Milton H. Smith, “The Inordinate Demands of the Interstate Commerce Commission,” The Forum, XXVII (July, 1899), 562.
17.Smith, “Powers of the Interstate Commerce Commission,” 75.
18.Smith, “Dangerous Demands of the Interstate Commerce Commission,” 142.
19.“Railway Rates,” 14.
20.Ibid., 23–24.
21.That section reads in part: “That it shall be unlawful for any common carrier … to charge or receive any greater compensation in the aggregate for the transportation of passengers or of like kind of property, under substantially similar circumstances and conditions, for a shorter than for a longer distance over the same line, in the same direction, the shorter being included within the longer distance; … Provided, however, That upon application to the Commission … such common carrier may, in special cases, after investigation by the Commission, be authorized to charge less for longer than for shorter distances for the transportation of passengers or property; …” U.S. Statutes at Large, XXIV (1887), 387.
22.“L & N Hearings 1916,” 349.
23.For the decision see In re Louisville & Nashville Co., 1 I.C.C. 31 ff. (1887).
24.“Railroad Rates,” 2.
25.Ibid., 24.
26.Savannah Bureau of Freight & Transportation v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co., 8 I.C.C. 376–408 (1900). The case is represented in William Z. Ripley (ed.), Railway Problems (Boston, 1913), 252—65.
27.Chamber of Commerce of Chattanooga v. The Southern Railway Co., 10 I.C.C. 111–47 (1904). Though not the defendant in this case, the L & N was involved in it.
28.See Phillips Bailey & Co. v. Louisville & Nashville Railroad Co., 8 I.C.C. 93tf. (1898).
29.“Report of the Industrial Commission on Transportation,” House Reports, 57 Cong., i Sess., No. 178, II, 699.
30.William Z. Ripley, Railroads: Rates and Regulation (New York, 1912), 390.
31.Fourth Section Violations in the Southeast, 30 I.C.C. 153ff. (1914).
32.Richard C. Overton, Burlington Route: A History of the Burlington Lines (New York, 1965), 315.
1.“L & N Hearings 1916,” 488.
2.“Railway Rates,” 21.
3.“L & N Hearings 1916,” 346.
4.Ibid., 405.
5.Ibid., 406.
6.The entire passage is reproduced in ibid., 406–07.
7.Ibid., 407.
8.Ibid.
9.Ibid., 408.
10.Ibid., 410.
11.Ibid.
12.Smith to Directors, September 23, 1886.
13.“Railway Rates,” 4.
14.H. L. Stone to W. L. Mapother, December 30, 1910, reproduced in “L & N Hearings 1916,” 153.
15.“Railway Rates,” 4.
16.Ibid.
17.This letter can be found in L & N Minute Books (July 11, 1899), IX, 307–10.
18.Basil W. Duke to William Lindsay, October 4, 1898, reproduced in Thomas D. Clark, “The People, William Goebel, and the Kentucky Railroads,” Journal of Southern History (February, 1939), V, 38n.
19.Ibid.
20.Louisville Courier-Journal, July 4, 1899.
21.Ibid., January 26, 1900.
22.All quotations are taken from “L & N Hearings 1916,” 361–64.
23.Montgomery Advertiser, October 6, 1906, quoted in James F. Doster, Railroads in Alabama Politics, 1875–1914 (Tuscaloosa, Alabama, 1957), 151. Doster’s work is the best and most detailed study of the conflict between Smith and Comer. My account is drawn largely from his work.
24.Quoted in ibid., 156.
25.Ibid., 210.
26.“L & N Hearings 1916,” 365.
27.Reproduced in ibid., 434.
28.Ibid., 404.
29.Quoted in Doster, Railroads in Alabama Politics, 225.
Chapter 18
1.Quoted in Herr, L & N Railroad, 173.
2.L & N Report for 1914, 15.
3.Quoted in Herr, L & N Railroad, 185.
4.Quoted in ibid. Herr’s is the best short account of this episode and I have drawn extensively from his narrative.
5.Quoted in ibid., 186.
6.Quoted in ibid., 197.
7.L & N Minute Books (September 20, 1917), XIV, 521. The quotation is taken from the resolution formalizing the pension plan. The formula proposed was similar to the one that had been used informally since 1901.
8.This quotation and the entire resolution may be found in the “Proceedings of the Stockholders’ Meeting of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company,” included in the front of the L & N Report for 1916, with no page number. A large extract including the main resolutions is reprinted in Herr, L & N Railroad, 170.
9.L & N Report for 1915, 15.
10.Quoted in John F. Stover, The Life and Decline of the American Railroad (New York, 1970), 161.
11.Quoted in ibid., 166. President Wilson’s statement justifying his takeover of the transportation system is copied in L & N Minute Books (April 17, 1918), XV, 7.
12.For the curious, this latter tax involved graduated percentages on the net income of corporations in excess of the amount arrived at by applying the average rate of return on invested capital for the prewar period 1911–13 inclusive of the invested capital for the taxable year. The minimum rate was fixed at 7 per cent and the maximum at 9 per cent of the invested capital for the taxable year. A specific exemption of $3,000 was allowed domestic corporations. Of course, Congress’s definition of net income differed sharply with that of the company.
13.Quoted in Herr, L & N Railroad, 218–19.
14.Milton H. Smith to all Officers and Employees, April 11, 1918, copied in L & N Minute Books (April 18, 1918), XV, 40–41. I could find no figures on the response to his appeal.
15.L & N Report for, 1918, 15.
16.L & N Report for 1919, 13.
17.The L & N Employes’ Magazine, December, 1936, 8.
18.L & N Minute Books (March 17, 1921), XVI, 136–37. The final quotation is also taken from this source.
Chapter 19
1.The L & N Employes’ Magazine, May, 1931, inside front cover.
2.Ibid., March, 1931, inside back cover.
3.R. R. Hobbs, “Radio on the Pan-American,” The L & N Employes’ Magazine, July, 1925, 6. The article includes a technical description of the apparatus.
4.Ibid., 7.
5.The L & N Employes’ Magazine, April, 1925, inside back cover.
6.James J. Donohue, “Wible L. Mapother,” ibid., March, 1926, 19.
7.Whitefoord R. Cole, “The American Ideal,” The L & N Employes’ Magazine, January, 1927, 7. This article was actually a reprinted speech delivered to the Railway Business Association on November 19, 1926.
8.Ibid.,7–8.
9.Ibid., 9, 27.
10.Herr, L & N Railroad, 266.
11.The L & N Employes’ Magazine, January, 1935, 2.
12.J. B. Hill, “President’s Message No. 18,” ibid., August, 1936, 2.
13.J. B. Hill, “President’s Message No. 30,” ibid., September, 1937, 4.
14.J. B. Hill, “President’s Message No. 2,” ibid., February, 1935, 2.
15.This second reduction specified that no one affected by it should have his salary dropped below $175 per month.
16.For the first five years officers were exempted from this compulsory retirement provision.
17.James J. Donohue, “The Railroad Retirement Act of 1937,” The L & N Employes’ Magazine, July, 1937, 7–10.
18.J. B. Hill, “President’s Message No. 5,” ibid., May, 1935, 3.
19.Reproduced in ibid., 2. The letter was signed “Committee.”
20.Ibid., 3.
21.J. Martin Ross, “The Song of Old Reliable,” The L & N Employes’ Magazine, March, 1925, 18.
22.This song is sung by Jean Ritchie on an album entitled “A Time for Singing,” Warner Brothers Records, WS-1592.
23.L & N Minute Books (April 15, 1937), XXI, 143.
Chapter 20
1.54 Statutes at Large, 899.
2.L & N Report for 1940, 5.
3.Herr, L & N Railroad, 279.
4.L & N Report for 1941, 9.
5.L & N Report for 1943, 7.
6.L & N Minute Books (February 20, 1941), XXII, 117–18.
7.L & N Report for 1945, 5.
8.Ibid.
9.L & N Minute Books (September 16, 1948), XXIV, 70–71.
10.L & N Report for 1955, 17.
11.L & N Report for 1949, 5.
12.L & N Report for 1958, 11.
13.L & N Report for 1947, 14.
14.L & N Report for 1949, 14.
15.L & N Report for 1957, 18.
16.L & N Report for 1954, 13.
17.The ten unions represented the boilermakers, carmen, electrical workers, machinists, sheet metal workers, shop laborers, clerks, maintenance-of- way employees, telegraphers, and signalmen. See The New York Times, March 10, 1955.
18.Louisville Courier-Journal, April 14, 1955.
19.Ibid., April 3, 1955.
20.Ibid., April 8, 1955.
21.Ibid., April 9, 1955.
22.The New York Times, April 21, 1955.
23.Ibid., April 26, 1955.
24.John E. Tilford, “L & N Strike by Non-Operating Employees,” L & N Minute Books (May 16, 1955), XXV, inserted between pages 266 and This was Tilford’s report to the board on the strike.
25.Ibid.
26.The New York Times, April 14, 1955. The following quotation is also taken from this advertisement. The propaganda war to win public support was intense on both sides. Tilford noted in his report, cited above, that “Public approval of the railroad position were [sic] sought in the press, by mail, and employees were informed by radio.”
27.Tilford, “L & N Strike by Non-Operating Employees.”
28.Ibid.
29.L & N Minute Books (June 18, 1959), XXVI, 301. This insurance, popularly known as “strike insurance,” covered such items as fixed charges, equipment obligations, sinking-fund payments, ad valorem property taxes, insurance, and payroll expenses for supervisors and other forces needed to maintain the property. It did not cover income or profits lost because of the strike and it pertained only to stoppages that violated the Railway Labor Act or the recommendations of an emergency board. The premium was estimated at between $3,500 and $5,000 annually.
30.L & N Minute Books (January 18, 1945), XXIII, 77.
31.L & N Report for 1954, 10.
32.L & N Report for 1947, 5.
33.Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking Glass and What Alice Found There (New York, n.d.), 45.
34.L & N Report for 1950, 5. The same source also noted that “stimulated industrial activity incident to the international situation was the principal source of improved traffic.”
35.L & N Report for 1954, 8.
36.L & N Minute Books (October 15, 1953), XXV, 95.
37.Stover, Life and Decline of the American Railroad, Chapter 7.
38.L & N Minute Books (May 20, 1954), XXV, 149.
1.L & N Report for 1961, 11.
2.Quoted in Herr, L & N Railroad, 301.
3.William H. Kendall in personal interview with the author, November 16, 1970.
4.Modern Railroads, July, 1967, 21.
5.Railway Age, December 28, 1970, 45.
6.Ibid.
7.Kendall interview, November 16, 1970.
8.L & N Report for 1966, 6.
9.R. E. Bisha, vice president-operations, noted in 1967 that “Unfortunately, the application of computerized controls over general-purpose freight cars has not advanced as rapidly, due primarily to the lack of control which an owner has over this type of equipment when located off his line.” Modern Railroads, July, 1967, 9.
10.Ibid., 31.
11.Railway Age, December 28, 1970, 43.
12.L & N Report for 1968, 3.
13.Kendall interview, November 16, 1970.
14.Ibid.
15.Ibid.
16.Herr, L & N Railroad, 308.
17.L & N Minute Books (February 16, 1961), XXVII, 167.
18.Ibid. (July 18, 1963), XXVIII, 297–98.
19.Ibid. (July 20, 1967), XXXI, 97.
20.Modern Railroads, July, 1967, 6, 8.
21.Kendall interview, November 16, 1970.
22.L & N Minute Books (February 16, 1961), XXVII, 170.
23.Ibid.
24.Ibid.
25.L & N Minute Books (December 13, 1967), XXXI, 136–37.
26.Kendall interview, November 16, 1970.
27.Quoted in Railway Age, September 28, 1970, 36.
28.Kendall interview, November 16, 1970.
29.L & N Report for 1969, 11.
30.Ibid.