1 I. C. Beavis, Insects and Other Invertebrates in Classical Antiquity (Exeter, 1988), pp. 229–36.
2 J. O. Westwood, The Entomologist’s Text-Book. An Introduction to the Natural History, Structure, Physiology and Classification of Insects (London, 1838), p. 17.
3 P. Marren and R. Mabey, Bugs Britannica (London, 2010), p. 302.
4 Beavis, Insects and Other Invertebrates, p. 229.
5 Ibid., p. 234.
6 J. Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of Creation: In Two Parts viz. the Heavenly Bodies, Elements, Meteors, Fossils, Vegetables, Animals (Beasts, Birds, Fishes, and Insects) . . . [1691], facsimile reprint (London, 1826), pp. 84–5.
7 G. O. Poinar et al., ‘Paleoculicis minutus (Diptera: Culicidae) n. gen., n. sp., from Cretaceous Canadian Amber, with a Summary of Described Fossil Mosquitoes’, Acta Geologica Hispanica, 35 (2000), pp. 119–28; A. Borkent and D. A. Grimaldi, ‘The Earliest Fossil Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae), in mid-Cretaceous Burmese Amber’, Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 97 (2004), pp. 882–8.
8 E. Calvo et al., ‘The Salivary Gland Transcriptome of the Neotropical Malaria Vector Anopheles darlingi Reveals Accelerated Evolution of Genes Relevant to Hematophagy’, BMC Genomics, 10 (2009), p. 57.
9 S. Spitaleri et al., ‘Genotyping of Human DNA Recovered from Mosquitoes Found on a Crime Scene’, in Progress in Forensic Genetics, 11: Proceedings of the 21 st International ISFG Congress Held in Ponta Delgada, The Azores, Portugal, between 13 and 16 September 2005 (2006), pp. 574–6.
10 J. D. Gillett, Mosquitoes, The World Naturalist Series (London, 1971).
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2 J. Hogg, The Microscope: Its History, Construction, and Application: Being a Familiar Introduction to the Use of the Instrument, and the Study of Microscopical Science (London, 1854), pp. 598–9.
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5 D. James, Mosquito: An Omnilingual Nosferatu Pictomunication Novel (Marietta, GA, 2005).
6 Service, ‘Observations on Feeding and Oviposition’.
7 D. H. Lawrence, Pansies: A Selection (n.p., 1929).
8 D. H. Lawrence, Birds, Beasts and Flowers (London, 1923).
9 F. Adcock and J. Simms, eds, The Oxford Book of Creatures (Oxford, 1995), p. 260.
1 G. Morge, ‘Entomology in the Western World in Antiquity and in Medieval Times’, in History of Entomology, ed. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler and C. N. Smith (Palo Alto, CA, 1973), p. 67.
2 Ibid., p. 57.
3 Z. Syed and W. S. Leal, ‘Acute Olfactory Response of Culex Mosquitoes to a Human- and Bird-derived Attractant’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 106 (2009), pp. 18,803–8.
4 Pedro Teixeira, The Travels of Pedro Teixeira; with His ‘Kings of Marmuz’, and Extracts from His ‘Kings of Persia’, trans. W. F. Sinclair, with further notes and introduction by D. Fergusson (London, 1902).
5 Brian Hocking, quoted in J. D. Gillett, Mosquitoes, The World Naturalist Series (London, 1971), p. 149.
6 Ibid., p. 80.
7 O. Sotavalta, ‘Recordings of High Wing-stroke and Thoracic Vibration Frequency in Some Midges’, The Biological Bulletin, 104 (1953), pp. 439–44.
8 Morge, ‘Entomology in the Western World’, p. 57.
9 V. Aardema, Why Mosquitoes Buzz in People’s Ears: A West African Tale (New York, 1975).
1 I. C. Beavis, Insects and Other Invertebrates in Classical Antiquity (Exeter, 1988), p. 235.
2 Ibid., pp. 231–2.
3 G. Morge, ‘Entomology in the Western World in Antiquity and in Medieval Times’, in History of Entomology, ed. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler and C. N. Smith (Palo Alto, CA, 1973), p. 67.
4 J. R. Harris, An Angler’s Entomology (London, 1952).
5 S. A. Allan, J. F. Day and J. D. Edman, ‘Visual Ecology of Biting Flies’, Annual Review of Entomology, XXXII (1987), pp. 297–314.
6 A. Thwaite, Glimpses of the Wonderful; The Life of Philip Henry Gosse, 1810–1888 (London, 2002), p. 70.
7 J. Banks, Journal of the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks during Captain Cook’s First Voyage in H.M.S. ‘Endeavour’ in 1768–71 to Terra del Fuego, Otahite, New Zealand, Australia, The Dutch East Indies, etc. (London, 1896), p. 273.
8 N. Moore, ‘Introduction’, in C. Waterton, Wanderings in South America, The North-West of the United States, and the Antilles, in the Years 1812, 1816, 1820 and 1824 (London, 1891), p. 49.
9 A. R. Wallace, A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, with an Account of the Native Tribes and Observations on the Climate, Geology, and Natural History of the Amazon Valley (London, 1853), p. 11.
10 Ibid., p. 137.
11 Ibid., p. 99.
12 Ibid., pp. 99–100.
13 A. R. Wallace, The Malay Archipelago: The Land of the Urang-Utan and the Bird of Paradise. A Narrative of Travel with Studies of Man and Nature (London, 1869), chapter 31.
14 Ibid.
15 Wallace, The Malay Archipelago, pp. 338–9.
16 Ibid., p. 391.
17 From a letter written by Wallace. ‘How Was Wallace Led to the Discovery of Natural Selection?’, at http://people.wku.edu/charles.smith/index1.htm, accessed 1 November 2011. He also refers to this, using slightly different words, in his autobiography: A. R. Wallace, My Life: A Record of Events and Opinions (London, 1905).
18 A. R. Wallace, ‘On the Tendency of Varieties to Depart Indefinitely from the Original Type’, Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, 18 (2nd series; 1858), pp. 53–62.
1 W. R. Dawson, ‘A Norfolk Vicar’s Charm Against Ague’, Original Papers of the Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society, 24 (1932), pp. 233–8.
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3 J.L.A. Webb, Jr, Humanity’s Burden: A Global History of Malaria (New York, 2009), pp. 59–60.
4 J. D. Gillett, Mosquitoes, The World Naturalist Series (London, 1971), p. 193.
5 Ibid., p. 194.
6 I. C. Beavis, Insects and Other Invertebrates in Classical Antiquity (Exeter, 1988), p. 234.
7 Ibid.
8 Webb, Humanity’s Burden, p. 67.
9 Gillett, Mosquitoes, p. 193.
10 L. J. Bruce-Chwatt, ‘John MacCulloch, M.D., F.R.S. (1773–1835)’ (the precursor of the discipline of malariology), Medical History, 21 (1977), pp. 156–65.
11 J. MacCulloch, Malaria: an Essay on the Production and Propagation of This Poison, and on the Nature and Localities of the Places by Which It Is Produced: with an Enumeration of the Diseases Caused by it, and of the Means of Preventing or Diminishing Them, Both at Home and in the Naval and Military Service (London, 1827).
12 P. Reiter, ‘From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age’, Emerging Infectious Diseases, VI (2000), pp. 1–11.
13 D. Defoe, Tour through the Eastern Counties of England, 1722 (London, 1888).
14 A. Nicholls, ‘Fenland Ague in the Nineteenth Century’, Medical History, XLIV (2000), pp. 513–30.
15 Ibid.
16 Ibid.
17 Gillett, Mosquitoes, p. 195.
18 Ibid.
19 Ibid., p. 154.
20 Ibid.
21 A. von Humboldt and A. Bonplan, Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctal Regions of America During the Years 1799–1804; written in French by A. von Humboldt, trans. and ed. T. Ross (London, 1852), vol. III, pp. 284–5.
22 Ibid., p. 285.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid., pp. 288–9.
25 D. Livingstone, Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa; Including a Sketch of Sixteen Years’ Residence in the Interior . . . (London, 1857).
26 R. W. Boyce, Mosquito or Man? The Conquest of the Tropical World, 3rd edn (London, 1910), pp. 24–5.
27 L. O. Howard, A History of Applied Entomology (Somewhat Anecdotal), (Washington, DC, 1930), p. 470.
28 Boyce, Mosquito or Man?, p. 35.
29 C. B. Philip and L. E. Rozeboom, ‘Medico-veterinary Entomology: A Generation of Progress’, in History of Entomology, ed. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler and C. N. Smith (Palo Alto, CA, 1973), p. 355.
30 Ibid., p. 356.
31 Howard, A History of Applied Entomology, p. 470.
32 Webb, Humanity’s Burden, pp. 128–9.
33 Howard, A History of Applied Entomology, p. 482.
34 Ibid., p. 471.
35 Ibid., pp. 483, 491
36 Boyce, Mosquito or Man?, pp. 43–4.
37 F. J. Ayala, A. A. Scalante and S. M. Rich, ‘Evolution of Plasmodium and the Recent Origin of the World Populations of Plasmodium falciparum’, Parassitologia, 41 (1999), pp. 55–68.
38 Webb, Humanity’s Burden.
39 R. F. Burton, Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to Al-Madinah and Meccah, memorial edn (London, 1893).
40 R. Sallares and S. Gomzi, ‘Biomolecular Archaeology of Malaria’, Ancient Biomolecules, III (2001), pp. 195–213.
1 R. W. Boyce, Mosquito or Man? The Conquest of the Tropical World, 3rd edn (London, 1910), pp. 158–214.
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3 R. E. Cheeseman, In Unknown Arabia (London, 1926), pp. 83–4.
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6 G.H.F. Nuttall, L. Cobbett and T. Strangeways-Pigg, ‘Studies in Relation to Malaria: 1. The Geographical Distribution of Anopheles in Relation to the Former Distribution of Ague in England’, Journal of Hygiene (London), 1 (1901), pp. 4–44.
7 W. D. Lang, A Map Showing the Known Distribution in England and Wales of the Anopheline Mosquitoes, with Explanatory Text and Notes (London, 1918).
8 G.H.F. Nuttall and A. E. Shipley, ‘Studies in Relation to Malaria: 2. The Structure and Biology of Anopheles (Anopheles maculipennis), the Egg and Larva’, Journal of Hygiene (London), 1 (1901), pp. 45–77.
9 C. B. Philip and L. E. Rozeboom, ‘Medico-veterinary Entomology: a Generation of Progress’, in History of Entomology, ed. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler and C. N. Smith (Palo Alto, CA, 1973), p. 335.
10 Boyce, Mosquito or Man?, pp. 3, 11.
11 Ibid., pp. 4, 31.
12 A. Moore Hogarth, British Mosquitoes and How to Eliminate Them (London, 1928), p. 20.
13 Ibid., p. 46
14 M. Bock, ‘Disease and Medicine’, in Joseph Conrad in Context, ed. H. Simmons (Cambridge, 2009), pp. 124–31.
15 K. R. Snow, Mosquitoes, Naturalists’ Handbooks 14 (Slough, 1990).
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4 M. Farr, Tintin: The Complete Companion (London, 2001).
5 J.L.A. Webb, Jr, Humanity’s Burden: A Global History of Malaria (New York, 2009), p. 93.
6 A. W. Haggis, ‘Fundamental Errors in the History of Cinchona’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, X (1941), pp. 568–87.
7 F. Rocco, The Miraculous Fever Tree: The Cure that Changed the World (London, 2003).
8 Webb, Humanity’s Burden, pp. 92–126.
9 M. Leaf, This is Ann: She’s Dying to Meet You (Washington, DC, 1943).
10 This dextrous and chemically uplifting limerick by Dr D. D. Perrin of Deakin University, Western Australia, is widely credited on the internet, but a definitive first publication date and location could not be found.
1 C. B. Philip and L. E. Rozeboom, ‘Medico-veterinary Entomology: a Generation of Progress’, in History of Entomology, ed. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler and C. N. Smith (Palo Alto, CA, 1973), p. 356.
2 R. Carson, Silent Spring (Boston, MA, 1962), ch. 1.
3 A. S. Cooke, ‘Shell Thinning in Avian Eggs by Environmental Pollutants’, Environmental Pollution, IV (1973), pp. 85–152.
4 L. Lear, ‘Afterword’, in R. Carson, Silent Spring (London, 1998; rep. 1999).
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2 M. Bowman, de Havilland Mosquito, Crowood Aviation Series (Marlborough, 2005).
3 www.malariastamps.com, accessed 1 November 2011.
4 Ibid.
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4 G. S. Crockett and K. Simpson, ‘Malaria in Neighbouring Londoners’, British Medical Journal, II (1953), pp. 1,141–2.
5 W.H.S. Jones, Malaria: a Neglected Factor in the History of Greece and Rome (Cambridge, 1907).
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7 F. M. Snowden, The Conquest of Malaria: Italy, 1900–1962 (New Haven, CT, 2006), pp. 181–97.
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9 P. Reiter, ‘From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age’, Emerging Infectious Diseases, VI (2000), pp. 1–11.
10 M. J. Dobson, ‘History of Malaria in England’, Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, LXXXII, suppl. no. 17 (1989), pp. 3–7.
11 M. Humphreys, ‘Kicking a Dying Dog: DDT and the Demise of Malaria in the American South, 1942–1950’, Isis, LXXXVII (1996), pp. 1–17.
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13 W. A. Hawley et al., ‘Aedes albopictus in North America: Probable Introduction in Used Tires from Northern Asia’, Science, CCXXXVI (1987), pp. 1,114–16.
14 P. Gérardin et al., ‘Estimating Chikungunya Prevalence in La Réunion Island Outbreak by Serosurveys: Two Methods for Two Critical Times of the Epidemic’, BMC Infectious Diseases, VIII (2008), p. 99.
15 A. M. Dondorp et al., ‘Fake Antimalarials in Southeast Asia are a Major Impediment to Malaria Control: Multinational Cross-sectional Survey on the Prevalence of Fake Antimalarials’, Tropical Medicine and International Health, IX (2004), pp. 1,241–6.
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