Page numbers in italics indicate illustrations.
Abadessa, 204
abrosynē, 40
Abydos, 9
Acheron, 191
Actaeon, 113
Actium, 265
“Actian” Apollo, 266
adyton, 8
Aeacus, 197
Aeneid 6. See Clark, 190–203
in The Frogs, 197
agathē elpis, 5
Agave, 113
Agnone Tablet, 267–271
Agrai, mysteries of, 6
alabastra, 39
Amasis Painter, 64–68
Ambarvalia, 256
Amor and Psyche, 277–289
Amor and Psyche relief, 277, 278, 294. See Martin, 277–289
amphorae, Melian, 62
Anacreontic vases, 39
androgyny, 40–41
Annia Appia Regilla, 168, 172, 179–180
anodos, 211
Antoninus Pius, 293
Hermanubis, 220, 221, 222, 225, 246
“Anadyomene,” 220
Venus, 245
Apis, 9
Apollo, 266
Apollo and Artemis, 263
Apuleius: and cult of Isis in Metamorphoses, 8, 23, 217–220
date of Metamorphoses, 219
and Ostia, 281
Metamorphoses ’ Lucius, 217, 218, 232n26
Apulia, 38
Apulian pottery, 96, 97, 110, 111, 113
from Armento, 118
from Ruvom, 99 Argos, 220, 221, 224
Aricia, battle of (504 BCE), 37
Aristaeus, 260
Aristocles, 206
Aristodemus “Malakos”, 37–41
Aristophanes’ Thesmophoriazousai, 140, 145
Aristotle, on beans, 135
Arrhetophoria, 147
Arval Brethren, 165
askēsis (ascetism), 50
Asterioi, 83
Athena, birth of, 61
Athens, 68
Attabokaoi, 8
initiation into Eleusinian mysteries, 254
Aula Isiaca, 219
aulos, 39
coin of, 238
Avernus, Gate of Dis, 198
Bacchanalia affair, senatus consultum (186 BCE), 38–40
Bacchanals, 38
Baiae, Venus Lucrina sanctuary, 245
banquets: of Mithras and Helios, 291
Fiano Romano relief, 295
Skt. Mathäus cemetery, 295
barbiton, 39
Bauli, 34
beans, and Hades, 134
Bentham, Jeremy, 136
Biae, 34
Big Dipper, 319
Boeotia, ritual vessels of, 62
Bona Dea, 166
Bononiae Papyrus, 107
Bougonia, 263–264
Brimo, 111
Caffarella/Pagus Triopius, 162, 164, 169
Callatiae and Darius, 132–133
Callisto, 319
Campania (ager campanus ), 24. See Casadio, 33–45, 49
Capreae, 34
Capri, 238
Capua, S. Maria Capua Vetere, 68. See also Mithraeum at Capua
Capua Amphitheater, 306. See Gordon, 290–313
Martin, 277–289
Cautes, 291
Cave of the Nymphs, 205–206
Porphyry commentary on, 207
votives of, 207
Cecilia Metella, tomb of, 166, 167
Centaurs, 191
Centre Berard of Naples, 235, 248
Cerberus, 77, 81, 87n16, 97, 118, 191
Cerealia, 255
Ceres, 163, 164, 165, 253, 254, 255, 257
certamen Liberi patris cum Cerere, 35
Chariot of the Sun, 307
Christian martyrdom, 306, 308–310
Chrysippus, 131
cista mystica, 229
Cleopatra, 265
Cocytus, 198
Commodus, 6
consecranei, 11
Corax, 131
Court of Queen’s Bench, London, 131
Cretan Zeus, 134
Crete, 252
Croesus, fall of, 88n19
Hera in Croton, 142
cryptoportici, 292
Cult of Magna Mater, 290
of Isis, 290
Cumae, 33
Aegyptiaca from, 235
Aeneas at, 134
battle of (524 BCE), 37
founding of, 35
Licola (location of original harbor), 235
Samnite invasion of, 36
Cybele/Mētēr /Magna Mater, 252
and Sabazius, 70
Cyrene, Sacred Laws from, 207
daimones, winged, 214
Damascius, 48, 57n46, 58n52, 133
Danaids, 120
deiknumena, 5
Delos, 9
Delphi, 213
Demeter, 6, 8, 12–16. See Lucchese, 161–189, and Sfameni Gasparro, 139–160
Demetra Prostasia, 151
Demeter Thesmophoros, 140–142
Dendara, Great Temple of, 319
Derveni papyrus 47, 56n34, 57n39, 100, 102
Dikē, 205
dinos (dinoi), 62–63
Etruscan, 62
of Sophilos, 63
Diocletian, 10
Dionysus/Bacchus, 1, 7, 15–17, 20–21, 33, 34, 40, 52, 73, 192–197, 205, 212, 214, 251
Dionysus/Bacchus/Liber, 253
Egyptian origins, 254
“Eubuleus”, 111
in the Homeric world, 112
iconography, 61–72
“Liber-Pater”, 34
and Orphic cults in Locri, 212
teletai of, 214
“Zagreus”, 52
Dionysus/Triptolemos, 165
Dionysus of Halicarnassus, 38
Dis/Pluto, 256
Domitian, 219
dying and rising gods, 11
Edict of Constantine (313 CE), 246
of Theodosius (392 CE), 246
Egeria, 179
Egypt: as gens fortunata, 267
source of rebirth doctrine, 133, 134
in Vergil’s Georgics, 260–267
Egyptomania, in age of Augustus, 219
Ekklesiasterion at Pompeii. See Brenk, 217–227
Elea (Castellamare di Velia), 280
Eleusinian Mysteries, 5, 6, 7, 77, 80, 254–257
and Herakles, 260, 263–265. See Clark, 190–203
Eleusis, 3, 6, 18–49, 172, 191, 251, 256
Elpenor, 86n15
Elysian Fields, 90n28
Epizephyrian Locri, 204
epoptēs, 6
Eros figures, 40
Etruscans, 70
Euripides, in The Frogs, 197
Eurydice, as dona Ditis, 256, 260
evoe saboi, 47
exēgēsis, 5
eye-cups, 66
eye motif, 68
Faustina the Elder, as Ceres, 172
Faustina the Younger, as Libera, 172
Fellini, Satyricon (1969), 132
Firmicius Maternus, 5
Flegrean (Phlegraean) Fields, 33
Fons Egeriae, 179
fortuna, 9
fratres, 11
Gallienus, 6
Gallus, Cornelius, laudes Galli, 260, 267
Ganymede, 121
Giton, 131
Gorgias, 133
Gorgons, 190–191, 193, 194, 195, 196, 198
Grotta Caruso. See MacLachlan, 204–216
Hades: dual Hades, 101
entrance in Taenarum in Laconia, 191
as “Eucles”, 111
Hades-Pluton, 151
Plouton, 74
“terrors of Hades”, 102. See Bernabé, 95–130
Hadrian, 6
Harpokrates/Horus, 9, 220, 221, 222, 241, 246, 247
Hekate, 97, 99, 115, 191, 194, 195
Hellenistic monarchs, 39
Hephaestus, 61–72
Hera/Juno, 220
Herakles, 77, 81, 87nn14–16, 91n30, 113, 260
and cattle, 263–265
descent of, 191–199, 200nn8–10
Eleusinian Herakles, 22–23, 191, 262–267
and Hylas, 263
Herodes Atticus, 162–184
Herodotus, 36, 47, 51–52, 260, 264
Hesiodic golden race, 79, 90n26, 92n32
heurēsis, 9
hieros logos, 5
Hipponion, 212
lamellae of 47, 51–53. See Bernabé, 98, 111
Homeric Hymn to Demeter, 194, 204, 256
Horus, sons of, 320
Hydra, 263
Iasos, sanctuary of, 159n38
Ibis, 225
Ichonarum Phobia, 247
imago inferorum, 106. See Bernabé, 95–130
inscriptions: from Cumae, 35–38, 47, 50–51, 51n60, 53
from Hipponion, 37
from Petelia, 37
from Thurii, 37
inventio, 9
Io (Inachiae ), 258–260
of C. Licinius Calvus, 259–260
Euboean, 259
Iobacchoi, 7
Isaeum (Temple of Isis): Campense (on Campus Martius), 218, 219
at Cumae, 235–250
at Philae, 222
as a private sacellum, 248
Isaeum at Pompeii, 29n50, 217, 218
architectural styles, 219
frescoes
from, 219
of Isis and Osiris, 220
tryptychs in “Ekklesiasterion”, 220
Isis, 1, 3, 8, 9, 10, 13, 217, 220, 221, 225, 251
at Cumae, 235–250
and Demeter/Ceres, 260–262
as goddess of death (with ankh ), 241–244
with Harpokrates, 220
with Hermanubis, 220
Iseia, 9
and mysteries of Osiris, 256–258
Navigium Isidis, 9
with Nephthys, 220
at Pompeii, 23. See Brenk, 217–235
Job, Testament of, 310
judges of the underworld, 113, 116
Julio-Claudians, 219
Julius Caesar, 165
Juno, 163
Jupiter-Juno-Minerva triad, 165
Justice/Dike, in Orphism, 99, 108, 115
Kalligeneia, 150
katabasis, 193, 194, 198, 199, 201n15, 211, 212
katharoi, 83
kistai, 166
kistophora, 166
kithara, 39
Knossos, 166
Kore (deity). See Persephone/Kore Kronos, 252
lamellae, 26n36, 47, 52–53, 68, 73–94, 96. See also Orphic gold tablets
legifera, 161
legomena, 5
Leontocephales, 281
Lerna, 38
Lethe, 97
Leukothea, 12
Liber: certamen Liberi patris cum Cerere, 35
Livia, 165
pinakes, 96 114. See Bernabé, 118–130,
and MacsLachlan, 204–216
locus amoenus, 97, 101, 109, 111, 124–125
Lucania, 40
Lucian’s Dialogues of the Courtesans, 145
Lucretius, 133
Lucretius Rufus, M., 219
Lycurgus and Oedipus, 68
Maenads, 212
Manetho, 9
Persephone in Mannella at Locri, 142
Marcus Antonius/Mark Antony, 39, 219, 265
Matera crater, 114
megarizein (to throw piglets into megara ), 145
Menander, portrait of in Sicilian
Lipari, 212
Metamorphoses. See Apuleius Metapontum, 33
Methone tablet, 84n4
Mithraeum at Dura-Europos, 10
Mithraeum at Capua, 24
Luna fresco 293. See Gordon, 290–313
and Martin, 277–289
Mithraeum at Ostia (Seven Spheres), 281
Aldobrandini, 295
Mithraeum at Santa Prisca, 280–281, 291
Caesarina Maritima, 292
Mithraic community, 285
Greek influence upon, 280, 282
“Romanness” of, 285
Mithraic funerary iconography, absence of, 291
Mithraic initiation rites, 283–287, 288n10, 290–313
female initiates, 288n4
maleness and, 307
Mithraic makrothyíma, 308–310
Mithraic tauroctony. See Palmer, 314–323
and Egyptian Ennead, 317
and Egyptian mythology, 317
Mithraist images, 291
Cautes and Cautopates, 291
degrees of initiation in, 11
role of fire in, 309
scorpions in, 309
Mitra/Mithra, 10
Mithras Kosmophoros/Mithras-Atlas, 303
Mithras Liturgy, 288n6
Mithras Tauroctonus, 10
as name of priest of Isis, 281
and Sarapis, 317
Mithrasliturgie from Roman Egypt, 317–323
Morgantina, 215n9
Muhammad in the Koran, 40
Mummy cases, Greco-Roman, 219
Musonius Rufus, 307
μύσται and βάκχοι,52
mystic cults/mystery cults, 11
definition, 2
mythos, 5
naophorus found at Baiae, 245
Neoplatonism, 279
Nero, 219
Nessus, 263
Nichomachi, 248
Nike, representations of, 314–315
Dodekaschoinos, 222
and Isis-worship, 223
Nile water, 217
Nubia, 222
nymphē, 205
chthonic elements, 212
nymphai (nymphs of the cave), 209, 210
obelisks, 219
Olbia, 118
Olympiodorus, 50n55
Onomacritus, 68
opus latericium, 238
opus reticulatum, 237
orpheotelestai, 82
Orpheus, 7, 77, 96, 99, 112, 254, 260
and Demeter, 261
dismembered, 272n35
and Horus, 272n35
in Vergil, 198
Orphic gold tablets, 5. See
Edmonds, 73–94; see also Thurii Orphic imagery. See Bernabé, 95–130
Orphic rites, Egyptian origin of, 101–103
orphikos bios, 82
beliefs of, 7, 96. See Jiménez, 46–60,
and Edmonds, 73–94
Oscans, 34
Osiris, 9, 10, 12–17, 217, 218, 220, 222, 225, 226
Osiris/Dionysus, 220
tomb of, on Bigga, 222, 226, 227, 229, 233n42
Pagus Triopius (Triopium ), 168–169
Palestrina, Nile mosaic at, 228, 229
Pan and Nymphs, cults of, 211, 212, 214
Parmenides, and Eleatic tradition, 279, 280
Pater, 286
Patroklos, 77
Pausilypon, 246
“Temple” at, 237
Peleus, marriage of, 61–74
Pelinna gold leaf, 122
Pella tablets, 84n4
Pelops, 272n35
and Hippodamea, 263
Pentheus and Auge, 68
Persephone/Kore, 1, 5, 12, 53, 73–74, 76, 77, 79, 80, 86n12, 97, 113, 115, 140, 151, 204, 205, 214, 251, 256
as dona Ditis, 256
feminine daimōn of, 205. See also Proserpina
Persephoneion at Locri. See MacLachlan, 204–216
Petelia, 89n25
Pherai, gold leaf from, 98
Pherecrates, 123
Pherecydes, 133
Philai (Abaton), Temple of Isis at, 222, 228, 229
Phlegraean (Flegraean) Fields, 246
Ploiaphesia, 9
Plouton, 74. See also Hades Polites, 213–214
Polygnotus, 196
polytheism, 41n2
pomegranate seeds, 135
earthquake in 62 CE, 218
Pompeius, Sextus, 295
Ponza, 238
Poppaea Sabina, 219
Poseidonia-Paestum, Hera in, 142
Pozzuoli, 246
Propp, morphemes of, 76
pro salute imperatorum, 8
Proserpina, 135, 256, 261, 268, 271, 273n47. See also Persephone
Psyche, 277–280
psychē, 7
Psychopompus, 246
Ptolemy I, 9
Pulcinello, 33
Pythagoras, 7
Pythagorean Book of the Dead, 74
Pythagorean diet. See Griffith, 131–136
Ramesses VI, 320
reincarnation vs. resurrection, 135
Rhegium, 33
Rome, 217
Sabazius and Cybele, 70
Sacrarium at Pompeii. See Brenk, 217–234
Sacred Grove of Demeter, 178–179
Samothracian mysteries, 7
San Nicola di Albanella, 142, 143, 144
Sarapeion/Sarapeium (Temple of Sarapis): at Alexandria, 219, 247
at Cumae, 241
at Memphis, 223
on Quirinal, 218
Satyricon (1969), 132
Semele, 66–68, 67
cave of, 244
Sileni, 214
Sinis-Heraclea, 33
Sirens, 205
Sisyphus, 120
Skyles (Scythian King), 38, 51–52
Smith, J. B., 41n1
Socrates, 133
Sol Invictus, 10
sol, solis, 9
Sophilos, 63
Spartacus, 306
spelunca, 5
Sphinx statue at Cumae, 239, 245
Sybaris-Thurii, 33
Symmachus Eusebius, Q. Aurelius (cos. 391), 248
synchesis, definition of, 161
See Lucchese, 161–189
syncretism, 277
Syracuse, 134
tabulae pictae tradition, 297–298
Tantalus, 90n26
tarantella, 33
Tarentum, 33
Tarquinius Superbus, 37
tauroctony, depicted on yellow jasper gem, 281. See Palmer, 314–333
Temesa, 213–214
terra laboris, 35
théâtre de terreur, 306
Theseus and Perithoos, 113, 197, 198
Thesmophoria/Thesmophorion. See Lucchese, 161–189
and Sfameni Gasparro, 139–160
Thetis and Peleus, wedding of. See Isler-Kerenyi, 61–72
thiasos, 7
Thurii, 33, 37, 77–80, 98, 100, 111
lamellae from, 52
and 60n84. See also Orphic gold tablets Thymbraeus, 266–267
thyrsus, thyrsoi, 47, 212. See also
βακχεύειν
Tiberius, 252
Timotheus, 9
and Bacchus, 47–48
Trimalchio, 131
Triptolemus, 254
Trophonius oracle, 89n25
Tryphē, 39
Tuffatore, tomb of, 111
Typhon, 78
Urbano, S., 172–181
Ursa Major (constellation), 318
and Thigh (Foreleg) of Seth, 320–322
Verus, L., 293
Vespasian, 219
Vesuvius, 33–35
eruption of, 218
Via Appia Pignatelli, 162
Victory/Nike, 99
Villa Farnesina, 219
Villa Giulia painter, 69
Vulci: amphora from, 57n44, 68, 70
red-figured spina from, 97
Xanthias, 193–197
Xenophanes of Colophon, 12
Zeno, 131
Zeus, 99, 101, Zeus-Eubuleus, 151, 159–160n38
ἀτνλεστοι, 106
βακχεύειν, 46–60
βάκχη, 52–53
bacchae vs. maenads, 53
βάκχος (bacchos, bacchus ), βάκχοι, 47, 98
γρῖφος, 133
δρώμενα, 194
ἐπῳδή, 47
λεγόμενα, 107
μύστης (initiate), μύσται, 52; 59n71, 98, 123–124
ναρθηκοφόροι, 48–49
ὄλβιος, ὄλβιοι, 100
fortunatus, 267
Ὀρφικὸς βίος, 50–51
ορώμενα, 107
πολλοὶ μνν . . . δν τε παῦροι, 50
σύμβολα, 98
σῶμα σῆμα, 133
τάφοι, 133
τελετή, 52–53, 80, 100, 102, 106, 107
τνλος, 107