NOTES

For complete publication data on all works cited, see Bibliography. “Stoker” in notes refers to Bram Stoker only.

Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.

Abbreviations
BEL	Barbara Belford, Bram Stoker: A Biography of the Author of “Dracula”
BLDM	British Library Department of Manuscripts
DEM	Dublin Evening Mail (National Library of Ireland microform)
DOR	Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray: A Norton Critical Edition, ed. Gillespie
DRA	Bram Stoker, Dracula: A Norton Critical Edition, ed. Auerbach and Skal
ELL	Richard Ellman, Oscar Wilde
FAR	Daniel Farson, The Man Who Wrote “Dracula”
GUE	Bram Stoker, “Dracula’s Guest” and Other Weird Stories, ed. Hebblethwaite
HAR	Frank Harris, Oscar Wilde
IRV	Laurence Irving, Henry Irving: The Actor and His World
LET	Oscar Wilde, Complete Letters
LUD	Harry Ludlam, A Biography of Dracula: The Life Story of Bram Stoker
LWW	Bram Stoker, The Lair of the White Worm, ed. Hebbelthwaite
MUR	Paul Murray, From the Shadow of Dracula
REM-1	Bram Stoker, Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving, vol. 1
REM-2	Bram Stoker, Personal Reminiscences of Henry Irving, vol. 2
SFP	Stoker Family Papers
SHA	The Norton Shakespeare, ed. Greenblatt, Cohen, Howard, and Maus
SHE	Robert Harborough Sherard, The Life of Oscar Wilde
TCD	Trinity College Dublin Department of Manuscripts
WHI	Walt Whitman, The Complete Poems, ed. Francis Murphy
WIL	Oscar Wilde, Complete Works

Introduction: Bram Stoker, the Final Curtain?

xiii “What manner of man is this?”: DRA, p. 39.

1. The Child That Went with the Fairies

“Monster! Give me my child”: DRA, p. 48.

“In my babyhood”: REM-1, p. 31.

“long illnesses”: Noel Stoker, “BRAM STOKER by His Son, Noel Thornley Stoker,” undated typewritten manuscript circa November 8, 1947. SFP, TCD.

“I have attended funerals”: Richard Ardille (letter), “Prevention of Diseases in Dublin,” DEM, October 8, 1847.

“In Ballinrobe”: Quoted in Toíbín and Ferriter, Irish Famine, pp. 40–41.

“amid cushions on the grass”: REM-1 (holograph manuscript, ca. 1905–6). Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC. Deleted passage from chap. 2.

completely landfilled: A thoroughly fascinating account of Dublin’s nineteenth-century expansion and growing pains can be found in Barry’s lavishly illustrated Victorian Dublin Revealed. For an account of the Clontarf waterfront, see p. 70.

“blood-letting is a remedy”: Clutterbuck, “Lectures on Bloodletting,” p. 9.

siphoning vacuum: An ingenious, Dracula-like use of this device figures in the plot resolution of Tod Browning’s 1935 film Mark of the Vampire.

“a filthy leech”: DRA, p. 53.

“a mingled repulsion”: Foster, Paddy and Mr. Punch, p. 220.

“In the days of my early youth”: Mrs. C. M. B. (Thornley) Stoker, “Experience of the Cholera in Ireland” (typewritten manuscript, May 6, 1873; Caen, France), p. 1. TCD.

“ ‘It was in Ireland’ ”: Ibid., p. 2.

“They dug a pit”: Ibid.

“One house would be”: Ibid.

“no one moved a yard”: Ibid., p. 8.

Irish whiskey: Quinn, Father Mathew’s Crusade, p. 45.

“The nurses died”: “Experience of the Cholera,” p. 3.

“burn the cholera people”: Ibid., p. 11.

“on one of the last”: FAR, p. 15.

“A man, his face yellow”: Don Houghton, unproduced screenplay treatment for Victim of His Imagination (January 1972), p. 28. Manuscript courtesy of Wayne Kinsey.

“the final terrible”: Ibid., p. 29.

“this scourge of mankind”: DEM, November 6, 1847.

“The fever spreads”: Gerald Keegan, “The Summer of Sorrow,” in Sellar, Gleaner Tales, pp. 341–458.

“We defer it, my dear”: Sterne, Tristram Shandy, pp. 362–63.

“a neurotic woman”: Melville, Mother of Oscar, p. 79.

“for of course, the fairies”: Wilson, Victorian Doctor, p. 324.

“a certain resentment”: Stoker, The Man, p.17.

“a handsome, strong minded woman”: Leatherdale, Dracula: The Novel and the Legend, p. 57.

“was not a fanciful”: FAR, p. 13.

“didn’t care a tuppence”: MUR, p. 14.

“matrimonial speculation”: Charlotte M. B. Stoker, “On Female Emigration from Workhouses” (printer’s proof of pamphlet; Dublin, 1864), p. 9. TCD.

“is a perfect blank”: Charlotte M. B. Stoker, “On the Necessity of a State Provision . . . ,” Journal of the Statistical and Social Inquiry Society of Ireland (December 1863), p. 456.SFP, TCD.

“no idea of a God”: Ibid.

“They are to be found”: Yeats, Fairy and Folk Tales of Ireland, p. 7.

“mythopoetic faculty”: Lady Wilde, Legends, Charms, p. 7.

“They were yet young”: Cruikshank, Fairy-Book, pp. 211–12. In this reprint compilation of his famous temperance-tract revisions of classic fairy tales (The Cruikshank Fairy Library, 1853–54), the writer and caricaturist follows his own sanitized version of Perrault with an afterword to parents, and takes Charles Dickens to task for championing the stories in their original, unexpurgated form: “I would like to ask if this peculiarity of the young Ogres—‘Biting little children on purpose to suck their blood,’ is any part of the ‘many such good things’ to ‘have been first nourished in a child’s heart.’ ”

“Oh! yes, my dears”: Hoffman, Struwwelpeter, p. 62.

From 1855 to 1864: Levey and O’Rorke, Annals, pp. 69–71.

“Going to its first pantomime”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal—The Pantomime. Juvenile Nights” (unsigned review of Fee Faw Fum), DEM, January 10, 1872.

“strange effects upon my imagination”: Graves, To Return to All That, p. 13.

“I was an imaginative”: Ibid., p. 11.

“ ‘Are we to have nothing’ ”: DRA, p. 43.

“geographic insularity”: Jones, Essays, p. 401.

commercial laudanum preparations: Wohl, Endangered Lives, pp. 34–35.

infanticidal “baby farms”: See Jordan, Victorian Childhood, pp. 90–92 for a detailed discussion.

“I was stared at”: De Quincey, Confessions, pp. 118–19.

“shrank up into little old men”: Ibid.

Le Fanu’s wistful story: Le Fanu, “The Child That Went with the Fairies,” in Bannatyne, A Halloween Reader, pp. 105–12.

2. Mesmeric Influences

“He wanted to meet”: Joyce, Portrait of the Artist, p. 65.

daunting entrance examination: All information on Trinity College’s entrance requirements, regulations, and courses of study at the time of Bram Stoker’s matriculation is drawn from Dublin University Calendar for the Year 1865. TCD.

only teacher: On October 12, 1871, at the age of twenty-three, Stoker made an employment application to the census office, writing of his primary education, “Was at only one school. Reverend Woods’ now in 15 Rutland Square E. Dublin.” SFP, TCD.

“already a bit of a scribbler”: LUD, p. 13.

“Rules for Domestic Happiness”: Undated manuscript by Charlotte Stoker, reprinted in Stoker, Four Romances, pp. 37–39.

“He is one and several”: Simon, Victor Cousin, p. 49.

“Sensualism was the reigning doctrine”: Cousin, Elements of Psychology, p. 66.

literary sensationalism: See Daly, Sensation and Modernity, for an extended discussion.

“He lay like a corse”: Liddell, “Wizard” . . . and Other Poems, p. 46.

defensive introductory note: Le Fanu, Uncle Silas, “A Preliminary Word,” pp. 3–4.

would specifically recommend the book: Undated correspondence circa 1960 from Noel Stoker to Harry Ludlam regarding Ludlam’s then book-in-progress, A Biography of Dracula. TCD.

“a face like marble”: Le Fanu, Uncle Silas, pp. 200, 205.

“At an early age”: Le Fanu, Seventy Years of Irish Life, p. 2.

“I have made a lady”: Ibid., p. 282.

“As I rapidly made the mesmeric passes”: Poe, Essays and Reviews, p. 842.

“MAGIC PHANTASMAGORIA”: DEM, advertisement, January 17, 1874.

“At school I was”: Stoker, Mystery of the Sea, p. 8.

“my big body and athletic power”: Ibid.

“That the Novels of the Nineteenth Century”: Trinity College Historical Society, “Debates for the Season 1871–72.” TCD.

“an autodidaktos”: Stanford and McDowell, Mahaffy, p. 113.

“A most distinguished Dublin ‘grinder’ ”: Cullinan, “Trinity College, Dublin,” p. 437.

“I represented in my own person”: REM-1, p. 32.

“He was an excellent”: “Society in Dublin,” unsourced, undated newspaper column, Percy Fitzgerald Scrapbooks, Garrick Club, London, quoted in MUR, p. 52.

holiday offerings at the Theatre Royal: “List of Pantomimes from 1820,” in Levey and O’Rorke, Annals, pp. 69–71.

“What I saw, to my amazement”: REM-1, p. 3.

“could only be possible”: Ibid., p. 4.

“I say without any hesitation”: Hall Caine, “Bram Stoker: The Story of a Great Friendship,” Daily Telegraph, April 24, 1912.

“Are you going to keep making”: IRV, p. 200.

“There was not a word”: REM-1, p. 11.

“Two Roses has created”: IRV, p. 177.

“Dublin’s Invisible Prince”: So called by Alfred Perceval Graves, “A Memoir of Sheridan Le Fanu,” in Showers et al., Reflections, p. 24.

“When the floodgates of Comment are opened”: REM-1, p. 11.

“From my beginning the work”: REM-1, p. 13.

“In a spectacular sense”: Stoker, unsigned review of Amy Robsart, DEM, November 22, 1871.

“The story may be engaging”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal—The Pantomime—Scenery” (unsigned review of Fee Faw Fum), DEM, January 2, 1872.

“To look at the legions of sparkling eyes”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal—The Pantomime. Juvenile Nights” (unsigned review of Fee Faw Fum), DEM, January 10, 1872.

single 1882 letter: To Mrs. Billington from Eliza Sarah Stoker, London, concerning her acting career, illness, and financial circumstances. SFP, TCD, Ms. 11076/15/15. In MUR, addressee is given as “Mr. Billington.” Either way, the surname is indeed used by Stoker in Dracula.

Eliza Sarah Stoker’s difficult life: MUR, p. 57.

“Old maids are great at pantomimes”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal—The Pantomime. Juvenile Nights” (unsigned review of Fee Faw Fum), DEM, January 10, 1872.

“One sad drawback”: Stoker, “Gaiety Theatre—Italian Operas” (unsigned review of Gounod’s Faust), DEM, September 1, 1873.

“Sometimes after an hour of apathy”: Le Fanu, In a Glass Darkly, p. 264.

“may be thankful to be spared”: Review of Carmilla quoted in Showers et al., Reflections, pp. 249–50.

“I can never forget his livid face”: Quoted in Fawkes, Dion Boucicault, p. 74.

“a ballet of great cleverness”: Stoker, review of The Vampire (comic ballet), DEM, December 27, 1872.

accused him of rape: See Melville, Mother of Oscar, pp. 95–116, for one of the most detailed accounts of the accusation and trial.

“had a family in every farmhouse”: G. B. Shaw, “My Memories of Oscar Wilde,” HAR, p. 330.

they died horribly: See Melville, Mother of Oscar, pp. 128–29.

“Why are Sir William’s fingernails black?” I have been unable to find a definitive version of this quote; mine is its own variant of endless slight variations given in ELL, HAR, and many other biographies.

“a society for the suppression of Virtue”: Quoted in Friedman, Wilde in America, p. 24.

“Portraits of her husband, sons”: Schenkar, Truly Wilde, p. 55.

“a walking family mausoleum”: Melville, Mother of Oscar, p. 124.

“She must have had two crinolines”: Schenkar, Truly Wilde, p. 55.

“too thick for any ordinary light”: HAR, p. 17.

“hide the decline of her beauty”: Julian, Oscar Wilde, p. 32.

“Her clinging to youth”: SHE, p. 73.

“You know there is a disease”: G. B. Shaw, “My Memories of Oscar Wilde,” HAR, p. 334.

ape-slur “pithecoid”: HAR, p. 17.

“he did not say ‘goodbye’ ”: Ibid., p. 21.

dismissed as “barbarian”: Ibid., p. 27.

“I’ll prove it to you”: O’Sullivan, Aspects of Wilde, pp. 171–72.

“I once knew a little boy”: Stoker, Lost Journal, p. 66.

3. Songs of Calamus, Songs of Sappho

“Let shadows be furnished with genitals!”: WHI, 606. This poem, which appeared in the original 1856 edition of Leaves of Grass but was omitted from later editions, is included in the Complete Poems under the title “Respondez!”

Dublin relocations: MUR; see chapters 2 and 4. Three previous biographers took it for granted that the Stokers remained in Clontarf for most of Bram’s life in Dublin, and mistakenly assumed that Florence Balcombe was a childhood acquaintance. Murray was the first to document the family’s frequent moves.

“And if the body does not”: WHI, p. 128.

“nothing in common”: Anonymous, “The Poetry of the Future,” Temple Bar 27 (October 1869), p. 327.

“For days we all talked”: REM-2, p. 94.

“The bitter-minded critics of the time”: Ibid., p. 93.

“unfortunately, there were passages”: Ibid.

“A mass of stupid filth”: Rufus W. Griswold, untitled review, Criterion, November 10, 1855, p. 24.

“I mind how once we lay”: WHI, p. 67.

“From these excerpts”: REM-2, p. 94.

“These yearnings why are they?”: WHI, p. 183.

“For an athlete is enamored of me”: Ibid., p. 164.

term and concept of “heterosexuality”: See Blank, Straight, for an especially good discussion.

“Little by little we got recruits”: REM-2, p. 95.

“recalls the features which Vandyke”: Hinkson, Student Life, p. 42.

“If there be any class of subjects”: “The Poetry of Democracy: Walt Whitman,” in Dowden, Studies in Literature, p. 502.

“Dowden was a married man”: REM-2, p. 98.

“If you are the man”: The complete texts of Stoker’s 1871 and 1875 letters, with Whitman’s commentary, appear in Traubel, With Walt Whitman, vol. 4, pp. 151–54.

“Will men ever believe”: Stoker, Lost Journal, p. 134.

“I felt as tho’ ”: Ibid., p. 143.

pioneering German activists: For a comprehensive overview of German activism, see Beachy, Gay Berlin, especially chapter 1, “The German Invention of Homosexuality,” and chapter 3, “The First Homosexual Rights Movement and the Struggle to Shape Society.”

“The universe of intimate friendship”: Katz, Love Letters, p. 6.

Victorian euphemisms: See Robb, Strangers, especially pp. 149–50.

“Sad and plaintive is the song”: Stoker, “The Crystal Cup,” Shades of Dracula, p. 27.

“And then the brush was given”: Poe, Essays and Reviews, pp. 483–44.

“Oratory is not in itself a sufficient object”: Stoker, “The Necessity for Political Honesty,” in A Glimpse of America, p. 33.

“He could at best move”: REM-2, p. 99.

“has evinced a strong partiality”: Stoker, unsigned review of Kissi-Kissi, DEM, December 1, 1873.

“So ends my dream”: Stoker, Lost Journal, pp. 29–30.

“a frightful monster”: Stoker (unsigned column), Irish Echo, November 25, 1873.

“worked up one of those sensational sermons”: Stoker, “Exciting Scene in St. James Church” (unsigned column), Irish Echo, November 7, 1873.

another mordantly funny item: Stoker, “Pinching an Actress” (unsigned column), Irish Echo, December 11, 1873.

“Do any of you believe in ghosts?”: Stoker, “Saved by a Ghost” (unsigned short story), Irish Echo, December 26, 1873; reprinted in The Green Book: Writings on Irish Gothic, Supernatural and Fantastic Literature (Autumn 2015), pp. 3–13.

“A sad tale’s best for winter”: SHA, Winter’s Tale, act 2, scene 1, line 27, p. 2905.

“that speak of spirits and ghosts”: Marlowe, Jew of Malta, act 2, scene 1, p. 23.

“whenever five or six English-speaking people”: Jerome, Told after Supper, pp. 15–16.

“little short of perfection”: Stoker, unsigned review of La Sonnambula, DEM, September 3, 1878.

“mystic yet picturesque”: Stoker, unsigned review of Roberto il diavolo. DEM, October 9, 1877.

“the end seat O.P.”: REM-2, p. 167.

“cordial and appreciative”: Stoker, unsigned review of Lucrezia Borgia, DEM, November 18, 1873.

“Mem. will be a great actress”: REM-2, p. 169.

“It is a daring thing”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal. Miss Genevieve Ward. Medea” (unsigned review), Irish Echo, November 25, 1873.

“From first to last”: Ibid.

“And then there began a close friendship”: REM-2, p. 169.

“not human”: Gustavson, Genevieve Ward, p. 12.

“had all the vices of a full grown man”: Ibid., p. 69.

“personal power with both men and women”: Ibid.

“is entirely a matter of chance”: Austen, Pride and Prejudice, p. 21.

“I consider it a funeral”: Gustavson, Genevieve Ward, p. 66.

“None but genius of the highest class”: Stoker, unsigned review of Medea, DEM, undated, quoted in Gustavson, Genevieve Ward, pp. 124–25.

“She was a grand woman”: Ward and Whiteing, Both Sides of the Curtain, p. 104.

“strange similarity”: Ibid., p. 77.

“bottled orations” . . . “to come”: Ibid, p. 274.

“He died last night”: Stoker, “The Burial of the Rats,” GUE, p. 117.

“Other cities resemble all the birds”: ibid., P. 94.

Stoker wrote to his father: Mur, p. 58.

he jotted a note Stoker, Lost Journal, p. 66.

“hardened to rejection”: Stoker, Primrose Path, “Series Editor’s Note,” p. 13.

“The general belief that Reggie’s mother was a”: Hart-Davis, Max Beerbohm’s Letters to Reggie Turner, pp. 11–12.

“Moth-like he had buzzed”: Stoker, Primrose Path, p. 39.

“When the bar-keeper turned round”: Ibid., p. 52.

“primrose path”: SHA, Hamlet, act 1, scene 3, line 50, p. 1708.

using vomit to lubricate: Stoker, Lost Journal, pp. 199–200.

“a veritable tragedy of family resemblance”: Schenkar, Truly Wilde, p. 57.

described him in his later London days: Ibid.

“America needs a leisure class”: Ibid., p. 59.

“not only disgusting”: Cruikshank, Fairy-Book, p. 210.

“the use of strong drink”: Ibid., p. 195.

“ ‘With all deference to your Majesty’ ”: Ibid., pp. 195–96.

“of sorts”: Ward and Whiteing, Both Sides of the Curtain, p. 73.

“was immediately surrounded”: Ward and Whiteing, Both Sides of the Curtain, p. 73.

“He had proposed”: Ibid., 74.

“His nature was a most affectionate one”: Stoker, “Recollections,” p. 145.

“It was on this holiday”: Stoker, “Recollections of the Late W. G. Wills” [1891], Forgotten Writings, p. 146.

“drink thy veins as wine”: Swinburne, “Anactoria,” Collected Poems, p. 67.

“a braggart in manners of vice”: Hyde, Oscar Wilde, p. 168.

“We were in full rehearsal”: REM-2, deleted material in holograph manuscript, Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington, DC.

“in great distress”: Ibid.

“Live, Sappho! Live! Live!”: Ibid.

“the play is one of great force”: Stoker, “Gaiety Theatre—Miss Genevieve Ward” (unsigned announcement of Sappho), DEM, June 7, 1875.

“the soul of Sappho is no empty name”: Stoker, “Miss Genevieve Ward as Sappho” (unsigned review), DEM, June 9, 1875.

“If males find intercourse”: Quoted by Elizabeth D. Harvey, “Ventriloquizing Sappho, or the Lesbian Muse,” in Greene, Re-Reading Sappho, p. 91.

“the peculiar delight and excitement”: Mahaffy, Social Life in Greece, p. 305.

“imagine a modern Irishman”: Ibid., p. 306.

“The Darwinians say”: Ibid., p. 307.

“a great proportion”: Ibid., p. 308.

public urinals: Lacey, Terrible Queer Creatures, p. 139.

male brothel: Ibid., p. 141.

“a whiff of the ‘musical’ ”: Ibid., p. 152.

“Yes, but not in any offensive sense”: Stanford and McDowell, Mahaffy, p. 128.

“Oh, no, we don’t”: Ibid.

“I can’t conceive”: Fadiman, Bartlett’s Book, p. 367.

“As to the epithet unnatural”: Mahaffy, Social Life in Greece, p. 308.

“In place of the offending pages”: Stanford and McDowell, Mahaffy, p. 157.

“to make a proper pagan”: Pearson, Life of Oscar Wilde, p. 38.

“We no longer speak of Mr. Oscar Wilde”: Stanford and McDowell, Mahaffy, p. 87.

“Spoke—I think well”: REM-2, p. 96.

“My dear Mr. Whitman”: Traubel, With Walt Whitman, vol. 4, pp. 181–85.

“my letters were only of the usual pattern”: REM-2, p. 97.

“My dear young man”: Ibid.

4. Engagements and Commitments

“Women are pictures”: WIL, p. 460.

“Wilde noticed women’s faces”: Belford, Oscar Wilde, p. 55.

“in scenes of passionate invective”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal—Leah” (unsigned review), DEM, October 22, 1872.

“wrinkled as though” . . . “Greeks and Japanese”: DRA, p. 188.

“the savage glitter of the eye”: Stoker, “Madame Ristori in ‘Medea’ ” (unsigned review), DEM, August 7, 1873.

“almost beyond belief”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal—Madame Ristori” (unsigned review), DEM, August 9, 1873.

“She is best in those scenes”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal—Leah” (unsigned review), DEM, October 22, 1872.

“I know your present income”: Undated letter to Stoker from Abraham Stoker, quoted in LUD, p. 39.

“He never gets into debt”: Quoted in White, Parents of Oscar Wilde, p. 238.

“An outsider has no chance”: Undated letter from Abraham Stoker to Stoker. SFP, TCD.

“She is a Protestant”: Stoker, Lost Journal, 146.

“Strange scenes, dark, secret, and cruel”: Lady Wilde, Legends, p. 326.

“I am sure you will not think”: Quoted in MUR, p. 51.

“latest move on the family chessboard”: Stoker, Lost Journal, p. 105.

Go to the moon—you selfish dreamer!: Williams, Plays, 1937–1955, p. 464.

“immortal longings”: SHA, Antony and Cleopatra, act 5, scene 2, lines 271–72, p. 2719.

“half English and half Irish”: Wyndham, Speranza, p. 70.

“In walking, he plants one foot”: Anonymous, Fashionable Tragedian., p. 7.

Midlands or North Country accent: See ibid., pp. 7–9 for examples of Irving’s pronunciation; also IRV, p. 298.

“farceur’s tricks”: IRV, pp. 309–10.

wax cylinder recording: The Richard III wax recording can be heard at youtube.com/watch?v=7Z4gXiNKR4s. For information on other possible recordings of Irving’s voice, see “The Voice of Henry Irving” at the Irving Society: theirvingsociety.Org.Uk/the-voice-of-henry-irving/.

“naturally harsh voice”: Anonymous, Tragedian, p. 7.

“His intensity hypnotized me”: Wilson, Edwardian Theatre, p. 48.

“Apart from his fatal mannerisms”: Anonymous, Tragedian, p. 9.

“There are those”: Ibid., p. 14.

“It was all very tiresome”: IRV, p. 293.

“a hard fight”: REM-1, p. 19.

“Mr. Irving’s very appearance”: Stoker, “Mr. Irving’s Hamlet” (unsigned review), DEM, November 28, 1876.

“It is the strangest love story on record”: Dowden, Tragedy of Hamlet, p. xxviii.

description of a new family maid as “very pretty”: Stoker, Lost Journal, p. 140.

“ ’Tis now the very witching time of night”: SHA, Hamlet, act 3, scene 2, line 358, p. 1745.

“The great, deep, underlying ideal”: Stoker, “Mr. Irving’s Hamlet. Second Notice” (unsigned review), DEM, December 2, 1876.

“the defiant cock’s feather”: Brereton, Life of Irving, vol. 2, p. 92.

“lingering methodism”: Ibid.

“Toward the end of 1864”: IRV, p. 119.

Venoma the Spiteful Fairy: Ibid., p. 86.

“An actor never forgets a hiss!”: REM-1, p. 18.

“would peep over the bannisters”: Millward, Myself and Others, pp. 31–32.

“weird and thrilling”: Saintsbury and Palmer, We Saw Him Act, p. 82.

“ ’Twas in the prime of summer-time”: Hood, “The Dream of Eugene Aram,” Works, vol. 1, pp. 283–300.

“That I knew the story”: All Stoker quotes on Irving’s recitation of “The Dream” are taken from REM-1, pp. 28–33.

“I can only say”: Stoker, original holograph manuscript of REM-1, chapter 3, Folger Shakespeare Library.

This man belongs to me I want him: Stoker, Notes, p. 17.

“His worst is his being incapable of caring”: Quoted in Morgan, Dramatic Critic, p. 226.

“The effect of his recitation upon Stoker”: IRV, p. 279.

“Anything more splendid”: Stoker, “Mr Irving and The Bells” (unsigned review), DEM, December 4, 1876.

“princely; it is noble”: Stoker, “Mr Irving as Charles I” (unsigned review), DEM, December 6, 1876.

“They had come prepared”: REM-1, p. 40.

“Hats and handkerchiefs were waved”: Stoker, “University Night for Mr Irving” (unsigned column), DEM, December 11, 1876.

“Choir Boy”: McKenna, Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, p. 7.

“only mentally spoons the boy”: ELL, p. 62.

“exquisitely pretty girl”: LET, p. 29.

“George Francis Miles”: Croft-Cooke, Unreported Life, p. 40.

“Women were half of the question of love”: McKenna, Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, p. 10.

“The fuming censers”: WIL, p. 106.

“a pleasant cheery fellow”: Quoted in McKenna, Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, p. 12.

“And now upon thy walls”: WIL, p. 730.

“It was so very good of you”: Undated letter from Florence Balcombe to Oscar Wilde (summer 1877), William Andrews Clark Library, Los Angeles.

folktale-like story: Yeats, Autobiography, p. 120.

flirted with other Dublin girls: See McKenna, Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, p. 9.

“It was at Oxford”: ELL, p. 92.

“His death [in 1900]”: Ransome, Oscar Wilde, p. 199.

“knew himself to be syphilitic”: Sherard, May 1937 letter to Arthur Symons, quoted in Hayden, Pox, p. 207.

“The main physical effect of mercury”: ELL, p. 92.

caustic wash of nitric acid: Wynbrandt, Excruciating History, p. 49.

“Whatever your first purpose”: ELL, pp. 93–94.

“The word ‘syphilis’ was taboo”: Hayden, Pox, p. 70.

various accounts: For discussions of the Oxford prostitute see Hyde, quoting Harris, Trials of Oscar Wilde, p. 56; and ELL, p. 92. R. F. Foster, in Lord Randolph Churchill: A Political Life, convincingly affirms Churchill’s syphilis but rejects the prostitute claims.

“Wasted Days”: WIL, p. 732.

“pricked ears, two rows of yellow teeth”: Huysmans, Against the Grain, p. 92.

“Many Demons and Divinities”: Quoted in Andersen, Picasso’s Brothel, p. 147.

Irving made him a personal introduction: REM-1, pp. 44–47.

“We were quite alone”: Ibid., p. 53.

“London in view!”: Ibid., p. 54.

“I closed my eyes in a languorous ecstasy”: DRA, p. 43.

“could not speak, he could not walk”: Terry, Story of My Life, p. 81.

“Why can’t they let a girl marry three men”: DRA, p. 60.

likened to a bulldog: Manvell, Ellen Terry, p. 99.

“definite” commitment: Holroyd, Strange Eventful History, p. 115.

“one of the dullest and most uninteresting performances”: Unsigned Times (London) review of Vanderdecken, June 10, 1878.

“In his face is the ghastly pallor”: Stoker, Dublin review of Vanderdecken, quoted in REM-1, p. 56.

“A more cleverly-managed”: Unsigned Times (London) review of Vanderdecken, June 10, 1878.

“The play proved less buoyant”: IRV, p. 309.

oft-repeated story: LUD, p. 114. Apparently the first publication of this anecdote, given to Ludlam by Stoker’s son, Noel. Did Irving really call the reading of Dracula “dreadful”? “He probably did,” said Noel, “and it probably was.”

“You are quite wrong”: Bingham, Henry Irving, p. 270.

“I spent hours with Irving”: REM-1, p. 57.

“mysterious-looking house”: Hatton, “Sir Henry Irving,” p. 16.

“over so many miles of land and sea”: LET, p. 67.

“one of his stage tricks”: IRV, p. 310.

“great friends”: REM-1, p. 60.

“an intensive period of probation”: irv, p. 309.

“received a telegram”: rem-1, p. 60.

rather quaintly, as “spinster”: 1878 Certificate of Marriage for Abraham Stoker and Florence Balcombe. SFP, TCD.

“Though you have not thought it worth while”: LET, p. 71.

“Whatever difference of opinion”: Unsigned review (presumably by Stoker) of The Tempest, DEM, November 26, 1878.

5. Londoners

“I long to go through the crowded streets”: DRA, p. 26.

London was filthy: See Jackson, Dirty Old London, for a comprehensive overview of urban dirt in the Victorian era.

“the fog in London assumes all sorts of colors”: Quoted in Corton, London Fog, p. 185.

“child’s play compared with the next two weeks”: REM-1, p. 62.

The Lyceum property: See Wilson, Lyceum, for a complete history of the theatre’s numerous incarnations.

Stoker occupied a work alcove: IRV, p. 322.

“I don’t know what to do”: Lady Wilde, undated letter to Oscar Wilde (early 1899), quoted in Melville, Mother of Oscar, p. 154.

“faded splendor was more striking”: White, Parents of Oscar Wilde, p. 248.

“desperate affairs”: HAR, p. 330.

“To Helen formerly of Troy”: ELL, p. 143.

“epigrams are always better than argument”: Lady Wilde, Social Studies, p. 70.

“a kindly, handsome fellow”: Edwin Ward, Recollections, p. 108.

demonstration of “thought reading”: Friedman, Wilde in America, p. 45.

truly spooky personal end: For a good précis of Irving’s career and macabre death, see “The Strange Life and Death of Washington Irving Bishop,” themagicdetective.com/2011/03/strange-life-death-of-washington-irving.html.

“If a man leads an evil life”: ELL, p. 147.

“the old-fashioned cleric became alarmed”: Ward, Recollections, pp. 110–11.

“If you try to look at it”: WIL, p. 92.

Frank Miles had syphilis: McKenna, Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, p. 52. The author attests to Miles’s disease, but not Wilde’s, suggesting that only the fear of syphilis drove him to seek a “marriage cure” for his sexual proclivities.

“Tell George I have given up his idea”: ELL, p. 149.

“The more I think of it”: Joseph Robinson, Dublin, letters on the birth of Stoker’s son, January 1880. SFP, TCD.

“I must lose not a moment”: Ibid.

“You did not answer my letter”: Ibid.

“My family, speaking of her”: FAR, p. 213.

listed her occupation as “artist”: Stoker entry, London census for 1881. Digital facsimile courtesy of John Edgar Browning.

paying bills in gold sovereigns: Harry Ludlam, unpublished notes of interview with Robert George Hillburn, East Sheen, October 1957, for A Biography of Dracula. SFP, TCD.

“To attain the necessary degree of secrecy”: Noel Stoker, “BRAM STOKER by His Son, Noel Thornley Stoker,” undated typewritten manuscript circa November 8, 1947. SFP, TCD.

a full-throated roar: Ibid.

“somewhat out of keeping”: DEM review of Under the Sunset, November 16, 1881, quoted in “Some Opinions of the Press” (publisher’s promotional flyer), Fales Library, New York University.

“It is whispered that Death”: Stoker, Under the Sunset, p. 11.

“Pass not the Portal of the Sunset Land!”: Ibid., p. 104.

“a charming book”: Punch review of Under the Sunset, December 3, 1881, quoted in “Some Opinions of the Press” (publisher’s promotional flyer), Fales Library, New York University.

“If, as in the”: Unsigned Morning Post review of Under the Sunset, December 1, 1881.

“Under the pleasant stories”: Unsigned Norfolk News review of Under the Sunset, November 26, 1881.

“is upon the same ground as Nathaniel Hawthorne”: Unsigned Spectator review of Under the Sunset, November 12, 1881.

a vanity project: MUR, p. 151.

“The plight of the hospital’s sick children”: John Moore, Dublin, in correspondence with the author, January 2015.

“a book as kind, and genial”: Unsigned Dublin Freeman’s Journal review of Under the Sunset, November 12, 1881.

“a red-bearded giant”: Noel Stoker, “BRAM STOKER by His Son, Noel Thornley Stoker,” undated typewritten manuscript circa November 8, 1947. SFP, TCD.

impromptu swimming lesson: FAR, p. 215.

wet nurse “starved” him: MUR, p. 111.

A FILIAL REPROOF: Punch, September 11, 1886.

“Oscar Wilde, the long-haired”: Friedman, Wilde in America, p. 208.

“I don’t see why such mocking things”: “Wilde and Whitman: The Aesthetic Singer Visits the Good Gray Poet,” Philadelphia Press, January 19, 1882.

“the grandest man I have ever seen”: ELL, p. 170.

“In free conversation with intimate friends”: Harrison Reeves, Mercure de France, June 1, 1913, quoted in McKenna, Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, p. 32.

“after embracing, greeting each other”: Ibid.

“The Opera House was draped in crimson silk”: REM-1, pp. 159–60.

“We had amongst others”: Ibid, p. 169.

“He bears the body”: Ibid, pp. 96–98.

“are wanting in the imagination of tragedy”: Richards, Sir Henry Irving: A Victorian Actor, p. 56.

“intrepid swimmer”: Noel Stoker, “BRAM STOKER by His Son, Noel Thornley Stoker,” undated typewritten manuscript circa November 8, 1947. SFP, TCD.

“the recollection of a clammy corpse”: Ibid.

“icebergs, blocks, stone”: IRV, p. 424.

“old man of leonine appearance”: REM-2, pp. 92–93.

“Be it remembered”: Ibid., p. 100.

“all that I had ever dreamed of”: Ibid.

unafraid to disagree: IRV, pp. 362–63.

“Hypnotism was at that time”: Millward, Myself and Others, pp. 99–100.

“His house, 328 Mickle Street”: REM-2, pp. 102–3.

Whitman’s account of the assassination: Ibid., p. 104.

“Well, well; what a broth of a boy”: Ibid., p. 105.

“agreed that it was a great pity”: Ibid., p. 106.

“I want you to read it all to me”: Whitman’s comments on Stoker appear in Traubel, With Walt Whitman, vol. 4, pp. 179–185.

“Shortly after I came in”: REM-2, p. 111.

Constance’s pregnancies disgusted him: HAR, pp. 284–85.

“The Harlot’s House”: WIL, p. 789.

“I hope you will like them”: Hart-Davis, More Letters of Oscar Wilde, p. 75. The editor notes that the copy of The Happy Prince inscribed to Florence sold for $8,500 at Christie’s, New York, in 1984.

“whole forepart of the boat was underwater”: BEL, pp. 195–96.

His decision was reported in the press: MUR, p. 114.

“I feel somewhat like a guilty man”: Stoker, letter to J. B. Pond, August 13, 1887. Fales Library, New York University.

6. Pantomimes from Hell

“ ’Tis the eye of childhood”: SHA, Macbeth, act 2, scene 2, lines 52–53, p. 2594.

severed head: One candidate for the spectral woman is Madame Marie Tussaud, who, according to legend, was forced by the leaders of the Terror to make death masks from guillotined heads. Tussaud’s first London exhibition in 1802 was located at the later site of the Lyceum. It has also been suggested that the head belonged to one Henry Courtenay, an earlier owner of the underlying land, sentenced to beheading by Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War. The original source of this story has proved impossible to trace, but it appears repeatedly in surveys of theatrical ghost lore. See, for example, Douglas McPherson, “Theatrical Haunts: The Ghosts of the West End,” The Stage (website) October 29, 2010, thestage.co.uk/features/2010/theatrical-haunts-the-ghosts-of-the-west-end; and “The Real Ghosts of London’s Theatres,” December 11, 2012, hubpages.com/religion-philosophy/Real-Ghosts-in-London-Theatres.

clueless Chinese ambassador: REM-1, pp. 78–79.

Goethe’s introduction: Goethe first saw the puppet version of Faust, descended from Marlowe, between 1753 and 1758 (“Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: A Chronology,” in Faust: A Norton Critical Edition, p. 731). Bantam Classics translator Peter Salm cites Goethe’s comment in his autobiography, Poetry and Truth: “The important puppet-fable [of Faust] continued to echo and buzz many-toned within me” (p. x).

“Irving’s intuition as a showman”: IRV, p. 470.

“When Irving was about”: REM-1, pp. 178–79.

wanted to give Irving a knighthood: Holroyd, Strange Eventful History, p. 259.

“And then the spikes did their work”: Stoker, “The Squaw,” GUE, p. 49.

“a spectacle sufficiently ghastly”: Mead, “In a Munich Deadhouse,” pp. 460–61.

“Sees old man on bier”: Stoker, Notes, p. 35.

“and he thought now the man of the Munich Dead House”: Stoker (Klinger), New Annotated “Dracula,” p. 264.

“had dealings with the Evil One”: DRA, p. 212.

“school supposed to exist”: Emily Gerard, “Transylvanian Superstitions” [1882], excerpted in Miller, Bram Stoker’s “Dracula,” p. 184.

“Even then at that awful moment”: Stoker (Klinger), New Annotated “Dracula,” p. 390.

“Sooth, this man is an enemy”: Wills, Faust, p. 39.

“By what pretence”: Ibid., p. 42.

“never cared much for Henry’s Mephistopheles”: Terry, Story of My Life, p. 264.

“Henry looked to grow”: Ibid.

“See here this skull”: Wills, Faust, p. 4.

“The lord of the frogs”: Goethe, Faust (Anster trans.), p. 84.

“Dost thou not wish you had a broomstick”: Ibid., p. 54.

“I began to have certain grave doubts”: REM-1, pp. 146–47.

“Gone was the debonair, cheery, holiday companion”: Holroyd, Strange Eventful History, p. 172.

“Many of the effects were experimental”: REM-1, p. 176.

“This effect was arranged by Colonel Gouraud”: Ibid.

“Altogether the effects of light and flame”: Ibid., pp. 176–77.

“steam and mist are elements”: Ibid., p. 177.

“was performed in London”: Ibid., p. 175.

“It wouldn’t matter”: Henry James, “The Acting in Mr. Irving’s ‘Faust’ ” (unsigned review), Saturday Review, December 1887, pp. 312–13.

“That idiot Stoker wrote a speech”: IRV, pp. 452–53.

“One night early in the run”: REM-1, p. 183.

“Mr. Irving’s ‘Faust’ ”: “Irving’s ‘Faust’ ” (unsigned review), New York Times, November 8, 1887.

“In New York the business”: REM-1, p. 184.

“there is for an outsider”: Ibid., p. 140.

“So like were the knives”: Stoker, “The Dualitists,” pp. 23–24.

“ ‘Macbeth’ occupies a peculiar position amongst plays”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal—Macbeth” (unsigned review), DEM, October 20, 1873.

“It was supposed to be vast”: REM-1, p. 23.

“his dagger soliloquy”: Stoker, “Theatre Royal—Macbeth” (unsigned review), DEM, October 20, 1873.

“a famished wolf”: Terry, Story of My Life, p. 329.

“would give the appearance”: Alice Comyns Carr, quoted in Holroyd, Strange Eventful History, p. 200.

“The whole thing is Rossetti”: Terry, Story of My Life, p. 333.

“Lady Macbeth seems to be an economical housekeeper”: Quoted in Holland, Shakespeare, Memory, and Performance, p. 151.

“The street that on a wet”: Oscar Wilde, quoted in Holroyd, Strange Eventful History, p. 200.

7. The Isle of Men

“Heaven save me from this fiend”: Caine’s Drink is long out of print and virtually impossible to find in libraries, but the full text has been made available online by Manx National Heritage. All quotations in this chapter are taken from this unpaginated transcription: isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/fulltext/hcdr1906/index.htm.

“Delighted to see you tonight”: Allen, Hall Caine, pp. 64–65.

“She believed in every kind of supernatural”: Caine, My Story, p. 10.

“To see Stoker in his element”: Wyndham, Nineteen Hundreds, pp. 118–19.

“So mediocre is Mr. Caine’s book”: Oscar Wilde, “Coleridge’s Life,” Essays, pp. 372–74.

“Mr. Hall Caine, it is true”: WIL, p. 973.

“lavish heavy wealth of coppery golden hair”: Rossetti, His Family Letters, vol. 1, p. 171.

“sunny ripples” of hair: DRA, p. 146.

“You see, my dear Hall Caine”: Stoker, letter to Hall Caine (damaged, date missing, circa 1890). Hall Caine Papers, Manx National Heritage.

“the conversation tended towards weird subjects”: REM-2, p. 122.

“During many years I spent time”: Caine, My Story, p. 349.

engaged Florence Stoker: The typescript of Mahomet, personally examined by the author among Caine’s papers at Manx National Heritage, has the line “Translated by Mrs. Bram Stoker” written in pencil on the title page. The entire script seems to have been typed on the same, uniquely charactered machine as Stoker’s one typed letter to Caine, suggesting it was transcribed by the same typewriting service. Both the script and the letter are undated but contemporaneous, circa 1890.

“Now in the dim twilight”: REM-2, pp. 119–20.

“I spent months on ‘Mohammed’ ”: Caine, My Story, p. 343.

“In spite of the utmost sincerity”: Ibid., p. 349.

Irving himself had passed up the chance: REM-2, p. 137. According to Stoker, Irving paid handsomely for an unproduced stage adaptation of Jekyll and Hyde by O. Booth and J. Dixon but never performed in it. Mansfield did not use this adaptation, and neither did Irving’s son Laurence. There is no record of the Booth/Dixon version actually being performed anywhere.

one impressionable theatregoer: The original October 5, 1988, letter accusing Mansfield is archived at the British Library and can be examined online: bl.uk/collection-items/anonymous-letter-to-city-of-london-police-about-jack-the-ripper.

“There is but little scope”: Times (London), August 6, 1988.

“the same way as children are”: “A Thirst for Blood,” East End Advertiser, October 6, 1888.

Return-addressed “From hell”: Eddleston, Jack the Ripper, pp. 160–61.

American quack doctor, Francis Tumblety: For the basic facts of Tumblety’s life and career, the author has relied primarily on Evans and Gainey, Jack the Ripper, as well as Riordan’s Prince of Quacks. In addition to the Manx National Heritage letters from Tumblety to Caine personally transcribed by the author, revealing correspondence appears in Storey’s Dracula Secrets, pp. 112–28. See also Allen, Hall Caine, pp. 37–42.

“a dirty, awkward, ignorant”: Evans and Gainey, Jack the Ripper, p. 190.

According to Colonel C. A. Dunham: Ibid., pp. 194–96.

“He had a seeming mania”: Ibid., p. 212.

“Your letter just received”; Francis Tumblety, letter to hall caine, april 2, 1875. Hall caine papers, manx national heritage library.

“Don’t trifle with my patience”: Tumblety to Caine, August 6, 1875. Ibid.

“Dear boy wire at once”: Tumblety to Caine, April 1875, Allen, Hall Caine, p. 39.

“Come here tomorrow evening”: Undated telegram, ibid.

“The chinamen are as nasty as Locust”: Tumblety to Caine, March 31, 1876. Hall Caine Papers, Manx National Heritage Library.

“Travel for Tumblety was not a source of amusement”: Evans and Gainey, Jack the Ripper, p. 260.

“Unclean! unclean!”: DRA, p. 259.

“a place of popular entertainment”: Caine, Drink (see first note to this chapter).

“It was still an hour earlier”: Ibid.

“Dr. La Mothe,” he asks: Ibid.

“the great hypnotizer”: Ibid.; see Appendix.

leading advocate was Dr. John D. Quackenbos: Katz, Gay American History, pp. 220–22.

“psychical hermaphrodites”: Krafft-Ebing’s coinage, quoted by Schfrenck-Notzig in Therapeutic Suggestion, in which he personally uses the term “psycho-hermaphrodite.” See Schrenck-Notzig’s extended and illuminating discussion in chapter 12, “Histories Illustrating Suggestion Therapeutics in Perversions of the Sexual Instinct,” pp. 210–305.

“portrayed ‘unnatural lust’ ”: Katz, Gay American History, p. 222.

“In one case of complete effemination”: Schrenck-Notzig, Therapeutic Suggestion, p. 208.

“I’m an unspeakable of the Oscar Wilde sort”: Forster, Maurice, p. 159.

“These hypnotic cures sometimes lasted several years”: Robb, Strangers, pp. 75–76.

“was conducting a series of torrid love affairs”: Allen, Hall Caine, p. 292.

“To Bram Stoker”: Caine, Cap’n Davy’s Honeymoon, unpaginated dedication.

Old Count interferes: Stoker, Notes, p. 17.

8. A Land Beyond the Forest

“You go into the woods”: Stephen Sondheim and James Lapine, Into the Woods (original Broadway cast recording, Sony Music Entertainment, 1986).

“a too-generous helping of dressed crab”: LUD, p. 99.

“an undigested bit of beef”: Dickens, Bleak House, p. 76.

“Then the convulsion of the bog”: Stoker, The Snake’s Pass, p. 302.

A certain “Count—”: Stoker, Notes, p. 17.

“is told to visit Castle”: Ibid.

“This man belongs to me I want him”: Ibid.

“the visitors”: Ibid., p. 39.

the word “man”: Stoker, unpublished typescript for The Un-Dead [Dracula], p. 60. Private collection.

“Back, back to your own place!”: DRA, p. 52.

“the last I saw of Count Dracula”: Ibid.

“derives from Dracula’s hovering interest”: Christopher Craft, “Kiss Me with Those Red Lips: Gender and Inversion in Bram Stoker’s Dracula” [1984], excerpted in DRA, p. 446.

“I shuddered as I bent over”: DRA, p. 53.

“unconscious cerebration”: Ibid., p. 69.

Ulrichs’s short story: There does not seem to be an English version of “Manor” currently in print, but an online translation by Michael Lombardi-Nash can be read at angelfire.com/fl3/uraniamanuscripts/manor7.html.

“Vampire stories are generally located in Styria”: Stenbock, “A True Story of a Vampire,” in Skal, Vampires: Encounters with the Undead, p. 171.

“one of those extraordinary Slav creatures”: Ibid.

“it touches both on mystery and fact”: Stoker quoted by Jane Stoddard, “A Chat with the Author of Dracula” [1897], in Miller, Bram Stoker’s “Dracula,” p. 276.

“hands are broad”: Baring-Gould, Book of Were-Wolves, p. 108.

“Basil Hallward is what I think I am”: ELL, p. 319.

“Why is your friendship so fatal”: DOR, p. 126.

“the leprosies of sin”: Ibid., pp. 131–32.

“withered, wrinkled, and loathsome of visage”: Ibid., p. 184.

“It is a tale spawned from the leprous literature”: Ibid., “Reviews and Reactions,” p. 362.

“had monopolized the attention of Londoners”: Ibid., p. 347.

encountered the name “Dracula”: Wilkinson, Account of the Principalities, p. 19.

extraordinarily sadistic method: McNally and Florescu’s In Search of Dracula was the first book to chronicle Vlad’s atrocities for modern readers.

all-too-obvious “Count Wampyr”: Stoker, Notes, pp. 26–27.

“in one manuscript this very Dracula”: DRA, p. 212.

early page of notes: Stoker, Notes, pp. 26–27.

“looked like a dead man”: REM-2, p. 166.

sleeping in a coffin: See Dijkstra, Idols of Perversity, pp. 45–46. Among many other sources, see especially Skinner, Madame Sarah, and Gold and Fizdale’s Divine Sarah.

“Abominable, disgusting, bestial, fetid”: William Archer, “Ghosts and Gibberings,” Pall Mall Gazette, April 8, 1891.

“softening of the brain”: Ibsen, “Ghosts” and Other Plays, p. 98.

“ninety-seven percent of the people”: Archer, “Ghosts and Gibberings.”

“open drain”: Ibid.

“muck-ferreting dogs”: Ibid.

“My dear Bram—my wife is not very well”: LET, p. 394.

“The audience”: McKenna, Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, p. 171.

“We’re all in the gutter”: WIL, p. 417.

“daintily gloved”: McKenna, Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, p. 170.

“Ladies and gentlemen,” he said: Ibid.

“marvelous evening wrap”: Hyde, Oscar Wilde, p. 172.

“Stoker was a very inept writer”: Letter from H. P. Lovecraft to Robert Barlow, December 10, 1932, Lovecraft Collection, John Hay Library, Brown University, quoted in Stoker (McNally and Florescu), Essential “Dracula,” p. 24.

“Mrs. Miniter saw Dracula in manuscript”: Lovecraft, Selected Letters, 1911–1924, p. 255.

“Have you read”: Quoted in Steinmeyer, Who Was Dracula?, p. 129.

“Notwithstanding her saturation”: H. P. Lovecraft, “Mrs. Miniter—Estimates and Recollections,” in Miniter, Dead Houses, p. 56.

“Its Editorials are pungent”: Boston Home Journal, house advertisement, January 1894. Boston Public Library microform.

“She is not a great actress”: Boston Home Journal, unsigned profile of Ellen Terry, undated clipping, early January 1894. Boston Public Library microform.

“Mr. Irving”: Boston Evening Transcript, unsigned appraisal of Henry Irving’s engagement, undated clipping, January 2, 1894. Boston Public Library microform.

“In representing, or attempting”: Boston Home Journal, review of The Merchant of Venice, undated clipping, January 20, 1894. Boston Public Library microform.

“a Hebrew of rather”: DRA, p. 302.

“tramps, and other excretions”: Stoker, A Glimpse of America, p. 15.

“Who said anything about dramatic criticism”: “The Week at the Theatres,” New York Times, March 4, 1894.

“Undead” was an existing word: See Tupper, Tropes and Figures in Anglo Saxon Prose, p. 55.

“the leader and financier of an international elitist conspiracy”: Hans Cornell de Roos. “Makt Myrkranna: Mother of All Dracula Modifications?” Letter from Castle Dracula (Newsletter of the Transylvanian Society of Dracula), February 2014, pp. 3–21.

“Iceland and the Isle of Man are so closely linked”: Stoker, 1895 introduction to reprint of Hall Caine’s The Bondman [1890], in Showers, To My Dear Friend Hommy-Beg, p. 25.

“born criminals”: Lombroso, Criminal Man, p. 161 and passim. Lombroso began using the term in the third edition of his book (1884).

“When under any kind of noxious influences”: Nordau, Degeneration, p. 16.

“Ghost stories are very popular”: Ibid., pp. 13–14.

“Where, if not from the Impressionists”: Wilde, “The Decay of Lying,” quoted in ibid., p. 321.

“He asserts that painters”: Nordau, Degeneration, p. 322.

“His mouth covered”: Atherton, Adventures of a Novelist, p. 184.

“The face was clean-shaven”: Wyndham, Nineteen Hundreds, p. 62.

“He is like a very bad copy”: Alice Kipling, Letter to Rudyard Kipling, March 18, 1882, quoted in Taylor, Victorian Sisters, pp. 136–37.

“A creature manifestly between”: “The Missing Link,” Punch, October 18, 1862, p. 165.

“I am haunted by”: Kingsley, His Letters and Memories, p. 308.

he supported home rule: See Glover, Vampires, Mummies, and Liberals, for the best examination of Stoker’s political leanings and influences.

“all the men who wore them”: Hichens, Green Carnation, p. 17.

“allusions, thinly veiled”: Ibid., p. xxv.

long-simmering syphilis: The most recent book to examine syphilis as a probable cause of Queensberry’s mental derangement is Linda Stratmann’s Marquess of Queensberry: Wilde’s Nemesis.

was having an affair with his eldest son: See McKenna, Secret Life of Oscar Wilde, pp. 313–22 for a full account of Queensberry’s obsession with the relationship between his son and Lord Rosebery.

“For Oscar Wilde posing Somdomite”: Queenberry’s famously misspelled message is partially indecipherable, and has been alternatively interpreted as “posing somdomite,” “posing as a somdomite,” and “ponce and somdomite.”

called Queensberry “an incubus”: Hyde, Trials of Oscar Wilde, p. 78.

“Blindly I staggered”: Wilde, “De Profundis” and Other Prison Writings, p. 53.

“immoral and obscene work”: Holland, Real Trial of Oscar Wilde, p. 39.

“Each man sees his own sin”: LET, p. 439.

“I see little of him”: For the complete account of her visit with Lady Wilde, see Atherton, Adventures of a Novelist, pp. 182–84.

“a terrifying and severe old lady”: Holland, Son of Oscar Wilde, p. 24.

a “splendid score”: Wilde, “De Profundis” and Other Prison Writings, p. 79.

“malformation of the parts of generation”: Murray, Bosie, pp. 66–67.

“Willie, give me shelter”: ELL, p. 467.

“His successful brother”: Yeats, Autobiographies, p. 227.

“If you stay”: ELL, p. 468.

“the worst case I have ever tried”: HAR, p. 175.

“One half-expected to see”: Olson, Confessions of Aubrey Beardsley, p. 236.

“It haunts men”: Allen, Hall Caine, p. 292.

“the graceless and pitiful downfall”: Wells, Collected Works, p. ix.

“A fool there was”: Rudyard Kipling, “The Vampire” [1897], from a 1902 souvenir postcard of the Burne-Jones painting with poem. Author’s collection.

“it was not until I had read Mr. Stoker’s book”: “Books and Bookmen,” Weekly Sun, June 6, 1897.

“Your most kind promise”: Philip Burne-Jones to Stoker, June 16, 1897, reproduced in Miller, Bram Stoker’s “Dracula,” p. 93.

“Bram, my friend”: Willie Wilde to Stoker, July 16, 1897, quoted in BEL, pp. 245–46.

the prime minister had qualms: Holroyd, Strange Eventful History, p. 259.

“an ever-widening circle of semi-demons”: DRA, pp. 53–54.

“the center of a hideous circle of corruption”: HAR, p. 186.

“abounds in overwrought protestations of friendship”: Auerbach, Our Vampires, Ourselves, p. 81.

“a new monster of its own clinical making”: DRA, p. xi. See also Talia Schaffer, “‘A Wilde Desire Took Me’: The Homoerotic History of Dracula” [1994], excerpted in DRA, pp. 470–82.

“who’d ever heard of a sub-text?”: Fay Weldon, “Bram Stoker: Hello, Thank You, and Goodbye,” Bram Stoker’s “Dracula” Omnibus, p. viii.

“The novel is deeply”: Killeen, Gothic Literature, pp. 84–85.

“There is a matter which I want to ask you about”: Stoker to Caine, June 3, 1896. Hall Caine Papers, Manx National Heritage.

“Your letter is like yourself”: Stoker to Caine, June 6, 1896. Ibid.

“very testy”: Ludlam, My Quest for Bram Stoker, p. 26.

“striding out on long walks”: LUD, p. 95.

“used to read his stories”: Florence Stoker, introduction to a 1926 serialization of Dracula in the Argosy (London), reprinted in Miller, Bram Stoker’s “Dracula,” p. 284.

“As we looked there came”: DRA, p. 235.

“Stoker told me”: Schoolfield, Baedecker of Decadence, p. 218.

Hoar reportedly met Stoker: Stoker, Shades of Dracula, pp. 134–35.

received no advance: Miller, Bram Stoker’s “Dracula.” Stoker’s holograph contract with Constable is reproduced on pp. 246–47.

“I was thinking, if you would not object”: Stoker to Caine, March 2, 1897. Hall Caine Papers, Manx National Heritage.

“Well, this is a pretty nice state”: Stoker, Dracula; or, The Un-Dead, p. 1.

“The Thing in the coffin writhed”: DRA, p. 192.

“With his left hand”: Ibid., p. 247.

“See Dracula holding Mrs. Harker’s face”: Stoker, Dracula; or, The Un-Dead, p. 143.

“He pulled open his shirt”: DRA, p. 252.

“In seeking a parallel”: Unsigned Daily Mail review, June 1, 1897.

“Since Wilkie Collins left us”: “DRACULA by Bram Stoker,” unsigned Bookman review, August 1897, p. 129.

“Stories and novels appear”: Unsigned Athenaeum review, June 26, 1897.

“Dear Sir—let me thank”: MUR, p. 47.

a three-day stay at Slains Castle: BEL, p. 234.

“had some curious vicissitudes”: Stoker’s copyright efforts on behalf of Dracula are discussed in the unsigned Bookman piece “Frankenstein,” June 12, 1912, pp. 342–48.

first known illustration for the book: Special thanks to Paul S. McAlduff for sharing this rare image.

“Upon an age of materialism”: Brooklyn Daily Eagle review of Dracula, January 15, 1900. Reprinted in Browning, Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”: The Critical Feast, pp. 105–9.

“The Insanity of the Horrible”: Unsigned Wave review of Dracula, December 9, 1899, pp. 101–3.

“entering a twilight borderland”: Maurice Richardson, “The Psychoanalysis of Ghost Stories”[1959], excerpted as “The Psychoanalysis of Count Dracula” in Frayling, Vampyres, pp. 418–22.

“He wrote his book as”: Henry C. Dickens, quoted in Ludlam, My Quest for Bram Stoker, p. 60.

“He knew he had written”: Frederick Donaghey, review of Deane and Balderston’s Dracula, Chicago Daily Tribune, April 3, 1929.

9. Undead Oscar

“For he who lives more lives than one”: WIL, p. 853.

“Now God be thanked”: Stoker, Dracula; or, The Un-Dead, p. 193.

given a reading by the famous palmist: ELL, p. 382.

“I see a very brilliant”: O’Sullivan, Aspects of Wilde, p. 27.

“The shriek of the wretched female”: Maturin, Melmoth the Wanderer, p. 236.

“hard labour, hard fare, and a hard bed”: ELL, p. 506.

“seems almost to have for its aim”: Wilde, “De Profundis” and Other Prison Writings, p. 204.

“What is it about the macabre”: Scott Martin, Children of the Night, a chamber musical produced at the Beverly Hills Playhouse, October 2009. Script courtesy of Mr. Martin.

“create all the effects of inebriation”: Wilde’s quip, included in many collections of his epigrams, comes from a secondhand source and never appears in the writer’s published work. It is frequently adapted with slight variations—“drunkenness” for “inebriation,” for example.

“I cannot bear being alone”: Letter from Oscar Wilde to Robbie Ross, quoted in Belford, Oscar Wilde, p. 295.

“I will never outlive the century”: Quoted in Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray: An Uncensored, Annotated Edition, p. 4.

“Around twenty-five percent of Victorian men”: Quoted in Hayden, Pox, p. 221.

creeping spinal paralysis: Ibid., pp. 213–14.

“And you know that you made me ill”: Ibid., 214.

“My dear Oscar, you were”: HAR, p. 349.

“After 5:30 in the morning”: HAR, p. 351.

“He had scarcely breathed”: Ibid, p. 316.

“The Morgue yawns for me”: ELL, p. 580.

“After examining the body”: HAR, p. 353.

“When preparing the body for the grave”: HAR, p. 316.

“And all the while the burning lime”: WIL, p. 855.

“like an old fat prostitute”: HAR, p. 305.

“rumour afloat so sensational”: George Sylvester Viereck, “Is Oscar Wilde Living or Dead?,” letter to the Critic, July 1905, pp. 86–88.

Who on earth was this George Sylvester Viereck person: Viereck is the subject of two full-length biographies, Elmer Gertz’s Odyssey of a Barbarian and Neil M. Johnson’s George Sylvester Viereck: German-American Propagandist, as well as his own memoir, My Flesh and Blood: A Lyric Autobiography with Indiscreet Annotations.

“his amourous tastes were dubious”: Gertz, Odyssey of a Barbarian, p. 34.

“too rabid admiration for Wilde”: Ibid.

“There is no such thing”: Ibid., p. 226.

“a word invented by good people”: “Phrases and Philosophies for the Use of the Young,” WIL, p. 1205.

“Wilde is splendid”: Gertz, Odyssey of a Barbarian, p. 37.

“one who had clasped the hand of god”: Ibid., p. 38.

he could be recognized by his fur coat: Murray, Bosie, p. 129.

boyish and lesbian-leaning: Ibid, p. 124.

“I have met many charming people here”: Ibid., pp. 130–31.

his connection to “objectionable persons”: Gertz, Odyssey of a Barbarian, p. 35.

“Bosie with fangs”: Unsigned Evening Standard review of Brides of Dracula, July 7, 1960.

American epic of the undead: Owen Wister’s uncompleted vampire novel is a subject worthy of further research. The present author has consulted Wister’s papers at the Library of Congress and found no manuscripts or correspondence, but the writer’s plans for a vampire epic were widely reported in newspapers. See, for example, an untitled item in the Terre Haute Daily Tribune, February 8, 1903, in which Wister tells an interviewer, “Would you believe that within the sound of the locomotives’ whistle on the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad there are people, many people, who firmly believe in real old fashioned vampires? It should make a good novel.”

“It will come again, in a month”: Viereck, House of the Vampire, pp. 15–17.

“absorbing from life the elements”: Ibid, p. 23.

“You’ve heard of”: Saint-Amour, Copywrights, p. 137.

“Except in the final scene”: Unsigned New York Times review of House of the Vampire, October 5, 1907.

“The difficulty with Mr. Viereck’s treatment”: Unsigned Nation review of House of the Vampire, October 3, 1907.

“creatures who had once been women”: Viereck, House of the Vampire, p. 38.

“But what on earth could you find”: Ibid., p. 122.

“He stood up at full length”: Ibid., p. 183.

“inextricably associated with the saddest”: “The Theatres Last Night: An Oscar Wilde Play Revived at the Empire,” New York Times, April 15, 1902.

“a clean shaven Svengali”: Review of The Vampire, unsourced 1909 newspaper clipping, Billy Rose Theatre Collection, New York Library for the Performing Arts at Lincoln Center.

“I am really sorry the charge is not true”: Saint-Amour, Copywrights, p. 140.

“Without ever mentioning the word ‘copyright’ ”: Ibid.

“homosexuality clung to them”: Auerbach, Our Vampires, Ourselves, p. 102.

wondrous child named Hester Dowden: Basic facts of Hester’s life have been gleaned primarily from Bentley’s Far Horizon.

“crew of disorderly persons, often of the fair sex”: Dowden, “The Interpretation of Literature,” Transcripts and Studies, p. 241.

“The great quad of Trinity College”: Bentley, Far Horizon, pp. 19–20.

One of her “great friends”: Ibid., p. 166.

refused W. B. Yeats’s plea: ELL, p. 466.

“one of the relatively few means”: Sword, Ghostwriting Modernism, p. 13.

“an intellectual lady who acted as writing medium”: Sherard, Real Oscar Wilde, pp. 214–15.

“Wherever Dolly went”: Schenkar, Truly Wilde, p. 224.

Radclyffe Hall: For a full examination of Hall’s adventures in spiritualism, see the chapter “The Eternal Triangle” in Souhami, Trials of Radclyffe Hall, pp. 89–99.

“Being dead is the most boring experience in life”: Travers Smith, Oscar Wilde from Purgatory, p. 7.

“I am doing what is little better than”: Ibid., p. 9.

“the dimming of the senses”: Ibid., p. 13.

“I almost forget”: Ibid., p.16.

“Men are ever interested”: Ibid., p.18.

“Charity begins at home”: Lazar, Ghost Epigrams of Oscar Wilde, p. 20.

“The women of my time were beautiful”: Travers Smith, Oscar Wilde from Purgatory, p. 12.

“sensations were so varied”: Ibid., p. 21.

“crawl into your mind like a sick worm”: Ibid., p 15.

“It is a singular matter”: Ibid., p. 18.

“six impossible things before breakfast”: Carroll, Through the Looking-Glass, p. 93.

a barely disguised Hester Dowden: Yeats, “The Words upon the Window Pane” [1934], Selected Poems and Four Plays, pp. 158–71.

“I have been deeply moved”: Ibid., p. 170.

campaign against her father: Kahan, Shakespiritualism, pp. 77–79.

“Bill Shakespere had a lot to do”: Ibid., p. 81.

“To his horror”: HAR, p. 317.

The postmortem shrinking of skin: See Barber, Vampires, Burial, and Death, for a comprehensive examination of how normal processes of decomposition can create misleading appearances.

“At once Ross sent the son away”: HAR, p. 317.

“doubtless invented as a perquisite for someone”: Holland, Son of Oscar Wilde, p. 196.

“This was the last straw”: Ibid, p. 197.

“an atom of that power”: Travers Smith, Oscar Wilde from Purgatory, p. 32.

10. Mortal Coils

“The whole place”: LWW, p. 364.

“a former super”: Millward, My Life among Others, p. 232.

“Just as I reached the pass door”: Ibid., p. 230.

Born Richard Archer in Dundee: For a detailed biographical and criminal précis, see King, Undiscovered Dundee, pp. 153–63.

“I was told afterwards”: Millward, My Life among Others, p. 232.

“They will find some excuse”: IRV, p. 602.

“When he was placed in the dock”: Ibid.

“Irving was Christ”: Aria, My Sentimental Self, p. 108.

costumed apparition: McPherson, “Theatrical Haunts” (cited in second note to chapter 6 above).

“At ten minutes past five”: REM-2, p. 297.

“The fire was so fierce”: Ibid., p. 302.

“But the cost price”: Ibid., p. 301.

“To My Mother, in her loneliness”: Stoker, The Watter’s Mou’, unpaginated dedication page.

“My dear it is splendid”: Charlotte Stoker to Stoker, LUD, pp. 108–9.

“I have not been well”: LUD, p. 123.

“illiterate maid”: MUR, p. 16.

with no further elaboration: BEL, p. 289.

“ ‘Euthanasia’ is an excellent”: DRA, p. 291.

“If this change should come”: Ibid.

“With characteristic fortitude”: Terry, Story of My Life, p. 360.

“when we were on tour”: Ibid.

“I think there must be something”: REM-2, p. 327.

“At first, of course”: Ibid., p. 329.

“There he lay looking”: DRA, p. 53.

“a very considerable sum of money”: REM-2, p. 327.

“At the turn of the century”: IRV, p. 637.

“Both plays were out of joint”: REM-2, p. 343.

“Bram Stoker told me”: Frederick Donaghey, review of Deane and Balderston’s Dracula, Chicago Daily Tribune, April 3, 1929.

“The story is not saturated”: New York Tribune review of Mystery of the Sea, June 21, 1902.

“Marjory, my wife, the end is close!”: Stoker, Mystery of the Sea, p. 299.

“may be of some interest to the cranks”: “Novels and Stories,” Glasgow Herald review of Mystery of the Sea, July 31, 1902; reprinted in Senf, Bram Stoker’s Other Gothics, p. 21.

“Through it all beams the breezy”: Punch review of Mystery of the Sea, August 20, 1902; reprinted in ibid., pp. 22–23.

“His nose was aquiline”: Lewis, The Monk, p. 18.

“His face was strong and merciless”: Stoker, “The Judge’s House,” GUE, p. 32.

in broad daylight, just “beaky”: DRA, p. 155.

“great-eyed, aquiline-featured, gaunt old woman”: Stoker, Mystery of the Sea, p. 9.

“his high aquiline nose and black eagle eyes”: Ibid., p. 269.

owned by Stoker: Stoker, The Jewel of Seven Stars, introduction by Hebblethwaite, pp. xvii–xviii.

“is composed of mummies three thousand years old”: Twain, The Innocents Abroad, vol. 2, p. 429.

“this book is not a shilling shocker”: “Reviews,” Reader Magazine (New York), no. 3, 1904; reprinted in Senf, Bram Stoker’s Other Gothics, pp. 29–30.

“British attitudes towards Egypt”: Stoker, The Jewel of Seven Stars, introduction by Hebblethwaite, pp. xvii–xviii.

“Strange indeed was the appearance”: Gautier, Romance of a Mummy, p. 301.

“We all stood awed”: Stoker, The Jewel of Seven Stars, p. 235.

“This was a certain shrinkage”: REM-2, p. 335.

“clergyman’s sore throat”: Ibid., p. 336.

“month by month and year by year”: Ibid., p. 337.

“Day or night; in stillness; in travel”: Ibid., p. 338.

“He made throughout years a great fortune”: Ibid., p. 339.

“The great stars are sacred monsters”: Paglia, “The Star as Sacred Monster,” Vamps and Tramps, p. 366.

religious crisis: Florence Stoker’s 1904 conversion is recorded in the 1910 edition of Burnand, Catholic Who’s Who and Year-Book.

“had become so alarmingly ill”: REM-2, p.347.

“It is imperatively necessary that”: Ibid., p. 349.

“He had become adept at concealing”: Ibid., p. 352.

“A kindly continent to me”: Aria, My Sentimental Self, p. 142.

“At the right hand of Power”: Tennyson, Becket, p. 186.

“At the close last night”: “Sir Henry Irving Is Dead,” Bradford Daily Telegraph, October 14, 1905.

“I stood up to go”: REM-2. See pp. 352–61 for Stoker’s full account of Irving’s death and arrangements made at Bradford.

“No one could deny Stoker’s signal devotion”: Martin-Harvey, Autobiography, pp. 64–65.

“There will be nothing of the sort”: Aria, My Sentimental Self, p. 105.

snapped up the performance rights: Holland, Son of Oscar Wilde, p. 270.

Ellen Terry expressed her regret: MUR, p. 236.

“The chair was marked in pencil”: Millward, Myself and Others, p. 274.

Armitage Robinson’s eye doctor: IRV, p. 672.

family did not want the fact publicized: “Irving’s Body Cremated,” New York Times, October 18, 1905.

“an illiterate mutilator”: MUR, p. 236.

“implacable Irish hatred”: Ibid.

“Now that the excitement of Sir Henry”: Holroyd, Strange Eventful History, p. 149.

According to the English correspondent: “Sir Henry Irving’s Funeral,” France Times, November 2, 1905.

“Surely such a pall was never before seen”: REM-2, p. 362.

“As from the steps of the Sanctuary”: Ibid., p. 365.

“It was like a miracle”: DRA, p. 325.

interviewed the ghost of Dame Ellen Terry: Bentley, Far Horizon, p. 168.

they filled a room: Noel Stoker’s correspondence with author Harry Ludlam for A Biography of Dracula. TCD.

“Almost everyone criticizes it”: New York Times review of REM, October 20, 1906.

“Oh, Harold!”: Stoker, The Man, p. 42.

“Stoker, for many years”: “Doings Theatrical,” San Francisco Chronicle Sunday Supplement, April 1, 1906.

“a painful illness that dragged on for weeks”: LUD, p. 134.

“I hate being interviewed”: “Mr. Winston Churchill Talks of His Hopes, His Works, and His Ideals to Bram Stoker,” Daily Chronicle, January 15, 1908, reprinted in Stoker, Glimpse of America, p. 121.

“each individual must have a preponderance”: Stoker, Lady Athlyne, p. 82.

“Something was wrong”: Stoker, “A Star Trap,” Snowbound, p. 140.

“At last night’s meeting”: “Prurient Novel Is Condemned,” Los Angeles Times, October 20, 1907.

“perpetually combatting human weakness”: Stoker, “The Censorship of Fiction,” Nineteenth Century & After, September 1908, reprinted in Glimpse of America, pp. 154–61.

“There, outside on the balcony”: Stoker, Lady of the Shroud, pp. 96–97.

“It was all like a dream”: Ibid., p. 104.

“Within, pillowed on soft cushions”: Ibid., p. 130.

“an age when self-seeking women”: Ibid., p. 319.

“My Dear Bram,” he wrote: Letter from Hall Caine to Stoker, March 11, 1910, in Dalby, To My Dear Hommy-Beg, p. 42.

“a most villainous place”: Cobbett, Rural Rides, p. 251.

“the narrow streets of Deal”: Dickens, Bleak House, p. 495.

alternative to the free medical care: For a complete overview of the evolution of these facilities in Victorian times, see Burdett’s Cottage Hospitals.

“May I not help a little”: Letter from Hall Caine to Stoker, March 11, 1910, in Dalby, To My Dear Hommy-Beg, p. 42.

“Indeed I have taken your permission”: Ibid.

“I can stand now”: BEL, p. 115.

“Poor old Bram is no worse”: MUR, p. 266.

dinner party that became notorious: Gogarty, As I Was Going Down Sackville Street, p. 292.

Belford notes: BEL, p. 244.

“my poor wife” as “dead to me”: DRA, p. 158.

“Not much for a living wage”: BEL, p. 315.

“It is harder on poor Florence”: Ibid.

“For some years she flourished”: Stoker, Famous Impostors, p. 239.

“His clean shaven face”: Ibid., p. 275.

dismiss the Bisley Boy as “tommyrot”: “Some Famous Impostors: Mr. Bram Stoker Includes among Them the ‘Man’ Known as Queen Elizabeth,” New York Times, February 26, 1911.

“Mr. Stoker is not indulging”: Ibid.

“The subject of Imposture”: Stoker, holograph manuscript preface (preliminary draft) to Famous Impostors. SFP, TCD.

“The histories of famous cases of imposture”: Stoker, Famous Impostors, p. v.

a few shillings per sitting: MUR, p. 249.

“I wrote you only yesterday with a petition”: Anne Ritchie, letter to Arthur Llewelyn Roberts, Committee of the Royal Literary Fund, February 20, 1911. BLDM.

Stoker wrote personally: Stoker, letter to the Royal Literary Fund, February 25, 1911. BLDM.

“I have enjoyed the privilege”: W. S. Gilbert, letter of support to the Committee of the Royal Literary Fund, February 25, 1911. BDLM.

“This is not a mere formal backing”: Henry F. Strickland, letter of support to the Committee of the Royal Literary Fund, February 24, 1911. BDLM.

“I am looking forward to going”: Florence Stoker, note to unknown addressee, March 9, 1911, reproduced online at bramstokerestate.com.

“The aquiline features which marked them”: LWW, p. 166.

“glowed with a red fiery light”: Ibid., p. 217.

“negroid of the lowest type”: Ibid., p. 178.

“Her dress alone was sufficient”: Ibid., p. 175.

“Hitherto the mongoose”: Ibid., pp. 200–201.

“In the uncertain, tremulous light”: Ibid., p. 211.

“In both of these legends”: “Just Published. New Novel by the Author of Dracula,” Occult Review, Special Number, January 1912; reprinted in Senf, Bram Stoker’s Other Gothics, pp. 39–40.

“I don’t really know what a Gorgon is like”: WIL, p. 335.

“sharper than a serpent’s tooth”: SHA, King Lear (conflated text), act 1, scene 4, line 265, p. 2510.

“There’s hell, there’s darkness”: Ibid., act 4, scene 5, line 124, p. 2551.

“The open well-hole”: LWW, p. 266–67.

“looked as if a sea of blood”: Ibid., p. 364.

“some mountainous mass of flesh”: Ibid.

“After a few minutes”: Ibid., p. 368.

“At last the explosive power”: Ibid., pp. 364–65.

“Mr. Bram Stoker has a genius”: “Current Literature,” Daily Telegraph, November 22, 1911; reprinted in Senf, Bram Stoker’s Other Gothics, pp. 37–38.

“In attempting to exceed the supernatural horrors”: Times Literary Supplement review of The Lair of the White Worm, November 16, 1911, p. 466.

“Since coming to St. Moritz”: Hall Caine, letter to Stoker, January 31, 1912, in Dalby, To My Dear Friend Hommy-Beg, p. 44.

“My dear friend”: Florence Stoker, undated 1912 letter to Hall Caine. Hall Caine Papers, Manx National Heritage.

“Of the devotion of his wife”: Hall Caine, “Bram Stoker: The Story of a Great Friendship,” Daily Telegraph, April 24, 1912.

“the master of a particularly lurid”: “Obituary. Mr. Bram Stoker,” Times (London), April 22, 1912.

“Bram Stoker is to be buried today”: Hall Caine, “Bram Stoker: The Story of a Great Friendship,” Daily Telegraph, April 24, 1912.

“English forsooth!”: “Bram Stoker, Irishman,” Boston Pilot, undated 1913 clipping, reprinted in Stoker, Forgotten Writings, pp. 217–18.

“Bram died of tertiary syphilis”: FAR, p. 233.

cause of death: Stoker death certificate, filed April 22, 1912, county of London, subdistrict of Belgrave. SFP, TCD.

“Tabes, tabes dorsalis, or locomotor ataxia”: Lambkin, Syphilis, p. 96.

“nephritis is of the chronic interstitial variety”: Ibid., p. 81.

“the characteristic gait of ataxia”: Ibid., pp. 100–101.

“the Arylarsonates”: Ibid., p. 172.

“As a cause of aneurysm syphilis stands pre-eminent”: Ibid., p. 89.

“one patient may become hopelessly ataxic”: Ibid., p. 102.

“His wife’s frigidity drove him to other women”: FAR, p. 234.

“Among the treasures”: “Bram Stoker’s Valuable Library to Be Sold,” unsourced, undated 1913 American newspaper clipping, reprinted in Stoker, Forgotten Writings, pp. 243–44.

“I made £400 on the ‘Bram Stoker Library’ ”: MUR, p. 271.

“Two persons have hitherto watched the coming storm”: Stoker, The Russian Professor, undated manuscript fragment. John Moore Library, Dublin.

“Richard Power, the journalist”: Ibid.

“Although he was always drawn to women”: Lawrence, Women in Love, Appendix II (deleted prologue), p. 501.

“To be spiritual, he must have a Hermoine”: Ibid., p. 500.

“Aren’t I enough for you”: Ibid., p. 487.

11. The Curse of Dracula

“painters cannot paint him”: Stoker, Notes, p. 21.

publisher’s initial offer of publication: Publishing contract and correspondence for GUE, December 1913. SFP, TCD.

“A few months before the lamented death”: Stoker, GUE, Appendix I, p. 371.

According to Noel Stoker: Noel Stoker, undated letter fragment to Harry Ludlam, July 24, 1957. SFP, TCD.

“honourable understanding”: Publishing contract and correspondence for GUE, December 1913. SFP, TCD.

“She was teased mercilessly”: Charles Catchpole, “The Last of the Dracula Family—And She Daren’t Even Read the Book!” Daily Mail, August 13, 1979.

“Suffering and grief have shaken men’s hearts”: Albin Grau, “Vampires,” Bühne und Film 21 (1921), reprinted in Bouvier and Leutrat, Nosferatu, pp. 17–20. Translated from German by Jean-Charles Margotton. Translated from French by the author.

“an inoffensive young man”: Gide, Journals, entry for February 27, 1928, pp. 7–8.

Galeen’s script: The Nosferatu screenplay appears only in the British edition of Lotte Eisner’s Murnau, but is worth any researcher’s time to track down.

involved in motion picture negotiations: Florence Stoker to the Society of American Dramatists and Composers, October 12, 1925. BLDM.

“I have been alive for a thousand years”: Rhodes, “Drakula halála: The Screen’s First Dracula,”, p. 37.

retain as much of the original dialogue as possible: Ludlam, My Quest for Bram Stoker, p. 38.

“lived and breathed and looked theatre”: Ibid., pp. 39–40.

“his cloak spread out around him like great wings”: Deane and Balderston, Dracula, p. 3.

appeared in several silent films: I am indebted to John Eastwood for information on his ancestor Edmund Blake, as well as the accompanying, previously unpublished photograph of the actor.

“I was simply coining money”: LUD, p. 156.

The actress Vera Raven recalled: Vera Raven, letter to Harry Ludlam, April 24, 1960. SFP, TCD.

“signs” of a baby being born: Noel Stoker, letter to Harry Ludlam, July 24, 1957. SFP, TCD.

“Just a moment, Ladies and Gentlemen!”: Deane and Balderston, Dracula, p. 150.

“appallingly pompous”: Unsourced clipping, London newspaper review of Dracula, February 20, 1927.

“ill-fitting mask”: Raymond Huntley, letter to the London Evening Standard, February 19, 1927.

“The late Mr. Bram Stoker’s”: Punch review of Dracula, February 23, 1927, p. 218.

“There is very little of Bram Stoker in it”: Times (London) review of Dracula, February 15, 1927.

“Liveright’s critics considered a book publisher’s involvement”: Dardis, Firebrand, p. xiv.

“a Jewish Edgar Allan Poe”: Ibid., p. 291.

“they had cast everybody but the Count”: John L. Balderston Jr., on-camera interview for this author’s DVD documentary The Road to Dracula (Universal Studios Home Video, 1999).

turned down Liveright’s offer: Raymond Huntley, interview with the author, November 1989, London.

“youthful indiscreton”: Ibid.

“I thank you for reminding me of the time”: Deane and Balderston, Dracula, p. 147.

“When Dracula, in reeling”: Jarrett and Steinmeyer, Complete Jarrett, p. 163.

forty-year-old, Dublin-born artist: The outline of Clarke’s life and career is drawn from Bowe, Harry Clarke: The Life and Work.

edition de luxe: Florence Stoker to British Society of Authors correspondence, 1929, various letters, passim. BLDM.

depicted an androgynous, emaciated creature: Reproduced as a text illustration in chapter 1.

“Never before have these marvelous tales”: Bowe, Harry Clarke: His Graphic Art, p. 18.

“sublunar world of phantoms”: Bowe, Harry Clarke: The Life and Work, p. 257.

“Might have been incarnated from the dark”: Bowe, Harry Clarke: His Graphic Art, p. 99.

“Many of [Clark’s] images seem”: Bowe, Harry Clarke: The Life and Work, p. 257.

“one sees monsters in a state”: Bowe, Harry Clarke: His Graphic Work, p. 145.

“I have never heard of”: G. Herbert Thring, Society of Authors, to P. N. Adams, October 8, 1929, BLDM.

“He loved everything macabre”: Carla Laemmle, narration for this author’s DVD documentary The Road to Dracula (Universal Studios Home Video, 1999).

The most elaborate treatment: Bromfield’s full treatment is included in Riley, MagicImage Filmbooks Presents “Dracula,” pp. 42–54.

“In his unnatural unearthly manifestations”: Ibid., p. 49.

NO DETECTIVES! NO TRAP DOORS!: Unsourced 1931 Vancouver, BC, newspaper advertisement for Dracula. Author’s collection.

a fussed-over affair: “Dracula Gets Promotion,” unsourced 1979 newspaper clipping. SFP, TCD.

HORACE ASKS EXTENSION OPTION: Skal, Monster Show, p. 109.

“found a scene of near-total destruction”: Dardis, Firebrand, pp. 348–49.

so frayed he touched them up with ink: Ibid., p. 345.

good friend Stanley Dunn: Price, Vincent Price, p. 66.

company of three much older men: Vincent Price, correspondence with the author, October 1989.

“fabulous” Knightsbridge home: Ibid.

“Oscar’s little water-colour”: BEL, p. 325.

“she is very fond of me”: Price, Vincent Price, p. 66.

“By rights this belongs to you”: FAR, p. 61.

“She thinks I never loved her”: Oscar Wilde to Ellen Terry, January 3, 1881, LET, p. 107.

“the best book I’ve read on poor O”: BEL, p. 325.

“the standpoint of the tomb”: LET, p. 1191.

collection of his short fiction: O’Sullivan’s story collection The Green Window was published in 1899.

“I wanted him to come and see me”: BEL, p. 325.

“there is no more poetical topic”: Edgar Allan Poe, “The Philosophy of Composition” [1846], Essays and Reviews, p. 19.

“The Christian hatred of the funeral pile”: “Is Cremation Christian Burial?,” The Month: A Catholic Magazine and Review, June 1885, p. 13.

“Into the keeping of the lords of the flames”: Dracula’s Daughter (1936), directed by Lambert Hillyer. Universal Studios Home Video DVD. Dialogue transcription by the author.

marvelously chatty reports: Balderston’s letters are quoted extensively in this author’s Hollywood Gothic.

“You have eaten my food, dear friends”: Sherriff, screenplay for Dracula’s Daughter, reprinted in Riley, James Whale’s “Dracula’s Daughter,” pp. 41–42.

“There’s no need for my little girl to be afraid”: Ibid., p. 47.

“The girl, as if fighting”: Ibid., 49.

“The CAMERA focuses on the terrified Baron”: Ibid., p. 62.

“The CAMERA sweeps”: Ibid., pp. 65–66.

“Mercedes was notorious”: Schanke, “That Furious Lesbian,” p. 1.

cultural visibility: See this author’s Monster Show, pp. 195–200, for a detailed account of Universal’s censorship struggle over Dracula’s Daughter.

judged the film as “horrific”: “Dracula’s Daughter Ban,” Times (London), July 11, 1936.

“an unnecessary number of films”: “Classified as ‘Horrific,’ ” Times (London), July 21, 1936.

proposal to publish an all-new serial: Correspondence between Noel Stoker, the Incorporated Society of Authors, and Amalgamated Press, September 1937 to January 1938. BLDM.

ever since he interviewed Bela Lugosi: Ludlam, My Quest for Bram Stoker, p. 1.

“I look into the mirror”: Ibid., p. 3.

“I have to remind you”: Ibid., p. 15.

“not to include anything”: Ibid.

pocket-sized Armed Forces Edition: For a complete overview of the Armed Services Editions program and its cultural impact, see Manning, When Books Went to War.

“Just so long as I don’t have to imitate Bela!”: Producer Richard Gordon, in conversation with the author, 1999.

“The process went like this”: Christopher Lee, interviewed in Landis, Monsters in the Movies, p. 45.

“How interesting!”: Shane Briant, correspondence with author, October 8, 2009.

“that BRAM should continue writing”: Don Houghton, screenplay treatment for Victim of His Imagination, January 1972, p. 9.

“a perpetually returning theme”: Ibid., p. 15.

“These words seem to stick”: Ibid.

“BRAM is quiet, contemplative”: Ibid., p. 29.

“When did I realize I was homosexual?”: Farson, Never a Normal Man, p. 86.

“Many were disposed of”: FAR, p. 40.

“I recall the glee”: Farson, Never a Normal Man, p. 154.

“easily bribed by champagne”: Farson, Gilded Gutter Life of Francis Bacon, p. 212.

“One Christmas I had a crucial meeting”: Ibid., p. 212.

“sense of otherness”: Robin Carmody, “Daniel Farson” (Transdiffusion Broadcasting System website feature article), October 1, 2006, transdiffusion.org/2006/10/01/daniel_farson.

“plain indication of most kinds of sexual perversions”: Jones, On the Nightmare, p. 98.

Farson was “petrified”: Robin Carmody, “Daniel Farson” (Transdiffusion Broadcasting System website feature article, October 1, 2006, transdiffusion.org/2006/10/01/daniel_farson.

“mongrels” and “coffee coloured imps”: Farson’s interview with Wentworth Day is included in the 1958 television documentary “People in Trouble: Mixed Marriages,” available at youtube.com/watch?v=ybqLRF1zFUI.

“I hesitated to include this”: FAR, p. 234.

became “very antisex”: Ibid., pp. 213–14.

wrote to the medical school: Letter from Trinity College Dublin medical school to Ann Stoker Dobbs. SFP, TCD.

Ann was initially agreeable: Correspondence between Ann Stoker Dobbs and the Rosenbach Library and Museum. SFP, TCD.

“Isn’t it awful to confess?”: Charles Catchpole, “The Last of the Dracula Family—And She Daren’t Even Read the Book!” Daily Mail, August 13, 1979.

“the macabre streak”: Noel Stoker, undated letter to Harry Ludlam, SFP, TCD.

“I had one terrible shock”: Charles Catchpole, “The Last of the Dracula Family—And She Daren’t Even Read the Book!” Daily Mail, August 13, 1979.

“I never believed in cashing in on my family name”: Ibid.

“All those Dracula Society people”: Ibid.

“the thesis of In Search of Dracula”: Margalit Fox, “Radu R. Florescu, Scholar Who Linked Dracula and Vlad the Impaler, Dies at 88,” New York Times, May 27, 2014.

“I do not dispute”: Elizabeth Miller, “Count Dracula and Vlad Tepes˛: Filing for Divorce,” in Miller, Dracula: The Shade and the Shadow, p. 175.

“High camp always has an underlying seriousness”: Isherwood, World in the Evening, p. 110.

“A very good friend of mine produced it”: Quotes by Edward Gorey on Dracula are taken from a documentary by Christopher Seufert titled “Edward Gorey Dracula Animation,” excerpted on YouTube: youtube.com/watch?v=6myUHZlwcWs&feature=youtu.be.

“The set is more menacing”: Mel Gussow, “Gorey Goes Batty,” p. 42.

“faggot nonsense”: See Christopher Bram, Eminent Outlaws, pp. 224 and 346, for an examination of Simon’s incendiary comments, and variant versions of them reported in the New York media.

“Homosexuals in the theatre!”: Ibid.

“rather like a sophomoric parody of Noël Coward”: John Simon, “Dingbat,” New York Magazine, November 7, 1977, p. 75.

“too much of a presence in the drawing room”: Dan Sullivan, syndicated Los Angeles Times theatre review of Dracula in the Louisville Courier Journal and Times, December 11, 1977.

“Mr. Langella, accomplished craftsmen”: Rex Reed, “Cult of the Count,” New York Sunday News, October 30, 1977.

pronounced Yugoslavian accent: John Simon, “The Critic, Public and Private,” December 11, 2011, uncensoredjohnsimon.blogspot.com.

“crucified”: Lauren Wissot, “Talking Legends with Terence Stamp,” filmmakermagazine.com, February 8, 2013.

“It took the industry ten years”: James Abbott, “Frank Langella at the Cornell Club,” November 14, 2011, thejadesphinx.blogspot.com/search/label/Frank Langella.

“The CAMERA pans over the wallpaper”: Ken Russell, unproduced screenplay of Dracula (1977). Author’s collection. All quotations are from the same source.

“thoughts that do not go to church on Sunday”: Lazar, Ghost Epigrams, p. 25.