Subheadings are arranged in alphabetical order. Page numbers in italic denote illustrations.
Page numbers in bold denote information boxes.
Agamemnon, HMS 212
air operations 92, 94, 94, 196-8
aircraft
Allenby, General Sir Edmund 174, 175
at Gaza 178
Jerusalem 180
Jordan, First Battle of 184, 186
Palestine 152, 174, 175, 183, 190, 191
training methods in Palestine 187-8
Allied troops
casualties in Middle East 217
Dardanelles deployment 115
entry into Damascus 200
entry into Hedjaz 199
stretcher bearers 115
taking medication 111
Allies
horror at Armenian massacres 123
misappraisal of Ottoman Army 14, 18, 46-7
war objectives 20
ANZAC (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps) 97, 98, 100, 107, 108-9, 114
cavalry 213
Dardanelles 60, 62, 64, 68, 70, 75, 75-6, 83
Gallipoli 81
gunners in actions 101
infantry 71
New Zealand Mounted Rifles 166
recruitment poster 91
Suez Canal 43
Sulva Bay 99
Aqaba 181
Arab Revolt 162-4, 181, 181, 193
massacres and atrocities 120, 123, 124-5, 209
relocation 120, 123, 123, 124-5
Armenian National Army 203
Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Dashnaks) 20, 40, 119, 120, 202
Armenian troops 120, 121, 206, 206
Army of Islam 201, 206-7, 208-9
artillery
German 18, 18 , 21, 57, 110, 126-7, 170, 190
Indian 134
Ashmead-Bartlett, Ellis 109
Asia Minor 1914 (map) 15
Ataturk see Kemal (Ataturk)
Austrian troops, Jerusalem 30, 160-1, 174
Aylmer, Lieutenant-General Sir F.J .138, 140
Baghdad 146-51, 149, 170-1, 173
Baku 201, 206, 207, 207-9, 208, 209
Balkan Wars (1912-13) 13, 14, 14, 15, 16, 29, 35, 51, 54, 119
Beck, Captain, F.R. 106
Beersheba 162, 176-9, 178, 179
Ben-My-Chree, HMS 94
Berlin Treaty 12
Birdwood, Lieutenant-General Sir William 62, 76, 111
Bouvet 60
Breslau 23
Brest-Litovsk Treaty 201, 202, 205
Britain
Dardanelles Committee 95
declares war on Ottoman Empire 25
Eastern Question 11
5th Norfolks 106
artillery 192
casualties 88, 90, 114, 137, 140, 143, 169, 201
Desert Mounted Corps 175
en route to Dardanelles 68
entering Baghdad 149
garrison in Egypt 43
Hampshire Regiment 78
Imperial Camel Corps 166
King’s Own Scottish Borderers 79
Kitchener’s New Armies 98, 99, 114
Lancashire Fusiliers 73, 74, 78
London Regiment 185
on the march 150
Munster Fusiliers 78
officer in gas mask 153
Oxford battalion 137
in Sinai 166
Staff Headquarters, Gallipoli 95
at surrender of Jerusalem 180
troop numbers on Ottoman front 30
water supply 136
British artillery
94th Heavies 176
gun barge 154
howitzer 110
Lee-Enfield Mk II rifle 174
Lewis light machine guns 175
Maxim .45 Mk 1 19
British Expeditionary Force (BEF) 19, 65
Brooke, Rupert 102
Brusilov Offensive 158
Cape Helles 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 87, 96-7, 99-100, 113
Carden, Vice Admiral Sir Sackville 55, 56-7, 59-60
Carver, Field Marshal 217
1914 28
1914-1915 (map) 34
casualties 157
Sarikamis 34, 34-41, 35, 36, 46-7, 56
Gaza 167
Raid on the Sublime Porte 13
Young Turks 12
Central Powers alliance 130
Chauvel, Sir Henry 175
Churchill, Winston 25, 55-6, 60, 62, 95, 114, 212, 215
Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) see Young Turks
Ctesiphon, Battle of 131-5, 132, 135
Cunliffe-Owen, Lieutenant-Colonel 18
CUP see Young Turks
Damascus-Medina railway 162
Admiralty chart 56
Allied submarines 69
ANZAC 81
Anzac Beach 69-76, 70, 72, 80, 83, 100
Cape Helles 73, 74, 75, 76 , 76-8, 77, 87, 96-7, 99-100
Chanak Kale Fortified Area Command 51, 65
deadlock, planning to break 95
French troops 64
Italian-Turkish War (1911-12) 15
Ottoman coastal defences 48-9, 50, 51, 58, 59
Dardanelles Committee 109
de Robeck, Admiral Sir John 59, 60, 213
DeLisle, Major-General Sir Beauvoir106, 107
Dobell, General 169
Dunsterville, Major-General L.C. 207-9, 209
E11 69
E14 69
Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) 167, 169, 175, 187, 190-1, 192
Enver Pasha 12
Arab Revolt 162
Armenian evacuation plan 123, 124
Caucasus 27, 152, 155, 202, 206
First Suez offensive 42
Palestine 170, 171-2, 173, 184
Raid on the Sublime Porte 13
Sarikamis campaign 34-5, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41
Secret Treaty of Alliance 20
sends troops to Europe157, 158
stormtroops formation 171
taking Empire towards war 20, 24, 25, 26
troops against Romania 159
Erin, HMS 24
Esat Pasha 52, 55, 68, 73, 80, 82, 87, 88, 101, 108
Euryalus, HMS 73
Falkenhayn, General Erich von 159
Gaza-Beersheba line 174, 176-7, 178
relieved of duty 184
Romanian campaign 159
Forshaw, Lieutenant, W.T. 107
France
declares war on Ottoman Empire 25
Eastern Question 11
Frankenberg, Colonel von 34
Corps Expéditionnaire d’Orient 63
Kum Kale landing 85
British soldiers 89
bunkers 79
first week on the Peninsula 82-8
Ottoman trench systems 54
Ottoman troops 84
Vineyard 107
see also Dardanelles; Sulva Bay
Gallipoli (film) 101
Gaulois 60
Gaza 167, 167-9, 168, 176-9, 178, 179, 196
Gaza-Beersheba line 169, 172, 173, 174, 176-7
Georgian troops 207
German Army 206
Abou Augeileh station 20
commander, Mesopotamia 138
troop numbers on Ottoman front 30
German artillery 21
120mm Krupp Howitzer M1905 190
machine guns 18
Mauser Gewehr 98 rifle 170
Maxim Maschinengewehr ‘08 18
German Military Mission 18, 20, 20, 40
German Navy, bombardment of Russian ports 25
Germany
military influence 20
Schlieffen Plan 26
Secret Treaty of Alliance 20, 21, 29
Goeben, SMS 23, 23-5, 24-5, 214-15, 215
Goliath, HMS 66
Goltz, Colmar von der 20, 62, 137, 139, 146
guerrilla warfare 193
Hafiz Hakki Bey 33, 34, 35, 36, 39, 41, 117
Halil Bey
Kut al-Amara 139, 140, 142, 143, 144, 147-9, 150-1
Hamidieh 65
Hamilton, General Sir Ian 60
Anzac beach landings 76
replaced by Monro 109
return to London 114
Sulva Bay 95, 98, 99, 103, 104-5, 106
Hammersley, Major-General 101, 104, 106
Hunter-Weston, Major-General Aylmer 69, 78-9, 85, 86-7, 88, 89, 95
Hussein ibn Ali 163, 164, 181, 218
Implacable, HMS 73
Indian Army
6th Indian Division (Poona Division) 28, 29
Ctesiphon, Battle of 131-2, 133
Egypt 43
Gallipoli 88
Megiddo, Battle of 192
soldier 31
Suvla Bay 105
with Turkish prisoners, Jericho 189
Inflexible, HMS 60
Irresistible, HMS 60
Islam, Army of 201, 206-7, 208-9
Italian-Turkish War (1911-12) 15
Izzet Pasha 156, 170, 171, 177, 178, 200
Jerusalem 28
aerial photograph 197
Austrian troops 30, 160-1, 174
military parade 212
Jihad recruitment 26
Jonquil 103
Kadri, Major 77
Kannengiesser, Colonel Hans 101
Kazim Bey, Colonel 149
Kemal (Ataturk) 66
Anzac Beach 66, 70, 71, 72-3, 75, 76, 83-4
command of Yildirim Army Group 200
condemned German influence 173
Gallipoli 84
Great Offensive 35
Megiddo, Battle of 192
nationalist government 219
Young Turks 12
Kenna, Brigadier-General 107
Kitchener, General Herbert Horatio Dardanelles Committee 95
Gallipoli campaign 88, 98, 106, 107, 109, 111, 114
MEF, error over strength 62
Secretary of State for War 56
Kressenstein, Friedrich Kress von 40, 163, 205-6
at funeral in Georgia 202
Ottoman stormtroops 171
Krithia 79, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90
Kum Kale 57, 59, 61, 68, 69, 80, 85
Kut al-Amara 129, 131, 135-7, 148-50
Arab prisoners 141
British forces captured 143
Ottoman troops with mortar 140
Second Battle (map) 147
Lager, Baron 163
Lausanne Treaty 219
Lawrence, T.E. (Lawrence of Arabia) 163, 164, 180, 181, 181, 193, 193, 199, 218
Liman von Sanders, Otto 62
Arab Revolt 181
declined Third Army command, Anatolia 34
Gallipoli Peninsula, British evacuation 113
Gallipoli Peninsula troops 92
German Military Mission 18, 20
Krithia, Battle of 87
at Megiddo 189, 191-2, 193, 195, 196
offered Yildirim Army Group 184
Ottoman First Army command 24
relieved of command 200
Sarikamis 36
Sulva Bay 99, 102, 103, 106, 110
Lindley, Major-General 106
Lloyd George, David 56
Longford, Brigadier-General 107
‘lost haversack’ episode 176, 177
Mackensen, General August von 159
MacLagan, Brigadier Sinclair 70-1
Mahmut Sabri, Major 78, 79, 84, 86
Majestic, HMS 91
Maude, General Sir Frederick Stanley 146-7, 148, 148, 149-50, 151
Maxwell, Major-General Sir John 43
McMahon, Sir Henry 218
Mecidiye 36
Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (MEF) 61
Megiddo, Battle of (Nablus Plain) 175, 189, 192-6, 194
Meinertzhagen, Major Richard 176, 177
British artillery landing 129
British casualties 137, 140, 143
British foothold 29
British forces captured at Kut al-Amara 143
British officer wearing gas mask 153
Ctesiphon, Battle of 131-5, 132, 135
German commanders 138
Kut al-Amara 138-44, 139, 140, 141, 147
map 46
Ottoman commanders 138
Ottoman prisoners 133
Treaty of Sèvres 219
Middle East
1914 (map) 15
armistice 152
Milbanke, Colonel Sir John 107
Monro, General Sir Charles 109-10, 111, 113
Moorehead, Alan 114
Morosini 15
Muavenet 67
Mudros 64, 64, 65, 68, 212, 212
Murdoch, Keith Arthur 109
Murray, General Sir Archibald 164, 166, 167, 169
Mustafa Kemal see Kemal (Ataturk)
Nazareth 195
Nixon, General 135
Nurettin Pasha (Nur ud Din Pasha)130-1, 132-3, 133, 134, 136-7, 139
Ocean, HMS 60
Oppen, Colonel von 192
Anatolian Army Group 156
Beersheba 179
bodies, Jerusalem 186
capability 41
captured by Russians 117
casualties 14, 84, 88, 114-15, 128, 134, 137, 140, 156, 157, 159, 200
casualties, Middle East total 217
Caucasian Corps 157, 201-2, 203
cavalry (Hamidiye cavalry) 37
commander, Mesopotamia 138
Constantinople Fire Brigade 35
encirclement operations 35
following the armistice 212-13
Hafir el-Aujar army base 170-1
infantrymen 112
Machine-Gun Corps 172
medical services 45
Mehmetciks 114
misappraisal by Allied leaders 14, 18, 46-7
in Palestine 169-74, 188-9, 191, 195
prisoners 117, 133, 148, 157, 182-3, 188
private, Gallipoli 114
rations 195
regimental standard 168
rifleman en route to war 38
in Salonika 158
tactical schools 172
transportation 112
triangular infantry divisions 116
troop columns marching 27
Ottoman First Army 24
Ottoman Second Army 66, 155, 156, 157, 201
Ottoman Third Army 34, 35, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 46, 66, 117, 118, 122, 152, 154, 156-7, 201, 202-3, 205, 206
Ottoman Fourth Army 14, 34, 41, 47, 162, 167, 169, 184, 192, 199
Ottoman Fifth Army 62, 65-6, 67, 68-9, 70, 82, 83, 87, 92, 108, 113, 114
Ottoman Seventh Army 170, 173, 177, 178, 179, 192, 195, 199
Ottoman Eighth Army 40, 173, 177, 178, 179, 191, 192, 193, 195
Ottoman artillery 14, 21, 96-7, 190
Ottoman Empire 218
declaration of war by Russia, Britain and France 25-6
historical background to war 10-16
opponents 16
reluctance to participate in war 19-23
Secret Treaty of Alliance 20, 21, 29
Ottoman Military Academy 14, 20
Ottoman Special Organization (SO) 40, 42
Ottoman Yildirim Army Group 170, 172, 173, 174, 178, 180, 184, 188, 189, 192, 199, 200, 213
Palestine
Megiddo, Battle of 189, 192-6, 194
Ottoman Fourth Army capabilities 47
Treaty of Sèvres 219
Persia 40, 144-6, 204, 205, 209
Picot, François Georges 218, 218
Queen Elizabeth, HMS 56
Raid on the Sublime Porte 13, 23
Reki Bey 17
Reshadiye 24
River Clyde 78
Robinson, Lieutenant-Commander E.G. 61
Romania 159
Royal Air Force, aerial photography 197
Royal Flying Corps 94, 141, 196
Royal Naval Air Service 141
Royal Navy
submarines 69
Suez Canal 41
Royal Naval Division 61, 62-3, 69, 88, 114, 115
Russia
bombardment of ports by German Navy 25
declares war on Ottoman Empire 25
Eastern Question 11
loss of access to Mediterranean 30
Russian Army 19, 34, 144-5, 152, 154, 155, 156, 201
Ottoman Front troop numbers 30
Sarikamis 36
sharpshooters 118
Tabriz 205
Russian Black Sea Fleet 25, 203
Russian naval cadets, Batum 204
Russo-Turkish War (1877-78 ) 11, 11, 13, 15, 37
Salmond, Sir John 197
San Remo Conference 218
sanjacklar 169
Sarikamis 34, 34-41, 35, 36, 46-7, 56, 204
Saros, Gulf of 68, 69, 70, 80, 82
Schellendorf, Colonel Bronsart von 27, 33, 35, 36, 38, 41, 170
Schlieffen Plan 35
Schulenberg, Count von 206
Secret Treaty of Alliance 20, 21, 29
Sedd el Bahr 57, 59, 61, 76, 77, 78, 79, 82, 97
Seeckt, General Hans von 206
Seven Pillars of Wisdom: a Triumph (Lawrence) 164
Shefik, Lieutenant-Colonel 70, 71, 72-3
Skeen, Colonel 98
Sodenstern, Colonel von 68, 87, 88
Souchon, Rear Admiral Wilhelm 23-5, 26
Stopford, Lieutenant-General, Hon. Sir Frederick 98, 99, 100, 101, 103-5, 106
Sudanese deserters as Ottoman guides 47
Suffren 60
August offensive 99-104, 106-11
perimeter 103
terrain features (map) 102
Sykes-Picot Agreement 218, 218-19
Syria 198-201, 199, 200, 218, 219
Townshend, General Charles V.F. 131, 142
armistice negotiations 212
Ctesiphon advance (map) 135
entering captivity 145
Trans-Caucasian Federation Republic 205, 206
triangular infantry divisions 116
Trice, Corporal 129
Turkey 219
see also Ottoman Empire
Turkish Army see Ottoman Army
U21 91
Unwin, Commander Edward 78
Vehip Pasha 100, 108, 155, 156-7, 201, 203, 205, 206
Versailles Treaty (1919) 218
Wangenheim, Hans von 20, 21, 23, 24, 26
Wheeler, Major George Godfrey 128
Williams, Able Seaman 78
Willis, Captain, Richard Raymond 73, 74
Yahya, Sergeant 79
Young Turks
Arab Revolt 162
armistice 211
deposition of Abdülhamid II 22
formation of 12
Ottoman Army improvements 16
reluctance to participate in war 19-21, 24
troops in Pera 21