23 Sharpe to Warren, August 23, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 504, Roll 198.
24 Statement of Lieut. Charles H. Shepherd, February 2, 1863 & Statement of Anne Jones, March 14, 1864, NARA, RG 94, Entry 286, Special File No. 19, Box 1 of 2. Jones would spend three months in the Capitol Prison where the warden would state that she received more privileges than any other female prisoner had ever had. Due to the intervention of Rep. (D) Fernando Wood on her behalf, Lincoln gave her a pardon since no evidence of spying was ever brought to light. She eventually did serve as a nurse at Vicksburg in 1864.
25 “Confiscation of Immoral Material,” The Semi-Wisconsin (Milwaukee, WI), December 30, 1863, p. 1. “Application for Miss Annie E. Jones to remain with the Army,” August 18, 1863 & Sharpe’s negative endorsement, August 20, 1863, NARA, RG 393, Part 1, Entry 4036, p. 23.
26 “120th Regiment Infantry New York Volunteers, Civil War Newspaper Clippings,” Unit History Project, https://dmna.ny.gov/historic/reghist/civil/infantry/120thInf/120thInfCWN.htm.
27 Babcock’s Journal, RG 393, Part 1, Entry 3988, pp. 1–133.
28 “Rebel News—General Lee’s Army,” undated New York Herald article, probably early September 1863, Babcock’s Journal, RG 393, Part 1, Entry 3988, pp. 146–47.
29 Sharpe to Humphreys, August 4, 1864, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 4; Lee to Davis, August 17, 1863, Robert E. Lee, Lee’s Dispatches: Unpublished Letters of Robert E. Lee, C. S. A., to Jefferson Davis and the War Department of the Confederate States of America 1862–1865, Douglas Southhall Freeman, ed. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1957), pp. 122–24.
30 Sharpe to Humphreys, August 4, 1864, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 4.
31 Sharpe to Humphreys, August 4, 1864, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 4; Walter H. Taylor, General Lee: His Campaigns in Virginia, 1861–1865 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1994) pp. 219–20.
32 Sharpe to Humphreys, August 4, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34; OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, pp. 3–4
33 “From Gen. Meade’s Army,” Sunbury American (Sunbury, PA), August 22, 1863, p. 3; Humphreys to 1st Corps Commander, August 15, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 49; George Gordon Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade, Vol. 2 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1913), p. 143.
34 McPhail to Sharpe, August 17, 1863, NARA, M2096, Roll 34.
35 Sharpe to Humphreys, August 23, 1963, NARA, Entry 112 and RG 393, Entry 3980.
36 Sharpe to Humphreys, August 20, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Boxes 34 & 45; August 24 & 29, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 45; September 1, 1863; NARA, Entry 112 and RG 393, Entry 3980.
37 Sharpe & Babcock to Humphreys, September 12, 1863, NARA, Entry 112 and RG 393, Entry 3980.
38 James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (New York: Mallard Press, 1991), p. 435.
39 Babcock’s Journal, entry for September 9, 1863, NARA, RG 393, Entry 3988, p. 27.
40 Sharpe to Humphreys, September 9, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 45.
41 Babcock’s Journal, entry for September 9, 1863, NARA, RG 393, Entry 3988, p. 29.
42 Sharpe to Humphreys, September 14 and 15, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Rolls 34 & 45; Meade to Halleck, September 14, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, pp. 177–78; Sharpe to Humphreys, September 18, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 45.
43 Meade to Halleck 10:30 p.m., September 14, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, pp. 179–189.
44 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, September 18, 1863, Sharpe Collection.
45 Sharpe to Humphreys, September 14, 1863, Entry 112 and RG 393, Entry 3980; Sharpe to Humphreys, October 15, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45; Garfield to Granger, September 16, 1863, OR, Vol. 30, Part 3, p. 687; Fishel, pp. 541–42; Rosecrans to Meade, October 18, 1863, OR, Vol. 30, Part 4, p. 456.
46 Sharpe to Humphreys, October 1, 1863; OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, pp. 28, 118, & 126.
47 Sharpe to Humphreys, October 4, 1863, Entry 112 and RG 393, Entry 3980.
48 McPhail to Sharpe, October 4, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2906, Roll 35.
49 Meade to Halleck, October 7, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 262; Halleck to Meade, October 7, 1863; OR, Series 1, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 262; Sharpe to Humphreys, October 8, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 45; Sharpe to Humphreys, October 8, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 45.
50 Sharpe to Humphreys, October 10, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45; Meade to Halleck, October 10, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 279.
51 Graham to Sharpe, October 19, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 358; NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 35.
52 Sharpe to Graham, October 16, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 504, Roll 198.
53 Meade to Halleck and Sharpe to Humphreys, October 23, 1863, Vol. 29, Part 2, pp. 370–71, Microcopy 504, Roll 198.
54 Lincoln to Halleck, October 24, 1863, Vol. 29, Part 2, pp. 375–76.
55 Lee to Longstreet, October 26, 1863, cited in Longstreet, p. 470.
56 Sharpe to Humphreys endorsed by Meade to Halleck, October 23, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 592. Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, February 24, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
57 Sharpe to Humphreys, November 29, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 512.
58 Marsena Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army: The Diary of Marsena Rudolph Patrick, Provost Marshal General, Army of the Potomac, diary entry for October 5, 1863 (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1964), p. 292.
59 “Reunions of the Blue and Gray,” The Atlanta Constitution, May 27, 1894; “Story by General Sharpe,” Weekly Leader, Kingston, NY, June 14, 1902; “Tales Worth Telling,” The Times (Philadelphia), June 3, 1902. Sometime between the first article in 1891 relating his incident and those of 1902, the 137th RI became the 147th RI.
60 “Army of the Potomac—Interesting Items,” National Republican, August 28, 1863, p. 2.
61 Report of Capt. Abram L. Lockwood, October 12, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, pp. 328–29.
62 Van Santvoord, p. 90.
63 Report of Captain Lockwood.
64 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, October 18, 1863, Sharpe Collection.
65 Van Santvoord, p. 168.
66 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, October 18, 1863, Sharpe Collection.
67 Humphreys to Sharpe, November 1, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
68 Meade to Halleck, November 2, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, pp. 409–10.
69 Meade to Halleck, November 4, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 415.
70 Sharpe to Patrick, November 10, 1863, NARA, RG 504, Entry 303; Sharpe to Humphreys, November 11, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
71 Lee to Davis, November 12, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 832.
72 Lee to Davis & Lee to Seddon, November 12, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, pp. 832–33.
73 Pleasonton to Humphreys, November 15, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, p. 927.
74 Sharpe to Humphreys, November 14, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
75 Humphreys to Meade, November 14, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 454.
76 Sharpe to Humphreys, November 16, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45. “Uproar in Fredericksburg 150 years later, Part 2: the end of Union, March 11, 1861,” Fredericksburg Remembered; https://fredericksburghistory.wordpress.com/2011/03/10/uproar-in-fredericksburg-150-years-later-part-2-the-end-of-union-march-11-1861/, accessed November 9, 2015. Roger Pickenpaugh, Captives in Gray: The Civil War Prisons of the Union (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 2009), p. 7.
77 Sharpe to Humphreys, November 19, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
78 Lawton to Lee, November 12, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, pp. 784–85.
79 Sharpe to Humphreys, November 19, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
80 Sharpe to Humphreys, November 20 & 22, 1863, NARA Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
81 Sharpe to Humphreys, November 21, 1863, NARA Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
82 Patrick, diary entry for November 26, 1863, which covered the period through December 2, 1863, pp. 313–19.
83 Patrick Diary, entry for December 12, 1863, p. 323.
84 Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin, eds, The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee (New York: Da Capo Press, 1987), p. 693; Ryan, “Questioning Rebels pays off at Gettysburg,” ibid.
85 Thomas J. Ryan, “Questioning Rebels pays off at Gettysburg”; OR, Serial 3, Vol. 4, p. 118; Sharpe to Martindale, December 12, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45; NARA, Military Service Record of Brevet Maj. Gen. George H. Sharpe.
86 Sharpe to Humphreys, December 9 & 14, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
87 Babcock Report, December 12, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45; Sharpe to Humphreys, December 11 & 12, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
88 McEntee to Sharpe, May 31, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34.
89 Sharpe to Humphreys, September 30, 1863; NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 45; Peter G. Tsouras, ed., Scouting for Grant and Meade: The Reminiscences of Judson Knight, Chief of Scouts, Army of the Potomac (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2013), pp. 50–53, contains Carney’s own account of his capture. That capture is also referenced in Humphreys to Warren, August 21, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 84.
90 Kilpatrick to Cohen (Pleasonton), August 21, 1863, OR, Vol. 33, p. 84; Taylor to King, August 4, 1863, OR, Vol. 33, p. 63. Sharpe’s interrogation of Curtis Merritt, undated but apparently in the winter, on the flyleaf of Babcock’s Journal.
91 Special Order No. 127, Office of the Provost Marshal General, December 23, 1863, NARA, RG 393, Part 1, Entry 4052.
92 Meade to Halleck, December 2, 1863, OR, Vol. 29, Part 2, p. 571.
93 McEntee to Williams, December 28, 1863 and McEntee to Patrick, January 9, 1864, NARA, Military Service Record of John M. McEntee (NARA); Sharpe to Williams, January 5, 1864, Military Personnel File of George H. Sharpe; Special Order No. 31, January 21, 1864, War Department, Military Service Record of George H. Sharpe; Gates Diary, entry for February 15, 1864, pp. 126–27. Gates had returned to Kingston with the men who had reenlisted and were thus awarded furloughs.
94 Fishel, pp. 195, 427–28, 455.
95 McPhail to Sharpe, December 31, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 34.
96 Sharpe, December 18, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 345, RG 106.
97 Sharpe, January 9, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 345, RG 109, Roll 0282.
98 Sharpe to Comstock, January 1867, Van Lew Papers, Rare Books and Manuscripts Division, New York Public Library.
99 New York Herald, August 14, 1862, as quoted in Varon, Southern Lady, p. 88; “The Prisoners from Richmond,” The New York Times, August 17, 1862, p. 5.
100 Varon, Southern Lady, p. 111.
1 Sharpe to Williams, January 5, 1864, Military Service Record of George H. Sharpe (NARA); Special Order No. 31, January 21, 1864, War Department; Gates Diary, entry for February 15, 1864, pp. 126–27. Gates had returned to Kingston with the men who had reenlisted and were thus awarded furloughs; NARA, Microcopy 473, Roll 269, p. 445, also Microcopy 504, Roll 303; C. Van Santvoord, One Hundred and Twentieth Regiment New York State Volunteers, A Narrative of its Services in the War for the Union (Cornwallville, NY: Hope Farm Press, 1983), p. 264.
2 The National Tribune, April 29, 1886.
3 “The Knickerbocker Kitchen,” The New York Times, May 1, 1864; C. A. Winchell, “Old Timer’s Civil War Notes,” The Kingston Daily Freeman, December 29, 1961, p. 2.
4 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, March 16, 1864, Sharpe Collection; Special Orders No. 84, War Department; Adjutant General’s Office, Washington, February 20, 1864, Military Service Record of C. D. Westbrook (NARA); Van Santvoord, p. 235.
5 Sharpe to Humphreys, January 1, 1964, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
6 Patrick, Special Order No. 1, January 7, 1864, Provost Marshal Department, NARA, RG 393, Part 1, Entry 4052.
7 Sharpe to Humphreys, NARA, January 5, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34; January 1, 3, 4, 5 (2), 8, 10, 1864, RG 2096, Rolls 34 & 45.
8 McPhail to Sharpe, January 4, 16 (2), 1863, and McEntee to Patrick, February 2, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 34.
9 McPhail to Sharpe, March 25, 1863, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34.
10 McPhail to Sharpe, February 14 & March 24, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34.
11 Sharpe to Humphreys, January 10, 1864, NARA, Entry 112 and RG 393, Entry 3980; Lee to Davis, January 11, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 1076–77.
12 Sharpe to Humphreys, March 1, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34.
13 Abstracts from the field return of the Army of Northern Virginia, January–April 1864, OR, Vol. XXXIII; “The 1st Virginia (Irish) Battalion at Kernstown, 1862,” http://irishamericancivilwar.com/2012/07/22/the-1st-virginia-irish-battalion-at-kernstown-1862/, accessed April 6, 2014.
14 Patrick McEneany, “Gettysburg: Snapshot Impressions of a Great Battle as Told by the Chief of Orderlies,” The National Tribune, March 22, 1900, p. 7. McEneany was assigned to the headquarters, Army of the Potomac, from December 1862 to March 1864 when he transferred to the scouts of the BMI.
15 Sharpe to Humphreys, February 26, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
16 Sharpe to Humphreys, March 3, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
17 McPhail to Sharpe, February 14, 1863, OR, Vol. 33, p. 559; Library of Congress, Papers of U. S. Grant, Series 5, Reel 28, Vol. 94, p. 280; OR, Vol. 33, pp. 1075 & 1135.
18 “Last Days of the Confederacy,” New York Times, January 21, 1876.
19 Elizabeth R. Varon, Southern Lady, Yankee Spy: The True Story of Elizabeth Van Lew, A Union Agent in the Heart of the Confederacy (New York: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 111–12.
20 Van Lew to Butler, January 30, 1863, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 519–21.
21 Theodore Lyman, entry for February 5, 1864, Meade’s Headquarters: From the Wilderness to Appomattox (Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1922), p. 68.
22 Sedgwick to Butler, February 4, 1863, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 512–13. Van Lew to Butler, January 30, 1863, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 519–21. Halleck to Sedgwick, February 4, 1863, OR, Vol. 33, p. 514.
23 Van Lew to Butler, January 30; Butler to Stanton, February 5, 1863, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 519–51.
24 Statement of George H. Sharpe in U.S. Senate, Report No. 821, 48th Congress, 1st Session, Report to accompany bill S. 1192, July 1, 1884, Pension File of William J. Lee; Statement of George H. Sharpe in U.S. Senate, Report No. 467, 50th Congress, 1st Session, Report to accompany bill S. 1192, March 6 1889, Pension File of Judson Knight (NARA); Sharpe to Hancock, May 2, 1864, OR, Vol. 34, Part 2, p. 3.4
25 Judson Knight, “How Scouts Worked: Serg’t Knight Tells How They Went About Getting Information,” The National Tribune, March 2, 1892; Sharpe to Butler, March 3, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 504, Roll 303.
26 Knight, March 2, 1892.
27 John Dahlgren, Memoir of Ulric Dahlgren (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1872), pp. 198–200.
28 Undated extract of unidentified document, in the hand of George H. Sharpe, BMI.
29 Conversation with William Feis, September 27, 2006.
30 William Gilmore Beymer, Scouts and Spies of the Civil War (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003), pp. 71–72.
31 Williams to Pleasonton, February 11, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 52–55; Samuel J. Martin, Kill-Cavalry: The Life of Union General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2000), pp. 148–49.
32 Martin, pp. 150–51.
33 Feis, p. 304 n. 38. McEntee and Cline accompanied Kilpatrick’s column and were not with Dahlgren on the expedition; Babcock, untitled record of military service, Babcock Collection; Patrick Diary, entry for February 27, 1864, pp. 338–41; Babcock to Dahlgren, undated, but probably February 26, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, Part 1, p. 221; Aylett to Winder, March 15, 1864, OR, Series 2, Vol. 6, Part 1, p. 1053.
34 Sharpe to Dahlgren, February 28, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 504, Roll 303.
35 Sharpe to Dahlgren, February 28, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 504, Roll 303.
36 Judson Knight, “Scouting Adventures,” The National Tribune, July 21, 1892.
37 Sharpe to Pleasonton, February 29, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, Part 1, p. 66; Mitchell to Whitaker, March 15, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, Part 1, pp. 194–97; Duane Shultz, The Dahlgren Affair: Terror and Conspiracy in the Civil War (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), p. 109.
38 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, March 16, 1864, Sharpe Collection; Sharpe to Humphreys, March 2, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Box 45.
39 Fishel, p. 543; Aylett to Winder, March 15, 1864, OR, Series 2, Vol. 6, Part 1, pp. 1053–54; Schultz, p. 149; deposition of John McEntee, March 19, 1887, Military Pension File of Anson B. Carney (NARA).
40 Patrick Diary, entry for March 12, 1864, pp. 347–48; Babcock, untitled record of military service, Babcock Collection.
41 Edward C. Garrigan, “One of the Five Hundred: Col. Ulric Dahlgren’s Command, and What Became of It,” The National Tribune, October 25, 1894. Garrigan was a trooper in the Harris Light Cavalry and a participant in the raid. He is the only one to suggest that Martin became so drunk that he accidently misled Dahlgren. He also states that the event that led to Martin’s hanging by Dahlgren was their arrival in front of a Confederate fort instead of the rain-swollen James River where a ford had been expected. Other eyewitnesses provided their testimony closer in time than Garrigan. A. B. Carney, “In Tight Places: Adventures of One of Our Scouts on the Kilpatrick Raid,” The National Tribune, April 5, 1894; J. W. Landegon, “He Was There: And Proceeds to Tell How Richmond Was Not Entered,” The National Tribune, May 31, 1894. “The Dahlgren Papers Revisited,” Columbiad for America’s Civil War http://www.historynet.com/acw/bldahlgrenpapersrevisited. In his essay, Sears states that the black man hanged by Dahlgren was the guide provided by Babcock.
42 General Orders No. 100, April 24, 1863, Paragraph 97, OR, Series 3, Vol. 3, p. 158.
43 Sears, “The Dahlgren Papers Revisited,” Sears, in this comprehensive analysis, presents a convincing case that the orders found on Dahlgren were original and not forged.
44 Report of Capt. F. B. Mitchell, March 15, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 197.
45 Dahlgren, p. 235. Bartley’s letter was published on December 29, 1864.
46 Sears, “The Dahlgren Papers Revisited,” ibid.
47 Schultz, p. 260.
48 Meade to Mrs. Meade, March 6, 1864, George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1913), Vol. 2, p. 170.
49 Meade to Mrs. Meade, April 18, 1864, Life and Letters of Meade, pp. 190–91.
50 Sharpe to McEntee, March 11, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 666.
51 Aylett to Winder, March 15, 1864, OR, Series 2, Vol. 6. Part 1, pp. 1053–54.
52 Grant, pp. 408–10.
53 John C. Babcock, untitled record of military service, John C. Babcock Collection, Library of Congress.
54 General Order No. 155, April 8, 1864, Washington, D. C., War Department, Adjutant General’s Office, OR, Vol. 33, p. 802.
55 Bruce Catton, Grant Takes Command (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1968), p. 135.
56 Merlin E. Summer, ed., The Diaries of Cryus B. Comstock (Dayton, OH: Morningside House, Inc., 1987), p. v; Catton, Grant Takes Command, pp. 125 & 134.
57 Lloyd Lewis, Captain Sam Grant (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1950), pp. 408–09.
58 “Sold Abraham Lincoln Appoints Leet to Ulysses S. Grant’s Staffand Gives Him a Promotion As Grant Arrives in Washington to Take Control of All Union Forces in 1864,” http://www.raabcollection.com/abraham-lincoln-autograph/abraham-lincoln-signed-sold-abraham-lincoln-appoints-leet-ulysses-s-grant, accessed November 10, 2015.
59 Meade to Mrs. Meade, March 8 & 22, 1864, Life and Letters of Meade, pp. 176, 182; U. S. Grant, Grant: Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Selected Letters 1839–1865 (New York: The Library of America, 1990), p. 508.
60 Meade to Henry A. Cramm, November 24, 1864, Life and Letters of Meade, p. 246.
61 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, March 16, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
62 Theodore B. Gates, The War of the Rebellion (New York: 1884), p. 477; Fishel, p. 543; “Gen. Grant Returned to the Army,” Pittsburgh Daily Commercial, May 29, 1864, p. 3; Leet to Adjutant General, May 3, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 1064, RG 94.
63 Patrick to Canby, March 16, 1864, Entry 112 and RG 393, Entry 3980.
64 War Department orders, April 13, 1864, Military Service Record of John McEntee, NARA.
65 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, March 16, 1864, Sharpe Collection, Senate House State Historical Site, Kingston, NY.
66 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, March 16, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
1 Sharpe to Humphreys, April 2, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112; OR, Vol. 33, p. 1234.
2 Lee to Davis, April 5, 1864, and Lee to Bragg, April 13, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 1260–61, 1278–79; Abstracts from the return of the Army of the Potomac for the months of January and March,1864, and abstract from tri-monthly return of the Army of the Potomac for April 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 462, 777, 1036; Sharpe to Humphreys, April 22, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
3 Abstract from the return of the Ninth Army Corps, for the month of April 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1046; Ulysses S. Grant, “Preparing for the Campaign of ’64,” Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, Vol.
4 (New York: Castle Books, 1956), p. 103. 4 Sharpe to Humphreys, April 21, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112; Lee to Davis, March 12, 1864, in Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin, The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961), p. 698.
5 Sharpe to Humphreys, April 18 and 19, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
6 Judson Knight, “How Scouts Worked: Serg’t Knight Tells How They Went About Getting Information,” The National Tribune, March 2, 1893.
7 No orders have been found on Manning’s assignment, but his regimental field and muster roll for March and April 1864 show him on detached service to Fortress Monroe. Also in early April all intelligence reports he had often written in his own hand for Sharpe’s signature ceased; Special Order No. 39, Patrick to McEntee, April 7, 1864, RG 393, Part 1, Entry 4052; Brig. Gen. E. R. S. Canby to McEntee, April 13, 1864, NARA, Military Service Record of Lieut. Col. John M. McEntee.
8 Theodore Lyman, Meade’s Army: The Private Notebooks of Lt. Col. Theodore Lyman, edited by David W. Lowe (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2007), p. 128.
9 George H. Sharpe, “Scouts,” March 15, 1864, NARA, RG 393 and Microcopy 2096, Box 45; Meade to Halleck, March 16, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 681–82; Douglas Southall Freeman, R. E. Lee: A Biography, Vol. 2 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1945), pp. 259–61.
10 Williams to Pleasonton, March 16, 1863, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 682–83; Kilpatrick to Smith, March 21, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 708. Since one quarter of Stuart’s artillery horses had died in the winter, it is unlikely that his cavalry mounts would have been in good enough shape for a raid at the end of a hard winter.
11 James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox: Memoirs of the Civil War in America (New York: Mallard Press, n.d), p. 547; Sharpe to Humphreys, April 1 and 3, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112; Lee to Davis, April 5, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1261.
12 Lee to Bragg, April 16, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1286; Sharpe to Humphreys, April 17, 1864, RG 108, Entry 112; Longstreet, p. 548; Sharpe to Humphreys, NARA, April 22, 1864, RG 108, Entry 112.
13 Lee to Davis, March 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1244; Sharpe to Humphreys, April 25, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
14 Bragg to Lee, April 16, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1286; Lee to Davis, April 23, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 1306–07; Sharpe to Humphreys, April 26, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112; “April 28, 1864—Reconnaissance to Madison County Court House, Va.,” OR, Vol. 33, p. 314; McEntee to Sharpe, April 28 and 29, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 1003, 1014; James Longstreet, From Manassas to Appomattox (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott and Co., 1896), p. 553. Longstreet cites the location of Mechanicsville, but that location is in the Shenandoah Valley. The West Point Atlas of the Civil War, Vol. 1, plate 120, shows his concentration at Mechanicsburg immediately south of Gordonsville. The confusion was apparently Longstreet’s.
15 “Miss Elizabeth Van Lew,” Chicago Daily Tribune, April 14, 1887, p. 10. Butler’s troops attacked on May 2 and overran Fort Darling’s outworks, but command difficulties threw away the advantage. Beauregard gathered his forces and threw the Army of the James back.
16 “Brave Women—Shall They Be Rewarded?” National Republican, April 12, 1864, p. 2.
17 “Miss Elizabeth Van Lew.”
18 “Miss Elizabeth Van Lew”; Maddox to Sharpe, April 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34; Sharpe to Humphreys, April 21, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
19 Lee to Bragg, April 7, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1266.
20 Lee to Davis, April 8, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1268.
21 Thomas Nelson Conrad, The Rebel Scout: A Thrilling History of Scouting Life in the Southern Army (Westminster, MD: Heritage Books, 2009), pp. 44–45.
22 Lee to Davis, April 9, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1269.
23 Lee to Davis, April 12, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1276.
24 Lee to Breckinridge, April 19, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1295; Lee to Davis, April 29, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, p. 1326; William Tidwell, Come Retribution: The Confederate Secret Service and the Assassination of Lincoln (Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1988), p. 109.
25 Lee to Davis, April 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 1331–32.
26 Theodore Lyman, entry for March 1, 1864, Meade’s Headquarters: From the Wilderness to Appomattox (Boston: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1922), p. 77.
27 Lee to Seddon, April 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 1330–31.
28 Lee to Davis, April 18, 1864, OR, Vol. 33, pp. 1290–91.
29 U. S. Grant to Halleck, April 29, 1864, The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967), Vol. 10, p. 371.
30 Sharpe to Humphreys, May 1, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112; Sharpe to Humphreys, May 4, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, p. 72.
31 Sharpe to Humphreys, Feis, p. 206; Sharpe to Hancock, May 2, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, p. 34.
32 OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, pp. 371–72; Porter, Campaigning With Grant (New York: The Century Co., 1887), p. 44.
33 Judson Knight, “How Scouts Worked: Serg’t Knight Tells How They went About Getting Information,” The National Tribune, March 9, 1893.
34 John Michael Priest, Nowhere to Run: The Wilderness, May 4th & 5th, 1864 (Shippensburg, PA: The White Mane Publishing Company, Inc., 1995), p. 23.
35 Meade to Grant, May 5, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, pp. 404–05.
36 Edwin C. Fishel, The Secret War for the Union: The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War (Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Co., 1996), p. 544; Knight, “How Scouts Worked: Serg’t Knight Tells How They Went About Getting Information,” The National Tribune, March 23, 1893.
37 E. J. Edwards, “Grant Whittled During Battle,” Cook County Herald (Arlington Heights, IL), October 28, 1910.
38 J. H. C. Brewer, “A Story About Grant,” The National Tribune, June 29, 1890.
39 Grant to Halleck, May 7, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 1, p. 2; Edwin Stanton, “Washington, May 9,” The Jeffersonian (Stroudsburg, PA), May 12, 1864, p. 1; James H. Wilson, The Life of John A. Rawlins: Lawyer, Assistant Adjutant-General, Chief of Staff, Major General of Volunteers, and Secretary of War, letter of May 9, 1864 (New York: The Neale Publishing Co., 1916), p. 218.
40 Knight, The National Tribune, May 23, 1893; William D. Matter, “The Federal High Command at Spotsylvania,” in Gary Gallagher, ed., The Spotsylvania Campaign (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998) p. 33.
41 “‘I Was in the Secret Service of the Army of the Potomac’—Isaac Silver of Spotsylvania County. Part 2.” https://npsfrsp.wordpress.com/2010/10/08/i-was-in-the-secret-service-of-the-army-of-the-potomac-%E2%80%93-isaac-silver-of-spotsylvania-county-part-2/.
42 Knight, The National Tribune, March 23, 1893.
43 Bruce Catton, Grant Takes Command (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1969), p. 208.
44 Feis, p. 209; Warren to Meade with endorsement by Meade, May 6, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, p. 540; Matter, p. 33.
45 James H. Wilson, The Life of John A. Rawlins, p. 218.
46 Matter, pp. 33, 36.
47 Meade to Grant, May 10, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, p. 596.
48 Humphreys, pp. 84–85.
49 Knight, The National Tribune, April 20, 1983.
50 Anson B. Carney, cited in Our Boys in Blue: Heroic Deeds, Sketches and Reminiscences of Bradford Country Soldiers in the Civil War, Vol. 1, 1899, by C. F. Heverely.
51 George H. Sharpe, “The Virginia Campaign: Casualties in the 120th Regt,” Kingston Journal Extra, May 18, 1864, The Sharpe Collection.
52 Knight, The National Tribune, May 30, 1893.
53 Edwin Stanton, “May 19. 9 A. M.,” The Soldier’s Journal (Alexandria, VA), p. 6; Torbert to Williams, May 18, 1863, OR, Vol. 36, Part 1, p. 803.
54 Knight, The National Tribune, May 30, 1893.
55 “The Potomac Army,” The Pittsburgh Gazette, April 22, 1864, p. 3.
56 Knight, The National Tribune, May 30, 1893.
57 Knight, The National Tribune, April 20, 1893.
58 Sharpe to Humphreys, May 13, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, p. 699.
59 Grant to Meade, May 13, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, p. 698.
60 Cline to Sharpe, May 13, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, p. 699.
61 Cline to Sharpe, May 13, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, pp. 699–700.
62 U. S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Selected Letters (1839–1865) (The Library of America, 1990), pp. 556–57.
63 Knight, The National Tribune, April 20, 1893.
64 Berry Benson, Civil War Book: Memoirs of a Confederate Scout and Sharpshooter (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1992), pp. 84–88.
65 George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Meade (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1913), Vol. 2, p. 201.
66 Sharpe to Humphreys, 9 a.m., May 17, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 2, p. 842.
67 Grant to Halleck, May 26, 1864, The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, 10:491.
68 Sharpe to Humphreys, May 22, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, p. 80; Sharpe to Humphreys, May 25, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, p. 184; Abstract from field return of troops in Hoke’s Division, Maj. Gen. Robert F. Hoke commanding, for May 21, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, p. 617; Hancock to Williams, May 21, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, p. 47; Grant to Halleck, May 25, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, p. 184.
69 Patrick to Williams, NARA, RG 393, Part 1, Entry 3032, p. 266. Patrick’s report showed the following captures:
| From May 1st to May 12th | 7, 078 |
| May 12th to July 31st | 6,506 |
| July 31st to Aug 31st | 573 |
| Aug. 31st to Sept. 30th | 78 |
| Sept. 31st to Oct. 31st | 1,138 |
| Total | 15,373 |
70 Sharpe to Humphreys, May 26, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, pp. 208–09.
71 Lee to Anderson, May 31, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, p. 858.
72 Knight, The National Tribune, April 20, 1983.
73 Knight, The National Tribune, January 12, 1893.
74 Knight, The National Tribune, January 19 & 26, 1893.
75 “Last Hours of the Confederacy,” New York Times, January 21, 1876.
76 Sharpe to Humphreys, June 3, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, pp. 527–28.
77 Lyman, entries for June 4 and 7, Meade’s Headquarters, pp. 153–54.
78 Knight, The National Tribune, January 26, 1893.
79 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, June 7, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
80 Sharpe to Humphreys, June 8, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, pp. 696–97.
81 Extract of letter by Patrick, June 10, 1864; NARA, RG, 393, Part 1, Entry 4040.
82 Dana to Stanton, June 9, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 1, p. 93.
83 Wilson, The Life of John A. Rawlins, p. 227.
84 Grant to Halleck, May 25, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, p. 183; Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, Selected Letters, 1839–1865 (New York: The Library of America, 1990), p. 595. Wilson, The Life of John A. Rawlins, pp. 230, 232, 236.
85 Knight, The National Tribune, April 20, 1863.
86 Knight, The National Tribune, April 27, 1863.
1 Sharpe to Humphreys, June 11, 1864, OR, Vol. 36, Part 3, p. 747.
2 Grant to Halleck, June 5, 1864, U. S. Grant, Grant: Personal Memoirs of U. S. Grant, Selected Letters 1839–1865 (New York: The Library of America, 1990), pp. 590–91.
3 Theodore Lyman, With Grant and Meade From the Wilderness to Appomattox (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), p. 159.
4 Brig. Gen. Vincent J. Esposito, The West Point Atlas of American Wars, Vol. I, 1689–1900 (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, Publishers, 1959), Map 137.
5 The Editors of Time-Life Books, Death in the Trenches: Grant at Petersburg (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1987), p. 35.
6 Earl J. Hess, In the Trenches of Petersburg: Field Fortifications & Confederate Defeat (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2009), p. 16; Sharpe to Humphreys, June 14, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 19.
7 Judson Knight, The National Tribune, “How Scouts Worked: Sergt. Knight Tells How They Went About Getting Information,” April 27, 1893.
8 Sharpe to Williams, June 8, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34; Williams to Sharpe, June 9, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
9 Marsena R. Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army: The Diary of Marsena Rudolph Patrick, Provost Marshal General, Army of the Potomac, diary entries for June 18–19, 1864 (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1964), p. 385.
10 Sharpe to Humphreys, June 17, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 119.
11 Sharpe to Humphreys (six reports), June 18, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, pp. 158–60.
12 Douglas Southall Freeman, ed., Lee’s Dispatches: Unpublished Letters of General Robert E. Lee, C. S. A., to Jefferson Davis and the War Department of the Confederate States of America 1862–65 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1994), p. 249.
13 Peter G. Tsouras, Scouting for Grant and Meade: The Reminiscences of Judson Knight, Chief of Scouts, Army of the Potomac (New York: Skyhorse Publications, 2014), pp. 192–93.
14 Sharpe to Humphreys, June 19, 1964, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 212; Meade to Grant, June 20, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 233; Sharpe to Humphreys, June 20, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 235; Humphreys to Warren, June 21, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, pp. 243–44.
15 Peter G. Tsouras, ed., Scouting for Grant and Meade: The Reminiscences of Judson Knight, Chief of Scouts, Army of the Potomac (New York: Skyhorse Publications, 2014), pp. 193–94; originally published in the National Tribune, May 4, 1893, as a separate article.
16 Sharpe to Humphreys, June 20, 21, 23 and 24, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, pp. 235, 271, 306, 336, 337, 375–76; McEntee to Sharpe, June 28, 1864, RG 393, entry 3980; Hancock to Williams, July 1, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 566.
17 McEntee to Sharpe, June 28, 1864, OR, Series I, Vol. 37, Part 1, p. 684; William B. Feis, Grant’s Secret Service: The Intelligence War from Belmont to Appomattox (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), p. 229.
18 McEntee to Sharpe, July 1, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34.
19 Grant to Meade, July 3, 1864, Grant Papers, Vol. 11, p. 167; Meade to Grant, July 3, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 600; Grant to Halleck, July 3, 1864, Grant Papers, Vol. 11, p. 167.
20 Sharpe to Patrick, July 3, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, pp. 600–01; Seward R. Osborne, The Civil War Diaries of Col. Theodore B. Gates, 20th New York State Militia (Hightown, NJ: Longstreet House, 1991), diary entries for July 3 and 4, 1864, p. 148; Patrick Diary, entries for July 2 and 3, p. 392.
21 Sharpe to Humphreys, July 4, 1863, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 620; Grant to Halleck, July 4, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 618.
22 James Harrison Wilson, The Life of John A. Rawlins: Lawyer, Assistant Adjutant-General, Chief of Staff, Major General of Volunteers, and Secretary of War, letter of July 4, 1864 (Sagwan Press, 2015), p. 241.
23 Grant to Halleck and Halleck to Grant, July 5, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 3.
24 Halleck to Grant, July 5, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 4.
25 Sharpe to Humphreys, July 5, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, pp. 6–7; Meade to Grant, July 5, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 5.
26 Grant to Halleck, July 5, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 4.
27 Sharpe to Humphreys, July 6, 1864 (two reports), OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, pp. 37–39.
28 Grant to Halleck, July 6, 1864 (two messages), OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 31.
29 Halleck to Grant, July 6, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, pp. 31–32.
30 Sheridan to Humphreys, July 6, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 50; Halleck to Grant, July 8, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 72.
31 McEntee to Sharpe, July 13, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 34; Sharpe to McEntee, July 10, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 504, Roll 303; Jubal Early, Jubal Early’s Memoirs: Autobiographical Sketch and Narrative of the War Between the States (Baltimore: The Nautical & Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1989), p. 381; Charles C. Osborne, Jubal: The Life and Times of General Jubal A. Early, CSA (Chapel Hill: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill, 1992), p. 263.
32 Sharpe to Humphreys and Meade to Grant, July 9, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 96.
33 Fishel, p. 546; Meade to Grant, July 9, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 95.
34 Gates, Civil War Diaries, diary entry for July 11, 1863, p. 149; Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, July 14, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
35 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, July 14, 1864, Sharpe Collection. Emphasis is in the original.
36 Theodore Lyman, Meade’s Army: The Private Notebooks of Lt. Col. Theodore Lyman, edited by David W. Lowe (Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 2007), p. 235.
37 Lincoln to Grant and Halleck to Grant, July 12, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 175.
38 Meade to Grant, July 12, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 179.
39 Babcock to Humphreys, July 12, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112; Wilson, The Life of John A. Rawlins, p. 244; Meade to Grant, July 15, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 254.
40 Lee to Davis, July 10, 1864, Robert E. Lee, The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, eds. Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin (Boston, 1961), pp. 817–18.
41 Babcock to Humphreys, July 11, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 146.
42 Meade to Grant, July 11, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 147.
43 Grant to Meade and Meade to Grant, July 11, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, pp. 147–48.
44 Babcock to Humphreys, July 12, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, pp.177–78.
45 Hdqrs, Armies of the United States, Special Orders No. 48, City Point, VA, July 4, 1864, OR, Series 1, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 622.
46 “Some Hit and Miss Chat,” The New York Times, April 12, 1885, p. 14.
47 Gates, Civil War Diaries, entry for July 5, 1864, p. 148.
48 Patrick Diary, Inside Lincoln’s Army, entries June 7–8 and July 6, 1864, pp. 381, 394–95. Getting on the bad side of the press has become a constant in the modern world, as the late Russian general Pavel Lebed remarked that it is impossible to win an argument with a woman or the press.
49 Patrick Diary, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entries June 7–8 and July 6, 1864, pp. 381, 394–95.
50 Patrick Diary, entries for July 7 and 9, 1864, pp. 394–96; Gates, diary entries for July 7 and 9, 1864, pp. 148–49.
51 Edwin Fishel, The Secret War for the Union: The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996), p. 547.
52 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, August 15, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
53 Fishel, p. 548.
54 John C. Babcock, “Record of Service of John C. Babcock during the civil war of 1861–65,” John C. Babcock Collection, Library of Congress.
55 Fishel, pp. 546–47; Feis, p. 235; Gates, diary entry for July 8, 1864, p. 148.
56 Knight, The National Tribune, May 4, 1893.
57 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, August 15, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
58 Simpson D. Brooks, Ulysses S. Grant: Triumph over Adversity, 1822–1865 (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2000), p. 458.
59 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entry for July 21, 1864, pp. 400–01.
60 Feis, pp. 236–37; Knight, The National Tribune, June 8, 1893.
61 Knight, The National Tribune, May 4 and 11, 1893.
62 Knight, The National Tribune, May 11 and 25, 1893.
63 Knight, The National Tribune, May 25, June 1 and 8, 1893; Elizabeth R. Varon, Southern Lady, Yankee Spy: The True Story of Elizabeth Van Lew, A Union Agent in the Heart of the Confederacy (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003), pp. 157–56.
64 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entry for July 22, 1864, p. 401.
65 William J. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant, February 23, 1874, Papers of U. S. Grant, Vol. 30, p. 92; Feis, p. 237.
66 Beymer, Scouts and Spies of the Civil War, pp. 56, 59–60. The Van Lews were a prominent and wealthy family.”
67 Beymer, “Miss Van Lew,” Harpers Monthly, June 1911, pp. 86–99.
68 Sharpe to Bowers, OR, Vol. 46, Part 2, p. 191; RG 108, Entry 112; Feis, p. 327.
69 McEntee to Bowers, November 10, 1864, OR, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112; Sharpe to Meade, January 10, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 2, p. 171.
70 Beymer, Scouts and Spies of the Civil War, p. 54; Harnett T. Kane, Spies for the Blue and Gray (New York: Doubleday, 1954); “Death of Noted Union Spy,” The National Republican, October 4, 1900, p. 8; “Miss Elizabeth Van Lew,” Chicago Daily Tribune, April 14, 1887, p. 10.
71 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entries for July 24 and August 19, pp. 402, 415, 442, 445.
1 William B Feis, Grant’s Secret Service: The Intelligence War from Belmont to Appomattox (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), p. 253.
2 McEntee to Humphreys, September 3 and 5, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 657–58, 698.
3 “From Grant’s Army,” The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 24, 1864, p. 3. This article appears to be an official release from the Army of the Potomac.
4 Fishel, pp. 550–51.
5 Sharpe to Humphreys, 8:30 a.m, June 18, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 158.
6 Sharpe to Humphreys, June 18, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, pp. 158–59.
7 Sharpe to Humphreys, 10:30 a.m., June 18, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 159.
8 Judson Knight, The National Tribune, April 27, 1893.
9 Lee to Seddon, June 21, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, pp. 671–72.
10 Noah Andre Trudeau, The Last Citadel: Petersburg, Virginia June 1864–April 1865 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991), p. 72.
11 Knight, “How Scouts Worked: Sergt. Knight Tells How They Went About Getting Information,” The National Tribune, May 4, 1893; Trudeau, pp. 78–9. Lee’s victory was due to not only Mahone’s and Wilcox’s fighting abilities but to the cumulative losses of II Corps. John Gibbon cited the losses in his own division to make the point. He began the Overland Campaign at the beginning of May with 6,799 men; his losses up to June 30 were 6,183, and he had received only 4,263 replacements. “These facts serve to demonstrate the wear and tear on the division, and to show why it is that troops, which at the commencement of the campaign were equal to almost any undertaking, became toward the end of it unfit for almost any.”
12 Sharpe to Humphreys, 4 p.m., June 22, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 307.
13 Sharpe to Humphreys, 6 a.m. and 1 p.m., June 23, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 337.
14 Sharpe to Humphreys, 8 a.m., June 29, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 496; Robert E. Lee, The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin, eds. (New York: Da Capo Press, 1987), p. 811.
15 Sharpe to Humphreys, June 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 517.
16 Trudeau, p. 90.
17 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, June 25, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
18 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, June 25, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
19 “Confederate Military Hospitals in Richmond,” by Robert W. Wait, Jr., Official Publication #22 Richmond Civil War Centennial committee, Richmond, Virginia 1964. Also called: The General Hospital, City Home Hospital, Alms House Hospital. Built shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War by the City of Richmond as a poor house. Rented by the City Council to the Confederate authorities in June 1861 as a military hospital. Continued in use as such until December 1864 when it was reclaimed by the City for rental to the Virginia Military Institute as their temporary location. Suffered heavy exterior damage when the nearby powder magazine was exploded on evacuation night. Taken over by Federal authorities and again used by them as a poor house. Returned to the City in December 1865. It was used for many years as the City Alms House. Still in use and owned by the City of Richmond. Earliest use by the Confederacy was for wounded Union prisoners. Soon became the first of the large General Hospitals. Capacity about 500 patients. Dr. Charles Bell Gibson, surgeon-in-charge. Location: northside of Hospital Street, between 2nd and 4th Streets, opposite Shockoe Cemetery.
20 Sharpe to Humphreys, June 25, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 403.
21 McEntee to Humphreys, July 31, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 2, p. 692.
22 Babcock to Humphreys, July 8, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 75; Lee to Davis, July 6, 1864, Robert E. Lee, Lee’s Dispatches, Unpublished Letters of General Robert E. Lee, C. S. A., to Jefferson Davis and the War Department of the Confederate States of America, 1862–65, ed. Douglas Southall Freeman (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1957), p. 277.
23 Babcock to Humphreys, July 17, 1864 (five reports), OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, pp. 291–294; Babcock to Humphreys, July 17, 1864, RG 108, Entry 112.
24 Meade to Grant, July 17, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 291.
25 Babcock to Humphreys, July 18, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 313; Grant to Butler, July 18, 1864, The Papers of U. S. Grant, Vol. 11, p. 275; Sharpe to Humphreys, July 18, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 315.
26 Feis, p. 254.
27 Babcock to Humphreys, July 26, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 459; Andrew A. Humphreys, The Virginia Campaign of 1864 and 1865 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1883), p. 251.
28 Babcock to Humphreys, July 28, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 556.
29 Humphreys to Warren, July 29, 1864, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p.605.
30 W. Gordon McCabe, address before the Association of the Army of Northern Virginia, November 2, 1876, quoted in Robert E. Lee, Jr., Recollections and Letters of Robert E. Lee (New York, 1904), p. 135.
31 Bruce Catton, The Army of the Potomac: A Stillness at Appomattox (New York: Doubleday & Company, 1953), pp. 238–40; Catton, Grant Takes Command, p. 321; Humphreys, p. 252.
32 Catton, Grant Takes Command, pp. 321–22; Stephen R. Taafe, Commanding the Army of the Potomac (Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 2006), p. 188. Ledlie’s division had an inordinate number of former artillerymen who had been taken out of the comfortable defenses of Washington and elsewhere and now found themselves as infantry. They were known to have little fight in them and had performed poorly recently.
33 Meade to Mrs. Meade, July 31, 1864, George Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1913), Vol. 2, p. 217.
34 Horace Porter, Campaigning With Grant (New York: The Century Company, 189), p. 267. Porter appears to have combined the statements made by Grant in his message to Halleck of August 1, 1864, in the U. S. Grant Papers, Huntington Library; and Grant’s testimony before Congress in CCW Report, Vol. I, p. 111, into a single observation made to his staff at the time. Burnside went on a leave of absence two weeks after the debacle at the Crater and never returned to active service. Ledlie was quietly released from the service at the same time.
35 Letter of Captain George K. Leet to Colonel W. R. Rowley dated August 23, 1864, quoting a letter from Bowers; microfilm in the U.S. Grant Association, from original in the Illinois State Historical Library, cited in Catton, Grant Takes Command, ibid., pp. 365–66.
36 Theodore Lyman, With Grant & Meade: From the Wilderness to Appomattox (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1994), p. 208.
37 Allan Nevins, The War for the Union: The Organized War 1863–1864 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1971), pp. 219–20; Philip Shaw Paludan, “A People’s Contest,” The Union and the Civil War 1861–1865 (New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1998), pp. 281, 284. In 1860 almost 20 percent of the population of the North was foreign-born. As much as 25 percent of the men who served in the army and navy in the war were foreign-born. Between 1861 and 1865, 800,000 immigrants arrived in the United States; nearly 631,000 were adults of whom two-thirds were males. Of that number, 183,440 or almost 44 percent were recruited by the Union army. The New York Tribune reported that in the first five months of 1864 one-tenth of the immigrants who landed in New York joined the army and navy. Great Britain sent the largest number of immigrants in 1863, Ireland in 1864, and Germany in 1865. The newest immigrants enlisted in the army could not be expected to have the same enthusiasm for the Union cause as those who had been acculturated and already set down roots.
38 Humphreys to Meade, August 8, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 84.
39 Porter, pp. 273–74; Catton, Grant Takes Command, pp. 349–50; Theodore P. Gates, The War of the Rebellion (New York: 1885), p. 547; OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 1250; OR, Series 3, Vol. 5, Part 1, p. 383; Feis, p. 258.
40 OR, Series 3, Vol. V, Part 1, p. 383.
41 Trudeau, pp. 148–49.
42 Fitzhugh Lee, General Lee (Philadelphia: D. Appleton & Company, 1894), p. 352.
43 Babcock to Humphreys, OR, 42, Part 2, p. 85.
44 Babcock to Humphreys, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 86.
45 Grant to Meade, August 11, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 114-–15.
46 Trudeau, p. 148; Dowdey and Manarin, Lee’s Wartime Papers, pp. 834, 836–37.
47 Trudeau, p. 151.
48 Lee to Hampton, August 14, 1863, Lee, The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, Ibid., p. 835; Trudeau, p. 152; Humphreys, pp. 270–73.
49 Lee to Fields, August 15, 1863, Lee, Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, pp. 837–38. Lee telegraphed fields at 12:36 a.m. that the infantry had been dispatched by rail at 7:30 and 9:30 p.m. on August 14.
50 Sharpe to Babcock, August 16, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 213.
51 Babcock to Sharpe, August 16, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 213.
52 Shape to Babcock, August 16, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 213.
53 Babcock to Sharpe, August 16, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 213
54 Fisher to Humphreys, August 17, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 245.
55 Grant to Meade, August 17, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 244.
56 Grant to Seward, March 19, 1865, OR, Vol. 40, Part 3, p. 48.
57 Grant to Meade, 10:00 p.m. and 10:30 p.m., August 17, 1864, Meade to Grant, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 245.
58 Lyman, p. 217.
59 Lee to Davis, August 21, 1863, Lee, Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, pp. 842–43.
60 Trudeau, p. 173; OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 359. “I understand the following to be the disposition of troops in our front from the enemy’s left to right: Bushrod Johnson’ s division, Martin’s and Hagood’s brigades, of Hoke’s division, and Kirkland’s and MacRae’s brigades, of Heth’s division; Mahone’s division, and Fry’s and Davis’ brigades, of Heth’s division; Colquitt’s and Clingman’s, of Hoke’s division. We learn of no troops having arrived from the north side of the James River, except these three brigades of Heth’s division.”
61 Sharpe to Humphreys, August 25, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 473–74.
62 Trudeau, p. 189.
63 McEntee to Humphreys, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 274–75; Humphreys, pp. 280–83. Humphreys points out that the new recruits sent to the army were without training.
64 Lyman, p. 226.
65 Sharpe to Bowers, August 26, 1864, NARA, RG 108, RG 112.
66 Lee to Davis, September 2, 1864, Lee, Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, p. 848.
67 Knight, “New Rebel Torpedo,” Scientific American, 1011, No. 15 (Oct. 8, 1864), p. 288.
68 Knight, “How Scouts Worked: Sergt. Knight Tells How They Went About Getting Information,” The National Tribune, June 8, 1893.
69 Sharpe, September 13, 1864, OR Navies, Vol. 10, pp. 466–67.
70 Babcock to Humphreys, September 11, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 785.
71 “Counterfeiting in the Army,” Daily National Republican, September 30, 1864.
72 Babcock to Humphreys, October 9, 1864, OR, Volume 42, Part 3, pp. 144–45; Meade to Humphreys and Meade to Parke, October 13, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, pp. 209–10; Babcock to Humphreys, October 13, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, p. 198.
73 Marsena Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army: The Diary of Marsena Rudolph Patrick, Provost Marshal General, Army of the Potomac, diary entry for September 8, 1864 (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1964), p. 420; OR, Series 1, Vol. 27, Part 3, p. 794; “Army and Navy Personnel,” The Times-Picayune (New Orleans), October 2, 1864, p. 4.
74 Gates, Civil War Diaries, diary entry for September 28, 1864; Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entries for September 20 & 26, 1864, pp. 422, 425. Although the two diary dates do not match, they are obviously talking about the same visit by Gates to Patrick.
75 Gates, Civil War Diaries, diary entry for December 7, 1864, p. 162.
76 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entries for 16, 18, and 21 November 1864, pp. 442–43.
77 Sharpe to Williams, October 12, 1864, NARA, Military Service Record of George H. Sharpe.
78 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entry for November 16 & 28, 1864; Dick Nolan, Benjamin Franklin Butler: The Damnedest Yankees (New York: Presidio Press, 1991), pp. 311–12. Butler would later say that failing to declare Grant the rightful candidate was a fatal mistake which turned Grant against him.
1 Grant to Sheridan, September 6, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 717; William B. Feis, Grant’s Secret Service: The Intelligence War from Belmont to Appomattox (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), p. 244.
2 Phillip H. Sheridan, Personal Memoirs of P. H. Sheridan (New York: Charles L. Webster, 1888), vol. 2, pp. 499–500; Feis, p. 244; Sharpe to Humphreys, September 15, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 833; Sheridan to Leet, September 15, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 89.
3 Sheridan, Vol. 2, p. 1; Allan L. Tischler, “America’s Civil War: Union General Phil Sheridan’s Scouts,” The HistoryNet.com, http://historynet.com/acw/blshseridanscouts/index.html; David L. Phillips, “The Jesse Scouts,” West Virginia in the Civil War, http://www.wvcivilwar.com/jessie.shtml.
4 Sheridan, Vol. 2, pp. 2–3, 5n, 6n; Jeffry Wert, From Winchester to Cedar Creek: The Shenandoah Campaign of 1864 (Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1997), p. 42; OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 90.
5 Sharpe to Humphreys, September 17, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 881–82; Babcock to Sharpe, September 17, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 35.
6 Meade to Grant, September 17, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 879.
7 Lee to Early, September 17, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 1258–59.
8 Grant to Meade, September 22, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 963–64; Sheridan to Grant, and Grant to Sheridan, September 23, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 152.
9 Lee to Anderson, September 23, 1864, Clifford Dowdy and Louis H. Manarin, eds., The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee (New York: Da Capo Press, 1987), pp. 856–57.
10 Sharpe to Humphreys, September 24, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 988; Sharpe to Davenport, September 25, 1864, p. 1025; Sharpe to Humphreys, September 25, 1864, p. 1010; Grant to Halleck, September 27, 1864, p. 186; Babcock to Humphreys, September 27, 1864, pp. 1048–49; Babcock to Sharpe, September 27, 1864, p. 1051; Babcock to Humphreys, September 28, 1864, pp. 1065–66.
11 Ulysses S. Grant, Grant: Personal Memoirs of U.S. Grant, Selected Letters 1839–1865 (New York: The Library of America, 1984), pp. 625–27.
12 Grant, p. 625; Babcock to Humphreys, September 27, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 1048–49.
13 Babcock to Humphreys and Babcock to Sharpe, September 28, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 1066; Sharpe to Davenport, September 28, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 1079; Babcock to Humphreys, September 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 1123; Sharpe to Davenport, October 1, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, p. 32.
14 Babcock to Humphreys, September 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 1123.
15 Babcock to Humphreys, September 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, p. 1123; Douglas Southall Freeman, Lee’s Lieutenants: Gettysburg to Appomattox (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1944), p. 595.
16 Babcock to Humphreys and Butler to Grant, September 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 2, pp. 1122–23, 1144.
17 Jubal Early, An Autobiographical Sketch and Narrative of the War Between the States (Philadelphia, 1912), p. 435; Grant to Halleck, October 5, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 288.
18 Lee to Early, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 892.
19 Wright to Sheridan, October 16, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 1, p. 52.
20 Phillip H. Sheridan, Civil War Memoirs (New York: Bantam, 1991), pp. 270–71.
21 Sheridan, p. 274.
22 Sheridan, pp. 279–80.
23 Sheridan to Halleck, November 24, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 1, pp. 37–38.
1 Babcock to Meade, December 10, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, pp. 924–25.
2 “Yankee Deserters,” Richmond Dispatch, January 24, 1864, p. 4.
3 McEntee to Terry, November 12, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, pp. 608–09.
4 McEntee to Meade, December 11, 1864, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, pp. 954–55.
5 Peter G. Tsouras, ed., Scouting for Meade and Grant: The Reminiscences of Judson Knight, Chief of Scouts, Army of the Potomac (New York: Skyhorse Publications, 2014), pp. 202–03.
6 Sheridan to Leet, November 17, 1864, and Leet to Sheridan, November 18, 1864, Sheridan to Leet, November 23, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, pp. 637, 641, 662.
7 Leet to Sheridan, November 18, 1864, Sheridan to Leet, November 23, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, pp. 641, 662; Rawlins to Grant, McEntee to Humphreys, and Butler to Grant, November 20, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, pp. 666–67, 669; Marsena Rudolph Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army: The Diary of Marsena Rudolph Patrick, ed. David S. Sparks (New York: A. S. Barnes & Company, Inc., 1964), diary entry for December 3, 1864, p. 447.
8 Lee to Davis, December 6, 1865, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 936; Abstract from the return of the Middle Military Division, Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, U.S. Army, commanding, for the month of November, 1864, OR, Volume 43, Part 2, p. 716; Abstract from return of the Army of the Potomac, Maj. Gen. George G. Meade, U.S. Army, commanding, for the month of December, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 1114 (figures for both abstracts are under the headings, “Aggregate present”).
9 Sheridan to Grant and Leet to Sheridan, December 8, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, pp. 756–57.
10 Babcock to Meade, December 9, 1865, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 898; Abstract from monthly return of the Army of Northern Virginia, General Robert E. Lee commanding, November 30, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 1237.
11 Babcock to Meade, December 9–11, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, pp. 893–94, 924, 954–56.
12 Lee to Davis, December 14, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 1272.
13 Babcock to Meade, December 19, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 1039; McEntee to Babcock, December 22, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 1056; Theodore B. Gates, The War of the Rebellion (New York, 1884), p. 562; Field and Muster Report, 80th NY, November & December, 1864, Military Service Record of John McEntee, NARA.
14 Lee to Davis, December 14, 1864, in Robert E. Lee, The Wartime Papers of Robert E. Lee, eds. Clifford Dowdey and Louis H. Manarin (New York: Da Capo Press, 1987), p. 877; Lee to Davis, December 19, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 1280; Latrobe to Hoke, December 20, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 1282.
15 McEntee to Babcock, December 22, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 1056; Ord to Grant, December 22, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 1060; Terry to Turner, December 23, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 1067.
16 “Southern News,” Cleveland Daily Reader, December 7, 1864, p. 1; “Grant’s Army,” Pittsburgh Daily Post, December 21, 1864, p. 2; James Harrison Wilson, The Life of John A. Rawlins: Lawyer, Assistant Adjutant-General, Chief of Staff, Major General of Volunteers, and Secretary of War (Sagwan Press, 2015), p. 296.
17 Wilson, The Life of John A. Rawlins, p. 296.
18 Babcock to Meade, December 23, 1863, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, pp. 1062–63; Babcock to Meade, December 25, 1863, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, p. 1073; Sharpe to Babcock, December 25, 1865, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, p. 1073; NARA, Microcopy 504, Roll 303; Babcock to Sharpe, December 25, 1863, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, pp. 1073–74; “Sherman—Savannah Evacuated,” Richmond Dispatch, December 27, 1863, p. 3; Sharpe to Bowers, December 27, 1863, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
19 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entries for October 25 and November 23, 1864, pp. 433, 444; Patrick bizarrely prefaces his mention of the turkeys with a comment about his investigation of the army’s embalmers. The Editors of Time-Life, Death in the Trenches: Grant at Petersburg (Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1986), pp. 160–71; this source cites 123,000 bread rations a day baked by the Bake House.
20 “Roger A. Pryor Captured,” The Nashville Daily Union (Nashville, TN), November 30, 1864; “Roger A. Pryor Captured,” The Daily Milwaukee News,” December 4, 1864; The Wilmington Messenger (Wilmington, NC), May 18, 1889.
21 Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entries for November 16, 18, and 21, 1864, pp. 442, 443; Military Service Record for George H. Sharpe, NARA; Patrick to Williams, November 29, 1864, NARA, M2906, Roll 37.
22 Meade to Warren, OR, Vol. 42, Part 3, p. 611; E. J. Edwards, “Gen. Mead’s [sic Meade’s] Real Character,” Dakota County Herald (Dakota City, NE), August 5, 1910.
23 Cyrus B. Comstock, The Diary of Cyrus B. Comstock (Dayton, OH: Morningside Press, 1987), p. 279.
24 Hdqrs, Armies of the United States, Special Orders Number 141, City Point, Va., December 2, 1864, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, p. 779.
25 Special Orders Number 10, Office of the Provost Marshal General, City Point, Va., December 2, 1864, Military Service Record of George H. Sharpe, NARA.
26 Ulysses S. Grant, The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant, Vol. 13, November 16, 1864–February 20, 1865 (Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1985), pp. 487–88.
27 Adam Badeau, Reminiscences of Ulysses S. Grant (Portland, OR: Wetware Media LLC, 2012), p. 154.
28 Theodore Lyman, With Grant and Meade from the Wilderness to Appomattox, letter of November 13, 1864 (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014). Amazingly, this edition has no page numbers; Grant to Stanton, March 19, 1865, OR, Vol. 46, Part 3, p. 38
29 Sharpe to Bowers and Sharpe to Meade, January 21, 1864, OR, Vol. 46, Part 2, p. 191 (RG 108, Entry 11) and OR, Series 1, Vol. 46, Part 2, pp. 191–92.
30 Rawlins to Parker, January 21, 1865, OR Navies, Vol. 11, p. 632.
31 Gibbon to Parker, Parker to Porter, Parker to Gibbon, OR Navies, Vol. 11, pp. 632–33.
32 Grant to Fox (2), Grant to Welles, Grant to Parker, OR Navies, Vol. 11, pp. 634–36.
33 Military Service Record of John McEntee, NARA; Theodore B. Gates, The War of the Rebellion (New York: 1884), p. 562; Patrick, Inside Lincoln’s Army, diary entry for November 26, 1864, p. 444.
34 Military Personnel Record of Frederick L. Manning, NARA, letter from Sharpe to Bowers, requesting the transfer of Capt. Paul Oliver.
35 Casualty Sheet, January 1, 1878, Pension File of Paul A. Oliver, NARA; Horatio Seymour to Meade, Pension File of Paul A. Oliver, April 11, 1864, NARA; Hooker to Stanton, February 7, 1865, NARA, M 1064, O 025 CB 1865.
36 Roger D. Hunt and Jack R. Brown, Brevet Brigadier Generals in Blue (Gaithersburg, MD: Olde Golden Books, 1990); Meade to Mrs. Meade, February 27, 1865, George Gordon Meade, The Life and Letters of George Gordon Meade: Major-General United States Army, Vol. 2 (Nabu Press, 2009), p. 264.
37 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, February 24, 1864, Sharpe Collection; General Order 94, May 26, 1865, NARA, Military Service Record of George H. Sharpe.
38 “From Grant’s Army,” Richmond Dispatch, January 24, 1865; Babcock to Webb, January 17, 1865, NARA, Microcopy 2096, Roll 38.
39 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, February 24, 1864, Sharpe Collection; Geoffrey Perret, Old Soldiers Never Die: The Life of Douglas MacArthur (New York: Random House 1996), p. 362.
40 Shape to Patrick, November 28, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 345, RG 109, Roll 0180.
41 Sharpe to Jansen Hasbrouck, February 24, 1864, Sharpe Collection.
42 Babcock to Sharpe, November 19, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
43 Leet to Bowers, November 20, 1864, NARA, RG 108, Entry 112.
44 Sharpe to Patrick, December 15, 1864, NARA, Microcopy 504, Roll 303.
45 Peter G. Tsouras, ed., Scouting for Grant and Meade: The Reminiscences of Judson Knight, Chief of Scouts, Army of the Potomac (Skyhorse Publications, 2014), pp. xxxiii–xxxiv.
46 Theodore Lyman (ed. David W. Lowe), Meade’s Army: The Private Notebooks of Lt. Col. Theodore Lyman (Kent, OH: The Kent State University Press, 2007), p. 338.
47 Sharpe to Meade, January 9, 1865, OR, Vol. 43, Part 3, pp. 75–76.
48 Sharpe to Meade, January 13, 1863, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, pp. 114–15; Lee to Seddon, January 11, 1863, OR, Vol. 43, Part 2, p. 1035.