Antarctica, 8
antinuclear movement/protests, 217, 218–220, 219 (photo)
AP1000 reactor, 158–159, 179, 180
APR1400 reactor, 160 (photo), 161, 167
Arctic Sea, 9
AREVA, 159
Argentina, 133
armed conflict, 11
Armenia-Azerbaijan conflict, 140
Assured Nuclear Fuel Services Initiative, 137
Atlantic conveyor belt, 9
atomic bombings, 100, 101, 130
accidents, 104, 105 (fig.)
electric, 224, 224 (photo), 226
aviation, 104, 105, 105 (fig.), 108–109
Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict, 140
Banqiao, China, 97
battery storage and technology, 64, 68–71
Belarus, 182–183
Beloyarsk nuclear power plant, 185 (photo)
Bhutan, 140
biofuels, 23
BN-600, -800, and -1200 reactors, 185–186, 185 (photo)
Brazil, 133
Breakthrough reactor program, Russia, 183–187, 212
British Columbia, 199–200, 200 (photo), 201
Brownback, Sam, 218
Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant incident, 76
California, 6, 7, 10, 77, 82, 83 (photo), 84, 97, 204–205
nuclear power in, 63
nuclear power plant closings in, 150–151, 151 (fig.)
renewables in, 54, 62–63, 66, 67
Cambodia-Thailand conflict, 140
cap-and-trade system in, 205
carbon emissions in, 208
carbon price in, 199–200, 200 (photo), 201
coal to nuclear power in, 207–208
fourth-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 168
fusion reactor in, 169–170
hydroelectric power in, 148–149, 208
nuclear reactors in, 208
radioactive waste storage in, 122
CAP1400 reactor, 179, 179 (fig.), 180
cap-and-trade system, 202–206
carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), 172–173
carbon emissions, 3, 5 (fig.), 29, 33, 44, 46, 112 (photo), 212–213
in Canada, 208
carbon-intensive model and, 212–213
carbon price and, 191–192
in China, 46, 51, 174, 175, 177
climate change and, 172
computer simulations of, 15
deaths and, for electricity generation, 94 (fig.), 95
energy consumption, world population growth and, 50–52
in France, 154
in Germany, 29, 30 (fig.), 144
global temperature and, 11–12
in Japan, 154
rate of, 3–5
reduction model (French), 209–211, 209 (fig.)
reduction model (MIT), 3–6, 15–16, 73
reduction model (Swedish), 209–210, 209 (fig.)
reduction technology (see technology; nuclear reactor design and technology)
renewables and, 53–55, 55 (fig.)
in Sweden, 21 (fig.), 29, 30 (fig.), 156
trading system, 198, 202–204, 203 (fig.), 205–206
in United States, 174–175
See also carbon pollution; carbon price; decarbonization
Carbon Fee and Dividend, 199
carbon pollution. See carbon emissions
carbon price (aka carbon fee; carbon tax), 191–206, 194 (fig.). See also carbon emissions
CCS. See carbon capture and sequestration
centrifuges, 129, 130 (photo)
Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident, 92–93, 113, 157–158
China, 81, 95, 97, 174–176, 176 (fig.), 177–181, 205, 214, 216
carbon emissions in, 46, 51, 174, 175, 177
coal-burning power in, 4, 56, 58, 181
electricity generation in, 47, 57 (fig.), 77
energy consumption in, 46, 47, 48
floating nuclear reactor, 186
fourth-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 162, 163, 168
nuclear power exports, 181
nuclear reactor(s)/construction/design/standardization and replication/policy change need in, 23, 159, 174–176, 178–181, 179 (photo), 211, 216, 226
Russia, and India as key players in climate change solution, 174–190
solar and wind power in, 61, 62, 65, 177
third-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 160, 179, 179 (photo), 180
The China Syndrome (film), 91, 105
China-India conflict, 140
Citizens Climate Lobby, 199
clean energy, 22, 38–40, 44, 59, 77, 151, 156, 175–176, 216
bipartisan support for, 218
Swedish and German rates of addition, 39, 39 (fig.)
climate change, 3–18
asteroid metaphor and, 12–14, 220
coal as leading cause of, 114, 210
costs, burden sharing and, 223
electricity and, 16–18 (see also electricity; electricity generation)
environmentalism (see environmentalists/environmentalism)
global temperature and, 11–12, 15–16
innovation and, 225–226
politics and, 14, 201, 216–220, 223
pollution and (see carbon emissions; carbon pollution)
population and (see world population/population growth)
risks vs. nuclear power risks, 209
technology and, 16, 75 (see also nuclear reactor design and technology)
timing and, 15–16
tipping points and, 7–12
train metaphor and, 114–115, 115 (photo)
two types of, 6–12
United States and, 218
worst-case outcomes, 10
climate change solutions, 14–15
carbon emissions reduction (see reduction models under carbon emissions)
China, Russia, and India as key players in, 174–190
Drawdown solutions, 75–76
nuables (nuclear power plus renewables), 40, 54, 55, 55 (fig.), 72, 73–74, 74 (photo), 224, 226
nuclear power, 75–76
renewables, 100% (Stanford model), 71–72, 73–74, 76–77
renewables alone, 72
See also Paris Agreement
coal-burning power plants, 31–33, 32 (photo), 35–37, 39–40, 48–50, 184, 198
coal/coal-burning power, 4–5, 61, 66–67, 114, 144, 148, 187–188
accidents/safety record of, 93, 94–95
deaths and illness from, 94–96, 96 (fig.), 105, 112 (photo)
in Germany, 30–34, 35–37, 39–40, 156
lignite, 30–34, 32 (photo)
methane as substitute for, 78–81, 80 (photo), 82
to nuclear power, in Canada, 207–208
vs. nuclear power, 21–22, 24–25, 28, 90, 93–94
waste vs. radioactive waste, toxicity of, 117, 124–125
Cold War, 11, 107–108, 107 (photo), 129, 137, 138
Czech Republic, 132 (photo)
deaths and/or illness
from carbon emissions for electricity generation, 94 (fig.), 95
from coal, 94–96, 96 (fig.), 105, 112 (photo)
from hydroelectric dam failures, 97
from nuclear accidents, 89–91, 92–93, 95–96, 96 (fig.), 102
from radiation, 98–102
decarbonization, 19, 44–46, 72, 80, 162, 165, 172, 206, 207, 212 (fig.), 214, 225, 226
China, India, Russia and, 174
defined, 5–6
electricity generation, carbon emissions and, 212–213
global temperature and, 15–16
model countries and, 19 (see also Germany; Sweden)
nuables and, 54, 55, 55 (fig.)
see also carbon emissions
Deepwater Horizon accident, 95, 97
Deepwater Wind, 60
Denmark, 56
Denver, Colorado, 98
Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant, 150–151, 151 (fig.)
Drawdown solutions, 75–76
earthquakes, 11, 87–91, 93, 102, 105, 154, 158, 166
economic growth, 23, 44, 175, 177, 206, 213
Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor, 159
revamping, 213–215, 213 (photo)
Economist, 58
Ecowatch Global Green Economy List, 225
Ehrlich, Paul, 52
electric highway, 213 (photo)
electricity, 32 (fig.), 72, 148–149, 153 (fig.), 187, 213–214
battery storage and, 68–71
carbon emissions and, 53–55, 55 (fig.)
coal-burning power plants and, 48–50, 56, 58, 117
nuclear power and, 53–55, 55 (fig.), 56, 75–76, 144–145, 150
nuclear weapons and, 113, 124, 134, 154
solar power and, 49, 53–55, 55 (fig.), 56, 62–68
units used to measure, 17–18, 18 (fig.)
wind power and, 53–55, 55 (fig.), 59–61, 74–75
electricity generation, 16–18, 20–28, 29–40, 43, 47, 57 (fig.), 149
reducing carbon-intensity of, 212–213
deaths and carbon emissions and, 94 (fig.), 95
in developing countries, 48–50
See also energy consumption; under specific countries and states
electrification, 213–215, 213 (photo)
Emissions Trading System (ETS), 198, 202–204, 203 (fig.), 205–206
Energiewende (energy transition) policy, 29, 33, 39, 39 (fig.), 55, 69, 212 (fig.)
energy conservation, 43, 44–45, 201–202
energy consumption, 43–50, 49 (photo)
carbon emissions, world population growth and, 50–52
income, world population growth and, 51–52
in poorer vs. richer countries, 45–50, 47 (fig.)
See also electricity generation
energy efficiency, 14–15, 17, 43–46
energy sources
energy storage, 68 (see also battery storage and technology)
environmentalists/environmentalism, 225
climate change and, 12, 14, 50–51
nuclear power and, 53, 59, 93–94, 154, 217, 221
nuclear waste and, 124
personal behavior and, 45
solar power and, 67
world population, climate change and, 50–51
EPR reactor (orig. European Pressurized Reactor), 56, 159–160, 179–180, 189
ESBWR reactor, 159
Ethiopia, 181
ETS. See Emissions Trading Ssytem
Europe, 181
carbon emissions, energy consumption, and population growth in, 51–52
deaths and carbon emissions for electricity generation in, 94 (fig.), 95
deaths from nuclear power and coal in, 96 (fig.)
flooding in, 6
fourth-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 165
“lights on but solar power off,” 65 (photo)
methane in, 79
pollution from power plants in, 33
third-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 158–159
wind power in, 38
European Pressurized Reactor. See EPR
European Union, 197, 198, 202–204, 203 (fig.)
extreme weather, 6–7
Fantanele-Cogealac wind project, 36–37, 36 (photo)
fast breeder reactors, 188, 189
fear. See nuclear power: risks and fears
Finland, 22, 23, 56, 119–120, 127, 182–183, 207, 226
third-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 159–160
first-generation nuclear reactor design and technology, 157. See also third–generation nuclear reactor design and technology; fourth–generation nuclear reactor design and technology
flooding, 6, 7–8, 8 (photo), 13 (photo). See also sea–level rise
Fonda, Jane, 91
Forbes list of Best Countries for Doing Business, 225
Forsmark nuclear power plant, 23–24
fossil fuels, 5, 78, 90, 93, 156, 187, 207
vs. nuclear power, 20–22, 24–25
phasing out, 16–17
See also specific fossil fuels
fourth-generation nuclear reactor design and technology, 161–169, 225
offshore oil-drilling platforms and, 166–167
in Russia, 183–187, 185 (photo), 212, 226
shipyard methods and, 165–168, 166 (photo)
Small Modular Reactor and, 163, 164 (photo)
in United States, 161–169, 218
See also nuclear reactor design and technology
France, 35 (photo), 54, 122, 169, 207, 217, 226
carbon emissions reduction model in, 209 (fig.) 209–211
nuclear power in, 27–28, 113, 154
nuclear reactor design and policy change need in, 159–160, 210–211, 212–213, 212 (fig.)
solar power in, 35 (photo)
third-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 159–160
fuel-efficiency standards, 193
fuel-reprocessing facilities, 135
Fukushima nuclear reactor accident, 30, 88–91, 90 (photo), 100, 101–102, 105, 111, 143–144, 153, 153 (fig.), 154
fusion power, 71
fusion reactor, 169–170
General Electric, 159
geoengineering, 170–173
carbon capture and sequestration, 172–173
carbon capture, atmospheric, 172
reflective geoengineering, 170–172, 171 (fig.)
Georgia (US state), 159
Germany, 29–40
antinuclear movement/protests in, 219 (photo)
carbon emissions in, 144
carbon price in, 198
coal/lignite/coal-burning power plants in, 30–34, 32 (photo), 35–37, 39–40, 50, 156, 184, 187, 198
electricity fuel mix in, 32 (fig.)
electricity generation in, 77
Energiewende (energy transition) policy in, 29, 33, 39, 39 (fig.), 55, 69, 212 (fig.)
fossil fuels replacing nuclear power in, 90, 93
GDP in, 2
methane in, 79
methane imports from Russia to replace coal, 187
negative pricing in, 63
nuclear power costs in, 221
nuclear power in, phasing out, 30–31, 33–34, 39–40
nuclear power closings in, 143–144, 151, 154, 156
nuclear reactor design in, 157, 211
second-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 157
vs. Sweden, and carbon emissions, 29, 30 (fig.)
vs. Sweden, and nuclear power and renewables, 38–40, 39 (fig.)
wind and solar power in, 34–36, 36–40, 61, 66, 67
Ghana, 84
global warming. See climate change
Grand Central Terminal, NYC, 98, 101, 102
granite, radiation from, 98, 101, 102
Great Britain, 44, 59, 60, 160, 223
Greece, 66
Green Party, 216
greenhouse gas, 4. See also carbon emissions; carbon pollution; methane
Greenpeace, 48–49, 95, 143, 155
Gulf of Mexico, 97
Harvard, 7
HEU. See highly enriched uranium
highly enriched uranium (HEU), 129–131, 132–133, 134, 135–136
Hitachi, 159
Hualong One reactor, 180
Hungary, 182–183
hydroelectric power, 20, 23, 40, 53, 58–59, 61, 62, 63, 148–149, 156, 186–187, 208. See also renewables
hydrogen, 215
hydropower. See hydroelectric power
IAEA. See International Atomic Energy Agency
ice sheet, 8–9
ICRP. See International Commission on Radiological Protection
IEA. See International Energy Agency
Illinois, 152
income, energy consumption, and world population growth, 51–52
India, 51, 74, 133, 174–176, 182, 187–190, 226
advanced-reactor research programs in, 189–190
China, and Russia as key players in climate change solution, 174–190
coal-burning power in, 48–50, 174, 187–188
electricity in, 47, 48, 56, 175, 187, 190
energy consumption in, 46–47, 48, 49 (photo)
fourth-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 164, 189
nuclear power/power plants/imports/programs/reactors under construction, 23, 175–176, 176 (fig.), 188–190
India-China conflict, 140
Indian Point nuclear power plant, 152
India-Pakistan war, 138
Indonesia, 11, 13 (photo), 165, 168, 226
industrial toxic waste, 121
innovation, 225–226
Internal Revenue Service, 192
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 131–132, 132 (photo), 133, 134, 135, 160 (photo)
global annual investment in new reactors and, 208, 210
low-enriched uranium and, 136–137
supervision, in India, 188
International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), 99–100, 101
International Energy Agency (IEA), 63–64
Iran, 98, 99, 100, 129, 132, 182
Iran-Iraq war, 138
Israel, 133
Israel-Lebanon conflict, 140
Italy, 66
Jacobson, Mark, 71–72
Jänschwalde coal-burning power plant, 31–33, 32 (photo), 35–37, 39–40, 50, 184, 198
Japan, 51–52, 131, 157, 158, 181, 216
earthquake and tsunami in, 87–91, 90 (photo)
electricity production in, 153 (fig.)
energy consumption in, 43–44
fossil fuels replacing nuclear power in, 90, 93
Hiroshima, bombing of, 100, 101, 130
nuclear safety in, 87–88
See also Fukushima nuclear reactor accident
kärnkraft (nuclear power), in Sweden, 20–28, 38–39, 108. See also nuclear power
Kazakhstan, 136 (photo), 137
Klein, Naomi, 14
Korean Standard Nuclear Plant (KSNP), 178, 180
Korean War, 138
KSNP. See Korean Standard Nuclear Plant
Lac-Mégantic, Canada, 97
LAR. See lifetime attributable risk
Law of the Sea, 192
Lazard, 70–71
Lebanon-Israel conflict, 140
Lester, Richard, 161
LEU. See low-enriched uranium
Libya, 130 (photo)
lifetime attributable risk (LAR), 102–103
Lillgrund wind farm, 59, 60 (photo)
linear no-threshold (LNT) assumption, 100, 101
liquefied natural gas (LNG), 79, 80, 84, 149. See also methane
liquid-fueled reactors, 162–163, 163–164, 165
liquid and gaseous low-carbon fuels, 215
LNG. See liquefied natural gas
LNT assumption. See linear no-threshold assumption
Long Island, 152
Los Angeles, 82, 83 (photo), 84
Low-Carbon Portfolio Standards, 217
low-enriched uranium (LEU), 135–137, 136 (photo)
Macron, Emmanuel, 154
Madison, Wisconsin, 94
Mankiw, Gregory, 192–194
Markbygden wind farm, 25–26
Marshall, George, 14
Massachusetts, 148–149
nuclear power closings in, 145–146, 149, 150
offshore wind power in, 147
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 7, 161, 166, 167, 186
carbon emissions reduction model, 3–6, 15–16, 73
medical procedures, 98–99
methane/methane power plants, 4–5, 9, 61, 66–67, 78–84, 144
carbon emissions and, 78–79, 80, 81, 172
cost of, 64
leaks, 81–82, 83 (photo), 84
safety record of, 97
as substitute for coal, 78–81, 80 (photo), 82
See also liquefied natural gas
Miami, 7
Mississippi, 159
molten salt reactors, 162–165
Nagasaki, 130
National Academy of Sciences, 72
NATO, 192
negative pricing, solar power and, 63
Nepal, 11
New Jersey, 152
New Mexico, 123
New York, 152
New York magazine, 10
New York Times, 73
9/11 attack, 104
Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 133, 134, 135
Nordhaus, William, 196
North America, 181
North Korea, 129, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135
North Korea–US standoff, 138
Norway, 226
NPT. See Non-Proliferation Treaty
NRC. See Nuclear Regulatory Commission
nuables (nuclear power plus renewables), 40, 54, 55, 55 (fig.), 72, 73–74, 74 (photo), 224, 226
death and illness from, 89–91, 92–93, 95–96, 96 (fig.), 102
earthquakes and, 87–91, 102, 105, 154, 158, 166
in Japan, 30, 88–91, 93, 100, 101–102, 104, 105, 111, 143–144, 153, 153 (fig.), 154
tsunamis and, 88–91, 102, 154, 158, 162, 166
in Ukraine, 92–93, 113, 157–158
in United States, 91, 110, 112–113
See also Chernobyl, Fukushima, and Three Mile Island nuclear reactor accidents
nuclear arms race/nuclear stockpiles, 134
nuclear fission, 108, 128, 129
nuclear power, 66–67
“can-do” attitude, 113
carbon emissions and, 53–55, 55 (fig.), 96
vs. coal, 21–22, 24–25, 28, 90, 93–94
as contributor to success, in Sweden, 22–23, 207, 223–226
closing of existing reactors, 143–156
economics and, 213–215, 213 (photo), 218–219, 220–223
environmentalists and, 53, 59, 93–94, 154, 217, 221
expense of, 220–223, 222 (fig.)
kärnkraft (Swedish for “nuclear power”), 20–28, 38–39, 108
large-scale world build-out of, 115, 208. 209–212
lifetime electricity use, waste from, 184
low-enriched uranium and, 135–137, 136 (photo)
nuclear fission and, 128
nuclear-powered ships and, 137–138
offshore oil-drilling platforms and, 166–167
politics and, 216–220
renewables and, 22, 25–27, 38–40, 39 (fig.) (see also nuables)
renewables claimed as replacement for, 73–74, 74 (photo)
replacement by fossil fuels in Germany and Japan, 90, 93
risks and fears, 97–102, 102–103, 104–116, 115 (photo), 120–121, 122, 123, 209
safety, 93, 109–110, 111–114, 116
as solution to climate change, 75–76
in United States, 27, 27 (fig.), 28, 93, 145–152
zero risk and, 110, 120–121, 122–123
See also radioactive waste storage; under specific countries and states
nuclear power plant(s), 113
construction costs, in South Korea, 222 (fig.)
cost of, 144
exports, in Russia, 182–183, 183 (fig.)
in India, 189
large-scale world build-out of, 209–212
vs. nuclear weapons, 128–129
ships, 186
subsidized, in United States, 152
in Sweden, 23–27, 24 (photo), 31–32, 35, 39 (fig.), 40, 50, 56, 72, 87, 152, 154, 155–156, 165, 184
in United States, 143–152
See also specific plants; under specific countries and states
nuclear power programs
IAEA inspection of, 131–132
in India, 188–190
in United Arab Emirates, 135
nuclear proliferation, 128–140, 188
wars and, 138–140, 139 (fig.)
See also nuclear weapons
nuclear reactor design and technology, 133, 157–173, 174–190, 211–212, 221–222
first and second generation, 157, 158 (see also third–generation nuclear reactor design and technology; fourth–generation nuclear reactor design and technology)
military use and, 140
model, in United States, 179
policy change, in China, 211
policy change, in France, 210–211, 212–213, 212 (fig.)
standardization, 210–211
standardization and replication, in China, 178–181
See also third-generation nuclear reactor design and technology; fourth-generation nuclear design and technology; nuclear reactors; technology; under specific countries
nuclear reactor(s)
in Canada, 208
in China, 179–180, 179 (photo), 226
under construction in China, India, and Russia, 176, 176 (fig.)
global annual investment in new, 208–210
number of, 144, 176, 176 (fig.), 179, 182
in Russia, 182
in Syria, 133
in United States, 134
See also nuclear reactor design and technology
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), 126, 159, 210–211
nuclear weapons
centrifuges and, 129, 130 (photo)
countries that have, 133
dismantling of, 134
electricity, technology and, 113, 124, 134, 154
fissile material for, 129
fuel-reprocessing facilities and, 135
highly enriched uranium and, 129–131, 132–133, 134, 135–136
in India, 188
in North Korea, 135
nuclear fission and, 108, 128, 129
vs. nuclear power plants, 128–129
nuclear-powered ships and, 137–138
plutonium and, 130–131, 132, 134
terrorism and, 131
US/Soviet arms race/nuclear stockpiles and, 134
See also nuclear proliferation
NuScale Power, 163, 164 (photo)
Obama administration, 195
offshore oil-drilling platforms, 166–167
oil, 5
Deepwater Horizon accident and, 95, 97
vs. nuclear power, 20–21, 22, 24–25
safety record of, 97
spills at sea, 124
Onagawa nuclear power plant, 87–88
One Belt, One Road initiative, 181
Ontario, Canada, 207–208, 213, 219
Oregon, 163
Oskarshamn nuclear power plant, 23–24
Pacific Northwest (US), 205
Pakistan-India war, 138
Paris Agreement, 3, 4, 155, 220
PHWRs. See Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors
Pilgrim nuclear power plant, 149
Poneman, Daniel, 137
population. See world population/population growth
The Population Bomb (Ehrlich), 52
positive feedback loops, 9
Power Purchase Agreement (PPA), 146–147, 148
PPA. See Power Purchase Agreement
Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs), 188–189
private start-ups, 226
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor, 189
Puerto Rico, 97
radioactive waste
accident, in United States, 123
vs. coal waste, toxicity of, 124–125
environmentalists and, 124
as fuel, 125
storage, 117–127, 123 (photo), 126 (photo)
ways to isolate, 124
radium, 98
rebound effect, 45–46
reflective geoengineering, 170–172, 171 (fig.)
reforestation, 17
refugees, 11
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, 205
Renewable Portfolio Standards, 217
climate change and, 77
vs. methane, 79
nuclear power and, 22, 38–40, 39 (fig.) (see also nuables)
as replacement for nuclear power, 73–74, 74 (photo)
See also nuables; hydroelectric power; solar power; wind power
Ringhals nuclear power plant, 23–27, 24 (photo), 31–32, 35, 50, 56, 87, 152, 154, 165, 184
risk. See nuclear power: risks and fears
Romania, 36–37, 36 (photo)
Russia, 6, 25, 79, 137, 174–176, 182–187, 214
carbon emissions in, 51–52
China, and India as key players in climate change solution, 174–190
export of nuclear reactors by, 182–183
fossil-fuel exports by, 174, 175, 182, 187
fourth-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 183–187, 185 (photo), 212, 226
nuclear power/programs/power plants/power plant ships/power plant exports in, 174, 175–176, 182–183, 183–187, 183 (fig.), 184, 185 (photo), 186, 208, 216, 220
nuclear reactors/reactors under construction in, 176, 176 (fig.), 182
third-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 160
See also Soviet Union
Russia-Ukraine conflict, 140
Saddam Hussein, 132
San Onofre nuclear power plant, 150, 151 (fig.)
sea-level rise, 6, 7–8, 11. See also flooding
second-generation nuclear reactor design and technology, 157. See also third–generation nuclear reactor design and technology; fourth–generation nuclear reactor design and technology
ships
nuclear power plant, 186
nuclear-powered, 137–138
shipyard methods
reactor design and, 165–168, 166 (photo)
Shoreham nuclear power plant, 152
Siemens, 213 (photo)
Siveram, Varun, 65–67
Small Modular Reactor (SMR), 163, 164 (photo), 180
smartphones, 225
SMR. See Small Modular Reactor
solar power, 14–15, 34–36, 35 (photo), 37, 38, 48–49, 56, 62–68, 72, 74, 149, 156, 177, 187
battery storage and, 64, 68–71
compared with nuclear power, 26–27, 55 (fig.)
rate of addition to grid, 39, 54–56, 55 (fig.)
rooftop (or distributed), 64
utility-scale, 64
variability of, 35–36, 62–63, 64
See also renewables; wind power
Solarpark Meuro, 34–35, 35 (photo)
South Africa, 133
South Korea, 179, 181, 219, 226
methane explosion in, 84
nuclear power in, 135, 178, 180, 208, 219
nuclear power in, costs of, 220, 221, 222 (fig.), 223
nuclear power plants in, cancellation and phaseout of, 154–155
nuclear reactor design in, and shipyard methods, 166 (photo)
nuclear reactor exports, 160 (photo), 161, 167, 212
See also APR1400 reactor; Korean Standard Nuclear Plant
South Sudan, 133
Southeast Asia, 58–59
nuclear accidents in, 138 (see also Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident)
See also Russia
Sweden, 115
carbon emissions in, 21 (fig.), 29, 30 (fig.), 156
carbon emissions reduction in, as model, 23, 27, 54, 55 (fig.), 191–192, 207, 209 (fig.) 209–210
carbon price in, 191–192, 197–198, 202, 206
electricity generation in, 20–28, 43
electrification in, 213 (photo), 214
emissions trading system and, 204
energy consumption in, 43
fossil fuels in, 20–22, 24–25, 156
from fossil fuels to nuclear power in, 207
GDP in, 2, 21 (fig.)
hydroelectric power in, 20, 23, 40, 156
industrial toxic waste in, 121
innovation in, 225–226
nuclear power and renewables in, 38–40, 39 (fig.)
nuclear power as contributor to success in, 22–23, 207, 223–226
nuclear power costs in, 220–221
nuclear power in, 20–28, 38–39, 54, 108, 216, 219
nuclear power plant closings, 155–156
nuclear power plants in, 23–27, 24 (photo), 31–32, 35, 39 (fig.), 40, 50, 56, 73, 87, 113, 152, 154, 165, 184
nuclear weapons in, 133
radioactive waste storage in, 118–120, 118 (photo), 121
traffic safety in, 110–111
wind and solar power in, 25–26, 26–27, 59, 156
Taming the Sun (Siveram), 64
Tennessee, 158
Terrestrial Energy, 163, 164–165, 164 (photo)
terrorism, 131
Tesla Model 3, 224
Tesla Powerwall battery, 68, 69–70
Thailand-Cambodia conflict, 140
third-generation nuclear reactor design and technology, 157–161
in China, 160, 179, 179 (photo), 180
in South Korea, 160 (photo), 161, 167, 212
See also nuclear reactor design and technology
Three Mile Island nuclear reactor accident, 91, 110, 112–113
tipping points in climate change, 7–12
Toshiba, 159
traffic safety, 110–111
train metaphor, 114–115, 115 (photo)
transportation, 16, 17, 213–214
traveling wave reactor, 162
Trump, Donald, 4
tsunamis, 11, 87–91, 90 (photo), 102, 154, 158, 162, 166
Turkey, 182–183
typhoons, 6
UAE. See United Arab Emirates
Ukraine, 79, 92–93, 113, 157–158. See also Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident
Ukraine-Russia conflict, 140
“The Uninhabitable Earth,” 10
Union of Concerned Scientists, 112
United Arab Emirates (UAE), 135, 160 (photo), 161, 180, 212, 226
United States, 6
antinuclear movement/protests in, 217, 218–220
arms race in, 134
atomic bomb and, 100, 101, 130
cap-and-trade system in, 205
carbon price in, 191–192, 197, 199
clean energy in, 218
climate change and, 218
energy consumption in, 43–44, 184
fourth-generation nuclear reactor design and technology in, 161–169, 186, 218, 226
hydroelectric dams in, 97
Iraq invasion and, 138–139
nuclear power in, 27 (fig.), 28, 93, 126–127, 134, 144, 217
nuclear power in, cost of, 179, 223
nuclear power plants in, closings of, 143–152
nuclear power plants in, subsidies, 152
nuclear power vs. coal in, 93–94
nuclear weapons in, 129, 130, 134
offshore wind farm in, 60
politics in, 217
radioactive waste storage accident in, 123
radioactive waste storage in, 122–123, 123 (photo), 125–127, 126 (photo)
Three Mile Island nuclear accident in, 91, 110, 112–113
wind power in, 218
uranium/uranium enrichment, 124, 129–137, 136 (photo), 163–165, 188
US Congress, 169
bipartisan support for clean energy, 218
US Food and Drug Administration, 98
US National Research Council, 172
US–North Korea standoff, 138
Vancouver, Canada, 169–170, 200 (photo)
Vermont Yankee nuclear power plant, 126–127, 145–150, 146 (photo), 220–221
violent conflict, 11
Virginia, 159
war(s), 11, 79, 105, 107, 108 (photo), 129, 130, 133, 138–140, 139 (fig.), 187
water contamination, 80
Watts Bar reactor, 158
Weinberg, Alvin, 113–114
West Africa, 8
West Virginia, 95
wildfires, 6
wind power/wind farms, 14–15, 23, 25–28, 72, 77, 149, 218
battery storage and, 68–71
carbon emissions and, 53–55, 55 (fig.)
and nuclear power, 25–26
offshore, 36, 59–60, 60 (photo), 71, 147
in Romania, 36–37, 36 (photo)
in Sweden, 25–26, 59, 60 (photo), 156
See also renewables; solar power
Wisconsin, 94
World Economic Forum, 225
World Health Organization (WHO), 88, 100, 101–102
world population/population growth, 50–52
World Wildlife Federation, 33
Xi Jinping, 181
Yale-Columbia Environmental Performance Index, 225
Yucca Mountain, 123, 123 (photo)