If unspecified, public domain images are from Wikimedia Commons, Google Books, Hathi Trust, Internet Archive, or my own collection.
FIGURES
- FIG. 1. This world map by Erin Greb was made from John B. Putnam, 1967, in Moby-Dick, 3rd ed., ed. Hershel Parker (New York: Norton, 2018), xix; revised with information from Heflin, Herman Melville’s Whaling Years (2004), and Charles Robert Anderson, ed., Journal of a Cruise to the Pacific Ocean, 1842–1844, in the Frigate United States, with Notes on Herman Melville (New York: AMS Press, 1966).
- FIG. 2. Although Browne illustrated some of the images in his narrative, this one of a whaleman aloft was by a previous artist.
- FIG. 3. Courtesy New Bedford Whaling Museum. Dean C. Wright, “Commonplace Book,” aboard the whaleship Benjamin Rush 1841–45 (KWM A-145), which can be read in Frank, Meditations from Steerage: Two Whaling Journal Fragments.
- FIG. 4. Houghton Library, Harvard University, AC85.M4977.839b, courtesy of Melville’s Marginalia Online.
- FIG. 5. Seth King (Melville cartoon, design) and Skye Moret (design).
- FIG. 6. Emese Kazár (2013).
- FIG. 7. Courtesy Williams College Special Collections.
- FIG. 8. Whale illustrations by Uko Gorter. The sources for this table of Ishmael’s cetology are David W. Sisk, “A Note on Moby-Dick’s “Cetology” Chapter,” ANQ: A Quarterly Journal of Short Articles, Notes, and Reviews 7, no. 2 (April 1994): 80–82; Dyer, “Whalemen’s Natural History Observations,” New Bedford Whaling Museum Blog (29 March 2016); and Reeves, et al., Guide to Marine Mammals of the World. I chose Frederick Bennett’s Narrative of a Whaling Voyage Round the Globe (1840) as a baseline nineteenth-century example because he is one of the most careful, comprehensive, and trusted of Melville’s scientific sources for Moby-Dick. There was, however, a huge range in scientific and common names at the time, especially with the large rorquals and between the names for grampus, killer, and thrasher/thresher. For the narwhal, I used the scientific name in Melville’s entry “Whales” in his The Penny Cyclopædia, 292. For “thrasher” as connected to “killer,” I consulted Hamilton, The Naturalist’s Library, 228, and Cheever, The Whale and His Captors, 55, 56, 173. For the twentieth-century mention of the “Algerine,” see Murphy, Logbook for Grace, 146. For the modern scientific names, I’ve followed the convention in which parentheses indicate that the species has since been shifted to within another genus.
- FIG 9. Erin Greb Cartography, after maps in the Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, 3rd ed.
- FIG. 11. Courtesy of The British Museum and Williams College.
- FIG. 12. Courtesy of Mystic Seaport Museum.
- FIG. 13. Sperm whale skin collected c. 2015 in the waters of Kaikōura Canyon, New Zealand by Marta Guerra Bobo. Author’s photo, courtesy Guerra Bobo.
- FIG. 14. Courtesy Mystic Seaport Museum.
- FIG. 15. Courtesy Mystic Seaport Museum.
- FIG. 16. Center for Research Libraries, National Archives, with thanks to McCaffery and Associates.
- FIG. 17. American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection at the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
- FIG. 18. Courtesy David Rumsey Map Collection.
- FIG. 23. Courtesy Williams College.
- FIG. 24. Courtesy of the Falmouth Historical Society.
- FIG. 25. Courtesy of the Nantucket Historical Association.
- FIG. 26. Scoresby’s invertebrates identified by James T. Carlton, pers. comm.
- FIG. 28. The lengthy, detailed caption to this illustration of cutting in a cub sperm whale by Colnett is fascinating reading, found easily in the plates at the back of his narrative or in Madison, The Essex and the Whale, 224.
- FIG 29. Courtesy of the New Bedford Whaling Museum, Log KWM 436.
- FIG. 30. Courtesy of the New Bedford Whaling Museum.
- FIG. 33. Courtesy of Mystic Seaport Museum.
- FIG. 34. Courtesy Stefan Huggenberger. These figures first created and published in color in Huggenberger, et al., “The Nose of the Sperm Whale,” 787, 788.
- FIG. 35. Courtesy of Williams College and the Rubenstein Library, Duke University.
- FIG. 36. Courtesy of Williams College.
- FIG. 39. Courtesy of University of Otago Interloans.
- FIG. 40. Courtesy of Duke University.
- FIG. 41. Courtesy of Williams College.
- FIG. 43. Courtesy of Hal Whitehead, adapted with permission from figures originally published in Sperm Whales: Social Evolution in the Ocean, 20, 130. The global population trajectory is from Whitehead’s “best estimates of the population and model parameters.” Information is limited between 1712 and 1800. See his p. 20 for his source material for the annual sperm whale catch and for leads as to the possible underestimation of both open-boat and modern numbers.
- FIG. 44. This figure was created for this book in August 2018 by Jennifer Jackson, with data courtesy of David Laist and with help from Scott Baker. See Laist, North Atlantic Right Whales, 262. For the full discussion and statistics behind estimates of southern right whale abundance, see IWC, “Report of the Workshop on the Comprehensive Assessment of Right Whales: A Worldwide Comparison,” Journal of Cetacean Research and Management (special issue) 2 (2001): 1–60, and J. A. Jackson, et al., “How Few Whales Were There After Whaling?,” 236–51. As with the sperm whale figures, note the difference between “capture” and “kill,” because thousands more whales died later from wounds after they were harpooned and escaped or they sunk before the whalemen were able to row them back to the ship to try out the oil.
- FIG. 46. Courtesy of Williams College.
- FIG. 50. Courtesy of Williams College and the Watkinson Library, Trinity College.
- FIG. 51. Courtesy of Mystic Seaport Museum. For more on this image, see Dyer, Tractless Sea, 250–56.
- FIG. 52. Specimen No. MCZ BOM 7914. Courtesy of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, photo and measurements by Mark Omura.
- FIG. 53. Courtesy New Bedford Whaling Museum.
- FIG. 54. Courtesy New Bedford Whaling Museum, NBWM 1938.79.3. On sperm whales holding calves in their mouths, see e.g., Whitehead, Sperm Whales: Social Evolution in the Ocean, 275–77, and Kurt Amsler, “Just Born,” AlertDiverOnline (2015), www.alertdiver.com/sperm-whales.
- FIG. 56. Dan Kitwood, Getty Images.
- FIG. 57. Still from Blue Planet II, BBC Studios, 2017.
PLATES
- PLATE 1. Courtesy Mystic Seaport Museum, Dennis Murphy, D2014-07-0210.
- PLATE 2. Captain Ken Bracewell and crew of the Rena, 2014.
- PLATE 3. Tony Wu.
- PLATE 4. Amy Knowlton, Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life at the New England Aquarium. Taken under NOAA/NMFS Permit #15415.
- PLATE 5. Flip Nicklin, Minden photography.
- PLATE 6. Helmut Corneli, Alamy photography.
- PLATE 7. Tim Smith, et al., first published in Smith, et al., “Spatial and Seasonal Distribution of American Whaling and Whales in the Age of Sail,” 2.
- PLATE 8. N. R. Fuller and Sayo-Art, first published in McCauley, et al., “Marine Defaunation,” 1.
- PLATE 9. Courtesy Daniel Aplin, 2018.
- PLATE 10. Chris Fallows, first published in Chris Fallows, et al., “White Sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) Scavenging on Whales and Its Potential Role in Further Shaping the Ecology of an Apex Predator,” PLOS One 8, no. 4 (2013): 7.
- PLATE 11. Ocean Agency/ XL Catlin Seaview Survey, 2014.
- PLATE 12. Andrea Westmoreland, Florida Keys, 2011, via Wikimedia Commons.