INDEX

Page numbers in italics indicate tables.

A

active solar systems, 230–232

advanced cell grazing, 151–152

Aerobic Treatment Units (ATUs), 140–141

aesthetics, in garden planning, 26

agati (Sesbania grandiflora), 120

air, as garden component, 17

alder (Alnus spp.), 105

alfalfa (Medicago sativa), 45

almond (Prunus dulcis), 72, 76

aloe (Aloe spp.), 103

amaranth (Amaranthus spp.), 24, 105

amla (Phyllanthus emblica), 108

analysis, 13

Andrews, Peter, 155

animals, 16, 113–121, 149–155

apple cactus (Cereus repandus), 72–73, 76

apple cider, 209–210

apple trees, 80

apple-ring acacia (Faidherbia albida), 117

apricot (Prunus armenica), 77, 78, 81

apricot chutney, 190

apricot tea cake, 191

artichokes (Cynara cardunculus), 58, 62

ash (Fraxinus spp.), 118

asparagus (Asparagus officinalis), 58, 62

assets, in garden planning, 26

Australia, ecological footprint, 8

avocado (Persea americana), 81–82, 86

B

bamboo, 109, 255–256

banana (Musa spp.), 82, 86

Bangladesh, ecological footprint, 8

barley (Hordeum vulgare), 49

barley grass, 53

basil (Ocimum basilicum), 24, 89–90

basket weaving, 260–261

bay leaf (Laurus nobilis), 90

beans (Fabaceae family), 24, 63, 68

bee plant (Cleome serrulata), 24

beneficial insects, 25

bentonite, 40

bergamot (Monarda didyma), 93

bicycle generators, 235–236

biochar, 42

biodiesel, 238

biodiversity, 14

biodynamic farming, 148–149

biofertilizer, 50–51

biogas, 236–238

biological fuels, 236–238

biological heat production, 239

black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), 105–106

black sapote (Diospyros digna), 84

blackcurrant cordial, 192

bladder senna (Colutea arborescens), 117

block planting, 174

blood meal, 42

bokashi composting, 35

bone meal, 42

borage, 24

boysenberry cordial, 192

Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa), 82, 86

bread, 195, 214–215

broad beans (Vicia faba), 47, 63

broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica), 58, 62

browsers, 115–116

Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea gemmifera), 60

buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), 48

Byrne, Josh, 138

C

cacao (Theobroma cacao), 109

cacti (Cactacerae family), 73, 103–104, 117

cake, apricot, 190

Californian bay tree (Umbellularia californica), 90

calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus), 120

candle making, 263–265

canola (Brassica spp.), 49

cantaloupe (Cucumis melo), 63–64, 68

cape wattle (Paraserianthes lophantha), 106

capeweed (Arctotheca calendula), 18, 53

carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio, 35, 36

carob (Ceratonia siliqua), 117

carrots (Daucus carota), 59, 62

cashew (Anacardium occidentale), 83, 86

cassava (Manihot esculenta), 109–110

catastrophe, design for, 14

catch crops, 46

Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), 55

cauliflower (Brassica oleracea botrytis), 59, 62

cayenne pepper (Capsicum annum), 100

cell grazing, 150–152

centro (Centrosema pubescens), 120

chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), 45, 94

charcoal, 42

cheese, 206–208

cherimoya (Annona cherimola), 85

cherry cordial, 216

chick peas (Cicer arietinum), 47

chickens, 153

chickweed, 52

chili sauce, 196

chill hours, 87

China, ecological footprint, 8

chives (Allium schoenoprasum), 90–91

Churchill, Winston, 8

chutney, apricot, 190

cider, 209–210

cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), 91

citrus, leaf identification, 88

climate change, 1–2

clover (Trifolium spp.), 45

Cluff, Darryl, 156

cold compost, 34–35

collaboration, in garden planning, 23–25

combretum (Combretum aculeatum), 117

comfrey, 24

companion planting, 23–25

compost, 34–39, 39, 42, 176, 239

compost teas, 51

container gardening, 78, 172

cooking, generating energy for, 239–241

Coolgardie safe, 242–243

cooling, generating energy for, 241–243

cordial, 192, 216

coriander (Coriandrum sativum), 91

corn, 23

cotton lavender (Santolina chamae-cyparissus), 98

cover crops, 46–47

cow pea (Vigna unguiculata), 47

cucumber (Cucumis sativus), 64, 68

custard apple (Annona reticulata), 85

D

dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), 93–94

date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), 104

desert date (Balanites aegyptiacus), 117

dioecious plants, 76

diversion drains, 162–163

dock, 53

Doherty, Darren, 160–161

dolomite, 41

dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.), 73, 76

drip irrigation, 128–130

drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera), 110

E

ecological footprint, 8

ecosystems, 18–20

eggplant (Solanum melongena), 64, 67, 68

electricity generation, 232–236

elements, 13, 22–23

elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), 120

elms (Ulmus spp.), 118

energy

embodied, 221–222

energy-efficient housing, 224–230

generation, 232–244

management of, 14, 222–224

English chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), 45, 94

espaliered trees, 78

F

farming

biodynamics, 148–149

business plans, 164–165

conventional, 143–144

grazing management, 149–155

organic, 144–148

fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), 24, 96

fermented fertilizers, 49–51

fermented foods, 203–219

fertilizers, 5, 49–51

fescue (Festuca spp.), 45

feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium), 100–101

fig (Ficus carica), 73, 76

fig jam, 199

flax (Linum usitatissimum), 106

fodder shrubs and trees, 113–121

food, recipes, 189–220

food security, 4–6

food sovereignty, 1, 4–6

forage shrubs and trees, 113–121

fossil fuels, 1, 2–3, 236

fruit trees

for cold climates, 77–81

cultivation of, 87–88

for dryland climates, 72–76

espaliered, 78

guilds, 23–24

for warm humid climates, 81–86

Fukuoka, Masanobu, 173

G

garden salad fruits, top ten, 63–68

garden tools, 185–188

gardens

design considerations, 18–29, 171–175, 227–229

ecological principles, 15–18

ecosystems, 18–20

features, 31–32

implementation schedule, 29–31

garlic (Allium sativum), 59, 62, 96–97

garlic salt, 199

geraniums (Pelargonium spp.), 96, 98

German chamomile (Matricaria recutita), 94

ginger (Zingiber officinale), 94

ginger beer, 212

gliricidia (G. sepium), 120

grain amaranth, 105

grain crops, 48–49

grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), 77, 81

grass clippings, 45

gravel, 45

graywater use, 131–134, 138

grazing management, 115–116, 149–155

green manure, 46–47

ground covers, 44–45

groundwater, 158–159

guava (Psidium guajava), 83, 86, 87

guilds, 23–25

gypsum, 40

H

hand tools, 177–188

hanging baskets, 175

hawthorns (Crataegus spp.), 106–107

hay, 45

hazelnut (Corylus avellana), 77–78, 81

heating, generating energy for, 243–244

Heenan, Lisa, 160–161

Hemenway, Toby, 20

hemp (Cannabis spp.), 107

herbivores, 149–150

herbs, 89–102

hickory (Carya spp.), 107

Holistic Management, 149–150

Holmgren, David, 9, 12

home

design for small spaces, 169–170

energy-efficient design, 224–230

external living areas, 170–171

organization, 167–169

honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos), 120

horses, 153

hot compost, 35–38

hot water systems, 231–232

Hubbert, Marion King, 3

Hugelkultur, 42

human waste, 52, 138–141

humans, as garden component, 17–18

hybrid seeds, 147

hydraulic rams, 235

I

ice-cream bean (Inga edulis), 111

India, ecological footprint, 8

Indian bay leaf (Cinnamomum tamala), 90

Indian siris (Albizia lebbeck), 120

Indian tulip tree (Thespesia populnea), 111

insects, predatory, 97

insulation, 226–227

irrigation systems, 25–26, 125–131, 175–176

J

jams and jellies, 194, 199, 202

Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), 58

jujube (Ziziphus jujuba), 73–74, 76

K

Kakadu plum, 83

kale (Brassica oleracea acephala), 60, 62

kefir, 213, 218

Kei apple (Dovyalis caffra), 74, 76

keyline plan, 158–161

keystone species, 16

kidney weed (Dichondra repens), 45

kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa), 78, 81

knots, 246–248

Kruse, Kym and Georgina, 161

L

lablab (Lablab purpureus), 47

lamb’s quarters (Chenopodium album), 18, 53

landscape plan, 26, 142

laundry detergent, 253–254

lavender (Lavandula spp.), 97

Lawton, Geoff, 151–152

leaf amaranth, 105

lemon, powdered, 201

lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), 94–95

lemon curd, 200

lemon thyme (Thymus citriodorus), 93, 96

lemon trees, 77

lemon verbena (Aloysia citriodora), 95

lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), 95

lemon-scented myrtle (Backhousia citriodora), 96

lentil (Lens culinaris), 47

leucaena (Leucaena leucocephela), 120

lichen, 47

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), 221–222

Lima beans (Phaseolus lunatus), 63

lime, 41

liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), 236

living mulches, 44–45

living walls, 175

loam, 33

lupin (Lupinus spp.), 47

M

mamey sapote (Pouteria sapota), 83–84, 86

mango (Mangifera indica), 84, 86

manure, 50–51

marine couch (Sporobulus virginicus), 118

marjoram (Origanum majorana), 91

marula (Sclerocarya birrea), 74–75, 76

McClymont, Gordon (Bill), 144

meat patties, 193

medical herbs, 99–102

mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), 118

methane, 50

microorganisms, 16

milk kefir, 213

mint (Mentha spp.), 95–96

mirror bush (Coprosma repens), 119

Mollison, Bill, 9, 13, 14

monecious plants, 76

mulberry (Morus spp.), 78, 81, 118

mulberry cordial, 192

mulch, 42, 43–45

mung bean (Vigna radiata), 47

N

nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus), 24, 45, 97

Natal plum (Carissa macrocarpa), 74

native plants, 31

natural gas, 236

Natural Sequence Farming, 155–156

needs analysis, 21

neem tree (Azadirachta indica), 99, 111

nesting boxes, 31–32

nitrogen-fixing plants, 46–47

nut trees

for cold climates, 77–81

cultivation of, 87–88

for dryland climates, 72–76

for warm humid climates, 81–86

O

oaks (Quercus spp.), 119

oats (Avena sativa), 49

observation, 13, 20–21

olive (Olea europaea), 75, 76

onions (Allium cepa), 60, 62

open-pollinated seeds, 147

orange (Citrus sinensis), 78–79, 81

oregano (Origanum vulgare), 91

organic farming, 144–148

P

papaya (Carica papaya), 84, 86

paper, handmade, 248–250

parsley (Petroselinum crispum), 91

passionfruit (Passiflora edulis), 78, 79, 81

passive solar houses, 224–230

pasture cropping, 156–157

patterns, 13

Patterson’s curse (Echium plantagineum), 18

paulownia (Paulownia spp.), 107–108

peak oil, 1, 2–3

pear trees, 80

pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), 48

peas (Pisium sativum), 47, 64–65, 68

pecan (Carya illinoinensis), 79, 81, 107

pedal power, 235–236

pelargonium (Pelargonium spp.), 96, 98

peppermint (Mentha x piperita), 95, 101

peppers (Capsicum annuum), 65, 68

permaculture

about, 10–12

design fundamentals, 12–14

origins of, 9

persimmon (Diospyros kaki), 78, 79–80, 81

personal protective equipment (PPE), 177–179

pest control, 25, 96–99

pesticides, 5, 145

pH levels, 53

photovoltaic cells, 232–233

pickles, zucchini, 197

pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), 120

pigface (Carpobrotus spp.), 45

pigs, 153

pine needles, 43

pineapple (Ananas comosus), 85, 86

pioneer plants, 15

pistachio (Pistacia vera), 75, 76

placement, 22

plantain, 53

plants

effect of freezing, 142

factors affecting water usage, 128

function in garden, 15–16, 23–25

plastic sheeting, 45

playdough, 256–257

plum cordial, 216

pollution, 2

Polyface Farm, 152–154

pomegranate (Punica granatum), 75, 76, 78

poplars (Populus spp.), 119

population, 4, 5

potash, 41

potato (Solanum tuberosum), 61, 67

prickly pear (Opuntia spp.), 73

productivity, 14

prunings, 45

pulses, 46

pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo), 66, 68

pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium), 97–98, 145

Q

quince jelly, 202

R

rainwater harvest and management, 134–138, 158–161, 162–163

raised garden beds, 173

raspberries

cordial, 192, 216

jam, 194

recalcitrant seeds, 112, 257, 259

redcurrant cordial, 192

RegenAG, 161

regenerative agriculture, 161–162

Regenerative Water Harvesting, 155–156

Regrarians Platform, 160–161

relish, tomato, 196

requirements, 13

resources, 7, 14, 26

reverse-bank interceptors, 163

rhubarb cordial, 216

rock dust, 40

rock phosphate, 41

rocket mass heaters, 241

rocket stoves, 241

Roman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile), 45, 94

rope, 262–263

rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), 92

rotational grazing, 150–151

rotenone, 145

rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), 112

rue (Ruta graveolens), 98

rural farming strategies, 143–165

rye (Secale cereale), 49

S

Salatin, Joel, 152–154

salt, garlic, 199

saltbush (Atriplex spp.), 118

Savory, Allan, 149, 159

sawdust, 42

scented geraniums (Pelargonium spp.), 96, 98

scoria, 45

season extension, 173–174

sector planning, 22

seed saving, 65, 112, 147–148, 257–259

Seis, Colin, 156

septic tanks and sewage, 138–141

sheep, 153

sheet mulching, 34–35

Smith, J Russell, 10

soap making, 251–253

society, restructure of, 9

soil

about, 33–34

ecosystems, 157–158

as garden component, 16–17

health of, 41, 52–55

soil amendments, 40–43

solar air panels, 231

solar dryers, 244

solar ovens, 239–240

solar stills, 243–244

solar systems, active, 230–232

solar water heaters, 243–244

sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), 48

sorrel, 53

sourdough bread, 214–215

soursop (Annona muricata), 85, 86

soybean (Glycine max), 47

sparkling cordial, 216

spearmint (Mentha spicata), 95

spelt bread, 195

spinach (Spinacia oleracea), 60–61, 62

spinifex (Spinifex and Triodia spp.), 104

spongelite, 41

Sponholtz, Craig, 155

squash (Cucurbita maxima, C. moschata and C. mixta), 24, 66, 68

stacking garden strategy, 171–172

stinkwort, 53

stone, 45

stormwater capture, 142

straw, 45

strawberries (Fragaria ananassa), 80, 81

strawberry cordial, 216

strawberry guava (Psidium littorale), 83

strip grazing, 150–151

structures, as garden component, 17

subclover (Trifolium subteraneum), 47

succession planting, 173

sulfur, 40

summer savory (Satureja hortensis), 92

sunflowers (Helianthus annuus), 48

sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea), 48, 120

sustainability, 7–9

swales, 162

sweet chili sauce, 196

sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), 45, 61, 62

symbiosis, 47

T

tagasaste (Chamaecytisus palmensis), 119

tamarind (Tamarindus indica), 112

tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), 98–99

tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus), 92

tea, herbal, 93–96

tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia), 101

thermal mass, 225

thyme (Thymus spp.), 45, 92–93, 96

tomato relish, 196

tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), 66–67, 68

tools, 180–188

topography, in garden planning, 26

Trainer, Ted, 8

Tree Crops (Smith), 10

tree medic (Medicago arborea), 119

trees

bare root stock, 31

forage, 113–121

fruit and nut, 72–86

triticale (Triticum spp.), 49

turbines, 233–235

U

UK, ecological footprint, 8

urban farming strategies, 167–176

USA, ecological footprint, 8

V

vegetables

fermented, 211

graywater use, 132

growing hints, 69–70

top ten, 57–68

underground crops, 110

ventilation, 226

vertical gardening, 172

vetch (Vicia spp.), 44, 45

vinegar, 217

Voisin, Andre, 151

W

walnut trees, 79

wastewater, 138–141

water

conservation, 123–125

as garden component, 17

generating energy from, 234–235

irrigation systems, 25–26, 125–131, 175–176

solar heaters, 243–244

water capture

drains, 162–163

graywater reuse, 131–134

keyline plan, 158–161

in landscape, 142

rainwater harvest, 134–138

water kefir, 218

watermelons (Citrullus lanatus), 64

wattles (Acacia spp.), 118, 119

wealth, 8

weather, changes in, 1–2

weaving baskets, 260–261

weeds, value of, 15, 52

wheat (Triticum spp.), 49

white cedar (Melia azedarach), 108

white sapote (Casimiroa edulis), 84

wildlife habitat, 31

willows (Salix spp.), 119

wind, function in garden, 17

wind generators, 233–234

window boxes, 172–173

windows, 229–230

winter savory (Satureja montana), 92

WISALTS (Whittington Interceptor Sustainable Agricultural Land Treatment System), 163

Wise, Sally, 189

wood, for fuel, 240–241

wood ash, 42

wood-fired ovens, 241

wormwood (Artemisia spp.), 99

Y

yarrow, 24

Yeomans, PA, 158–160

yogurt, 207, 219

yucca (Yucca spp.), 104

Z

zeolite, 41

zero growth economy, 8

zones, in garden planning, 22

zucchini (Cucurbia pepo), 67, 68

zucchini pickles, 197

zucchini slice, 198