Contents

Foreword by James H. Jones

Preface by Allan M. Brandt and Larry R. Churchill

Acknowledgments

Introduction. More Than a Metaphor: An Overview of the Scholarship of the Study

Susan M. Reverby

PART I. OVERVIEW

Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment

Allan M. Brandt

Events in the Tuskegee Syphilis Project: A Timeline

Susan E. Bell

PART II. CONTEMPORARY BACKGROUND

The Shadow of the Plantation: Survival

Charles S. Johnson

Shadow on the Land: Syphilis, the White Man’s Burden

Thomas Parran

PART III. DOCUMENTING THE ISSUES

Selected Letters between the United States Public Health Service, the Macon County Health Department, and the Tuskegee Institute, 1932–1972

Syphilis Victims in U.S. Study Went Untreated for 40 Years

Jean Heller

Untreated Syphilis in the Male Negro: Mortality during Twelve Years of Observation

J. R. Heller and P. T. Bruyere

Twenty Years of Followup Experience in a Long-Range Medical Study

Eunice V. Rivers et al.

Interview with Four Survivors, United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare Study, 1973

Testimony by Four Survivors from the United States Senate Hearings on Human Experimentation, 1973

Testimony by Peter Buxton from the United States Senate Hearings on Human Experimentation, 1973

Selections from the Final Report of the Ad Hoc Tuskegee Syphilis Study Panel, Department of Health, Education and Welfare, 1973

PART IV. THE QUESTION OF TREATMENT

The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis

R. H. Kampmeier

The Contribution of the Tuskegee Study to Medical Knowledge

Charles J. McDonald

The “Tuskegee Study” of Syphilis: Analysis of Moral versus Methodologic Aspects

Thomas Benedek

Non-Random Events

Barbara Rosenkrantz

PART V. HISTORICAL RECONSIDERATION

The Rhetoric of Dehumanization: An Analysis of Medical Reports of the Tuskegee Syphilis Project

Martha Solomon [Watson]

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study in the Context of American Medical Research

Susan Lederer

A Case Study in Historical Relativism: The Tuskegee (Public Health Service) Syphilis Study

John C. Fletcher

The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: Biotechnology and the Administrative State

Benjamin Roy

PART VI. RETHINKING THE ROLE OF NURSE RIVERS

An Interview with Nurse Rivers

Helen Dibble and Daniel Williams

Your Silence Will Not Protect You: Nurse Rivers and the Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Evelynn M. Hammonds

Neither Victim nor Villain: Eunice Rivers and Public Health Work

Susan L. Smith

Rethinking the Tuskegee Syphilis Study: Nurse Rivers, Silence, and the Meaning of Treatment

Susan M. Reverby

Reflections on Nurse Rivers

Darlene Clark Hine

PART VII. THE LEGACY OF TUSKEGEE

Proper Uses and Abuses of the Health Care Delivery System for Minorities, with Special Reference to the Tuskegee Syphilis Study

Vernal G. Cave

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932–1972: Implications for HIV Education and AIDS Risk Education Programs in the Black Community

Stephen B. Thomas and Sandra Crouse Quinn

When Evil Intrudes

Arthur L. Caplan

The Dangers of Difference

Patricia A. King

Under the Shadow of Tuskegee: African Americans and Health Care

Vanessa Northington Gamble

Selections from the United States Senate Committee Hearings for the Nomination of Dr. Henry Foster for Surgeon General of the United States, May 1995

Families Emerge as Silent Victims of Tuskegee Syphilis Experiments

Carol Kaesuk Yoon

PART VIII. KEY ACTORS RETHINK THE STUDY

Summary of Ad Hoc Committee to Consider the Tuskegee Study, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, February 6, 1969

The Lawsuit

Fred Gray

Outside the Community

Harold Edgar

Venereal Disease Control by Health Departments in the Past: Lessons for the Present

John C. Cutler and R. C. Arnold

The Infamous Tuskegee Syphilis Study

George A. Silver

Dr. Cutler’s Response

John C. Cutler

Deadly Medicine

Tom Junod

PART IX. IMAGINING THE TUSKEGEE SYPHILIS STUDY

Selections from Miss Evers’ Boys

David Feldshuh

Tuskegee Experiment

Sadiq

Civil Servant

Essex Hemphill

PART X. APOLOGY AND BEYOND

Legacy Committee Request

Statement of Attorney Fred Gray

Herman Shaw’s Remarks

President William J. Clinton’s Remarks

The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World

Marcia Angell

Ethical Complexities of Conducting Research in Developing Countries

Harold Varmus and David Satcher

Uses and Abuses of Tuskegee

Amy L. Fairchild and Ronald Bayer

A Guide to Further Reading

Index

A section of illustrations follows page 181.