1 Percent, the
conceptions of, 5, 197, 214–17
income share of, 1, 17, 53, 54, 228, 237n7
partisan politics and, 185, 203, 225, 226
rhetoric of, 55, 101, 108, 121, 150–4, 214
role in the 99 Percent movement, 164, 198, 199
as target, 37, 51, 73, 132, 178, 179, 185, 213, 216
wealth of, 3, 38, 53, 55, 203, 214
See also 99 Percent, the; class; power; inequality; Wall Street
15-M. See indignados; movement, 15-M; Puerta del Sol; Spain
99 Percent, the
coalitions, 7, 55, 91, 185, 186, 202–4, 219–21, 224
conceptions of, 5, 50, 53–55, 214–17
differences among, 9, 10, 57, 97–101, 103, 164–66, 201, 215, 246n15
as identity, 55, 57, 65, 97, 153, 214–15
income share of, 8, 17, 53, 54, 217, 237n7–8
invention of, 43, 52–8, 212–13
movement, 6, 8, 12, 13, 27, 54, 55, 58, 98, 101, 121, 151, 152, 166, 182, 195, 196, 201, 206, 212, 219, 226–8, 235n14
Occupy Wall Street and, 1–3, 52, 56, 67, 74, 76, 82, 113, 157, 169, 207, 209, 211, 218
partisan politics and, 121, 185, 201–4, 220, 225–6
rhetoric of, 1–3, 55–7, 64, 65, 83, 88, 121, 143, 146, 147, 153–5, 184, 192, 193, 206, 226, 242n26
See also 1 Percent, the; alliances; class; inequality; occupiers; Occupy Wall Street
99 Percent, We Are the, 1, 56, 212
99 Pickets, 187, 190. See also May Day; movement, labor; picket lines
acampadas. See movement, 15-M; occupation, tactic of
accountability, 123, 124, 177, 178, 215
action
autonomous, 52, 122, 169, 177–80, 185, 187, 196, 216, 220, 254n14
avenues of, 28, 77, 170, 180, 227
collective, 6, 10, 27, 178, 179
action (cont.)direct, 4, 11, 52, 68, 71, 73–9, 93, 95, 115–20, 140, 151–4, 161, 174–80, 185, 196, 197, 201, 205, 211, 213, 216, 217, 227
high-risk, 177, 178, 180, 190, 207, 223
mass, 10, 23, 38, 82–90, 94–97, 113–20, 129–31, 177–80, 151–7, 195–7, 212, 213
police, 10, 13, 73, 77–9, 88–90, 108–9, 115–21, 127–31, 140–50, 153–4, 158–61, 187–93, 196–7, 206–8, 213, 251n2, 258n13
See also civil disobedience; occupation, tactic of; strategy; tactics, police; working group, Direct Action
Adbusters, 20, 42–5, 51, 55, 61, 81, 135, 205
affinity groups, 5, 8, 60, 61, 63, 122, 123, 124, 130, 135, 148, 152–4, 165, 166, 176, 177, 187, 189, 206, 208, 219, 220, 243n2. See also Ninjas; Recidivists
Afghanistan, war in, 131, 160. See also United States, military; veterans
African Americans, 17, 21, 57, 76, 98–101, 167, 171, 180, 201, 222
aganaktismenoi, 32–4, 194. See also Greece; Syntagma Square
AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), 37, 74, 201
alliance
Occupy-faith, 68, 99, 103, 135, 148, 162, 174, 175, 220, 221
Occupy-labor, 9, 10, 91–7, 151, 156, 180–3, 186, 187, 220, 245n5
Occupy-nonprofit, 5, 7, 9, 10, 96, 152, 186, 207, 220, 221
Alliance for Labor Rights, Immigrant Rights, and Jobs for All, 186
alliances
breakdown of, 5, 9, 179, 180, 193, 206–7, 219–21
cross-class, 39, 57, 185, 198, 199, 219
electoral, 33, 185, 201–4, 225, 226
intergenerational, 27, 77, 129, 171, 200, 201, 219, 220
multiracial, 39, 76, 77, 97–101, 129, 160, 191, 219
among power players, 5, 7, 8, 114, 136, 185, 219, 221–3
American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 92–3, 95, 109, 151, 257n4. See also alliance, Occupy-labor; union, labor
American Federation of State, County, and Municipal Employees (AFSCME), 92, 94, 156
American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC), 185
anarchists, 47, 53, 65, 81, 91, 125, 150, 177, 178, 200, 216
in Occupy Wall Street, 46–8, 20, 152, 166, 187, 214, 242n21
policing of, 91, 136, 187, 191, 196, 197
socialists and, 20, 46–8, 51, 214
See also action, direct; assemblies; horizontalism; ideology, political; revolution
Anonymous, 39, 45, 54, 65, 241n8
ANTARSYA, 33
anti-capitalism. See capitalism
anti-racism. See racism
Arab Spring, 13, 22, 24, 27, 29, 31, 40, 212, 238n16
Argentina, 4, 21, 50, 103, 238n12
arrests
effects of, 177, 178, 184, 207, 223
of journalists, 77, 81, 141, 197
in Madrid, Spain, 30
mass, 10, 88, 90, 115, 129, 136, 137, 150, 152, 197, 222
in New York City, 72–4, 76, 77, 79, 88–91, 100, 115–20, 137, 144–9, 151–4, 177, 184, 207, 213
See also action, direct; action, police; civil disobedience; tactics, police
assemblies
general, 5, 8–11, 46–51, 56, 66–8, 83, 100, 101, 104, 105, 120, 125, 132, 134, 169, 186
popular, 21, 29–32, 38, 39, 42, 113, 193, 194, 208
See also consensus; democracy, direct; horizontalism; New York City General Assembly
assembly, freedom of, 2, 51, 74, 90, 109, 117, 120, 128, 131, 134, 150, 197, 198
Athens, 31–2, 34, 66. See also Greece; Syntagma Square
Atlanta, 3, 12, 136, 171, 182, 198, 261n11. See also Occupy, Atlanta
austerity
99 Percent movement and, 3, 9, 55, 56, 220
agenda, 7, 25, 27, 46, 212, 224
effects of, 25, 31, 38, 56, 70, 103, 169, 207, 220
in New York City, 8, 36–8, 42, 46, 62, 93, 236n17
See also budget cuts; crisis, fiscal; safety net; workers, public sector
autonomy, 4, 9, 105, 128, 177, 178, 187, 218, 235n16, 254n14. See also action, autonomous; Occupy Wall Street, electoral politics and
Bank of America, 19, 128, 172, 173, 185, 195, 208
banks
investment, 14, 51, 62, 70, 139, 175, 179
lending by, 8, 19, 77, 78, 170–2, 221
protests against, 15, 16, 36, 37, 45, 61, 77, 78, 115, 167–73, 189, 190, 195, 200, 201, 208, 211
security of, 128, 139, 172, 174, 189, 222
See also specific banks and financial firms; crisis, financial; debt; Wall Street
Barron, Charles, 89
Ben Ali, Zine El Abidine, 23
Ben and Jerry’s Foundation, 198
Bill of Rights, 15, 51, 150. See also assembly, freedom of; liberties, civil
black bloc, 131, 191, 196, 197. See also riots; tactics, diversity of
blockades, 146, 147, 151–4, 179, 180, 208, 211. See also action, direct; disobedience, civil
Bloomberg, Michael, 36–8, 42, 90, 106–9, 111, 114, 139, 140, 148, 222, 225, 240n4
Bloombergville, 38–42, 45, 108
Boehner, John, 37
Bologna, Anthony, 79
Boston, 77, 108, 109. See also Occupy, Boston
Bouazizi, Mohamed, 23
Bowling Green, 15, 36, 59, 60, 74, 75, 206
Bronx, the, 76, 108, 115, 146, 155
Brookfield Properties, 64, 106–9, 111, 112 114, 139, 143, 144, 148, 149, 173, 223
Brooklyn, 76, 82, 88, 91, 93, 103, 114, 146, 155, 180, 188, 191
Brooklyn Bridge, 75, 82, 85–7, 89, 90, 95, 99, 140, 145, 151, 152, 157, 209, 213, 222
budget cuts, 36, 38, 93, 169, 220, 224. See also austerity; crisis, fiscal; safety net
businesses. See banks; capital; corporations
Cablevision Systems Corp., 180–1
Cairo, 23, 24, 26, 33, 39, 238n16
California, State of, 224
California, University of (UC), 22, 137, 158, 159, 160
campaign finance. See reform, electoral
capacity, 9, 50, 103, 198, 201, 218, 220, 222, 227
capital
financial, 7, 15, 21, 37, 106, 124, 170
labor and, 17, 25, 93, 189, 190, 224
state and, 4, 7, 64, 108, 109, 127, 128, 136, 194, 221–3, 225
See also 1 Percent, the; banks; class; corporations; Wall Street
capitalism
in crisis, 7, 14–20, 34, 212, 234n6
capitalism (cont.)critique of, 4, 41, 82, 128, 166, 206, 214–17, 224–5
and democracy, 5, 30, 33, 71, 214–16, 234n7
See also class; competition; crisis, economic; democracy; inequality
cattle pens. See police, barricades
Chamber of Commerce, 86, 128, 223. See also corporations; power, corporate
Charging Bull, the, 15, 36, 43, 46, 59–61
Charlotte, North Carolina, 195, 197, 203
Chicago
Anti-Eviction Campaign, 172
City of, 3, 12, 22, 120, 121, 171, 195, 196, 197
Police Department (CPD), 120, 121, 196
Teachers Union (CTU), 120, 262n32
See also North Atlantic Treaty Organization; Occupy, Chicago
children, 57, 83, 89, 97, 99, 101, 155
Chochenyo Ohlone, 100
churches, 103, 144, 148, 162, 163, 175–177, 219, 221
citizenship, 5, 8, 25, 26, 28, 32, 45, 104, 105, 113, 129, 131, 136, 139, 165, 174, 186, 194, 212, 213, 215, 217, 219, 226, 234n7
civil disobedience. See action, direct; arrests; disobedience, civil
Clark, Richard, 107
class
coalitions, 7, 27, 39, 57, 77, 201, 219–21, 226, 234n8
divisions among occupiers, 40, 123, 124, 134, 164, 165, 201, 218–19
identity, 5, 10, 55, 57, 65, 97, 153, 202, 214, 215
lower, 7, 21, 23, 57, 76, 116, 134, 162, 164, 174, 218, 220, 221
middle, 2, 7, 20, 23, 27, 57, 76, 116, 201
politics of, 28, 58, 214, 219, 224, 240n4
ruling, 58, 123, 150, 214, 234n7
working, 7, 27, 57, 76, 84, 96, 160, 186, 192, 201, 207
See also 1 Percent, the; 99 Percent, the; alliances, cross-class; inequality; power
climate justice. See fossil fuels; movement, environmental; Occupy, Sandy
Clinton, Bill, 62
Coalition Against the NATO/G8, 196
coalitions. See specific organizations; 99 Percent, the, coalitions; alliances
collectives, 44, 79–81, 90, 99, 122, 133, 209
Committee, Finance, 122, 124, 164
Committee, Labor Outreach, 11, 76, 93, 157, 182
committees of correspondence, 127. See also InterOccupy
Communication Workers of America (CWA), 92, 95, 156, 180, 182, 186
community
agreement, 164
based organizations, 77, 96, 152,186, 206–207, 208, 219–21
organizing, 22, 39, 67, 166, 184, 196, 209–12, 215, 226
competition, 79, 105, 123, 164, 166, 178, 221
conference calls, 126, 136, 152
Conference of Mayors, U.S., 138
Congress, U.S., 16, 37, 46. See also political parties; government, federal
consensus
blocking, 50, 99, 104, 125, 218
critique of, 9, 50, 105, 215, 218, 219, 243n9, 247n20
history of, 4, 238n15, 243n9, 261n19
in Occupy Wall Street, 48–50, 52, 65, 66, 81, 109, 125, 142, 214–18
See also assemblies; democracy, direct; horizontalism; New York City General Assembly
control, crowd. See tactics, police
control, social, 33, 87, 90, 127, 134, 165, 174, 213
cooptation, 7, 8, 55, 82, 151, 152, 201–4, 225, 226. See also alliances, electoral
among occupiers, 8, 79, 104, 105, 122–7, 164, 171, 179
among power players, 7, 136, 150, 157, 195, 223
coordinators, 72, 73, 102, 114, 116, 123, 126, 134, 165, 218, 219
corporations, 16, 42, 45, 79, 80, 101, 114, 139, 158, 180, 202, 216, 217, 221, 227
counterinstitutions, 68–70, 122, 161–4, 190, 194, 209, 220, 221
counterprotests, 16, 53, 139, 155
counterterrorism, 91, 136, 139, 143, 188, 195–8, 206, 250n31–2
courts, 95, 111, 142, 147–9, 171, 177, 199
crime, 46, 90, 95, 134, 177, 185, 187, 222
criminalization, 107, 115, 174, 177, 199, 223, 227
crisis
economic, 10, 16–20, 27, 33–4, 51, 73, 76, 84, 212–13, 221, 234n6
financial, 6–7, 13, 14–16, 28, 37, 93, 212, 224, 237n3
fiscal, 25, 31, 37 (see also austerity)
housing, 18, 20 167–72, 185, 220
political, 7, 9, 13, 73, 213, 234n6
See also austerity; banks; foreclosures; Great Recession, the; unemployment
critical infrastructure, 136, 139, 197, 222
cyberspace, 15, 20, 44, 45, 67, 98, 154, 242n31. See also hacktivism; media, social; Web, the
Davis, Troy, 72, 75, 76, 83, 98
De Blasio, Bill, 109, 225, 263n39
debt
99 Percent movement and, 2, 51, 56, 57, 65, 148, 155, 206, 288
household, 19, 84, 100, 155, 167–72, 201, 212, 221, 254n3–6
student, 10, 19, 20, 97, 116, 155, 158, 160, 200, 201, 206, 215, 217
See also austerity; banks; capital, financial; deficits; foreclosures
decision-making, modes of, 4, 5, 8, 9, 21, 48, 217–19, 243n9. See also assemblies; consensus; democracy, direct; New York City General Assembly, decisions of; horizontalism
Declaration of the Occupation of New York City, 8, 99, 235n11, 246n15
deficits, 25, 46, 152, 205, 212. See also austerity; budget cuts
demands, 23, 30, 44, 51, 55, 69, 93, 166, 182, 214, 220, 227
Democracia Real Ya (DRY). See indignados; movement, 15-M; Spain
democracy
capitalism and, 5, 30, 33, 71, 214–16, 234n7
direct, 4, 5, 8, 9, 13, 21, 30, 32, 50, 81, 104, 124, 161, 185, 216–19, 243n9, 247n20
meanings of, 32, 47–8, 50, 177, 202, 216
in the movement of the squares, 28, 30–4, 212
representative, 7, 121, 185, 201–4, 215, 216, 225, 226, 236n18
in the United States, 26, 28, 44, 121, 151, 185, 217, 227–8, 234n6–7
See also assemblies; consensus; decision-making, modes of; horizontalism; participation
Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC), 110, 121
Democratic National Convention (DNC), 197, 203
Democratic Socialists of America (DSA), 110
demonstration effect, 27, 95, 212, 226. See also Occupy Wall Street, impact of
Des Moines, Iowa, 108, 109, 137
dictatorship, military, 23, 28, 32, 159
direct action. See action, direct; civil disobedience; working group, Direct Action
disenfranchisement, 6, 97, 207, 226. See also African Americans; immigrants, undocumented
disobedience, civil, 2, 28, 37, 93, 107, 112, 118, 135, 157, 159, 185, 205, 208, 212. See also action, direct; arrests; blockades; occupation, tactic of; strategy
disruption, 37, 73, 74, 76, 140, 153, 179, 180, 185, 188, 205, 213, 222
Domestic Security Alliance Council, 139
donors, 7, 8, 26, 71, 102, 122, 164, 192, 198, 199, 202, 219, 220, 234n7
drugs, 101, 106, 107, 134. See also criminalization; tactics, police
drummers, 15, 39, 70, 72, 78, 87, 106, 115, 116, 129, 130, 176, 183, 190
Duarte Square, 135, 145, 148, 176
East New York, 103, 167, 168, 174
economics, trickle-down, 7, 44, 51
education
public, 19, 55, 57, 156, 158, 160
See also specific schools and universities; movement, student; occupiers, student
elections, U.S.
of 2008, 20, 25, 120, 212, 226
of 2010, 25, 40, 121, 202, 212
of 2012, 10, 194, 202, 207, 224–6, 256n25, 259n23
See also specific parties and candidates; Occupy Wall Street, electoral politics and
emotions, 15, 16, 17, 18, 43, 44, 65, 66, 68, 73, 84, 104, 119, 160, 178, 237n6
Eurozone, the, 31, 33, 34, 240n30. See also debt, sovereign; Greece; Spain
eviction
of homeowners, 19, 21, 22, 56, 100, 169, 171, 172
of occupiers, 1, 6, 9, 13, 30, 133, 136, 137, 139, 152, 207, 222–4
See also banks; crisis, housing; foreclosures; Occupy, Our Homes; police, raids
Export Grain Terminal (EGT), 179, 181. See also workers, longshore
facilitation, 47, 48–50, 72, 99, 103–5, 122–5, 127, 164, 165, 200, 214, 217–19. See also consensus; New York City General Assembly; working group, Facilitation
factions, 46, 50, 166, 175, 214, 220. See also affinity groups
Fanon, Franz, 156
Fast Food Forward, 224, 262n31. See also movement, labor; union, labor
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 136, 138, 195, 250n31
Federal Reserve, the, 14, 15, 17, 53
feminism, 24, 99, 215, 217, 223, 247n20, 261n19, 262n26. See also gender; movement, women’s liberation; occupiers, female-identified
Ferguson, Missouri, 222. See also police, militarization of
finance. See banks; capital, financial; crisis, financial; Wall Street
Foley Square, 95, 97, 141, 142, 145, 149, 152, 156, 157, 227
food. See People’s Kitchen; working group, Food
foreclosures, 10, 19, 22, 100, 133, 155, 167–74, 186, 211, 221, 253n2, 254n3. See also crisis, housing; evictions; movement, housing; Occupy, Our Homes
fossil fuels, 1, 185, 227, 260n4. See also crisis, climate; movement, environmental
Free University, the, 191, 210
frozen zone, 10, 140, 141, 143, 144, 146, 222
funding. See donors; Movement Resource Group; Occupy Wall Street, funding of
Fusion Centers, State and Major Urban Area, 136, 138, 250n31
gender, 12, 97, 99, 118, 124, 134, 178, 215, 223, 261n19. See also feminism; occupiers, female-identified; occupiers, male-identified; occupiers, LGBT
general assembly. See assemblies, general; democracy, direct; New York City General Assembly
gentrification, 167, 174. See also Brooklyn; inequality, in New York City; movement, housing
GlobalRevolution.tv, 80, 81, 108
Goldman Sachs, 139, 173, 179, 208
government
federal, 7, 9, 16, 51, 95, 136, 139, 196–8, 212, 222, 223, 234n6, 236n17
municipal, 3, 7–9, 25, 36–9, 42, 94, 109, 117, 120, 121, 127, 128, 134, 136, 139, 140, 169, 195, 221–3, 236n17, 240n4. See also specific cities
state, 7–9, 19, 25–7, 45, 55, 72, 93, 94, 108, 158–60, 182, 185, 211, 212, 222, 226
See also Argentina; Egypt; Greece; Mexico; Spain; United Kingdom
Grassroots Global Justice, 96
Great Depression, the, 21, 38, 241n7
Great Recession, the, 4, 19, 22, 24, 53, 57, 100, 192, 212, 221
Greece, 31–4, 50, 159, 186, 194, 240n30. See also Athens; Syntagma Square
grievances, 8, 23, 30, 43, 58, 65, 105, 116, 123, 153, 192, 203, 211, 212, 213, 216, 228
Group of Eight (G8), 8, 121, 196
Group of Twenty (G20), 114, 258n9
hacktivism, 30, 39, 45, 54, 65, 213, 241n8
health care, 57, 65, 93, 135, 161, 186, 196, 227
Healthcare for the 99%, 210
Homeland Security, Department of (DHS), 136, 138, 139, 195–8, 206, 250n30–3
homeless
movements of the, 21, 38, 241n7
in Occupy Our Homes, 167, 169, 171, 174
in Occupy Philadelphia, 135
in Occupy Wall Street, 69, 98, 102, 103, 134, 135, 150, 162, 165
in the 99 Percent movement, 7, 37–9, 56, 162, 215, 221
See also 99 Percent, lower; crisis, housing; occupiers, homeless; People’s Kitchen
horizontalism, 4, 5, 7–9, 21, 47, 48, 50, 68, 79, 93, 104, 105, 200, 214, 216–20, 235n13. See also anarchists; assemblies; consensus; democracy, direct; ideology, political
housing. See foreclosures; movement, housing; Occupy, Our Homes; working group, Housing
identity, collective, 5, 10, 33, 40, 44, 55, 57, 65, 97, 153, 202, 214–15, 220. See also 99 Percent, the, as identity; citizenship; class, identity; gender; race; sexuality
ideology, political, 4, 40, 44, 51, 65, 101, 150, 166, 177, 184, 213, 214, 224
imagery, 11, 24, 30, 43, 77, 80, 91, 111, 117, 151, 188, 197, 213, 244n22, 253n26
immigrant
organizations, 32, 99, 100, 186, 193
workers, 4, 36, 116, 182, 190, 255n20
See also movement, immigrant rights; occupiers, immigrant
Immigrant Worker Justice (IWJ), 99, 182, 190, 210
immigrants, undocumented, 97, 182, 186, 192, 193, 196, 215
indigenous people. See Chochenyo Ohlone; occupiers, indigenous; Zapatistas
indignados, 28–31, 33, 34, 59, 113, 194, 239n26. See also movement, 15-M; Spain
Indymedia, 44, 241n18. See also media, independent
inequality
of capabilities, 5, 9, 50, 218
of income and wealth, 8, 10, 53, 54, 103, 217, 234n7, 237n8
in New York City, 36, 134, 167–70, 174
within Occupy Wall Street, 4, 7, 9, 50, 71–3, 97–100, 104, 125, 164, 201, 217–19, 227
politics of, 56–8, 205, 214, 217, 224–8
of time, 4, 9, 40, 50, 71, 104, 162, 165, 218, 261n19
See also 1 Percent, the; 99 Percent, the; class; education; gender; power; race; resources; sexuality
interests, 7, 32, 50, 51, 57, 65, 76, 158, 160, 164, 177, 200, 202, 207, 211, 214, 215, 227
International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT), 26, 97, 207
International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU), 132, 179
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 21, 31. See also Argentina; austerity; Greece; neoliberalism
International Socialist Organization (ISO), 39, 110
Internet. See cyberspace; hacktivism; media, social; Web, the; working group, Tech Ops
InterOccupy, 12, 122, 125–7, 144, 151, 213
Iraq, war in, 27, 40, 84, 131, 168, 171. See also movement, antiwar; United States, military; veterans
jails, 77, 78, 90, 91, 120, 130, 135, 148, 149, 154, 158, 161, 177, 178, 184. See also arrests; courts; criminalization; prisons
jobs. See labor, market; layoffs; unemployment; wage; workers
Joint Terrorism Task Force, 136, 250n31
Jones, Van, 166
JPMorgan Chase, 77, 78, 84, 86, 115, 128, 139, 171–3, 206, 208
Judson Memorial Church, 96, 149, 163. See also alliance, Occupy-faith
Kelly, Ray, 90, 91, 107, 143. See also New York City Police Department
kitchen. See People’s Kitchen; working group, Food
know-how, 9, 20, 97, 104, 126, 183, 218
labor
organized, 7, 10, 25, 33, 76, 91–7, 157, 179–83, 186, 193, 212, 219, 220, 226, 245n5
students and, 23, 25, 33, 93, 95, 97
volunteer, 71, 72, 80, 95, 102, 103, 106, 134, 162, 169, 192, 211
See also alliance, Occupy-labor; movement, labor; strike; union, labor; workers
Laborers International Union of North America (LIUNA), 92, 207
Latinos and Latinas, 17, 19, 26, 41, 44, 76, 84, 99–100, 102, 116, 155, 176, 182, 222
lawyers. See courts; legal, aid; National Lawyers Guild
layoffs, 36, 42, 93, 183, 220. See also unemployment
leadership, informal, 50, 73, 104, 124, 165, 218, 247n20, 257n5, 261n19
Left, American, 3, 12, 25, 43, 97, 136, 202, 203, 212, 214, 225, 226, 259n23
Left, radical, 16, 33, 39, 121, 150, 159, 184, 186, 194, 214, 248n10
legal
aid, 69, 71, 72, 87, 90, 110, 223
discrimination, 8, 10, 19, 186, 207, 223, 261n23
status of occupation, 38, 52, 64, 106, 107, 120, 130, 139, 148, 149, 223, 245n3
See also arrests; courts; immigrants, undocumented; police
legitimacy, 9, 73, 97, 101, 105, 122, 124, 125, 150, 165, 209, 213, 221, 224, 236n17–18
Lehman Brothers, 14. See also banks, investment; crisis, financial
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT). See gender; homophobia; movement, LGBT liberation; occupiers, LGBT; sexuality
Lewis, Ray, 154
liberties, civil, 2, 74, 95, 120, 131, 140, 148–50, 156, 161, 177, 245n4. See also arrests; assembly, freedom of; Bill of Rights; police, militarization of; tactics, police
Liberty Square. See space, privately owned public; occupation, tactic of; Occupy Wall Street; Zuccotti Park
live stream, 8, 30, 70, 71, 80, 81, 89, 108, 116, 125, 144, 195, 196, 199, 213
lobbying, 39, 54, 65, 85, 116, 185, 217
London, 3, 12, 124, 149, 175. See also Occupy, London
Long-Range Acoustic Device (LRAD), 143
Longview, Washington, 179
Los Angeles, 159, 171, 179, 186. See also Occupy, Los Angeles
Madison, Wisconsin, 24, 27, 212. See also occupation, tactic of; Wisconsin
Madrid, 12, 28, 30, 32, 34, 41, 42, 108. See also movement, 15-M; Puerta del Sol; Spain
Manhattan, 62, 64, 75, 102, 150, 155, 163, 188, 193, 220
Lower, 1, 11, 36, 43, 61, 73, 82, 107, 115, 124, 125, 140, 142, 145, 146, 157, 167, 177, 191, 214, 222, 227
Midtown, 116, 160, 182, 189–91, 195
Uptown, 75, 76, 146, 155, 162, 182
Manning, Bradley/Chelsea, 203
markets. See capitalism; debt; labor, market; New York Stock Exchange; Wall Street
masks, 45, 65, 117, 118, 130, 131, 146, 154, 169, 176, 196
May 12 Coalition, 37
May Day, 186–9, 191–4, 198, 203, 220. See also 99 Percent, the, Day without
McCarthy, Garry, 120
media
corporate, 8, 12, 79, 81–2, 120, 194, 199, 235n9
independent, 1, 8, 12, 20, 23, 32, 42, 44, 69–71, 72, 77, 80–2, 89, 99, 105, 131, 213, 199, 241n18
restrictions on, 77, 90, 129, 150, 154, 140, 150, 154, 161, 195–6, 251n2
social, 5, 12, 45, 60, 68, 70, 79–81, 112, 114, 126, 129, 154, 188, 199, 201
See also live stream; Occupy Wall Street, media coverage of; working group, Media
medics, street, 26, 69, 71, 111, 129, 146, 162, 197, 221
memes. See Occupy Wall Street, meme; media, social; Web, the
men. See gender; power; occupiers, male-identified; sexism; violence, sexual
Mental Health Movement, 196
Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA), 90, 94
mic check. See assemblies, general; People’s Microphone
militarization. See weapons, less-lethal; police, militarization of
Millennials, 4, 7, 27, 201, 226
Montana, 226
Montreal, 194. See also Quebec
mortgages, subprime. See banks; crisis, financial; foreclosures
Move Your Money, 114
movement
15-M, 20, 28, 30, 35, 42, 55, 194, 213
alter-globalization, 4, 22, 42, 47, 67, 124, 195, 242n25
antiwar, 4, 15, 21, 51, 65, 74, 84, 95, 97, 131, 195–7, 217
civil rights, 10, 21, 67, 74, 77, 182, 185, 201, 208, 223, 237n6, 262n26
environmental, 103, 186, 211, 217, 221, 260n4
health care, 10, 30, 32, 37, 74, 100, 154, 169, 186, 196
housing, 4, 8, 30, 38, 39, 132, 167–74, 185, 186, 207, 221, 238n15
immigrant rights, 4, 32, 99, 100, 182, 186, 190, 196, 256n27
indigenous, 21, 99, 100, 238n13
labor, 3, 21, 24–8, 40, 87, 91–7, 98, 130, 132–3, 179–83, 186, 212, 219–20, 223, 224, 245n5, 255n20, 257n4, 262n26
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) liberation, 201, 237n6
student, 4, 10, 11, 21–3, 25–8, 32, 36, 39, 40, 51, 55, 87, 93, 95, 98, 101, 115, 132, 155–6, 158–61, 191, 194, 200–1, 206
women’s liberation, 99, 215, 217, 223, 247n20, 261n19, 262n26
See also specific organizations; 99 Percent, the, movement; action; alliances; strategy; tactics
Movement for Justice in El Barrio (MJB), 96, 99–100
Movement Resource Group (MRG), 198–9
MoveOn.org, 109, 110, 151, 152, 203
Movimento Passe Livre (MPL), 211, 260n6
mutual aid, 72, 128, 200, 221, 222. See also labor, volunteer; solidarity
narrative, 3, 4, 8, 11, 12, 20, 41, 55–8, 66, 68, 80–2, 97, 101, 121, 127, 142, 146, 150, 151, 152, 154–6, 160, 168, 172, 212, 214, 261n10
National Lawyers Guild (NLG), 71, 258n13
National Nurses United (NNU), 92, 95, 156, 161, 196
neoliberalism, 21, 28, 51, 156, 225. See also austerity; capitalism; economics, trickle-down
networks, social, 6, 7, 9, 12, 30, 44, 60, 81, 93, 104, 123, 162, 185, 188, 194, 201, 212, 213, 218, 219, 234n4, 239n26. See also affinity groups; leadership, informal; media, social
New York
City of, 3, 4, 8, 11, 15, 16, 19, 22, 40, 44, 45–6, 55, 67, 74, 76, 77, 83, 91, 93, 107, 108, 114, 118, 126, 140, 143–4, 150, 152, 155, 164, 168, 171, 175, 186, 191, 193, 194, 198, 199, 207, 220, 222, 236n17, 254n10, 261n11
City Council, 42, 89, 107, 109, 148, 149
City Hall, 3, 5, 36, 41, 42, 62, 75, 86, 94, 107, 109, 147, 148, 219, 221
City University of (CUNY), 45, 94, 116, 155, 156, 160–1, 191, 253n26
State of, 20, 26, 38, 39, 45, 55, 93, 149, 160, 171
See also Bronx; Brooklyn; East New York; Manhattan; New York City General Assembly; New York City Police Department; Queens; Zuccotti Park
New York City General Assembly (NYCGA), 11, 56, 66, 70, 72, 80, 83, 93, 102, 109, 111, 142, 169, 183, 186, 198, 235n11, 235n13
committees of, 48, 51, 52, 55, 60, 64, 69
conflicts in, 46–8, 50–2, 73, 97–100, 104–5, 123–5, 164–6, 175, 218–19, 242n21, 246n15
decisions of, 39, 47, 48, 50, 51, 67, 73, 81, 105, 122–5, 164, 165, 180, 214, 217–19
distribution of resources by, 5, 8, 122, 123, 125, 162, 164, 166, 217, 219, 221
structure of, 8–9, 47–50, 66–7, 69–70, 73, 104, 122–5, 217, 218
See also specific working groups; assemblies, general; leadership, informal; Occupy Wall Street; spokescouncil
New York City Police Department (NYPD), 37, 41, 52, 62, 64, 67, 73, 74, 79, 90, 91, 107, 109, 113, 117, 138, 141, 151, 174, 188, 189, 222–3, 245n4, 249n21, 251n2
command officers, 60, 78, 86, 88, 94, 115, 119, 140, 154, 184, 191, 193, 205
Counter-Terrorism Bureau, 143, 206
Technical Assistance Response Unit (TARU), 87, 146
See also arrests; Occupy Wall Street, eviction of; a police; racial profiling; tactics, police
New York Communities for Change (NYCC), 55, 93, 95, 96
New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), 3, 15, 60, 74, 75, 140, 152–4, 173, 194, 205
New York University (NYU), 4, 36, 115, 155
New Yorkers Against Budget Cuts (NYABC), 37–9, 41, 45–8
Ninjas, affinity group, 166, 174–176, 220
nonviolence, 2, 4, 24, 30, 52, 73, 91, 119, 130, 136, 140, 146, 151, 153, 154, 159, 161, 184, 185, 187, 205, 211, 213, 227, 256n32. See also tactics, diversity of; violence
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 121, 195, 196, 258n13
Oakland
City of, 3, 10, 12, 100, 128–32, 171, 222
Police Department, 10, 100, 128–33, 222
See also Occupy, Oakland; Oscar Grant Plaza; police, militarization of; strike, general; tactics, police
Obama, Barack, 6, 25, 45, 62, 120, 121, 166, 177, 185, 203, 225, 259n28
occupation, tactic of, 9, 10, 20–2, 23, 24, 25–8, 30–1, 32, 35, 38–40, 43, 44, 46, 51, 52, 55, 64–5, 67, 73, 77, 82, 93, 115, 127, 128, 135, 146, 158, 166, 171, 172, 174, 176, 180, 182, 186, 193, 194, 196, 211, 212, 213, 224, 238n12–16. See also action, direct; Occupy; tactics
occupiers, 1–6, 13, 36, 37, 70, 76, 78, 80, 105, 106–10, 112, 119, 121, 125–7, 128, 130, 133, 136, 139, 140, 143, 144, 146–57, 164, 176, 179–80, 183, 186, 187, 189, 193, 195, 197–9, 203–8, 209–13, 219–28
college-educated, 7, 12, 17, 27, 39, 65, 73, 83, 102, 201, 218
of color, 11, 12, 97–101, 103, 123, 129, 150, 171, 174, 215, 246n14–16
day 1, 3, 60–2, 64–5, 66–9, 87, 100, 222
female-identified, 12, 48, 79, 89, 98, 99, 134, 184
home, 19, 22, 167–74, 176, 177, 186, 211, 221, 253n2
homeless, 7, 21, 38, 39, 102, 134, 150, 162, 165, 167, 174, 220–1
immigrant, 20, 29, 99–100, 116, 178, 182, 190–1, 215
interviews with, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 35, 94, 124, 134, 150, 205, 212, 214–17, 225, 226, 251n2, 255n23, 261n11, 262n31
lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT), 44, 74, 101, 201
male-identified, 64, 65, 73, 117, 118, 124, 131, 150, 178, 206
motivations of, 2, 5, 8, 20, 65, 72, 84, 162, 177, 201, 217
Muslim, 24, 99 (see also Egypt; Tunisia)
politics of, 3, 5, 8–12, 27, 29, 30–4, 38–42, 43, 44, 46–8, 50, 51, 53, 58, 65, 66, 68, 73, 77, 82, 91, 97–101, 103, 104, 114, 117, 122, 123, 150, 160, 161, 166, 174, 176, 177–8, 185, 194, 196, 200, 202, 214–17, 225–28
student, 4, 10, 11, 21, 22, 25, 26, 28, 32, 39, 41, 45, 48, 51, 52, 55, 61, 77, 83, 84, 87, 90, 95, 97, 98, 101, 115, 116, 120, 132, 155–6, 158–61, 191, 194, 200–1, 206, 212, 218
surveys of, 5, 217, 225, 233n1, 236n18
young, 23, 24, 28, 43–4, 61, 66, 79, 93, 95, 98, 101, 118, 131, 150, 178, 184, 192, 194, 206, 220
See also specific occupations; affinity groups; assemblies; alliances; networks, social; working group
Occupy
Atlanta, 12, 136, 137, 171–2, 182, 261n11
Black Friday, 210
Cal, 158, 159 (see also California, University of)
Chicago (OC), 12, 120–1, 137, 171, 172, 195–7, 203, 261n11
El Barrio, 99, 196 (see also occupiers, immigrant)
the Hood, 100, 162, 177, 210 (see also occupiers, of color)
Los Angeles, 159, 171, 179, 186
meme, 5, 27, 42–6, 213, 241n12
moment, 6, 9, 12, 13, 185, 212, 221, 226, 227
National Gathering, 198–9, 210
Nigeria, 186 (see also strike, general)
Oakland, 8, 10, 12, 100–1, 128–33, 137, 158, 179–80, 196, 203, 224, 262n31
Our Homes, 8, 19, 169–74, 176, 177, 211, 221, 253n2
phenomenon, 3–5, 6, 11, 79, 157, 219
Philadelphia, 12, 127, 135, 154, 198, 215, 261n11
Sandy (OS), 210, 211, 221, 260n4
Solidarity Network (OSN), 122
Student Debt Campaign (OSDC), 160, 200
See also 99 Percent, the; assemblies; occupation, tactic of; occupiers; Occupy Wall Street
Occupy Wall Street (OWS), 3, 60, 81, 84, 135, 157, 167, 197, 215, 228
branding of, 6, 43, 203, 234n4
breakdown of, 5, 198–200, 209, 219, 221
Occupy Wall Street (cont.)call to, 20, 43–5, 51, 61, 74, 193, 205, 207, 211, 213
coverage of, 72, 74, 77, 79–84, 99, 113, 120, 129, 140, 170, 195, 196, 199, 202, 207, 213, 223, 224, 226, 235n9, 244n22, 260n1
democratic practices of, 46–52, 62, 65–8, 73, 95, 104, 105, 116, 122–5, 129, 164–6, 179, 180, 185, 198, 217–19, 235n13
demonstrations in solidarity with, 94–7, 115, 132, 149, 159, 187
development of, 5, 11, 44, 79, 91–2, 98, 105, 115, 122–5, 212–13
divisions within, 65, 97–100, 102–6, 123, 124, 134, 164–6, 175–176, 177–8, 184, 186–7, 193, 201, 202–3, 214, 218–19, 242n21, 246n15, 249n14
electoral politics and, 9, 10, 71, 152, 177, 185, 195, 201–4, 207, 216–17, 220, 225–6, 235n16, 236n18, 263n38–39
eviction of, 108–12, 115, 128, 139–51, 158, 162–5, 251n2
funding of, 7–8, 99, 102, 122–3, 124, 192, 198–9, 218–20
impact of, 6, 10, 53, 118, 121, 139, 202, 205, 219, 223–6, 262n31–2
infrastructure of, 1, 20, 45, 68–70, 122, 126, 147, 161–4, 183, 190, 194, 209, 220, 221
institutional responses to, 7, 106–12, 133–40, 183–4, 187–94, 205–8, 219–23
models for, 20–35, 50, 122, 124, 212–13, 238n12–16, 239n25–6
offshoots of, 169–74, 180–3, 200, 210–11, 220, 221, 260n2–4
origins of, 5, 8, 11, 20, 27, 35, 42–8, 50–2, 67, 113, 205, 212, 214, 219, 242n21
study of, 5, 11–13, 68–9, 217, 225, 233n1–3, 234n4–5, 234n8, 236n18
support for, 91–5, 96, 99–100, 109–10, 121, 139, 177, 207, 219–21, 224, 248n10
See also specific working groups; 99 Percent, the; affinity groups; alliances; New York City General Assembly; New York City Police Department;occupiers; spokescouncil
OccupyWallSt.org, 44, 66, 70, 90, 119, 126, 154, 200
Olsen, Scott, 27, 131, 196, 250n26
Organization for a Free Society (OFS), 39
organizations, nonprofit, 5, 7, 9, 10, 19, 38, 40, 96, 199, 202, 207, 220–21. See also specific organizations; alliance, Occupy-nonprofit; community, based organizations
organizers
community, 8, 36, 38, 95, 101, 132–3, 169–70, 171, 185, 206, 211, 215
labor, 40, 41, 76, 93, 94, 132, 152, 156, 186
occupiers and, 6, 22, 33, 38, 45, 51, 52, 60, 64, 65, 69, 99, 105, 115, 122, 123, 135, 144, 166, 174, 180, 184, 193, 195, 198–9, 207, 213
student, 21, 22, 31, 33, 39, 41, 45, 102, 155, 158–61, 191, 200
Oscar Grant Plaza, 100, 101, 128–30, 132
Other 98 Percent, the, 53, 81, 151
Overcoming-Love Ministries, 103. See also alliance, Occupy-faith; People’s Kitchen
participant observation, 3, 4, 11, 12, 20, 68, 236n22
participation, 4, 9, 10, 11, 20, 28, 29, 34, 50, 68, 72, 73, 104, 109, 122, 123, 125, 127, 162, 177, 178, 186, 208, 211, 213, 216–19, 227, 247n20, 261n19. See also assemblies; democracy
parties, political, 5, 23, 33, 47, 177, 185, 202. See also alliances, electoral; elections, U.S.; Party
partnerships, public-private, 4, 7, 64, 136, 139, 172, 185, 188, 197, 221–3, 250n31–2
Party
Democratic, 7, 10, 93, 201, 202, 225
of the Institutional Revolution, 194
Workers World, 46, 47, 110, 186
Working Families, 20, 110, 202
people of color. See African Americans; Latinos and Latinas; occupiers, of color; race; racism; working group, People of Color
People’s General Assembly, 46, 47. See also New York City General Assembly
People’s Kitchen, 1, 69, 72, 101–3, 134, 135, 145, 146, 147, 161, 162, 183, 190
People’s Library, 1, 63, 145, 147, 183, 190
People’s Microphone, 2, 64, 67–8, 98, 99, 106, 112, 154, 156, 160, 168, 183, 193, 208, 213
pepper spray, 71, 78, 79, 108, 146, 159, 180. See also weapons, less-lethal
performance, 15, 27, 68, 80, 104, 105, 118, 121, 151, 176, 192
Philadelphia, 3, 12, 44, 135, 154, 198
photography. 2, 3, 11, 26, 62, 64, 65, 78, 80, 81, 88, 141, 144, 154, 160, 197. See also imagery; media, independent; participant observation; working group, Media
picket lines, 10, 32, 76, 93, 132, 179, 180, 183, 186, 188–91
Picture the Homeless (PTH), 38
Pike, John, 159
planned abandonment, 134, 174, 254n10. See also austerity; inequality, in New York City
police
barricades, 22, 41, 60, 113, 114, 117–19, 131, 132, 143, 147, 149, 152, 154, 157, 189, 191, 192, 205, 222, 223
chiefs, 86, 90, 94, 107, 120, 128, 133, 140, 143, 150
kettles, 37, 78, 88–90, 120, 190, 196, 222
militarization of, 9, 45, 52, 128–31, 146, 159, 196, 222, 223, 249n21
negotiation with, 22, 51, 52, 60, 157, 220
observation of, 5, 78, 81, 112, 116, 140, 154, 161, 193, 222, 253n26
protests against, 8, 10, 94–5, 99, 100–1, 130–1, 132–3, 149, 154, 186
raids, 1–2, 9–10, 13, 30, 74, 108–9, 129, 133–4, 136–7, 139–48, 149, 150, 152, 159, 162, 164–6, 208, 209, 222–4, 251n2
repression, 7, 9–10, 23, 24, 28, 30, 71, 73, 74, 77–9, 80, 88–90, 94, 99, 108, 115–21, 127, 131, 136–50, 153–4, 158–61, 176, 178, 184, 188–94, 195–8, 205–8, 209, 222, 223
riots, 2, 10, 28, 30, 117, 119, 129, 130, 131, 139, 140, 142, 143, 146, 147, 149, 153–6, 176, 184, 189, 190, 192, 193, 206, 208, 223
See also specific police departments; arrests; racial profiling; surveillance; tactics, police; violence
Police Executive Research Forum (PERF), 136
Popular Assembly of the Peoples of Oaxaca (APPO), 21, 238n13
populists, 48, 51, 150, 214. See also specific politicians; ideology, political; inequality, of income and wealth
Portland, Oregon, 136, 179, 180, 203
poverty, 7, 21–2, 40, 57, 83, 103, 116, 162, 196, 211, 218, 220, 238n14. See also 99 Percent, lower; austerity; class, lower; homeless; inequality, of income and wealth
power
balance of, 25, 176, 201, 224, 228
bases of, 23, 26, 92, 95, 110, 185–6, 209, 219–221, 223, 226–7
class, 3, 6, 7, 10, 21, 24–8, 33, 43, 56, 150, 153, 185, 201, 216, 218, 234n7
corporate, 3, 10, 42, 172, 185, 202, 225, 228, 263n40
people, 28, 33, 64, 67, 101, 102, 130, 132–3, 152, 156, 190, 192, 208, 226, 227, 260n4, 262n26 (see also democracy; disruption; movement)
players, 5, 7, 8, 106, 109, 127–8, 136, 185, 219, 221
political, 16, 22–4, 30, 93–5, 121, 160, 202, 234n7, 247n20
relations among the occupiers, 5, 9, 50, 72, 73, 97–100, 104–5, 124, 125, 165, 178, 201, 215, 217–19, 246n15, 247n20, 261n19
and resources among the occupiers, 5, 8, 23, 123, 164, 166, 201, 217, 219
state, 10, 23, 25, 34, 121, 150, 194, 197
See also 1 Percent, the; class; gender; inequality; legitimacy; race; sexuality
prisons, 99, 100, 184, 190. See also arrests; jails; courts; criminalization
Professional Staff Congress (PSC), 38, 92, 93
professionals, 7–9, 15, 71, 84, 90, 93–5, 201, 218, 220, 221. See also class, middle
profits, corporate, 16–17, 53, 64, 79, 103, 158, 179. See also capital; corporations
property, private, 1, 21, 52, 64, 108, 115, 135, 143–4, 148, 174–5, 177, 221
public sector. See austerity; government; Greece; Wisconsin; workers, public sector
Puerta del Sol, 28, 32, 38, 114, 193, 194. See also indignados; Madrid; movement, 15-M; Spain
Quan, Jean, 128
race, 3, 12, 39, 77, 97–100, 129, 150, 160, 170, 175, 191, 219, 246n15, 254n10. See also occupiers, of color; racial profiling; racism; unemployment, race and; violence, racial
racial profiling, 8, 10, 150, 186, 207, 261n23
racism, 17, 57, 76, 97–100, 174, 186, 215, 222
rage, day of, 23, 36, 60, 61, 76
Raleigh, North Carolina, 211
Recidivists, affinity group, 166, 176
recovery, economic, 6, 16–17, 37, 46, 53, 207, 212, 228. See also crisis, economic
reform, 51, 105, 166, 175, 217, 226–7
education, 10, 36, 42, 156, 158, 160, 169, 186, 191, 194, 217, 226, 227
electoral, 30, 51, 71, 185, 217, 223, 226
financial, 15–16, 37, 39, 51, 65, 70, 71, 185, 196, 206, 211, 216
housing, 21, 39, 55, 169–72, 185, 186, 211, 227, 253n2, 260n3
immigration, 4, 186, 196, 256n27
police, 8, 10, 94, 130, 132, 150, 160, 185, 207, 208, 256n27, 261n23
religion. See alliance, Occupy-faith; churches; occupiers, Jewish; occupiers, Muslim; Trinity Church
Republic Windows and Doors, 22, 238n15
Republican National Convention (RNC), 91, 197–8, 203, 245n4
resources, 5, 8, 9, 23, 45, 97, 123, 125, 126, 139, 162, 164, 166, 170, 172, 183, 198, 201, 211, 216, 217, 219, 221, 222. See also alliances; donors; inequality
Retail, Wholesale, and Department Store Union (RWDSU), 95
revolutionaries, 23, 24, 26, 41, 51, 65, 101, 150, 175, 226. See also anarchists; socialists
revolutions, 22–4, 25, 29, 35, 40, 41, 47, 71, 105, 112, 135, 206, 209, 238n16, 257n4
Right to the City Alliance (RTTC), 55, 96
rights. See Bill of Rights; movement; reform
riots, 4, 21, 31, 90, 95, 100, 128, 191, 196–7. See also Athens; Oakland; tactics, police
Rodriguez, Ydanis, 149
Rolling Jubilee, 201. See also debt; Strike Debt
Romney, Mitt, 121, 185, 203, 220
safety net, 70, 100, 102, 106, 134, 162, 199, 202, 221. See also austerity; budget cuts
Saint Paul’s Cathedral, 163, 175. See also Occupy, London
San Francisco State, 158
sanitation, 1, 3, 69, 72, 102, 103, 107, 108, 109–12, 128, 147, 169, 184
Sawant, Kshama, 226
security, private, 76, 107, 108, 136, 139, 148, 149, 156, 164, 172, 188, 189, 195, 223
segregation, 21, 150, 167, 174, 207, 223
September 11, 59, 62, 127, 136, 139, 222
Service Employees International Union (SEIU), 92, 94, 100, 156, 203
sexism, 73, 178, 133–4, 215, 217, 223, 262n26. See also gender; occupiers, female-identified; occupiers, male-identified; power, relations among the occupiers
sexuality, 44, 74, 97, 101, 133–134, 178, 201, 237n6. See also homophobia; movement, LGBT liberation; occupiers, LGBT
social movements. See specific movements; action; alliances; movement; narrative; strategy; tactics
social services. See austerity; budget cuts; safety net
socialists, 4, 65, 136, 150, 185, 216, 226, 234n5, 257n4
anarchists and, 20, 46–8, 51, 214
in Occupy Wall Street, 20, 39, 46–8, 51, 184, 214
See also specific parties; capitalism, critique of; ideology, political; revolution
solidarity
actions in, 24, 26, 27, 32, 82, 109, 115, 132, 155, 158, 159, 180, 190–1
expressions of, 26, 32, 65, 88, 99, 112, 146, 159, 179, 187, 214
international, 24, 26, 132, 159, 193, 195
relations of, 84, 94, 97, 123, 177, 178, 199
sources of, 4, 33, 57, 68, 70, 97, 122, 151, 214
See also 99 Percent; alliances; identity, collective; mutual aid
South Asians for Justice (SAJ), 98, 99
space, 3, 6, 11, 29, 33, 65, 67, 80, 91, 103–5, 112, 146, 162, 175, 178, 190, 201, 208
privately owned public, 1, 39, 64, 69, 74, 106, 123, 148, 150, 165, 189–91
public, 21, 30–1, 191, 193, 242n31, 243n7
urban, 44, 98, 134, 150, 154, 166, 174, 209, 211, 219, 223
See also specific sites; cyberspace; property, private; occupation, tactic of
Spain, 20, 28, 30–4, 43, 46, 50, 59, 80, 116, 159, 186, 194. See also indignados; Madrid; movement, 15-M
spectacle, 8, 15, 47, 80, 82, 105, 113, 177, 195, 244n22
spokescouncil, 5, 8, 11, 124–5, 153, 164–5, 198, 249n14–15
SSA Marine, 179
state managers, 7, 9, 33, 117, 127, 128, 134, 195, 197, 213, 221–3
story, battle of the, 3, 79, 121, 127, 244n20. See also media; narrative
strategy
99 Percent, 44, 52, 53, 55, 102, 150, 184–5, 202, 214–15, 225
differences over, 64, 65, 105, 150, 186
of mass organizing, 9, 157, 166, 180, 184–5, 209, 226
of nonviolent direct action, 23, 28, 52, 73, 171, 185, 195, 211–13
of partisan political action, 185, 202–4, 225–6
urban security, 91, 127–8, 172–3, 222–3, 249n21
See also action, direct; alliances; movement; occupation, tactic of; tactics, police
strike, 25, 31, 93, 102, 200, 201, 211, 224, 262n31
general, 23, 24, 31, 33, 132–3, 160, 183-188, 186, 191, 194, 257n4
student, 4, 115, 155, 158–60, 191
See also specific unions; class, conflict; movement, labor; movement, student; union, labor
students. See education; occupiers, student; occupation, tactic of; strike, student
Students for a Democratic Society, 21, 40, 244n22
Superstorm Sandy. See crisis, climate; Occupy, Sandy
surveillance, 86–7, 136, 139, 146, 188, 189, 198, 222, 250n33, 251n2
Syntagma Square, 32–4, 38, 43, 193. See also Athens; Greece
tactics
diversity of, 52, 131, 154, 187, 216, 256n32
evolution in, 20, 22–4, 29, 31–2, 43–6, 67, 115–16, 212, 238n16
tactics (cont.)police, 10, 24, 30, 37, 60, 74, 77–9, 88–91, 108–9, 115–21, 128–31, 135, 136, 139–41, 143–7, 153–7, 158–61, 174, 185, 188–94, 196–7, 222–3, 249n21
See action, direct; blockades; civil disobedience; movement; nonviolence; strategy; strike
Tahrir Square, 23–4, 26, 32, 43, 61, 95, 193. See also Cairo; Egypt
taxes, 22, 25, 37, 38, 53–5, 57, 106, 156, 225, 226
Tea Party, 9, 10, 25, 53, 54, 112, 121, 202, 212, 236n18, 259n23, 263n38
tear gas, 10, 23, 24, 43, 112, 129–31, 180
technology, 11, 20, 22, 29, 67, 68, 126–7, 197, 213, 218, 241n8–9
Tel Aviv, 34
terrorism. See counterterrorism; Homeland Security, Department of; September 11; tactics, police
time, 4, 8, 9, 11, 18, 20, 50, 69, 71, 80, 90, 102, 104, 105, 123, 125, 127, 134, 135, 162, 165, 178, 183, 218, 223, 261n19. See also inequality, of time
Times Square, 113–18, 157, 189, 195
Tompkins Square Park, 48, 51, 56, 80, 200
transgender people. See occupiers, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender
Transit Workers Union (TWU), 38, 42, 92, 94, 95
transparency, 5, 30, 50, 70, 123–5, 126, 218, 226
trauma, 119, 131, 151, 164, 178, 183, 250n26
Treasury, Department of the, 15, 138
Trenton, New Jersey, 39
Trinity Church, 69, 96, 123, 135, 148, 175
Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP), 15–16
Troy Davis Park, 136
Turkey, 211, 260n6. See also Occupy, Gezi
unemployment
99 Percent movement and, 7, 32, 41, 42, 51, 84, 97, 121, 151, 152, 157, 182, 184, 196, 212, 218, 220, 221, 228
experiences of, 4, 17–18, 31, 40, 56, 57, 65
long-term, 20, 37, 53, 162, 221
underemployment and, 4, 17, 20, 28, 132
youth, 17, 18, 23, 31, 95, 158, 199
See also crisis, economic; Great Recession, the; labor, market; layoffs; workers
union, labor
busting, 8, 25–7, 181, 190, 226, 239n25
leadership, 93–5, 109, 112, 149, 151, 156, 157, 179, 186, 193, 220
membership, 2, 7, 24–8, 39, 75, 83, 84, 91–7, 112, 120, 179, 182, 203, 206, 220
organizing, 4, 22, 182–3, 186, 211, 224, 257n4, 262n32
See also specific unions; labor, organized; movement, labor; strike; workers
Union Square, 75, 76, 78, 91, 155, 156, 163, 189, 191, 192
United Auto Workers (UAW), 92, 156
United Federation of Teachers (UFT), 37, 92, 94, 156
United Kingdom. See London; Occupy, London
United States
cities of, 3, 10, 12, 16, 21, 22, 38, 127, 133, 134, 136, 150, 151, 171, 175, 179, 180, 186, 194, 197, 221, 223, 224, 226
economy of, 7, 14–20, 212–13, 224, 228, 234n6
history of, 15, 18, 21–2, 97, 112, 158, 209, 223, 262n26
military, 8, 25, 27, 57, 84, 131, 175, 196, 197, 198
politics of, 8, 15, 24–8, 46, 71, 100, 121, 201–4, 212, 214, 224–8
U.S. Uncut, 22. See also Other 98 Percent, the
United Steelworkers (USW), 95
veterans, 21, 27, 57, 65, 84, 108, 116, 131, 161, 171, 193, 196, 205, 206. See also Afghanistan, war in; Iraq, war in; movement, antiwar;Olsen, Scott; United States, military
video, 40, 45, 65, 72, 80, 81, 86–8, 154, 160, 161, 189, 251n2. See also live stream; media
Vietnam Veterans Plaza, 193, 206
violence
sexual, 99, 133, 134, 164, 182
state, 10, 21, 23, 24, 28, 77–9, 94, 99, 128–31, 144, 154, 159–61, 177, 184–185, 188, 198, 199, 213, 222–3 (See also police, militarization of; tactics, police)
Voices of Community Activists and Leaders (VOCAL), 96
wage
growth, 25, 31, 93, 212, 220, 228
living, 21, 83, 155, 180, 224, 262n31
low, 17, 20, 162, 169, 180–2, 192, 203, 211, 220, 224
See also inequality, of income and wealth; union, labor; workers
Wall Street, 1, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14–16, 36, 37, 43, 45, 46, 53, 60–2, 70, 71, 73, 74, 76, 77, 93–5, 112, 115, 116, 121, 143, 152–5, 157, 171, 179, 193, 205–208, 214, 216, 219, 222, 225–6. See also 1 Percent, the; banks; capital, financial; crisis, financial; Occupy Wall Street
Warren, Elizabeth, 185
Washington, D.C., 7, 25, 53, 54, 126, 149, 214, 226
Washington Square Park, 95, 115, 187, 195, 200, 225
weapons, less-lethal, 129, 131, 222
Web, the, 8, 12, 16, 27, 33, 39, 42, 44, 45, 48, 51, 52, 54–8, 68, 69, 70, 74, 80, 81, 90, 98, 109, 114, 126, 144, 194, 213, 216, 217, 242n31. See also cyberspace; media, social
welfare state. See austerity; budget cuts; safety net
Wells Fargo, 19, 172, 173, 190
West Coast Port Shutdown, 179–80
White, Micah, 43
Wisconsin, 13, 27, 36, 203, 220, 239n25
University of, 25
See also austerity; government, state; Madison; union, labor; Walker, Scott
women. See gender; occupiers, female-identified; power; sexism; violence, sexual
workers
communications, 22, 29, 94–95, 156, 180–2
domestic, 192
education, 25, 32, 94, 120, 130, 155, 156, 186, 191,
health care, 95, 97, 120, 156, 161, 206
immigrant, 4, 36, 186, 190–2, 215, 255n20
public sector, 25–8, 33, 39, 93–5, 95, 159, 212
service, 62, 75, 156, 182, 211
transit, 33, 36, 38, 42, 90, 94, 192–4
See also alliance, Occupy-labor; class, working; movement, labor; union, labor
working group
Alternative Banking, 210
Community Relations, 106
Direct Action (DAWG), 11, 63, 72, 73, 82, 87, 109, 111, 119, 123, 152, 169, 174–6, 199, 202, 256n32
Facilitation, 11, 63, 104–5, 109, 123, 124
Food, 11, 48, 69–71, 102 (see also People’s Kitchen)
Housing, 162
Media, 63, 69–74, 80–1, 109, 123, 169, 202
Outreach, 11, 48, 51, 52, 55, 63, 152
People of Color (POCcupy), 11, 63, 97–100, 123, 146, 164, 182, 215
Public Relations (PR), 11, 63, 80
Sanitation, 109, 111, 147, 169
Shipping, Inventory, and Storage (SIS), 161
Sustainability, 103
See also affinity groups; New York City General Assembly; Occupy Wall Street
Yo Soy 132, 194. See also Mexico
youth
New York City, 37, 77, 84, 160, 161, 191
role in Occupy Oakland, 100, 101, 129, 132
role in Occupy Wall Street, 59, 76, 193, 221
Zinn, Howard, 156
Zuccotti, John, 64, 107, 243n6
Zuccotti Park, 1, 3, 6, 10–11, 13, 39, 62–5, 74–5, 82, 91, 106–7, 117, 139, 144, 147–51, 156, 162–4, 166, 174, 183, 193, 207–8. See also Brookfield Properties; New York City Police Department; Occupy Wall Street; space, privately owned public; occupation, tactic of